Aimee Major 33212525 MArch Year 1
Crash Test 2012-2013
Semester One
Programme 1 : Mapping Machine Programme 2 : The Zero Carbon Campus Programme 3 : The Zero Carbon Campus Masterplan Programme 4 : Facade Precedents Programme 5 : Resilient Residences
CAM
Biomimetic Robotics:
Programme One: Mapping Machine
Capturing the Gaze in Urban Environments
The Brief
observe from a fresh perspective. To understand the city as a series of interwoven layers. To unlock these complexities and appreciate that scrutiny through one filter, which results in vastly divergent results to another. The aim of the brief was to view the city anew. To
Cities are machines for innovation, incubators of ideas born of necessity as people from different places and social
classes rub up against each other, creating a
space for ideas and inventions. That city is open to change, it longs to be enhanced, tested, experimented on. As architects we must challenge the status quo, remove
devoid stereotypes and reconstruct in tomorrow’s zeitgeist. The initial step in moving toward a more desirable future is to understand what we already have…
To provoke initial thoughts and to understand the brief through different contexts, we firstly interpreted a Key Urban Text, in our case The Tourist Gaze by John Urry. This gave us a springboard on which to build.
Prog 1 : Mapping Machine Interpreting the Text : ‘The Tourist Gaze’ Building the Machine : CAMO The Machine in Action : Gazes Captured The Conclusions : Exhibition of The Gaze
The Tourist Gaze John Urry ‘Globalizing The Gaze’
Time-Space Compression Globalisation through technological advancments in Communications and Mobilities have reduced the time and space that separates people from travelling the world.
Communications
Virtual
Mobilities
Imaginative
Corporeal
Rapid Increase in Travel
Technological Advancements
The ‘Gaze’
From the ‘Subject’s’ Perspective
‘Corporeal’ Travel has resulted in tourism and the mass consumption of place, and brought about the notion of the ‘Gaze’ - the way in which a place is considered.
The ‘Gaze’ is often considered from the point of view of the ‘Gazer’. However, there are discussions surrounding the impact of the ‘Gaze’ upon the subject. Certain ‘Gazes’ carry high levels of intrusiveness.
Predominantly Visual
Acknowledgement of Other Senses
Experiencing The ‘Gaze’
Developing The ‘Gaze’ Alternative types of the ‘Gaze’ have been described, each embodying differing characteristics. Loose definitions of the ‘Gaze’ suggest that it may be interpreted as a thought, conscious or sub-conscious, evoked from place.
Romantic Gaze
Collective Gaze
Spectorial Gaze
Mediatised Gaze
Reverential Gaze
Environmental Gaze
Mapping The ‘Gaze’
Analysing the text provoked the following ideas about what we will map within the city of Leeds
“Affordances” determine how a user interprets the use of a space
Can Different Users be Offered an Alternative Perspective
Different Users of the City Hold Different Perceptions
Tourists Gaze at Static Objects Which are Unfamiliar, Locals Look Down at the Path
The Gaze From a Subject’s Perspective
Different Subjects Incur Different Gazes
Urban Subjects of Interest There are endless amounts of ‘Subjects’ within the city that are acknowledged, conscious or sub-consciously, which will evoke a thought on a conscious or sub-conscious level. These subject’s and the responsive ‘Gaze’ define how a place is interpreted.
Consumer Items
Street Performer
Advertisements
Vagrant
Buildings
The Mapping Process
Locate Specified Subjects within the City
Implement Machines Within Specific Locations
Through human fieldwork, the specified ‘Subjects’ are located within the studied city. Data is recorded to confirm their geographical location, and altitude, along with additional data such as date, time and current weather conditions.
According to collected data, the Machine is placed on site upon an appropriate surface. Using its designed abilities to move and camouflage, the Machine can manoeuvre itself into position, blending in within the surrounding environment.
Real-Time Control of Machine
Capturing the ‘Gaze’ from a Subject’s Perspective
Uploading Data Creating an Archive of ‘Gazes’
Through live observation, the perspective of the ‘Subject’ is accurately achieved through imitating the ‘Subject’ whilst wearing engineered, sight-tracking glasses. As the observer imitates the ‘Subject’, the camera responds, directing the camera and focusing accordingly.
The Machine accurately replicates the ‘Subjects’ perspective, capturing photographs at regular intervals. The collection represents the ‘Gaze’ and the degree to which people acknowledge their surroundings, whilst capturing conscious and sub-conscious thoughts within the city.
Photographs taken are immediately uploaded to a main server using built in WIFI. The server automatically sorts photographs relevant to contextual characteristics such as location, altitude, date, time of day, and weather conditions.
Accessing The Archive
The ever expanding archive is accessed through various mediums - real-time city phone app, an online exhibition. The archive can also be displayed as a physical exhibition in a disused building. Additionally, the machine is designed to display photographs relevant to its current city context.
The Machine Form
Autonomous Movement
Expanded Form @ 1:1
Section AA
Flexible on Any Surface
Top Elevation
Chameleon Skin
Closes Up for Self Defence
A
Mechanical Legs
A
Exploded Axonometric @ 1:2
Exploded Axonometric Details @ 2:1 Micro Camera
Detail A - LED Skin Panel
External Structural Socket Casing
Protective Casing Mechanical ‘Eyeball’
LED Case
Mechanical Arm Cables Image Detector Shutter - Mechanical ‘Eye-Lid’ Mechanical Arm Motors Printed Board
Circuit
LED Membrane
Internal Socket Casing Printed Circuit Board Local Computer and WiFi Hub
Mechanical Leg
LCD Display Screen Protective Screen Cap
Detail B - Synthetic Setae Skin Plate Internal Mechanical Body Motor
Setae Skin Micro-Structure
LED Skin Panel (see detail A)
Mechanical Leg Cable
Micro-Camera Case
Micro-Camera
Mechanical Leg Motor Photosensitive Camera Plate Synthetic Setae Skin Plate (see detail B)
Mechanical Leg
Subject One : Iconic Building Leeds Art Gallery and Library
The Gaze Captured By Positioning CAMO on a Static Structure, we can determine whether users of the city tend to gaze at iconic buildings or whether they ignore it as a part of everyday life.
CAMO Positioned on Subject
Leeds City Centre @ 1:25,000 - Town Hall
Subject Two : Dynamic Advertisements
Leeds Bus Route
The Gaze Captured
By Positioning CAMO on a Moving Advertisement, we can determine whether they have any effect on attracting the Gaze of the users of the city.
CAMO Positioned on Subject
Leeds City Centre @ 1:25,000 - City Bus Route
Subject Three : Street Performer Guitarist / Vocalist Busker
The Gaze Captured
By Positioning CAMO from the perspective of a street performer, we can observe whether passers by are more inclined to stand and gaze at such a subject, as it is deemed acceptable by society.
CAMO Positioned on Subject
Leeds City Centre @ 1:25,000 - Lands Lane
Subject Three : Intrusive Gaze Vagrant
The Gaze Captured
By Positioning CAMO from the perspective of a vagrant, we can observe the differentiation between the quick glances or complete avoidance of any gaze upon the subject and compare this to the gaze upon a desirable subject eg. Busker.
CAMO Positioned on Subject
Leeds City Centre @ 1:25,000 - St. John’s Centre
The Gaze Exhibition Site
Former York Road Library & Public Baths
Public Bath
Derelict Library
The Gaze Gallery
Physical Model @ 1:1
Scan QR Code for Full Stop Motion Video
Faculty of Art, Architecture and Design :
Programme Two: Zero Carbon Campus
Broadcasting Place
The Brief
Consumption is a major part of the city. Universities are a major part of cities. As Universities grow to accommodate 50% of young people entering higher education, the amount of resources they consume will drastically increase. The sustainable city will have new sorts of consumption and production, and these patterns will reshape not only our lives but the urban space we inhabit. The aim of this project was to visualise a new campus of sustainable consumption based upon a new Leeds Metropolitan University Campus. Allowing us to develop an understanding of the city as a concretisation of resource
flows.
By gaining a thorough understanding of our faculty, Art, Architecture & Design. We have redesigned Broadcasting Place, its resource flows, energy consumption and production.
Prog 2 : Zero Carbon Campus Faculty Resources : Data Collection Current Situation : Inputs / Outputs Proposal : Closed Loop Systems Environmental Strategy : Site Integration
Broadcasting Bio-Fuel Filling Station
The Current Situation
Shocking Figures
Broadcasting Place at Present
Leeds Metropolitan University purchases 0.00% of its electricity from renewable sources. Leeds Metropolitan University generates 0.15% energy on-site from Low or Zero-Carbon energy sources. 2.0288% of Leeds Metropolitan University’s water comes from grey or rain water sources.
At the moment, Broadcasting Place produces 1500 tonnes of CO2 every year as a result of its annual usage of over 1.5 million kWh. This is the equivalent of 240 houses. They make a conscious effort to source as many materials from local businesses as possible, with their main suppliers of Timber and Plastic within 6 miles of Broadcasting Place. All the Timber they source comes from companies who are accredited for their sustainable sourcing.
Our Faculty currently emits 1500 tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere every year.
The University on the whole, is highly regarded in terms of its current sustainability. At present, they are recycling a total of 63.6 % of all waste. Broadcasting Place is the most efficiently used building, with the highest Frequency percentage (number of hours a room is in use as a proportion of the total hours surveyed). Block A has a 77.1% rate Block B has a 97.1% rate. There are often issues with groups of students not having the necessary work space, particularly during hand in periods. This could be solved by the students from Art, Architecture and Design using rooms with a low frequency percentage, during the times of high frequency - January and May. Current CO2 Emissions
1500 Tons CO2
Current Average Annual Energy
1500 Tons CO2
The University as a whole currently emits the same amount of CO2 as 240 family sized houses, totalling at 1,500 Tons per year.
The Ground Floor Workshop in Broadcasting Place, estimate that at the moment, they are recycling 90% of all timber and Plastic cutoffs and mistakes.
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The current Energy use for the Broadcasting Place works out at 1,545568 kwh per year.
Yorkshire Suppliers
Faculty of Art, Architecture and Design Suppliers
Leeds Suppliers
Leeds Metropolitan University Reprographics - LS6 3QS
40 miles
Hindleys Ltd - S13 9LU
3 miles
UK Suppliers
3.3 miles
Screwfix Leeds - LS12 6AL
Dragon Timber & Plywood - LS28 6JP 6 miles
Amari Plastics - LS11 0EY 3.4 miles 150 miles
Design Supply - Milton Keynes
HP Ink - Carbon Footprint
2.2 Tons CO2 The ink used in the faculty are manufactured in Japan, shipped to Milton Keynes and finally to the university.
CO2
100KG CO2
Plotter Paper - Carbon Footprint
3.2 Tons CO2 The wood used to produce the plotter paper is sourced from South America and Switzerland, then sent to Holland where it is manufactured into paper and flown to the UK. It is then distributed to Leeds Metropolitan from Milton Keynes.
100KG CO2
Primary Inputs/Outputs
Block A Houses the main reception to the faculty as well as lecture theatres and computer suites. There is also a cafe and facilities.
Block B Houses all of the faculties design studios and lecture rooms as well as providing a base for all faculty staff and the workshop.
Tower Block Home to 241 student rooms with all modern amenities included. These are occupied for 51 weeks in a year.
Inputs
Inputs
Inputs
Outputs
Outputs
Outputs
The Zero Carbon Faculty
The Proposal Our proposal is intended to make a statement for our faculty, showing that there exists a proactive movement responding to the increasing consumption of a major UK city such as Leeds.
We are basing our design around a modular cladding extension which replaces the short life span and high embodied energy Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods, which feed into an on site Biofuel production line.
We also propose to introduce two phytoremediation gardens which, as well as providing an internal link between the main blocks, also creates a sheltered courtyard space, provides a means of passively ventilating the faculty buildings and works as a natural method for cleaning rain and grey water.
Proposed Technologies
Solar Array
Proposed Loop System
Algae Facade Re-circulation
Waste Water
Re-circulation Pump
Screening/Mixing/ Pumping
If Block A were to have a 4kW photo voltaic solar array installed on its 1,600m2 roof, it would generate nearly 20,000 kWh worth of clean renewable energy.
The proposed algae facade would offset 73,000 tonnes of CO2 annually, while producing 45500 litres worth of Algae Oil which can be processed into Bio-fuel. The byproduct of the algae cultivation would be 30,000 tonnes of Biomass for use in the remediation gardens and to feed the trees in the proposed sustainable forest.
Solar Irradiance Rainwater Roof Reservoir
Kinetic Energy Recovery
Outflow to Algae
Rainwater Collection
Biomass Feeds Back to Garden
Absorption of CO2
Solar Collection
By-product
The Kinetic energy recovery system would be able to harness and recirculate up to 30% of power used in the workshop machinery.
Sustainable Sourcing
Rainwater harvesting system would reduce mains water usage by 50% in total, as well as provide a permanent supply of water to the algae facade and remediation gardens.
Transesterification and Storage Bio-fuel Filtering and Harvesting
Phytoremediation
On-site Filling Station
Fuel for Staff and Students
Campus Shuttle Run
The Leeds Sustainable Forest will be occupied with 3,600 hardwood and softwood trees. Over one year these trees would absorb 47 tonnes of CO2, as well as provide the University with the raw materials to produce its own paper and office materials.
The installation of a phytoremediation garden would offer a reservoir for any rainwater collected and a means of storing and reusing circulated water to the algae facade, providing the algae with nitrogen necessary for efficient growth.
Battery System
Workshop Machinery
Profit and Exposure Kinetic Energy Recovery
Input / Output of Proposals
Demonstration of our proposals for closing existing loops and introducing new system loops.
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Paper Cycle
Grey Water Filtered to Phytoremediation Garden
Phytoremediation
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Algae Biofuel
Remediated Water Returns to Services
Rainwater Collection
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Pulping Process
Bio-fuel emissions are offset by continuous production cycle
Pulping Process
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3 Solar Photovoltaics/ Kinetic Energy Recovery
Kinetic Energy Recovery System
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Composting / Natural Waste
BROADCASTING FILLING STATION
Site Integration
Environmental Strategy
Heating Cooling & Shading Strategies Combined algae mixing tank and photo bio-reactor energy capture system replaces Corten panels. The louvered system also regulates internal solar gain as well as being linked to baffles which control levels of passive ventilation.
Phytoremediation garden for natural water purification. The Winter gardens will also benefit from its by-products
Phytoremediation gardens provide natural fresh air circulation throughout the main blocks when permitted by the outdoor air temperature. This minimizes the use of mechanical ventilation while taking advantage of the prevailing wind and wind channel formed from the current building form. It also provides some shelter from the wind in what is otherwise a turbulent alley.
to aid in growth, promoting faster phytoremediation of the rain and grey water, improving the efficient growth rate of the vertical algae pods.
Photovoltaic panels with automated sun tracking. Power generated supplies the workshop, with KERS systems harnessing surplus kinetic energy which loops back into the main generator supply.
Rainwater collection reservoir beneath PV panels, feeding
the
phytoremediation
gardens.
Surplus
During cold seasons, the gardens act as a means of regulating the internal temperature by use of the large glazed areas, heating air which passes through on its way to being deposited in the main blocks.
wastewater is recirculated and screened as well as used to supply the algae facade system.
A small scale algae bio-fuel station will work alongside the university, in order to provide commercial motivation for research into new generation bio-energy fuel.
The
Corten
steel
salvaged
from
the
buildings
faรงade will then be used to create fireproof Biofuel transesterification tanks as well as the cladding for the new Biofuel filling station.
The algae facade system not only provides a sustainable source of natural bio-fuel but also acts as a solar shade, maximising sunlight on to the algae panels while minimizing surplus solar radiation, maintaining a comfortable internal climate.
Phytoremediation Garden
Algae Facade System
Leeds: Enterprise City of the Future
Programme Three: Zero Carbon Campus Masterplan
Zero Carbon Campus
The Brief With over 40,000 students, Leeds Metropolitan University is the 15th
largest in the UK. With its ‘low-charging, high impact strategy’ it is ranked number
1 in the UK Green League for Higher Education. However, with less than 1% of energy produced on site, an enormous amount of waste produced, and a building stock with very few
ecologically driven design aspects, there is still plenty to do…
Having determined the resource
flows, energy consumption and occupational patterns for individual faculties, these now will be tied into a larger scale Masterplan. Closing the loops for each individual School by communicating with the other groups. Hence using the design solutions already produced, to redesign the University Campus’ creating one cohesive system.
Prog 3 : Zero Carbon Campus Masterplan Current Issues : Address and Resolve Masterplan : Headingley & City Campus Creating The Link : High Rise Tram System Closing The Loop : Outputs Become Inputs The Overall Scheme : A Carbon Zero Enterprise City
Crash Test’s Stand at The Climate Cafe - 5th March 2013
The Zero Carbon Campus Masterplan for Leeds Met Provokes Interest at Climate Week
The Morning Shift Team: Aimee Major, Claire Burrell, Charlotte Haughton & Paul Hansell
Current Issues
Accommodation Demand
Consumption & Waste
Current CO2 Reduction in UK over the Past Year
Accommodation Demand
200m
73Kg
Any Job Please
15.5M Kg 2007 2012
Bradford 5,539 kg
Dream Job
1,000 Students 345% Leeds
There is an ever increasing demand for student accommodation within close proximity of the faculty buildings, with an increase of 345% over the last 5 years.
Accommodation Prices
Current CO2 Emissions
The percentage of recent graduates, employed in lower skilled jobs has increased from around 26% in 2001, to around 36% in 2011.
Current Average Annual Energy Use per Faculty
Leicester 5,565 kg
Sunderland 5,504 kg
Birmingham 5,424 kg London 5,318kg 5,333 kg
Each individual produces its own body weight in waste per year. As a whole the University is currently producing 15.5m Kg of waste per year.
Reading 6,189 kg
Nottingham 5,424 kg
Leeds is currently 7th in position of cities who have currently reduced their CO2 emissions.
Congestion
Current Annual Energy Use for All Faculties
2012
£115 p/w
25,482 Tons CO2
25,482 Tons CO2
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£90 p/w
With the cheapest student residences being those in areas residing outside of the University campus zones, 48% of students say they cannot afford to live closer to their university.
The University as a whole currently emits the same amount of CO2 as 4080 family sized houses, totalling at 25,482 Tons per year.
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The average Energy use for the faculties across both campus’ works out at 1,415,683 kwh per year.
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The average Energy use for the collection of all faculties works out at 8494100 kwh per year, none of which is produced from renewable sources.
Rush Hour
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Leeds is currently the most highly congested city in the UK, with figures rising 5% between 2011 and 2012. This results in commuters being delayed an extra 36 minutes for every hours driving during rush hour.
The Proposal
The Faculties
- A Zero Carbon Campus with low emissions and closed loop systems for inputs and outputs. - Providing a High Rise Tram, Creating a connected city for students, proffessionals and the public. - Designing new University owned accommodation, which is affordable and linked to Students everyday needs during and after their degree. - Proposing an Enterprise City, Providing students with a good education to increase their employability after study, encouraging a mix of students and professionals to work together creating Leeds Met enterprise.
Sports The sports proposal involves creating a green atrium in order to monitor and control humidity, creating a comfort zone within the buildings as well as a new responsive facade system which modifies internal environment making the spaces useable in all seasons and conditions.
Computing The proposal includes a rainwater harvesting system, a solar array installed on the South facade which responds to differing solar conditions and the introduction of an atrium to the East wing aiding in passive ventilation
Art, Architecture & Design The design is based around a modular cladding extension which replaces the Corten steel with vertically grown algae pods feeding an on site Bio-fuel production line, as well as two phytoremediation gardens which, creating a sheltered courtyard space, provides a means of passively ventilating the faculty buildings and works as a natural method for cleaning rain and grey water.
Film, Music & Performing Arts The proposal reestablishes the existing facultys into the broadcasting place campus, reducing outgoing costs and enhancing educational spaces by installing a digital facade, bringing the separate work-spaces into one encompassing site and promoting Leeds Metropolitans growing performing arts faculty.
Health & Wellbeing The proposal provides a comfortable environment inside both Portland Building and Queens Square House, improving circulation, ventilation and shading systems by installing solar panels, a double skin facade, rainwater harvesting system and a plasma gasification system.
Business & Law The business and law proposal involves using a digital campus to eliminate paper wastage and optimising room space through a digital faculty system. Additional features include a solar array and the opportunity for usage of the now vacant Rosebowl space.
Enterprise City Masterplan
1. Headingley Campus
Terminus Node Tram Line Pedestrian Zone Green Link Bridged Link Tram Stop
Train Station Leeds Met Buildings Sports Computing & Creative Tech Art, Architecture & Design Film, Music & Performing Arts
Health & Well Being Business Public Connections
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2. City Campus 2. City Campus
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3. Leeds Train Station
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3. Leeds Train Station
High Rise Tram Map
Hyde Park Corner
Carnegie Cricket Ground
Becketts Park
Spring Bank
Headingley Stadium
Sports Computing
Headingley Train Station
Woodhouse Moor
Leeds College of Art Performance Building
Woodhouse Car Park
P Queen Square House
Broadcasting Place
Parkinson Steps
Leeds Met Central
Rosebowl Cloth Hall
Leeds Train Station Queens Hotel
Closed Loop System
Sports
Computing
Art, Architecture & Design
The Proposed Closed Loop System of the Zero Carbon Campus means that some faculty’s outputs become inputs for other faculties. Any general waste which cannot be recycled or re-used in other faculties will be Bio-Chemically Converted into Energy using the Plasmagasification System.
Grey Water Recycling Kinetic Energy Generation Heat Generation Inks Generated into Fertiliser
Paper Recycled (Short Term) New Technology Methods (long term) Inks Generated into Fertiliser
Paper Recycled (Short Term) New Technology (long term) Inks Generated into Fertiliser
Power Water
Film, Music & Performing Arts
Health & Wellbeing
Business & Law
Fuel Paper Income Repairs Fabrics Materials Chemical Substances New Technology Music Equipment Photography Equipment Recording Equipment Public Transport Accommodation Sports Equipment Inks Test Subjects Recycled Inks Food & Drink Long Distance Transport
Recycled Fabrics Recycled Workshop Materials Paper Recycled Biofuels Generated for Transport
Equipment Restored In-house Equipment Donated to Local Schools / Charities or Sold Back to Manufacturer
General Waste Absorbed & BioChemically Converted into Energy Steam Generation Biofuels Generated for Transport
Public Train Negative Sound Education Recycled Paper Bio-Fuels Machinery Printers Computer Tech Heating / Cooling Sterilised Lab Equipment Slag Negative Chemicals Heat Steam Plastics (Oil based Products)
Typical Floor Plans & Section @ 1:200
Typical Work Level Typical Residential Level
Meeting Room
1 Bed Duplex
Kitchen / Break Room Open Plan Offices Small Office / Meeting Area
3 Bed Duplex
4 Bed Duplex
Typical Library Level Transport Level
Group Meeting Room Work Stations Book Shelves Public Garden Escalators & Stairs to Ground
Stairs to All Levels Commercial Units Lifts to All Levels
Headingley Campus Terminus Hub
City Campus Scheme
Woodhouse Lane Pedestrian Zone
Thyssen Krupp Quarter Q1
Programme Four: Facade Precedent Study
Adaptive Solar Facade
The Brief
When compared, human and building skins perform a series of identical roles, yet there are vast differences. Human skin is a complex membrane holding the body
together. A multipurpose, multilayered organ covered in millions of receptors enabling response to small environmental alterations so the body’s optimal internal
state is maintained. Very few contemporary building façades display any of the intricacies human skin has evolved. They offer little more than a barrier between inside and out. To attain the goals required to halt global climate change, future building skin design must improve in every aspect.
Prog 4 : Facade Precedent Study Introduction: The Thyssen Krupp Headquarters Building The Facade: Functionality of the Facade System Constructability: Technical Drawings Environmental Strategy: Benefits of the Facade Model Study: The Working Model
By studying a built precedent and replicating it’s function through building a physical model, the brief provokes thought about how we can adapt our building designs to work as efficiently in their environment as possible. In groups of two, we decided to study the Thyssen Krupp Headquarter building in Essen, Germany.
The Q1 Building
The 54 metre high ‘Q1’ form with its expressive shape, is the heart of the new Thyssen Krupp campus in Essen, Germany. The Q1 building features a world-first shading system whose external horizontal stainless steel slats shape the character of the building.
The Scheme
The client’s expectation was that the architects made the essence of its brand visible: transparency, innovation and far ranging versatility.
There are two main elements of the facade: the glass mullionless curtain walls in the centre of the elevation and the sunshades at the external office areas.
The concept for the sunshades was to create a vertical fin made of horizontal cantilevered slats that are connected to a central stud, similar to vertebrae in a spine. The cantilevered fins at each side of the stud can twist independently, as arms that rotate from widely open to parallel and intertwinned.
The sunshade elements have been manufactured by ThyssenKrupp Nirosta, using a chromium nickelmolybdenum stainless steel with high corrosion resistance.
South Elevation @ 1:200
The Facade System
South Elevation Sunshade System @ 1:100
Facade System in Action
Angles of Actuation
Daily Rotation
Closed 90ยบ
Half-way 45ยบ
Open 0ยบ
Morning Position
Noon Position
Evening Position
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Seasonal Rotation Winter Position
Equinox Position
Summer Position
Detail Section @ 1:20 Structural Column
Motorised Steel Shading System
Steel Strut Support
Detail Plan @ 1:50
Steel Horizontal Shading Blades Limitation of Rotation Pressed Aluminium Gutter
Rear Ventilated Curtain Wall System Structural Casing
Shading Steel Frame System
Steel Shading Frame Connection to Structural System Curtain Wall System Triple Glazed Window Unit
Limitation of Window Opening
Ventilation Threshold
Floor Finish
Profiled Tray Floor System
Steel Structural Beam
Steel Connection Threshold Steel Flange Connection to Floor construction
Rotary Blade Shading System Pivot
Exploded Axonometric of One Element
Various Angles
Open 0ยบ Rotary Spacer Connection
Aluminium Bracket Sleeve
Aluminium Support Beam 30ยบ
60ยบ
Pressed Aluminium Blade
Closed 90ยบ Aluminium Bracket Sleeve
Connection Strut
Environmental Strategy
The Q1 building’s flexible facade layer is made of
Section 1:200
400,000 stainless steel fins. This system aims to make air conditioning redundant with the use of a weather station on the roof which sends signals to a computer that steers the rotation of the facade slats. The facade provides a screen that reduces solar gains when there is direct solar radiation but lets daylight in when there isn’t. The fins twist to achieve an adjustable position. 0º - parallel to the facade: total direct radiation blocking. 90º - perpendicular to the facade: maximum daylight penetration. The central atrium area allows passive ventillation through the various spaces. The boulevard is formed by 68 varied species of trees, which help improve the quality of the air ventillated through the building.
CO2
O2
Physical Model in Wood @ 1:50
South Elevation View Looking Up
South Elevation View From Above
Physical Model in Wood @ 1:50
South Elevation Meets East Elevation Section View
South Elevation Front View
Physical Model in Steel @ 1:2
Working Model: Midday, Spring - Fins Partially Open
Working Model: Midday, Winter - Fins Open
Physical Model in Steel @ 1:2
Connection Strut
Rotary Spacer Connection
Working Model: Moving Parts for Daily Actuation
Pressed Aluminium Blade
Working Model: Moving Parts for Seasonal Actuation
Physical Model in Steel @ 1:2
Working Model: Daily Movement
Working Model: Seasonal Movement
Scan QR Code for Full Stop Motion Video
Resilient Adaptive Dwellings:
Programme Five: Resilient Adaptive Holiday Homes (RAHHs)
Reconnecting with our coastlines Phase 1: Birkenhead Peninsula
The Brief
Saturated ground around the country, and high river and groundwater levels from the wet summer, will mean that much less rainfall than usual is needed to top up water levels and cause severe flooding. One in six homes is at some risk of flooding. As the effects of global warming continue, this issue will only increase in severity.
According to the Environment Agency, the UK must brace itself for a high likelihood of winter floods.
dynamic design you learnt through your faรงade case study, and implement it along with a technological understanding to develop a proposal for flood resistant housing on the Wirral Estuary. The proposal could either be a model for future deliverance at a number The aim of the brief was to take the information regarding
of sites, or or an exemplar for site specific design.
Prog 5 : Resilient Residences
Flooding Issues: Current and Future Threats to the Mersey Estuary The Site: New Brighton, Wallasey Precedents & Sketches: Initial Inspiration and Ideas Distribution / Re-distribution: Flexibility of Modules & Facade Technical Drawings: Plans / Sections / Axos The Scheme Comes to Life: Wallasey Promenade
Mersey Estuary Aerial 1976
Present & Future Flood Risk for Mersey Estuary
Flood Map 2012
Flood Map 2050
The Mersey Estuary experiences varying severity in flooding, which is becoming more disastrous each year. The Map
The map above shows the result of sea levels continuing to rise at the current rate, without any intervention. Resulting
above shows how areas are currently affected, with Birkenhead, Ellesmere and Warrington being the worst effected.
in the surrounding land of the Mersey Estuary becoming underwater. One of the worst affected areas is Wallasey, at the most Northern tip of Birkenhead Peninsula which will be the initial test bed for the Sea-side retreats.
The Site
Location: New Brighton, Wallasey. Wallasey is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England, on the mouth of the River Mersey, at the northeastern corner of the Wirral Peninsula. New Brighton was a popular seaside resort after the mid-19th century, but declined in popularity after the 1950s. Nevertheless, the marine promenade is part of a popular walk and the areas near the sea offer a much improved beach and many leisure activities.
Aerial View of New Brighton Pier 1946
The introduction of a new flood defence system of wall mounted holiday homes will renew the seaside resort to its former glory and attraction as a tourist resort. Wallasey Liverpool
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View of New Brighton Promenade 1948 Birkenhead Warrington Widnes
Runcorn
View from Promenade looking North East
Ellesmere Port
View from Promenade looking South West
Chester
New Brighton Lighthouse
Wallasey District and Surrounding Areas
Local Information
Visitors in 2012 to Tourist Attractions
Overview
Day Visitors - 6 Million
Staying Visitors - 750,000
£
District Centre
Site
Mersey Ferries
Lady Lever Art Gallery
609,845
188,000
New Palace Amusement Centre
Port Sunlight Museum
140,000
35,178
Tam O’Shanter Urban Farm 108,000
Ness Botanic Gardens
Economic Impact - £289 Million
Visitor Economy - 7.2%
Local Centre Rail Stations Key Regeneration Projects Green Space Employment Area
101,701
Tranmere Rovers FC - 117,991 Visitors
Precedents & Inspiration
The Inhabited Wall Repetetive modular system along a barrier wall. This idea will be manifested into a Sea Defence Wall which acts as an anchor for the modular sea-side housing which is able to rise and fall with the tide.
Geotube - Faulders Studio
Honeycomb Structure
A facade which emerges from the collection of salt crystals as salt water is passed through the system. An adapted facade system will incorporate this theme by collecting the salt water which is sprayed onto the housing by the strong South Westerly winds. The facades will be removable and replaceable so that the salt collected can be used in local industries.
Honeycomb structures allow minimisation of the amount of used material, to reach minimal weight and minimal material cost. The Modular Shape also allows for easy re-configuration.
Sketched Ideas
Solving Natural Lighting With the site receiving limited natural lighting due to its orientation, a form which consists of several facades will benefit more than that of a box shape.
Add / Remove, Stack, Brace, Module, Permeable to Light
South Light can be received from a small opening and reflect off of the surfaces creating a more naturally lit space.
A Modular System A hexagon shape allows multiple modular configurations to suit the needs of specific residents. The more modules attached, the more facades produced meaning natural light will enter spaces at any point during the day.
The Honeycomb Structure allows for a strong but lightweight frame, which can be easily reconfigured to suit the residents needs.
Sea Breeze Regardless of wind direction, spaces can be naturall ventilated at all times. A spiral stair core allows stack ventilation throughout all floors.
Grid System Modular Honeycomb System Allows for modules to be connected / stacked / added / removed.
Having six points of connectivity and a central node means a sturdy structure which evenly distributes loads throughout all levels
Continuouse Loop Systems
Facade Replacement System
Cycle of Distribution and Relocation
Salt RAHHs are loaded
RAHHs
back onto lorry or ship
either by lorry or ship to site.
are
transported
and relocated.
crystals
are
removed and used in industry, panels are re-
Facade
distributed.
distributed to site.
Panels
are
Once the panels are covered in RAHHs are craned out
RAHHs are craned into
salt crystals, they are detached and
of position ready for re-
place on the defence wall.
taken to local industries.
location.
Panels
are
craned
position on each RAHH.
into
Dynamic Facade System
Emergent Facade - Salt Accumulation Facade Fully Closed
First Month
Exploded Isometric of Facade Panel
Runner Mechanism - Allows Dynamic Frame to Move Vertically
Aluminium Dynamic Frame - Set on Runners for Vertical Movement along Fixed Frame
Runner Mechanism - Allows Facade Panels to Move Horizontally alonf Dynamic Frame
Connection Node - Allows Panels to be Removed / Replaced with ease
Facade Half-way Open
Fourth Month
Facade Panel Aluminium Frame
Facade Panel Salt Collecting Mesh
Facade Fully Open
Eighth Month
Aluminium Hinge - Allows Open / Close Mechanism of Facade Panels
Runner Mechanism - Allows Dynamic Frame to Move Vertically
Site Plan @ 1:2000
N
Level -1 Floor Plan @ 1:100
B
1. Hollow Concrete Precast Hull 2. Bedroom Three 3. Study 4. Bathroom 2
5. Storage 6. Concrete Sea Wall A
A 1
1
3 5
4
6
B
Level 0 Floor Plan @ 1:100
7. Living Area 8. Dining Area 9. Kitchen 10. Private Garden Area (Modular Connection allows addition of extra modules which can be joined to a neighbour for communal space.
7
11. Promenade allows access to Holiday Homes
10
8
9
11
Level 1 Floor Plan @ 1:100
Level 2 Floor Plan @ 1:100
12. Void for Double Height Space
15. Bedroom One
13. Bathroom
16. Roof Garden
14. Bedroom Two
12
16 14
15 13
Roof Plan @ 1:100
Exploded Axonometric @ 1:200
Staircase is Glazed at Highest Point to Create a Lightwell
Private Roof Garden
Pre-fabricated Modular Wall System Adaptable Facade Railing System. Allows user to move facade for shading where needed
100% Recyclable Zinc Profile Roof
Lightweight Concrete Walkway Aluminium Salt Collecting Mesh Aluminium Facade Frame
Pre-Fabricated Spiral Staircase Structure Structural Column Supports Floor Above ‘Beach’ Module
Lightweight ‘C Shaped’ Concrete Structure sits on top of Solid Concrete Wall. Can move vertically with the rising sea tide
Private Beach Module
Hollow Concrete Buoyancy Hull
Lightweight Concrete Columns anchor walkway in place but allows vertical movement Solid Concrete Sea Wall
Exploded Axonometrics
Construction Sequence @ 1:200
Components @ 1:50
Salt Collection Facade Panel set on a Runner System Glazing System in Roof Structure acts as a Roof Light
Pre-fabricated Timber Roof Structure, Zinc Clad, with Horizontal Receivers of the Wall Panels
Pre-fabricated Portal Window System 1000mm x 1200mm
Pre-fabricated Sliding Door System - 3200mm x 2300mm Pre-fabricated Timber Floor System - Horizontal Receivers of the Wall Panels
Vertical Structural Supports Receivers of the Wall panels
Pre-fabricated Panoramic Window System - 3200mm x 1200mm
Pre-cast Hollow Concrete Hull Pre-fabricated Wall Panel - 3200mm x 400mm
Section AA @ 1:100
Section BB @ 1:100