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C O N T E N T PART A. EOI I: CASE FOR INNOVATION 05
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A.1. ARCHITECTURE
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A.2. COMPUTATIONAL
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A.3. PARAMETRIC
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A.4. ALGORITHMIC
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A.5. C
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A.6. LEARNING
PART
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B.1. DESIGN
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B.2. CASE
STUDY
1.0
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B.3. CASE
STUDY
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B.4. TECHNIQUE:
DEVELOPMENT
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B.5. TECHNIQUE:
PROTOTYPE
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B.6. TECHNIQUE
PROPOSAL
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B.7. ALGORITHMIC
SKETCHES
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B.8. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
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PART
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PROJECT
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C.1. GATEWAY
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C.2. GATEWAY PROJECT: TECTONIC ELEMENTS
71 C.3. GATEWAY
PROJECT:
PROPOSAL
PROJECT:
DESIGN
FINAL
CONCEPT
MODEL
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C.4. ALGORITHMIC
SKETCHES
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C.5. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
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PART A. EOI I: CASE OF INNOVATION
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GRACE QI-YUN HONG
Hi, I'm Grace QiYun Hong, I’m a third yr student majoring architecture. I was born in China and grew up in Melbourne. I did Virtual when I was in my first year of uni, and I did struggle a bit with the software - Rhinoceros at the start, but later during the semester I managed to
produce a model. However my skill with Rhino is still very limited, so I'm looking forward to have a chance to improve. I’m in group no.3 for my reading group. I’m looking forward to gain a better knowledge about generating patterns using Grasshopper.
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A.1.
A R C H I T E C T U R E AS A DISCOURSE
According to Richard Williams, he defined the discourse of architecture as ‘the most public of the arts’1. It is considered as a daily basis for anyone living in the urban society; however architecture does not only act as shelter to us, but also become a form of art and eye catching decorative features along the roads. It would be unfair to frame architecture as pieces of art work; it would limit the possibilities for architecture in relation with the change of urban surroundings. Architecture should act as a signature, landmark regardless of the site; it is expected that
1 - Richard Williams, ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), pp. 102 - 116. PAGE 6
architecture should be revolutionary and challenge the existing theory about architecture. Architecture is complicated; indeed it is the complexity within the architecture allows the community to have various theories and criticisms about the building, thus allow the building to be standing there unchanged throughout the changing era. It also provides the users or to anyone who encounter with the building a daily experience and visual impact of a unique expression of creativity; moreover strengthens the engagement of architecture with the urban context, as
well as with the users. Regarding architecture as a discourse, complex architecture designs can be achieved via computation by combining complicated ideas together using simple methods. The patterns and structures generated by computation involves in the cutting edge discourse of architecture. Now days, we can apply either well – organised or asymmetrical patterns onto the structure surface to generate a complicated looking architecture using computation designing tools which provide eye catching effects to the urban environment.
The Wyndham City Council is looking for an innovative design which creates a shared experience for residence or anyone who encounter with the site. The speed of movement on the freeway would be an important aspect to be considering about, therefore it would be substantial to create an ‘exciting, eye catching installation’2 at Wyndham’s Western Gateway. The complexity of repetitive patterns would enhance the experience of speed on the freeway site, thus accelerating the users into the realm of Wyndham.
2 - Wyndham City, Wyndham City Design Project, ‘WESTERN GATEWAY DESIGN PROJECT’, 2011. PAGE 7
P R E C E D E N T OF INNOVATION WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL
FIG. 2 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL 3
FIG. 1 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL 3
The Walt Disney Concert Hall located in California is one of the best buildings designed by Frank Gehry. This complex formed project leads the modern architecture to a form of art.
The precedent breaks the rules of harmony and symmetry with the asymmetrical sculptural shape and curvature. Just like most of Gehry’s work, the Con-
cert Hall is constructed with a few straight lines and perpendicular walls; however this adds a sense of complexity to the design. Instead of simply been a concert hall, Gehry designed the building with enormously complicated structure for the visitors to experience an intricate journey through the building. The project was covered with unique formed corrugated steel sheets; there are no
3 - WALT DISNEY CONCER HALL, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, 2011, <http://www.strangebuildings. thegrumpyoldlimey.com/2011/08/walt-disney-concert-hall-losangeles-ca.html>, [accessed 5/6/2013]
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FIG. 4 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL -INTERIOR 3
FIG. 3 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL - SITE PLAN 4
two same shaped steel sheets were used, each piece takes a unique form of agreement to their location. The smooth reflective steel sheets of which the building was constructed allow the building to standout and highlight its surrounding environment. 3 The Walt Disney Concert Hall is considered as a style of deconstrictivism. The interest-
ing use of material and the overall structure is a masterpiece of complicity architecture art. Gehry achieved a structure that no earlier architects would have ever reached. The interior space was designed with evocative sculptural form of music, achieving an intimate connection between the orchestra and audience by finishing the walls and floors
FIG. 5 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL3
with Douglas – Fir and Oak floorings. The interior finishing is highly praised for its acoustics quality. Esa – Pekka Salonen – music director stated ‘everyone can now hear what the L.A. Phil is supposed to sound like’4. Until today, the Walt Disney Concert Hall is still used for holding concert performances; the complexity structure of the Hall is exactly what
3 - WALT DISNEY CONCER HALL, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, 2011, <http://www.strangebuildings. thegrumpyoldlimey.com/2011/08/walt-disney-concert-hall-losangeles-ca.html>, [accessed 5/6/2013] 4 - WALT DISNEY CONCER HALL, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, 2011, <http://www.strangebuildings. thegrumpyoldlimey.com/2011/08/walt-disney-concert-hall-losangeles-ca.html>, [accessed 5/6/2013] PAGE 9
FIG. 7 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL3
FIG. 6 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL - PERSPECTIVE 4
Gehry wants to achieve to create a strong visual effect and involves in the cutting edge discourse of architecture. From the precedent of Walt Disney Concert Hall, the sense of complicity by using repetitive patterns and curvature would act as the main factors throughout the exploration of the architecture. For the Wyndham City Gateway
Project, it would be worth to consider the relationship between the project and the surrounding environment, as well as the experience of journey for anyone who encounters with the site. It would also be important to consider the project as a landmark which creates a strong eye catching effect, as well as a landmark which will highlights the Wyndham City Gateway.
FIG. 8 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL3
FIG. 9 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL3
FIG. 10 WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL3 3 - WALT DISNEY CONCER HALL, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, 2011, <http://www.strangebuildings. thegrumpyoldlimey.com/2011/08/walt-disney-concert-hall-losangeles-ca.html>, [accessed 5/6/2013] 4 - WALT DISNEY CONCER HALL, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, 2011, <http://www.strangebuildings. thegrumpyoldlimey.com/2011/08/walt-disney-concert-hall-losangeles-ca.html>, [accessed 5/6/2013]
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0
DAVINCI
ROTATING
TOWER
The DaVinci Rotating Tower is planned in Dubai, designed by David Fisher is a moving skyscraper 1027 metres in height and with 68 floors.5 The tower provides an ever changing form with its futuristic structure, as each floor of the tower will be able to rotate independently. Around 77 wind turbines will be installed on the building along with solar panels; the tower will produce enough power using natural energy for it to sustain on its FIG. 11 DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER. 5 own. Construction cost architecture becoming of the tower is dramatian output of logic and cally reduced, as 90% that buildings should be of the DaVinci Rotating a result of technology, Tower will be prefabrieconomic and environcated in the factories; ment efficient. The conthis will allow the tower stant rotation of floors to be constructed within not only allows the peo22 month. The building ple within the building is successful in terms of
FIG. 12 DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER. 5
5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; CHETAN, DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER IN DUBAI, http://techandfacts.com/da-vinci-rotatingtower-dubai/, [accessed: 5/6/2013] PAGE 11
to have a 360 degrees dynamic view, but more importantly, it creates an interesting yet complex exterior form; which allow the tower to successfully becoming the highlight point in Dubai. By using algorithm design, the designers
and engineering would be able to calculate the unknown factors, such as using computation to work out the structures of the tower, speed of rotation and surrounding environment. This project not only is achieving an eye – catching effect in terms of its
scale and structure, but it also involves in cutting edge discourse of architecture, with its self – moving exterior structures establishes that architecture is not only about shelter but more importantly the multidimensional experiences for visitors.
FIG. 13 DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER. 5
5 – CHETAN, DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER IN DUBAI, http://techandfacts.com/da-vinci-rotatingtower-dubai/, [accessed: 5/6/2013]
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material and tectonics.
A.2.
C O M P U TAT I O N AL ARCHITECTURE In the last decades, computer technology had become an important tool in our design process. They fill in what we humans are lacking of, such as never tires or make mistakes; as well as increase the design efficiency. Project with complex pat-
terning in large scale can be designed accurately in a relatively short period compare to the traditional design process. Computational design also allows the architects to create a more accurate visualisation from various perspectives easily in terms of
However computers still cannot overtake humans, as they are lack of creative abilities.6 Architects still need to consider about the factors which the design idea was based, such as the use of material, cost and society etc.. These are the factors which the computers would not be able to decode and transformed them as the input of the algorithmic design. Both computation and architects plays an important role during the design process, both of them is indispensable; architects need to frame the basic criteria of their design project, while computation assisting the architect in making decisions.
6 – Yehuda E.Kalya, Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer – Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2004), pp5 – 25. PAGE 13
M U S E O S O U M AYA FIG. 18 MUSEO SOUMAYA.8 FIG. 17 MUSEO SOUMAYA7
Museo Soumaya – a private museum located in Mexico City, designed by Fernando Romero. This is a building designed with repetitive yet complex FIG. 14 MUSEO SOUMAYA - patterns. A complex 3D UNDER CONSTRUCTION.7 structure were used between the exterior and interior surface of the building; instead of having the same structure support, the design team has come up with a structure which does not have a single repeating structure and adapt to their won local surface condition.7
FIG. 15 MUSEO SOUMAYA UNDER CONSTRUCTION.7
Computation designing methods were used in designing the
surface patterns. The position and the curvature of each repetitive hexagon patterns were directly calculated by computation. Computation provides opportunities to connect design ideas and reality and allow real world factors such as wind force and rotation of sun etc. to shape the final design. Each piece of hexagon is curved differently according to the curvature of the overall structure. In this case, we cannot afford using the traditional linear design process, instead of that we are required a more efficient process – computation.
7 – Designboom: Arhitecutre design art technology, Soumaya Museum by Fernando Romero architects, 2012, http://www.designboom.com/architecture/soumaya-museum-by-fernando-romeroarchitects/, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. 8 - FUTURISTIC NEWS, Museo Soumaya, 2013, Mexico City, http://futuristicnews.com/museosoumaya-mexico-city/, [accessed 07/06/2013]. PAGE 14
A.3.
P A RIC
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M E T MODELLING
‘PARAMETRIC LING REPRESENT –
MODELCHANGE’8
WOODBURY
As the design project become more and more complicated, it assist architect to create designs which considering different important reality factors for the natural environments. Without computers, architect would need a pencil – represent ‘add’ and an eraser – represent ‘erase’ to produce a set of work. However, with the computer architects have the abilities to not only ‘add and erase’ but also to ‘relate and repair’.9 Computer act as a medium for architecture, it allow architect to develop designs that are realistic. Parametric Modelling is a design method
9 – Woodbury, Robert (2010). Elements of Parametric Design (London: Routledge) pp. 7-48
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that can allow constant changing without affecting the original concept. It is also a way of design which creates ‘reliability, speed and clarity’ for the users.9 This method allows architects optimize their design; and it is a way which minimise the errors and improve the design efficiency, at the same time a greater range of potential is explored.
for
decision-making.
However, parametric modelling is very useful for the efficiency of its algorithms and simplicity. It is used for architect to produce efficient work and change their designs easily according to the dynamic environment factors without affecting the nature of them.
There are still limitations about parametric modelling. It requires engagement between computer and the users; external data inputting is required.10 Parametric modelling is only a tool to assist architect
9 – Woodbury, Robert (2010). Elements of Parametric Design (London: Routledge) pp. 7-48 10 – Burry, Mark (2011). Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming (Chickester: Wiley), pp. 8-71 PAGE 16
NORDPARK CABLE RAILWAY
The Nordpark Cable Railway located in Austria was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects.11 The project located on four railway stations lead the visitors from the inner city to the mountain top. The design demonstrates a sense of fluidity which was inspired by the natural phenomena such as glacial moraines and ice
11 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Zaha Hadid Architect, Nordpark Railway Stations, http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/ nordpark-railway-stations/, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. PAGE 17
‘THE RAILEWAY REFLECTS THE CITY’S CONTINUED COMMITMENT TO THE HIGHEST STANDARDS FO ARCHITECTURE AND PUSHES THE BOUNDARIES OF DESIGN AND CONSTRCUTION TECHNOLOGY.’ – ZAHA HADID
movements. The selection of lightweight material for the soft shaped roof which creates a sense of dynamic movement and circulation. Parametric modelling plays an important role in the design process of the Nordpark FIG. 19 NORDPARK CABLE RAILWAY. 11 Cable Railway. In order extreme climates etc. to achieve a smooth are to be translated into curvature inspired by input of the parametric the formation of ice, it modelling design. The is important to considproject was a computer ers the curvature sizes generated design, the FIG. 20 NORDPARK CABLE of the roof to calculate seamless and fluidity RAILWAY. 11 the transferring of the represents Hadid’s most loads and the stability of recent contribution to the structure.. The exterarchitectural discourse. nal environment factors such as wind force and FIG. 21 NORDPARK CABLE RAILWAY. 11 11 – Zaha Hadid Architect, Nordpark Railway Stations, http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/ nordpark-railway-stations/, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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G A L A X Y S O H O
FIG. 22 GALAXY SOHO. 12
FIG. 23 GALAXY SOHO - INTERNAL OPENING. 12
Galaxy Soho located in Beijing, China was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. The building was constructed with a height of 67 metres and with 15 floors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 12 office floors and three retail floors underground.12 The five continuous flowing volumes connected with platforms and bridges reinvent an internal open space
within the Galaxy Soho which allows the visitors to have an intimate experience while they move across the building. Hadid achieved a sense of continuous and fluid movement between the buildings by moving away using rigid blocks. The futuristic curvature of the Galaxy Soho designed with
12 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Zaha Hadid Arhitects, Galaxy Soho, http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/galaxy-soho/, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. PAGE 19
FIG. 24 GALAXY SOHO - INTERNAL OPENING. 12
Parametric modelling, which provide engagement and communication between the building and public. Parametric design allows the architects to optimize the positions of each volume and the spacious result by considering the cur-
vature structure and transferring of loads. The complexity of the space arrangement of the Galaxy Soho highlights the importance role of parametric design.
12 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Zaha Hadid Arhitects, Galaxy Soho, http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/galaxy-soho/, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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A.4.
ALGORITHMIC EXP L O R A T I O N S
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Grasshopper allows me to create repetitive patterning over a curved surface. In this case I’ve used circle as my pattern and spread it over the surface. The Grasshopper then allows me to gain control over the density of the circles by changing the numbers on the sliding bar which is connected to the ‘populate geometry’ component.
FIG. 25
FIG. 26
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A.5.
C O N C L U S I O N
Architecture should provide an exciting journey for its visitors and at the same time act as a streetscape. As the society is changing, in order for architectures to adapt to the changing world, they are required to be revolutionary and advanced. New complex designs, connections and perspective visual results will be developed to keep up with the change. These can be achieved through using computation and parametric designing process, as it involves in the cutting edge discourse of architecture. I would approach my design with the prec-
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edent of Walt Disney Concert Hall, where using repetitive yet complex surface patterns and smooth curvature structures. It would be also important to consider the relationship between the architecture and the surrounding environment, whether if we want our design to emerge or fade into the surrounding context.
decision making and improve our project to produce ‘a new discourse’.13
In order for us to achieve an eye-catching installation for the Wyndham Gateway Project, it would be a good idea to introduce computation and parametric design into the project. It can assist us with the
13 – Wyndham City Council, Gateway Competition Document, Western Gateway Design Project, 2011. PAGE 24
A.6.
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
After reading the readers weekly, my understanding about architecture has changed from thinking them only as a shelter to a signature and streetscape. I also gained knowledge about the computation and parametric design process. I usually design with hand sketches, but after knowing the advantages of the parametric design Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m looking forward to learn how to design with that and will definitely apply it to my project.
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PART B. EOI II: DESIGN APPROACH
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B.1.
DESIGN
Our group is interested in Tessellation, especially in the complexity of repetitive patterns and interconnections between individual elements.
FOCUS
We like to
would achieve:
1. Effect of dynamic movement â&#x20AC;&#x201C; repeating patterns yet create the feeling of movements across the overall structure. 2. A s y m m e t r i cal shapes based regular grids.
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FIG. 27 WYNDHAM SITE.14
Using this technique our group is aiming to create movement across our structure enhancing the experience of speed on a freeway site, thus accelerating the user into the realm of Wyndham.
14 - Wyndham City Council, Gateway Competition Document, Western Gateway Design Project, 2011, LMS, http://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_5_1&ur l=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_262336, [ACCESSED: 07/06/2013]. PAGE 28
B.2.
CASE
STUDY
1.0
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FIG. 29 VOLTADOM. 15
V O L T A DOM - SKYLAR TIBBITS
FIG. 28 VOLTADOM. 15
The VoltaDom founded by Skylar Tibbits was designed to celebrate MIT’s 150th Anniversary. It is a passage way built between buildings on MIT campus. The vaults provide curves within curves which create an elegant, airy and intriguing feeling for the visitors as they make their journey through the project as well as from the outside. The project creates different contrasting experiences for the visitors. The design seems to be complicated and
messy if viewed from outside; but once the visitor enter the passage, the vaults are positioned neatly in order. The VoltaDom project is an innovative fabrication technique that creates complex double curved vaults construction. This is one of the successful projects that are designed with computation designs. The ‘Meshsplit’ component was used in the VoltaDom design process, as it is used to trim off the intersecting parts when creating the vaults.
15 - SJET, VOLTADOM, http://www.sjet.us/MIT_VOLTADOM.html, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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As I generate geometries, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m looking for those have interesting structures and connections.
M A T R I X A N A LY S I S
Random grids are generated on a flat surface for patterns to be formed. I find that repetitive patterns generated by the random grids are more interesting and complicated, which would be something I can apply in the later project develop.
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B.3.
CASE
STUDY
2.0
We are interested in Haresh Lalvani’s work, so we used his work as our precedent to explore tessellation. Our aim is to adopt Haresh Lalvani’s design concept – which is change the overall structure shape without stretch the patterns by applying an external force. Lalvani’s work lies at the intersection of art and nature, he achieved his design by “looking at the nature as the prime source…” – TedxBrooklyn.16 He often laser cut the material to create gaps between patterns to allow twist and turn to change the overall structure, and pushing the limit. He also applied
16 – TEDXbROOKLYN – Haresh Lavani, 2011, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nir9fXCJX08, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. PAGE 33
FIG. 30 LAVANI.17
natural force to scrip the structure, such as tension. Lalvani mainly uses metal as material, as this is not too soft and will withstand the forces without collapsing. We want to adopt Lalvaniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design concept of creating gaps between patterns to allow the structure to be changed and flow accordingly,
as well as imitate his Algorithm thinking to generate same shaped repeating patterns. We also tried to manipulate Lalvaniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s idea of applying an external natural force to shape the structure without changing the patterns on the surface; in order for us to achieve this, we used Kangaroo plugin to stimulate the natural force. FIG. 31 LAVANI.17
17 - LAVANI STUDIO, sculpture, architecture, design, morphogenomics, 2013, http://www.lalvanistudio.com/sculpture/gallery/, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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M A T R I X A N A LY S I S
We concentrated on the form finding methods by trying to generate different form using Kangaroo plugin. We added external force on to the surface randomly. We realised that the grids are fixed, so there is a limitation in the direction of the force can be applied. Some unexpected patterns were formed as the original grid patterns were stretched by the external force. As a result, we think we can look for other opportunities on pattern developing.
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B.4.
TECHNIQUE: DEV E L O P M E N T
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We’ve generate different patterns using Grasshopper. We can localise them by using ‘Tree’ and ‘List’ components to allow a greater range of possibilities. We’ve finally decided on to use the Voronoi geometry. We started with setting up a grid using Voronoi geometry to generate asymmetry grids; the benefit to set
certain grid is that even the grid is irregular, we can still find the centre point for our pattern and the patterns also aligned along tn rows. The Voronoi that we chose are modular but not repetitive. The subtle change in shape full fills our original aim to create a sense of dynamic movement and delicacy across the structure.
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FORM
FINDING
For our Wyndham project, we want to achieve repetitive patterns to articulate form and by changing the patterns we want to create a sense of dynamic movement fluidity across the structure. On top of this, we also want our project to act as a medium between the city and country area, but at the same time allow people to notice and understand the two contrasting environment. In order for us to achieve this argument, we created an overall flowing, smooth and twisted structure by loft two circle perpendicular to each other along
x and y axis. Each circle represent urban and country environment. By lofting them together, we want to show that the two environments had linked together and the twisted structure emphasis the contrasting surroundings. Then we mesh trimmed part of the shape out, so we can generate a more
suitable structure to emphasis the connections between the two contrasting aspects. By producing such eye catching and sharp contrasting shape, we want people to notice the difference easily while they drive pass on a high speed, as well as highlight the whole rural area of Wyndham.
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C R E A T E S U R F A C E
SET
GRIDS
C R E A T E
PROJECT ON 3D SURFACE
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B.5.
TECHNIQUE: DEV E L O P M E N T
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We’ve tried various ways to connect each pattern on the structure. At first we’ve thought about connecting our structure with Waffle Connection. But we’ve realised that using Waffle would give us a sense of roughness and heaviness – this is something we are trying to avoid since the very start of our project. We’ve also tried tabs as our connection, but the result didn’t turn out to be the way we like. As well as Lalvani’s design concept, we’ve also explored into the precedent of ‘Strip Morphology’ by Achim Menges – where he used three steel plates joining the modular together and generate patterns,
FIG. 32
FIG. 33
FIG. 34 STRIP MORPHOLOGY. 17
FIG. 35 STRIP MORPHOLOGY. 17
which allow the connections between struc tures to be strengthened. Finally, we’ve decided to use the ‘Strip Morphology’ concept, as it full fills our original aim of creating a
delicate structure with a sense of dynamic movement across the structure. The whole structure will be constructed with thin steel panels to create a visual impact of lightness.
17 - LAVANI STUDIO, sculpture, architecture, design, morphogenomics, 2013, http://www.lalvanistudio.com/sculpture/gallery/, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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FIG. 36
FIG. 37
FIG. 38
FIG. 39
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After developing the prototype of our model, we come to realisation the difference between an ideal design idea and the reality. We will need to consider various factors such as the capacity our prototype material can be bent. We tried two materials for our prototype, one is polypropylene sheet and the other is ivory card. Both of them did not turn out to be the curvature weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve expected. The polypropylene is too hard to bend, while the ivory card is too soft. In this case, we need to reconsider the overall structure again, possibly to extend the length of the design;
FIG. 40
but more tests will need to be conducted. For us to achieve a perfect and smooth edge, we cut it through laser cutting method. The Voronoi cell patterns were lightly etched, so we can fold the pan-
els by hand to adjust the angles. This allow us to create an elegant and a sense of freedom for our overall structure.
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B.6.
FIG. 41 WELDING STRUCTURE - BEIJING OLYMPIC STADIUM. 18
TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL
FIG. 42 BEIJING OLYMPIC STADIUM. 18
We are considering using the Welding joints as our connections. We’ve looked into the 2008 Beijing Olympic Stadium as one of our precedents. The steel structures form rigid connections and at the same time would allow our overall structure to curve accordingly.
18 - CHINA SUSPENDS WORK ON OLYMPIC ‘BIRD NEST’, 2004, http://wirednewyork.com/forum/ showthread.php?t=3756&page=2, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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B.7.
A L G O R I T H MIC SKETCHES
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3D patterning - Line attract and repel.
Imitating external force using Kangaroo.
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B.8.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
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In conclusion, our group managed to generate a structure that act as a medium between the urban and rural environment, also at the same time creating an eye catching effect to highlight the Wyndham Freeway. In this case, the theoretical research affected our knowledge of architecture very well. For our precedent, the research helped us to adopt Lavalni’s design concept to generate a structure using natural force and apply tension to the surface; although this did not succeed as patterns tend to be stretched when we
change the structure, it is interesting to imitate the natural force on Kangaroo. The Voronoi geometry we used for our final patterning, we started with set ting up grid points, which irregular patterns are formed. Even though the grid points are asymmetrical, we can still find the center point for our patterns and they are arranged in a row.
an elegant form and high rigidity in joints. F e e d b a c k : It is suggested that we need to think more into the realisation of our project, such as a detailed connection drawing or prototype can be produced. We would need to do more research on the connections for our structure for our further development.
Without the theoretical research, we wouldn’t come up with the idea of ‘Strip Morphology’ connection for our structure and knowing how to use computational design, which full fills our intention of
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PART ECT
C. PROJPROPOSAL`
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Feedback from the critic juries suggested that a stronger design concept would be required to make our project more convincing. For us to strengthen our proposal, it is necessary to change our design concept.
C.1.
GATEWAY DESIGN
PROJECT: CONCEPT
As a result weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve taken one step further into the development of our project. We changed our original design approach for our project to be more persuasive to sit on the site. We used the analogy of wind turbulence as our new design approach; which is represented by the flipping opening panels across the structure. Having the analogy of wind turbulence as our starting point; which solidifies our con-
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cept and taking us to the next stage of development. We inserted the formula of the wind turbulence in Grasshopper for us to generate the opening angles for our flipping panels. The methods and efficiency in terms of construction were also important to consider during the development. We generated panels with uniformed angles of openings across our structure. Even the angles are the same; they can still be observed by the visitors with different lights and shades experiences and understandings.
FIG. 43
fast speed movement of city life. However, on the other side of the project â&#x20AC;&#x201C; exiting the city is designed with a curved edge to demonstrate a slower motion in the rural and natural environment. The asymmetrical structure
highlights the difference between the two contexts. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve also increase the length of our overall structure FIG. 43 as to overcome the deformation of curvature for our final model.
If viewed from the top, one side of our project â&#x20AC;&#x201C; going towards the city, is designed to form a relatively straight edge, to emphasise the FIG. 44
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F
M E L B O U R N E
W Y N D H A M
FIG. 45
SITE ANALYSIS The project is acting as a median between Melbourne city and Wyndham city over the distance of the freeway. By any means, it should always be an eye-catching structure and appreciated by everyone. After analysing the direction of traffic along the freeways, we located our project along the
FIG. 46 WYNDHAM SITE. 19
three roads of the Wyndham Freeway â&#x20AC;&#x201C; on Site A. We want our project act as a streetscape and
develop multiple experiences and best viewing result for the drivers either going or leaving the
19 - Wyndham City Council, Gateway Competition Document, Western Gateway Design Project, 2011, LMS, http://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_5_1&ur l=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_262336, [ACCESSED: 07/06/2013]. PAGE 59
City. Our project is 80 metres long and 10 metres in height, with such scale, we are aiming to create strong visual impact and allow the drivers to capture this installation with a fast speed as well as from a distance. Our project will be constructed with steel to provide an elegance and eye-catching effect on site. In order for us to avoid bulky feelings and at the same time have enough strength to support the whole structure; we designed our main structures to be constructed with 250 x 190 hollow rectangular steel columns and steel panels as our flipping panels. The reflective characteristic of the material would definitely become the highlight point of the site.
THE
SITE
DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC ALONG THE FREEWAYS
SITE A - CHOSEN LOCATION FOR THE INSTALLATION
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A S S E M B LY ON SITE Most of our material will be prefabricated, not only because most of our structure elements are unique in shape but also to save labour, cost and time. Before all the structure elements to be assembled, they will be arranged and cut into the right scale before being transported onto the site. The materials can be transported onto the site with trucks and we can access the site using the freeway without affecting the traffic.
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1. In order for us to assemble the main structure together, we will need to construct the footings first; which will be reinforced concrete embedded underground. 2. The bottom hollow rectangular column structure will be assembled in place first by connecting the footings with bolts and steel plates. Then we will construct the structure from bottom to the top. 3. The panels are placed last over the structure; connected using bolts and metal plates.
STEP
ONE
STEP
TWO
STEP
THREE
4. For the purpose of avoid rusting; we would apply a layer of zinc painting as a finishing layer.
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C.2.
GATEWAY TECTONIC
PROJECT: ELEMENTS
For our project, we are mainly focusing on creating a sense of elegance, in term of both material and structures; but at the same time the materials are required to be flexible to bend according to the curvature of our structure. In this case weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve decided to use steel as our material, not only it can be deflected into the curvature we wanted and can undertake strong compression force, but also because the shiny and reflective material texture suits our original aim of creating an eye-catching structure.
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PROTOTYPES F O U N D AT I O N STRUCTURE We’ve tested several connection methods that can be used for our structural connections.
FIG. 47 SHIGERU BAN’S PAPER TOWER. 20
We adopted Shigeru Ban’s Paper Tower connection methods for our final foundation connecting methods.20 The entire load from the structure will be transferred onto the foundation, so it would require a more rigid connection compare to the
other parts of the project. The foundation would be constructed with reinforce concrete which will be embedded underground; and metal plate will be connected with the concrete for the hollow rectangular column structure to be bolted.
20 - DESIGNBOOM, architect, design, art, technology, SHIGERU BAN: PAPER TOWER, 2012, http://www.designboom.com/architecture/shigeru-ban-paper-tower/, [accessed: 07/06/2013].
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STRUCTURE CONNECTION F
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S
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We then developed a few prototypes for our structure connections. First we’ve come up with an idea of bolting the three columns around a circle metal plate. A N A L Y S I S : Soon, we’ve came to realisation that this type of connection is too weak in term of rigidity. The connection between the column and steel plate are too flexible which will be easily bent.
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STRUCTURE CONNECTION S
E
C
O
N
D
Then for our second prototype, we had an idea of having two metal plates with curved edge compressing the three columns which are closely positioned together with bolts. A N A L Y S I S : This type of connection is strong in term of rigidity, but considering about the economic use of material and efficient nesting â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this would not be preferred; and most importantly this type of connection wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow our overall structure to be curved accordingly.
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STRUCTURE CONNECTION T
H
I
R
D
For our third prototype, weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve tried finger joints as our connecting methods. The result turned out very neat, stable and elegant. A N A L Y S I S : However our group are not satisfied with this type of joint, as we think the finger joints are too simple for our project connection. So our group decided to look for more possibilities.
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STRUCTURE CONNECTION F
O
R
T
H
We adopted the concept from 2008 Beijing Olympic Stadium and developed a welded structure as one of our prototype. This type of connection has a high strength to support the structure, as well as efficiency in construction. A N A L Y S I S : Nevertheless, it is expensive to be built and the change form of steel during extreme climate would also be a problem, as there are no gapes in between the joints for the material to either expand or shrink.
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STRUCTURE CONNECTION F
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FINAL
CONNECTION
Finally weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve developed a connection adopting the concept of Strip Morphology as our final structure connection. The bending metal strips connecting the three columns together is undertaking a compression force which creating enough strength to support the whole structure. A N A L Y S I S : This type of connection uses less material compare to the two prototypes we developed before and most importantly the strip metal connection provide a sense of elegance.
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C.3.
GATE ECT:
WAY FINAL
PROJMODEL
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C
B
D
A
A
B
C
D
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A is the North elevation of the project. This can be viewed while driving towards the city from a distance or drive pass while exiting the city. The fluidity of the surface curvature creates a continuous dynamic flowing effect for the visitors at the same time the visitors would be able to experience light and shadows created by the openings.
C is the south elevation of the design. It can be experienced while driving passes the project towards the city. Visitors would be able to experience the light and shadows created by the openings. D is the west elevation of the project; it can be viewed by the drivers who are exiting the city.
B is the east elevation. This can be viewed while people driving towards the city, the flipping panels can be captured by the visitors easily and create a sense of elegance.
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C.4.
ALGORITHMIC EXP L O R A T I O N S
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I made the panels on my structure open on the angle I wanted. It took a while for me to work out how to do so, as it wasn’t working before because I didn’t realise the ‘item’ that I selected were curved lines. As a result I need to add the ‘line’ component as a mediator between the curved line and rotation component for the panels to rotate accordingly.
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C.5.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
Overall, we’ve achieved an eye – catching design project for the Wyndham Gateway Project. In term of our final proposal, sense of elegance successfully acts as our focusing point, it act as an important mediates and enables complexity. We believe our project can create a shared experience for the visitors, also strengthen the image of community by turning our project into Wyndham city land mark. The weekly readings and each week’s journal allow me to gain a better understanding as well as put more thoughts into the benefits of using computation and parametric designs during design
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process. Both the readings and actually designing a project using the soft-wares changed my view on computation and parametric designs. Even at the start of this project I didn’t really enjoy design projects using computers; but after I started to learn more about how to use the software, I can see the advantage of the computation and parametric design methods straight away. It’s efficiency – less time are needed compare to hand sketch drawings; it’s reliable – less error will be made during the process; and most importantly it assist the designer to produce a design that is realistic, such as calculate the load bearing
capacity and curvature of the overall form etc.. Computational design shortens the distance between the architects’ ideal design and the reality; also allow the architects to control and change his design easily without affecting the original concept. Some people think architecture is just a shelter; a place where we perform daily basis. Others believe architecture is considered as ‘the most public of the arts.21 I would agree with the latter. Architectures should be viewed and appreciated as streetscapes around the corner which provide a nice experience as the visitors move around
or travel within them. As we design our project we studied much different architecture as our precedent. These really provide me knowledge on the different concepts that each architecture is applying as well as their ways to apply computation and parametric designs into their projects. Although we did not success in reconstruct the precedent we followed at the very start – which is Haresh Lavani’s work, we managed to adopt his design concept and applied it in a different way to our project. By designing the project, it expands my knowledge of both computational technique and
21 - Richard Williams, ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), pp. 102 - 116. PAGE 79
architecture, especially in term of patterning and has greater opportunities to look for more possibilities. At the same time the computation design can provide us some unexpected outcomes. The designing process provide me with the idea of complex designs can be achieved via computation by using simulating, prototype testing and parameters to control the design efficiently. We’ve encountered a few problems while designing our project using technologies.
real world construction. We had problem with the bending capacity of our prototype materials. We’ve used two material, polypropylene and ivory card to construct our prototype, both of them did not achieve the curvature we expected. So we reconsidered about our overall form. As a result, we’ve increased our overall structure in length for us to achieve a smooth curvature for our final model. By increasing the length it also allows a longer period of time for the visitors to experience our project.
The prototype process in Part B made us to realise the difference between an ideal designed structure and
When we were designing our flipping panels we had trouble to manage the panels to be opened on a cer-
tain angle. We’ve tried explode the surface and making a list of the items then connect the ‘Rotate Axis’ component to the ‘Item’. However it did not work. Then we’ve come to realisation that as our surface is on a curvature, so when we link the ‘Item’ and ‘rotate axis’ together, the rotation is based on a curved line. Knowing this, we added the component ‘line’ in between the ‘item’ and ‘rotate axis’ to create a straight base for the rotation to work. However, we’ve overcome all the difficulties for producing this elegant and eyecatching project. Our group enjoyed working together, learning from
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each other and developing new ideas. My skill in using soft-wares such as Grasshopper and Kangaroo plugins, Rhino, Indesign and Photoshops has improved a lot after this semester. This subject also introduced me to the idea of digital publishing website â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Issuu; it is such a handy tool for me to know and I will be certainly applying the skills Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learnt this semester in my future study.
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REFERENCES: • Burry, Mark (2011). Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming (Chickester: Wiley), pp. 8-71 • CHETAN, DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER IN DUBAI, http://techandfacts.com/da-vinci-rotating-tower-dubai/, [accessed: 5/6/2013] • CHINA SUSPENDS WORK ON OLYMPIC ‘BIRD NEST’, 2004, http://wirednewyork.com/forum/ showthread.php?t=3756&page=2, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. • Designboom: Arhitecutre design art technology, Soumaya Museum by Fernando Romero architects, 2012, http:// w w w. d e s i g n b o o m . c o m / a r c h i t e c t u r e / s o u m a y a - m u s e u m by-fernando-romero-architects/, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. • Designboom – architecture design art technology, Zaha Hadid: Galaxy Soho Completed, 2012, http://www.designboom.com/architecture/zaha-hadid-galaxy-soho-completed/, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. • FUTURISTIC NEWS, Mexico City, soumaya-mexico-city/, • LAVANI STUDIO, sign, morphogenomics, dio.com/sculpture/gallery/,
Museo Soumaya, 2013, http://futuristicnews.com/museo[accessed 07/06/2013]. sculpture, architecture, de2013, http://www.lalvanistu[accessed: 07/06/2013].
• Richard Williams, ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), pp. 102 - 116.
• WALT DISNEY CONCER HALL, LOS ANGELES, CA, USA, 2011, <http://www.strangebuildings.thegrumpyoldlimey.com/2011/08/ walt-disney-concert-hall-losangeles-ca.html>, [accessed 5/6/2013] • Woodbury, Robert (2010). Elements metric Design (London: Routledge)
of pp.
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• Wyndham City Council, Gateway Competition Document, Western Gateway Design Project, 2011, LMS, http://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_5 _1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher% 3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_262336, [ACCESSED: 07/06/2013]. • SJET, VOLTADOM, http://www.sjet.us/ MIT_VOLTADOM.html, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. • TEDXbROOKLYN – Haresh Lavani, 2011, http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=nir9fXCJX08, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. • Yehuda E.Kalya, Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer – Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2004), pp5 – 25. • Zaha Hadid Arhitects, Galaxy Soho, http://www.zahahadid.com/architecture/galaxy-soho/, [accessed: 07/06/2013]. • Zaha Hadid Architect, Nordpark Railway Stations, http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/nordpark-railway-stations/, [accessed: 07/06/2013].