HVAC&R Nation June 2017 by AIRAH

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2 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

ISSUE 102

HVAC&R Nation is published by the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air conditioning and Heating (Inc).

June 2017

AIRAH – National Office James Harrison Centre 3/1 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia. Tel: 03 8623 3000

A foot in the door

Fax: 03 9614 8949

www.airah.org.au/nation

Magazine team Editor Boon Mark Souphanh boon@airah.org.au Tel: 03 8623 3011 Contributing writer Sean McGowan

Advertising sales Glenn Douglas glenn@airah.org.au Ph: 03 8623 3018 John McGrath john@airah.org.au Ph: 03 8623 3007

As a school leaver, getting a start in the industry will be both one of the hardest and most important things you’ll do in your career. To help you ensure that first step is a successful one, Woolworths’ national installation manager Shaun Merry shares the company’s approach to apprenticeships with HVAC&R Nation.

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see what’s new in the ‘Shed

HVAC&R Nation is an official publication of the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating Inc. Statements expressed in HVAC&R Nation do not necessarily reflect the policy or views of AIRAH or its members. No responsibility is accepted by AIRAH, the Editor or HVAC&R Nation’s supply partners for the accuracy of information or for errors or omissions. HVAC&R Nation is distributed without charge to all financial members of AIRAH. The publisher reserves the right to alter or omit any article or advertisement submitted and requires indemnity from advertisers and contributors against damages or liabilities that may arise from material published. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the Publisher.

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Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Refrigeration safety and environmental standard.

8 Global Update industry news from around the world

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19 Smoko with . . . Q&A with HVAC&R Nation

24 Around the Nation who’s in the news?

26 Safety Corner you can never be too safe

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Lighter Side the shonkier side of the nation

Chiller queen A main chiller-plant upgrade combined with the addition of an AIRAH Award-winning controls system has breathed new life and energy efficiency into an iconic building located in Melbourne’s financial district. Sean McGowan reports.

Please consider the environment and recycle this magazine if you are not going to keep it.

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 3

Editorial

WAX ON, WAX OFF

“Man who swage and flare with chopstick, accomplish anything.”

In an age of shorter attention spans and instant gratification, we now have access to more information than ever before. And, it comes as no surprise that today’s younger generation have been quick to make the most of this access. In the form of online resources, courses, and even YouTube, we now have the ability to learn new skills and refine existing ones via the world-wide web. Whether its knocking off strokes from your handicap, or even unlocking your inner MasterChef to impress the missus, a quick Google search will have you well on your way to enlightenment – no face-to-face interaction required. A by-product of this internet-driven interaction aversion has been the diminishing importance of a good old-fashion mentor. And unfortunately, it appears this has trickled down into our industry, contributing to the skills shortage we so-often hear about. As one of history’s most renown mentors, Mr Miyagi once said – “No such thing as bad student, only bad teacher. Teacher say, student do.” And personally, I couldn’t agree more.

The importance of a quality mentor is a notion shared by Woolworths, industry leaders when it comes to training skilled apprentices. As one of Australia’s largest commercial refrigeration employers, Woolies has developed and implemented a structured training plan for its apprentices, above and beyond the requirements of the apprenticeship board and TAFE. “The plan involves assigning the apprentice to a tradesperson (mentor) to work with, and rotating that mentor every quarter,” says Woolworth’s national installation manager Shaun Merry, who shares the company’s approach to training in this month’s cover story (page 10).

At the end of each quarter, the mentor, apprentice and regional manager meet and formally discuss the apprentice’s performance and provide feedback. For smaller companies, adopting this approach may seem a little over the top. However, we reckon all larger employers of apprentices should seriously consider introducing similar strategies for mentoring their up-and-comers. There’s no substitute for first-hand experience. Even Google can’t help out with that one. Boon Mark Souphanh Editor boon@airah.org.au

“This ensures that the apprentice gets to work with a wide variety of tradespeople and has exposure to different attitudes, approaches, and methods.”

Join AIRAH today To align yourself with Australia’s most dynamic HVAC&R organisation, become an AIRAH member. For more details,or to join right now, go to www.airah.org.au/join

Member benefits: n Industry recognition and career progression

by carrying the M.AIRAH post-nominal. n A copy of the industry’s foremost technical reference,

available exclusively to members– the AIRAH Technical Handbook. n A subscription to Ecolibrium – a publication that profiles

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and other technical publications. n Regular state and national email updates containing

important news and details of key industry events. n Regular technical division meetings held by the state sections

of AIRAH.

4 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

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give you continuing professional development (CPD) credits to a wide variety of organisations. n Substantial discounts on training, seminars, conferences,

industry best-practice guides and site visits plus complimentary monthly technical seminars. n Access to the AIRAH HVAC&R industry

Professional Diploma of Building Services – HVAC&R. n Participation in the AIRAH Awards. n Complimentary member webinars and podcasts. n Access to ASHRAE member benefits through

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June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 5

Toolshed A dehumidification revelation

This quiet operation makes Magnitude ideal for sound sensitive environments such as schools, performance halls, museums, and hotels.”

Air Change has launched its new dehumidification range, showcasing the products at a series of AIRAH Trade Nights.

With a range from 350 kWr to 5300 kWr, and with a choice of Danfoss or Daikin Magnetic bearing compressors, the units are suitable for various applications.

The first Trade Night of the year was held in Port Macquarie, with 35 attendees enjoying a night of drinks, canapes, and giveaways discussing the latest trends in the HVAC industry. Air Change NSW sales manager Paritosh Shrivastava was on hand to introduce the dehumidification range, specifically the ACDHUM-LD.

For more information, go to commercial.daikin.com.au n

Baxi on the boil

The unit is a low dew-point dehumidifier capable of dehumidifying air to below 5°C dew-point temperature.

Italian boiler manufacturers BAXI have released the MP+ upgrade for its range of Duo-Tec light commercial boilers.

“As a 100 per cent refrigeration solution, it is particularly ideal for supermarket applications, consuming less electrical power than the typical desiccant system traditionally used,” says the company.

The MP+ upgrade aims to add a more powerful Hi-Flow modulating pump, which increases flow-rate efficiency. In addition, the MP+ range features a “turndown” modulation ratio of 1:9, meaning the boiler effectively turns itself down in nine stages matching output to heat demand, unlike conventional-type boilers which simply cycle “on” or “off”.

For more information, go to www.airchangedehumidification.com.au n

According to the company, scaling heat output to suit demand greatly reduces the gas consumption and gives vastly improved heating performance, as well as increasing the boilers longevity.

Muck up this winter

The Original Muck Boot Company has launched in Australia and offers a new range catered for the winter months.

BAXI Duo-Tec MP+ condensing-type boilers utilise gas condensing technology to extract and reuse the heat from burnt gases to add to efficiency.

The new boot range is designed to merge comfort, style, and high-performance. All boots are 100 per cent waterproof.

The MP+ range comes in seven models from 35kw to 110kw, and can be installed in cascade up to 12 units for a total heating capacity of 1320kW. Cascade installation allows built-in redundancy for taking boilers offline when servicing is required and efficiently manages the heat-load requirements by only utilising boilers required to meet heat load.

“Work boots have never been more comfortable and practical,” says Muck. “[Our] commitment to developing footwear that meets the demands of outdoor workwear is realised with its winter range, whether it be in urban or rural settings or for commercial use.” The flagship Chore Series boot is designed to provide dryness and toughness on all work jobs. A stretch-fit top-line binding snugs the wearer’s calf to improve warmth, while the 5mm NEOPRENE bootie is made from four-way stretch nylon for 100 per cent waterproofing and improved weight and flexibility.

The Duo-Tec+ range carries full AGA certification and complies with Australian Standards AS3498 / AS 4552. 03

For more information, go to www.hydroheat.com.au n

For more information, go to www.muckboots.com.au n

Peak performance from Daikin

The compressor shaft is kept perfectly aligned in all directions by sensors at each magnetic bearing providing real-time feedback to the digital bearing control system. This magneticbearing technology is designed to be more energy efficient and reliable.

“Modulex provides unrivalled seasonal and part-load efficiencies,” says AHG business development manager Terry Plaisted. “This results in significant energy savings for the building owner.” Modulex operates at <49dBa making it an option for sound-critical environments. It also has full BMS capability as standard, allowing monitoring of performance and faults. Available in 11 models with output ranges from 95kW to 900kW, Modulex accommodates natural gas or LPG and is designed for both indoor and outdoor installations.

For more information, go to www.automaticheating.com.au n

Because the Magnitude magnetic bearing chiller has fewer moving parts, the company says the unit requires no oil or oil circulation equipment, as well as less maintenance and service. “Eliminating oil contamination in the refrigerant and heattransfer surfaces keeps the magnetic bearing chiller running at peak efficiency year after year,” says Daikin. “Magnitude chillers are quiet with sound pressure ratings as low as 76 dBA. 6 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

Class-leading efficiency

According to Automatic Heating, its new Modulex condensing boiler is the highest efficiency hot water heater in Australia.

Daikin Magnitude water-cooled chillers are designed to create climate-controlled environments for offices, universities, hospitals and healthcare facilities. The units contain a frictionless magnetic-bearing compressor, which was developed to improve performance, reliability and reduce service requirements as compared with conventional centrifugal compressor designs. The magnetic bearing compressor has a single rotating component – the compressor shaft – levitated on a magnetic field. This cushion results in the shaft not being in contact with any other part of the compressor while operating.

BAXI are distributed exclusively in Australia by HydroHeat.

R32 option from Teco

The 3D Pinnacle range of inverter split systems are now available from Teco Australia.

The new range includes R32 reverse-cycle inverter split systems, which are designed to deliver high efficiency and superior performance.

Toolshed Ranging from 2.6kw to 8.0kw, the 3D range includes optional Wi-Fi connection, Gold-Fin Protection on both coils, outdoor auto-clean function, and a unique refrigerant leak-detection system. National business development manager Trevor Francis says the range sets a new benchmark for quality, performance a nd reliability for Teco in Australia.

Quality Air Equipment has recently released a new range of Qline motorised zone dampers, which are designed to control the flow of air in HVAC heating or cooling systems.

The range consists of sizes from 150mm to 450mm, and is available in both 24 Volt and 240 Volt options.

“We are so confident that this range can match it with the best products on the market that we have introduced an industry first “value-add” that will deliver peace of mind for our customer’s customers,” says Francis. “We are limiting the availability of this innovation to benefit to a select group of customers who attend our industry briefings over the next two to three months and encourage everyone to keep an eye out for the invitations.”

“We have housed the motors (Yellow) 24Volt and (Red) 240 Volt for convenience,” says the company. “Other features include a 3.5NM torque motor, additional blade support, sealed joints with no rivets or no spot welds, and insulated casing.” The unit also comes in a dual-earth cable option (240V), and has a five-year warranty for motors in a domestic application and a one-year warranty for commercial applications.

In the coming months, Teco Australia will be introducing a number of new product lines, including ducted systems, cassettes, and multi-head systems.

For more information, go to www.qualityairequipment.com.au n

For more information, go to www.teco.com.au n

Winter winner from Seeley

According to the company, the improved features include an alloy water outlet and tougher brass spray nozzle, with 7m of hose with protective hose clamp. Extra seals have been included along with the many other standard features, such as wheels on the base and a padded shoulder strap.

The update expands the Braemar premium refrigerated range to include mini VRF systems, heat pumps and heat-recovery systems, catering for luxury homes, apartments, and commercial projects. Flexible installation options for high ceilings and contemporary home and apartment designs are a key feature, and the partial-load performance of the 5th generation VRF technology aims to deliver improved energy-efficiency airflow performance.

These units will have a 12V 3m power cords in case more power is required. However, the sealed-lead acid battery will give operators at least five tanks of water before the battery will require a recharge. “Plenty of useful work can be achieved in just one charge,” says the company. “Hydrocell has revolutionised the way air conditioning technician conducts maintenance work, and this new unit will be another step forward.”

For more information, go to www.hydrocellwasher.com.au n

For more information, go to braemar.com.au/winter n

Get out of trouble

The Trouble Shooter is based on the popular Fitters Notes that you can find on the Danfoss website. This app is available to download as part of the Danfoss CoolApp library, which already includes the Refrigerant Slider app.

Aquip Systems introduces the MULTICAL range of smart energy meters by Kamstrup, used to meter and sub-meter water and thermal-energy use in large residential and commercial buildings.

Part of the range, the MULTICAL 403 is a static-heat meter, cooling meter or combined heat/cooling meter based on the ultrasonic principle.

“It’s easy to move back and forward between the symptom/cause and remedy pages,” says Danfoss.

The meter is intended for energy measurement in almost all types of thermal installations where water is used as the energy-conveying medium.

Trouble Shooter’s database is available at all times and does not require Wi-Fi to give full app functionality. For more information, go to products.danfoss.com.au/refrigeration-and-air-conditioning n

Multipurpose MULTICAL

“More and more property managers and building owners are realising that it’s difficult to manage what you don’t measure and in doing so are introducing individual metering in their buildings,” says Aquip Systems. “By installing individual consumption meters for each department or tenant, they receive precise measurements and a constant flow of data. The results are evident – hassle-free and documented cost allocation, fewer dispute, and savings up to 15 per cent to 30 per cent.”

Trouble Shooter is designed to gives users instant access to knowledge about refrigeration applications and their functions supporting HVAC&R servicing work. When starting up Trouble Shooter, you will be presented to a refrigeration system divided into four main areas: low pressure, high pressure, compressor and liquid line components. You select an area and next you will be able to search symptoms in the system. Once correct symptom is identified you will be presented to possible causes of this symptom and procedures required to correct it.

Tradie special from Hydrocell

Hydrocell is releasing a new tradie version of the 17-Litre Model GFS-CT1 pressure washer.

Seeley International has unveiled an array of new products as part of its annual winter campaign, including a new VRF air conditioning range.

Twelve indoor unit options are available, including ceiling concealed duct-type units, ceiling-mounted cassettes, wall-mounted inverter split system, floor-ceiling-type and wall-console units, as well as outside-air processing units.

A Quality new release

MULTICAL 403 consists of a calculator, a flow sensor and two temperature sensors. 11

DO YOU HAVE A NEW PRODUCT TO GO IN THE TOOLSHED?

For more information, go to www.aquip.com.au n Email boon@airah.org.au All submissions received will be considered, though publication cannot be guaranteed.

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 7

Global Update

CHINA

USA

GERMANY

UNITED ON LOW-GWP

NYC’S COOL CLASSROOMS

MAC SMACKS DAIMLER

United Nations agencies and refrigerant industry representatives from around the world held a series of meetings in Beijing to promote the use of low global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants for air conditioning applications by Persian Gulf nations and China.

The Mayor of New York Bill de Blasio recently announced a plan and budget to install air conditioning in every public classroom in the city.

The German government’s Federal Motor Transport Authority has called on Daimler to recall cars filled with refrigerant R134a in contravention of the MAC directive.

The city plans to allocate $28.75 million (AU$39 million) over the next five years to buy and install the units.

This latest move could involve 134,000 cars according to German press reports. These are vehicles which were filled with refrigerant R134a after January 1, 2013 and affects Mercedes A-Class, B-Class, CLA-Class, S-Class, SL-Class vehicles.

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and U.N. Environment (UNEP) brought together representatives from Persian Gulf countries and companies from Japan and the United States to work with Chinese manufacturers to jointly implement environment-friendly technologies in the air conditioning sector. Organisers plan to next extend the project to other countries, including Egypt, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Vietnam. n

USA

BIZARRE BURGLARY In an unusual attempt to cheat on their college exams, two students at the University of Kentucky made their way through an air conditioning duct before dropping into a lecturer’s office as they tried to steal a copy of a maths exam. The culprits, both 21 years of age, were caught when their tutor unexpectedly returned. They both reportedly ran off, but eventually turned themselves into the police. One of the students later confessed getting the idea from Tom Cruise’s character in the film Mission Impossible. The students were charged with attempted burglary. n

In addition, the capital plan from the School Construction Authority includes $50 million (AU$68 million) for electrical upgrades to maintain the new AC units, since many schools do not already have the wiring to support them. Around 11,000 classrooms, equating to approximately one-quarter of all classrooms in the city, currently have no air conditioning. n

JAPAN

COOL DOWN IN CASUAL The Japanese government has launched its "Cool Biz" campaign, which encourages workers to dress casually to help limit the use of air conditioning. The initiative also suggests workers to set air conditioners at 28˚C at home and in offices. Off the back of the campaign, staff in government offices are now allowed to wear polo shirts, sneakers, and even Hawaiian shirts to work. "We want businesses to take up the initiative in accordance with their respective dress codes as a way to realise adequate utilisation of air conditioning," says head of the Environment Ministry's citizens' life management office Naofumi Masuda. The campaign will run until the end of September. n

8 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

Under the European MAC d irective, manufacturers must use a refrigerant with a GWP lower than 150 in car air conditioning systems. Daimler had refused to use the only production-ready alternative, R1234yf, over safety concerns. These concerns were rejected by Germany’s Federal Motor Transport Authority Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt. n

USA

CAUGHT COLD A fugitive in Tampa, Florida, hid in an air conditioning vent to escape police, before begging to be freed because he was too cold. The local police issued two warrants to arrest Larry Puleo, 47, for violating his probation on charges related to heroin possession and introduction of drugs into a prison. Officers searched a home where they heard "someone scurrying around" in the attic but were unable to find the suspect after looking for an hour. The wanted man was trapped and pleaded with police to be released because he was freezing. He was taken by firefighters to hospital where he was treated for hypothermia. n

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June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 9

Cover Feature

A FOOT IN THE DOOR With almost 300 team members, Woolworths/RetailFM are one of the largest commercial refrigeration employers in Australia.

As a school leaver, gettin g a start in th of the harde e industry w st and most ill be both o important th To help you ne ings you’ll do ensure that fi in y o rs u t r career. step is a suc national insta cessful one, llation mana W o ger Shaun M olworths’ approach to erry shares th apprenticesh e company’s ips with HVA C&R Nation. “Retail FM is Woolworths’ in-house facilities management business.” Retail FM was founded in 2013 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Woolworths Group. Our sole purpose is to provide refrigeration and HVAC facilities management services to the Woolworths fleet of stores and associated brands. We carry out servicing and maintenance on both refrigeration and HVAC assets, as well as design and installation work on refrigeration projects – both in new stores and renewal projects. “With almost 300 team members, we are one of the largest commercial refrigeration employers in Australia.” Our teams are state-based, and we have offices in every major capital city, as well as team members in the majority of large regional areas around the country. We are also well supported by an extensive sub-contractor network around the country.

“Given the size of our company, it could be quite easy for an apprentice to get lost in the system.” We identified this quite early on and put steps in place to mitigate against this. We have developed and implemented a structured training plan for our apprentices, above and beyond the requirements of the apprenticeship board and TAFE. We wanted to ensure that the apprentice is given the right opportunities to develop the skills they require to become a good tradesperson, as well as the right attitudes at the end of their apprenticeship.

While the apprentice needs to try their hardest and put in the effort, as a business and employer we need to ensure we are providing them with the right opportunities and direction to make them good tradespeople.

At the end of each quarter, the mentor, apprentice and regional manager will meet and formally discuss the apprentice’s performance and provide any feedback.

“The plan involves assigning the apprentice to a tradesperson (mentor) to work with, and rotating that mentor every quarter.”

We also have a detailed task competency matrix – a list of tasks and the timeframe for when we expect the apprentice to be able to competently complete the task. For example, by six months, can they demonstrate correct swaging and flaring? It is quite an extensive list in excess of 100 items, but they have four years to work through it.

This ensures that the apprentice gets to work with a wide variety of tradespeople and has exposure to different attitudes, approaches, and methods.

Once the mentor is content that the apprentice can demonstrate this, they will sign off on the task in their handbook.

10 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

Cover Feature

Woolworths’ national installation manager Shaun Merry (left) and his merry men.

This might seem excessive for smaller companies, but I would certainly encourage at least all larger employers of apprentices to introduce a similar strategy for mentoring its apprentices.

“I hold high regard for applicants who have taken the initiative to gain pre-start qualifications such as the Certificate II in Electrotechnology that TAFE offer.”

“We recognise that it’s a two-way street.”

Any previous work experience that they can gain, which highlights that they have taken a vested interest in their career, is also generally highly regarded.

“When we have a new apprentice, I don’t expect a lot from them in regard to technical competence – after all, they are here to learn that.” Technical competence will come with the right attitude and a willingness to learn.

This has grown from around 10 in 2015, and I can see this growing further in years to come as we continue to invest in them.

But communication skills are often an issue. I find myself reiterating to apprentices that they need to ask questions. And, if they don’t understand something – speak up.

I can also proudly say that we have recently employed our first female apprentice, and although only one for now, is still a fantastic step toward an increase in gender diversity for our team.

Effective communication should be two-way. They should be discussing things with their mentors and asking questions, not just listening to what has been said and hoping that they understood it correctly.

WHAT EMPLOYERS LOOK FOR IN APPRENTICES Attitude. Attitude. Attitude. Being punctual and respectful in the interview is a must.

Know your stuff. For an apprentice, I will always ask, “What can you tell me about refrigeration?” I have had answers ranging from, “I don’t know. I guess it makes stuff cold” to, “It uses gas to move heat from one area to another.” I’ve even had a few who could name the basic system components. This quickly highlights who is really interested in the role, and who just wants a job.

Familiarise yourself. Research the company that you are applying with. For example, if an applicant doesn’t even know who Retail FM is, they can’t be too serious about the role!

“TAFE is always a topic I like to touch on with our apprentices, just to make sure they are not having any issues.” Every now and then we will have an apprentice who may struggle with a module for one reason or another. Realistically it’s probably just pride, but they are generally reluctant to ask for help. Technical competence will come with the right attitude and a willingness to learn.

We have a wealth of technical knowledge in our team for them to get coaching from, but if they don’t speak up and ask for help, they have to struggle through it alone. If you’re not sure, just ask!

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 11

Cover Feature “When working with HFCs – or any other refrigerant for that matter – stop and think before acting.”

this opportunity to local suppliers with the view of upskilling local industry.

Every now and then we will have an apprentice who may struggle with a module for one reason or another. Realistically it’s probably just pride, but they are generally reluctant to ask for help.

Given that the HFC phase-down will almost certainly see a far greater reliance on natural refrigerants (CO2, hydrocarbon, ammonia) with their own disadvantages (high pressure, flammability, toxicity), I actively encourage apprentices to stop and take a moment to think about what they are doing before acting when they work on a system. All of these refrigerants transfer heat. The basic principles are generally the same, but making a mistake could have far more severe consequences than a HFC system. “There are a few reasons for the skills gap in our industry, but undoubtedly the biggest is that a lot of larger companies don’t seem to be employing as many apprentices as days gone by.” When you consider the attrition rate of technicians leaving the trade, we need to ensure that we are investing in the future and training the technicians of tomorrow. “Recognising the skills shortage in the industry, we are in the process of implementing a training plan for our technicians to ensure they receive hands-on training in new technology.” Given the specialised field that supermarket refrigeration has become, we have developed a structured internal training plan for our own team focusing on the equipment and technology that we readily employ in our fleet of stores.

“Woolworths has just opened its first supermarket in Australia to employ transcritical CO2 technology at the Greenway Plaza shopping village in Western Sydney.” If we go back to the concept stages of this project when we decided to go down the T-CO2 path, the biggest known risk was clearly local industry knowledge, or the lack thereof. It was at this time that we made the conscious decision to invest in local industry partners and work with them on this project. We recognised that an easier option may have been to import plant from Europe or North America, but saw far greater long-term value in providing

Rather than being thrown into the deep end, offering the opportunity for hands-on experience in a controlled environment has been important. By investing in local industry, and engaging with the wider team as we move along this journey, I firmly believe we can overcome any issues around lack of experience. And, as we grow more comfortable with the technology, we will begin to expose our apprentices to it also. “I can’t stress the importance of engagement on a project such as this.” As we moved into the more detailed design phase of this project, stakeholder engagement was of paramount importance. We held countless roundtable meetings to talk through every facet of the project. These meetings included everyone from engineering staff who were working through the design, to the service team that would be looking after maintenance, as well as plant, controls and components suppliers and everyone in between. “And we approached the commissioning phase with much the same mindset.” We have had more than 30 team members attend hands-on training at Bitzer’s St Mary’s facility, and further to this, we have had our service team actively participate in the commissioning phase of the systems at Greenway Plaza. n

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Australian Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Volumes 1 and 2

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VOLUME

AIRAH is delighted to bring one of Australia’s foremost resources for training in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry to the education sector: Australian Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Volumes 1 and 2, authored by Graham Boyle, M.AIRAH.

The completely revised fifth editions have brought a new dimension to this highly regarded resource, with a new full-colour format, hundreds of updated and upgraded images and improved text, which make for easier reading and understanding.

For more information, go to www.airah.org.au/ARAC

12 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

IS YOUR BUSINESS READY

FOR NEW REFRIGERANTS? AMMONIA • CARBON DIOXIDE • HFO • HYDROCARBON • LOW-GWP HFC The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry is undergoing substantial change, with current refrigerants being replaced by new low and ultra-low GWP products, which are being developed with and adopted by global equipment manufacturers. The new refrigerants and the equipment designed for them will present significant changes to the tools, working practices, component standards and safety considerations relating to installation, repair, service and refrigerant recovery. This year, tens of millions of new systems will be produced around the world that are designed for new low global warming potential HFOs, CO2, NH3, HCs and lower GWP HFCs such as R32. In the near future it is expected that every new piece of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment sold in Australia will use one of these refrigerants. future:gas seminars across Australia will help businesses and technicians in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry prepare for the changes.

There is a future:gas seminar evening near you: Newcastle NSW

Jun 19 Adelaide SA

August 1

Sydney NSW

Jun 20 Perth WA

August 2

Canberra ACT

Jun 22 Darwin NT

August 3

Townsville QLD

July 18 Melbourne VIC Sept 5

Brisbane QLD

July 19 Hobart TAS

Sept 6

Rockhampton QLD July 20 Albury NSW

Sept 7

Darwin

Townsville Rockhampton Brisbane

Newcastle

Perth Adelaide

Sydney

Albury

At future:gas seminars the industry’s top experts will explain the reason for the changes, the technical background of the new refrigerants, new safe working practices and standards relating to the quality and design of both components and service equipment. If you work in refrigeration and air-conditioning, attending your local future:gas seminar is essential!

CORPORATE SPONSORS

Canberra

Melbourne

Hobart

distributed by

future:gas is created by

INDUSTRY PARTNERS

the industry, for the industry

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$10

Visit www.futuregas.ac now to book tickets and find out more June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 13

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14 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017 HVAC HP Be Impressed 220X150 NoBleed v1.indd 1

19/10/2015 12:23 pm

REFRIGERATING Skills SYSTEMS Workshop AND HEAT PUMPS HVAC&R

MODULE

102

PULLOUT

PROUDLY SPONSORED BY

– SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Standards Australia has recently adopted and published the new refrigeration safety and environmental standard; AS/NZS 5149 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps – Safety and environmental requirements: Parts 1 to 4, replacing AS/NZS 1677.2:1998. The new AS/NZS 5149 standard is published in four parts, comprising over 160 pages of technical safety and environmental requirements. This month’s Skills Workshop provides an overview of the content of AS/NZS 5149.3:2016 Part 3 Installation site; and AS/NZS 5149.4:2016 Part 4 Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery. AS/NZS 5149.3:2016 outlines the safety requirements applicable to a specific site and includes for all refrigerating system and heat pump applications including new systems, as well as modifications, extensions, relocations and conversions of existing systems. This standard covers the location of the refrigeration system and there are six categories of requirements for equipment located in:

A leak-inspection regime, using direct and indirect leak-detection methods, should be undertaken every three, six or twelve months, depending on the mass of refrigerant contained in the system (the refrigerant charge).

1. The open air; 2. A machinery room (plant room); 3. The occupied space; 4. Unoccupied space that is not a machinery room; 5. A ventilated enclosure within an occupied space; 6. A shaft or piping duct. This standard covers the general requirements for machinery rooms, and requires that: • Machinery rooms in AS/NZS 5149.3 are classified as “Authorised occupancies” and are not allowed to be used for general storage; • Refrigerant-venting pathways must not allow leaked refrigerant to enter occupied spaces or the air supply for combustion equipment; • There are no open flames allowed in machinery rooms (only under limited specified circumstances); • Pipe and duct penetrations through the machinery room fabric must be sealed to maintain fire resistance level (FRL) and any openings to outdoors must not be within 2m of building openings, including emergency exits; • A remote system emergency stop switch must be located outside the machine room door;

• Normal lighting must be provided sufficient for safe operation and emergency lighting must be provided for safe evacuation. The dimension of the machinery room must allow safe and easy installation, service, maintenance, operation, repair and disassembly. Catwalks and ladders should be provided where necessary and a 2m headroom clearance provided around equipment.

Doors must open outwards, be openable from the inside and have a one-hour fire rating. At least one emergency exit must open directly to outside or to an emergency exit pathway. Any service ducts must be air-sealed from the room and vented to outdoors if carrying pipework with flammable or toxic refrigerants. Machinery rooms must be provided with both normal operation ventilation (at a minimum

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 15

HVAC&R Skills Workshop

General requirements for machinery rooms are covered the standard AS/NZS 5149.3:2016.

rate of four air changes per hour) and emergency ventilation. Ventilation ducts have to be sealed and fire-rated. Emergency ventilation can be natural or mechanical or a combination of the two, and specific additional requirements are applied where flammable refrigerants (A2L, A2, B2L, B2, B3, and A3) are in use. The standard also includes specific additional requirements for plant rooms containing ammonia-based refrigeration systems.

The standard details the alternative site-specific provisions which can be used for compliance where the allowable charge limits of AS/NZS 5149.1 are exceeded for the occupied spaces. The additional provisions generally address air movement or ventilation controlled by refrigerant detection and/or safety shut off valving designed to restrict leakage to less than the QLMV value of the occupied space. Requirements for the design and installation of safety alarms and refrigerant detectors are detailed,

as well as requirements for instruction manuals, inspection and maintenance protocols and the control of local heat sources. The variations made to ISO 5149.3:2014 to make it suitable for use in Australia and New Zealand include: • Any equipment in the open air (location Classifications II and III) containing more than 2m3 of flammable refrigerant (any class) must be secured within a fenced enclosure or barrier; • Machinery rooms are classified as an “Authorised occupancy c” • Negative pressures developed by emergency ventilation systems must not exceed 50 Pa; • Machinery rooms with flammable refrigerants must be assessed for hazardous areas in accordance with AS/NZS 60079.10.1. Electrical installations and other control measures must comply with the relevant parts of the AS/NZS 60079 series; • Changes to the provisions for emergency exhaust-ventilation ductwork, the use of fire-suppression systems with R717, and ignition sources where flammable refrigerants are used; • Hazardous area exclusions for A2L refrigerants have been removed; • Gas sensors and controls for flammable refrigerants must comply with the requirements of the AS/NZS 60079.29 series.

AS/NZS 5149.4:2016 PART 4 OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND RECOVERY

The person responsible for placing the system in operation must ensure that operating personnel are instructed in the correct system operation, including the safety aspects and the requirements around handling of refrigerants.

16 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

AS/NZS 5149.4:2016 covers the ongoing management of a refrigeration and air conditioning system from a safety and environmental damage perspective and excludes sealed unitary systems and appliances such as IEC 60335-type products. For compliance with the standard to be claimed, the people operating the system must be competent and instructed in the correct system operation procedures. Each system must have an operation logbook and be the subject

HVAC&R Skills Workshop of preventative maintenance procedures specified in the system operating instructions that must be provided under AS/NZS 5149.3. The person responsible for placing the system in operation must ensure that operating personnel are instructed in the correct system operation, including the safety aspects and the requirements around handling of refrigerants.

Disposal Refrigerant / oil from existing refrigerating system

Recovery

The installer is responsible for highlighting the need for operator instruction and a minimum in-service inspection regime is provided in Annex D to assist users where no national regulations apply.

PULLOUT

This procedure includes applying a leak-inspection regime, using direct and indirect leak-detection methods every three, six or twelve months, depending on the mass of refrigerant contained in the system (the refrigerant charge). Action must be taken to eliminate every leak that is detected. Leak sites should be re-inspected one month after repair.

REFRIGERANT RECYCLING TERMINOLOGY Recovered refrigerant: Is used refrigerant that has been withdrawn from a system.

Reclaimed refrigerant: Is recovered refrigerant that has been reprocessed to an ‘as new’ standard.

Recycled refrigerant: Is reclaimed refrigerant that has been re-used in another (or the same) system. Legitimate refrigerant recycling means that it is reclaimed (cleaned) to a recognised standard (such as the AHRI 700 Standard for fluorocarbon refrigerants) prior to re-use. The re-use of recovered refrigerant that has not been reclaimed (cleaned) can be detrimental to a refrigerant system. Recovered refrigerant can contain moisture, oils, acidity, particulates and non-condensable gasses. Re-using this refrigerant may cause corrosion to copper and aluminium components, shortening the life of heat transfer coils and compressors. This may void equipment warranty and seriously damage the system.

Figure 1: Refrigerant recycling terminology.

PROUDLY SPONSORED BY

Reuse

Recycle

Reclaim Figure 2: Simplified representation of the relationship between the processes.

Systems with over 3kg of refrigerant should have a refrigerant logbook to record the quantity of refrigerant installed, added, or recovered. When system contains more than 300 kg, a refrigerant detection and alarm system is required, and these must also be maintained annually. Refrigerants can never be mixed in systems. The system logbook, which is required for all systems, must record all maintenance and repair work carried out. It must also log full details of all new used or recycled refrigerant added or removed including the source and analysis of any reused refrigerant, details of component changes or replacements, results of any periodic testing, and a record of significant periods of system non-use. This “information” must be accessible when inspecting, servicing or testing, and could be an app rather than a book. The standard also includes requirements for maintenance and repair procedures. Preventative maintenance must be applied as outlined in the system instruction manual (see AS/NZS 5149.2) and include regular leak-testing inspections and checking of the safety equipment. Welding and brazing must be carried out under competent supervision and only after the section of the system has been purged appropriately. The standard steps users through the required procedures for changing the refrigerant type in existing systems. This includes the steps to take when planning a refrigerant conversion, including verifying that all materials, components and oils are compatible with the new refrigerant. Also, it is essential to check that the component allowable pressure (PS) cannot be exceeded, the relief valve size, motor-current ratings, and that receiver size is adequate for the new refrigerant type and charge. A 14-step procedure for implementing a refrigerant-type change is also included. Since minimising environmental damage has been added to the scope of the 5149 standard, material on the requirements for refrigerant transfer, transport and storage, as well as requirements for the recovery, reuse and disposal of refrigerants have been included in this part.

Most of the refrigerant-handling material and requirements defers to national regulations and standards where they apply. The would be the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act and regulations in Australia. Refrigerant cannot be immediately re-used in another system, a recycled refrigerant has to be reclaimed first before it can be safely re-used, see Figure 1. Figure 2 of AS/NZS 5149.4 provides a decision/ rules flow chart for the allowable use of recovered refrigerants. The variations made to ISO 5149.4:2014 for use in Australian and New Zealand relate to allowing the use of disposable refrigerant containers in New Zealand and allowing the mixing of recovered refrigerants within the same safety class, in the approved reclaim cylinders used expressly for disposal in the Australian ‘product stewardship scheme’. n

MORE INFORMATION This month’s Skills Workshop was written by AIRAH Technical Advisor Vince Aherne, M.AIRAH.

For more information, consult the “Is it safe?” feature article, which appeared in Ecolibrium, November 2016.

Next month: Load estimation June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 17

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18 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

*Applies only to Standard Series models

Green wedge

THE GREENEST APPLE The world’s biggest company has ambitions to go 100 per cent recycled materials. Technology giant Apple has unveiled its annual environmental responsibility report, stating it wants to "one day" end the need to mine materials from the Earth to make its gadgets "Traditional supply chains are linear," says Apple. "Materials are mined, manufactured as products, and often end up in landfills after use. Then the process starts over and more materials are extracted from the earth for new products. We believe our goal should be a closed-loop supply chain, where products are built using only renewable resources or recycled material."

Following extensive research, the company concluded that recycled aluminium should come from Apple products rather than recycling facilities due to the high-grade quality required. As a result, Apple has been encouraging customers to return used products for recycling and is already melting down old iPhone aluminium enclosures to make mini computers used in its factories. The iPhone6S also made use of recycled tin during its production. Ultimately, the goal is to end reliance on mining materials for products altogether. "Apple's commitment to 100 per cent recycled materials is ambitious,” says Greenpeace senior analyst Gary Cook. “[It] highlights the need for greater urgency across the sector to reduce resource consumption and e-waste that are causing significant impacts on the environment and human health." Even Apple itself has admitted that it still has some way to go to realise its lofty ambition.

Meet “Liam”, the iPhonerecycling robot.

“We’re actually doing something we rarely do, which is announce a goal before we’ve completely figured out how to do it,” says Apple’s head of environmental policy Lisa Jackson.

That said, the company has already implemented a number of green initiatives in recent months – including the unveiling of a new 29-armed iPhone-dismantling robot named “Liam”. Apple says that Liam completes an iPhone disassembly process every 11 seconds, with dozens of units running through the system at all times. About 350 units are turned around each hour, equivalent to 1.2 million iPhones each year. Considering Apple ships more than 20 million iPhones a month, it’ll take a few more Liams satisfy the company’s recycling quota, but it’s encouraging to see technology’s biggest make big promises when it comes to environment. n

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June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 19

Feature

CHILLER QUEEN

To assist in this planning, a new control system was installed (see breakout box, “An AIRAH Award winner installed”.) According to Chirayu Shah, M.AIRAH, general manager for Conserve It, one of the benefits of its installation at 100 Queen Street was the ability to collect data better than the building management system (BMS). “It collects over 11 points per chiller, and then calculates over 50 points using those 11 sensor inputs,” he says. “All of these points, along with sensors and calculated data points for pumps, cooling tower and common temperatures, flows and pressures in a central plant are collected every 15 minutes. Some critical points are logged every few minutes, or on a change of value.” This data is stored locally, and used to build reports and charts within the interface, or exported for further analysis.

Due to the plantroom’s level-six location, the new chillers were required to be delivered in kit form and assembled in situ once craned into the plantroom. Similarly, the old chillers had to be dismantled for removal the same way.

UTILISING DATA A main chille r-plant upgra de combine of an AIRAH d with the a Award-winn ddition in g controls sy and energy stem has bre efficiency in athed new li to an iconic fe building loca financial distr ted in Melbo ict. Sean Mc urne’s Gowan repo rts. Melbourne’s 100 Queen Street is typical of many of the city’s buildings currently undergoing refurbishment. Built in 1993 to complement the restoration of the heritage-listed former Melbourne Stock Exchange and ES&A buildings, the 37-storey commercial office tower’s original mechanical-services plant were due for upgrade being near to the end of their useful life. Managed by facility manager Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL), 100 Queen Street is one of a number of buildings in Melbourne’s financial district to be owned and occupied by ANZ. Others include the neighbouring 90 Queen Street building, and those around the corner in Collins Street.

Since late 2012 when it won the service and maintenance contract for 100 Queen Street, Airmaster Australia has worked closely with JLL to improve the energy performance and NABERS Energy rating of the building. This work included efficiency upgrades to the building’s original main chilled-water plant, consisting of two aging high-load chillers, two low-load chillers, cooling towers, pumps and associated ancillary equipment. Nearing the end of its useful life, plans were put in place to begin design work on its replacement and upgrade.

20 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

Following the system’s installation at 100 Queen Street, over six months of data was collected and used by mechanical services engineer, Arup, to help plan the upgrade of the building’s original main chilled-water plant. Arup senior engineer Andrew Tsakmakis says one thing the new control system does incredibly well is collect data. “Without data we are moving in the dark,” says Tsakmakis says. “The load data collected was used to help make the decision about whether or not the constructions staging of the chillers was going to work. In the end, this was very successful, and we had confidence in the data produced.” Based on Arup’s design brief, with some changes made to the piping layout, the two original high-load chillers were replaced by Airmaster in late 2015 in an installation that required careful planning and coordination. According to Airmaster’s projects manager Phil Barrow, a number of challenges presented themselves – not least the restricted access to the existing plantroom. Due to the plantroom’s level-six location, the new chillers were required to be delivered in kit form and assembled in situ once craned into the plantroom.

Feature

A number of challenges presented themselves at 100 Queen – not least the restricted access to the existing plantroom.

Similarly, the old chillers had to be dismantled for removal the same way. Access was created by cutting into the concrete slab of the level-seven balcony to access the plantroom below. A support frame was built underneath the proposed penetration, and a catch-tray installed for all the slurry.

“The penetration was done by cutting the slab area into several small sections approximately 400mm² using a concrete saw, and then lifted out via anchor points installed with an A-frame support with block and tackle,” says Barrow. The penetration was also made weatherproof for the duration of the works.

AN AIRAH AWARD WINNER INSTALLED A PlantPRO control system was installed at 100 Queen St. Winner of the Product of the Year award at the 2015 AIRAH Awards, it is designed to provide control of the chiller plant in a way that delivers efficiencies beyond that of the plant’s individual components. Engineered and developed by Melbournebased controls company Conserve It, the optimisation and control software solution uses feedback from its on-board real-time analytics, diagnostics, measurement and verification systems to continually re-adjust the chiller plant for optimal performance.

Two new magnetic centrifugal-type chillers are slightly larger than their predecessors, but offer high efficiency and quiet operation.

“Fortunately, the crane lifts went ahead as planned and allowed us to hit every milestone without any disruption. This was critical with the timelines we were working to. And, within two days of having the first high-load chiller operational, we had an unseasonal 30°C day in September that the low-load chillers would not have been able to cope with.” Approximately 2000kW each, the two new magnetic centrifugal-type chillers are slightly larger than their predecessors but offer high efficiency and quiet operation.

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 21

Feature In addition to the chiller upgrade, new pumps were installed with sensors to control the variable-speed drives. The new chiller plant also features marinegrade stainless-steel pipework. The building’s heat-rejection capacity was also increased and made more efficient through the replacement and upgrade of the existing cooling towers. Temperature, flow and pressure meters were also installed on the new chiller plant to provide data to the chiller-plant control system, as well as the BMS. Works were completed overnight to avoid disruption to the building’s occupants. Plant and building conditions were carefully monitored throughout the duration of the building works to ensure minimal impact on space conditions.

MAINTAINING CONDITIONS To maintain conditions in the building during the chiller plant and cooling-tower upgrade, temporary condenser water lines were created from the generator. The control system’s intelligent optimisation was also used to produce over 1200kW of cooling from the two remaining, low-load chillers (featuring a combined nominal rating of just 1090kW). This was achieved by driving the chillers into “off design” conditions, while at the same time carefully monitoring their performance to ensure they remained within safe operating parameters. “All chillers have a design cooling rating at design conditions, but this does not mean it is the maximum cooling it can produce,” says Shah. “Typically, the BMS never tries to push the chiller to work outside the design conditions. However, the system can push the chillers to run outside of design conditions while still making sure it operates within safety limits.” By raising the chilled-water (CHW) temperature set-point and reducing the entering condenser-water temperature to the chillers, thereby reducing lift, the system was able to produce a little more cooling from the chiller than it was rated for.

In addition to the chiller upgrade, new pumps were installed with sensors to control the variable-speed drives.

According to JLL’s Hamish Stevenson, the controls software proved itself to be a critical enablement tool during the works. “Its data and reporting provision, and ability to drive performance exceeding plant capacity, enabled the project team to deliver the upgrade during less-than-ideal temperature conditions,” he says. “This was during a compressed period for both the data gathering for design, as well as overall delivery.” Since its installation, JLL’s Energy and Sustainability Services (ESS) team have also made use of the system’s data to the benefit of ANZ’s properties.

SMART SEQUENCING According to Shah, 100 Queen Street’s pre-existing BMS is now only used to initiate the chiller start-up. Once the chillers are operating, the chiller controlssystem takes full operational control of the plant from the BMS to maintain efficient operation and optimal internal temperatures. Using smart sequencing, the plant is optimised by running the most efficient combination of chillers for the given conditions, even if one of the chillers is out of service.

100 Queen’s monthly kW usage 2014, 2015, and 2016. 100 QUEEN STREET AT A GLANCE

140,000

120,000

THE EQUIPMENT 100,000

Monthly kW usage

BMS: Schneider Chiller plant controls: PlantPRO Chillers: York Cooling towers: BAC Pumps: MASTERFLOW SOLUTIONS VSDs: Danfoss

THE PERSONNEL Building owner: ANZ Chiller plant controls: Conserve It Facilities manager: Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) Mechanical services: Airmaster Australia Mechanical services engineer: Arup

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

Year ending 12/13/14 22 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Year ending 12/31/15

Sep

Oct

Nov

Year ending 12/13/16

Dec

Feature MONITORING CONSUMPTION

Existing cooling towers were replaced and upgraded for greater efficiency.

Since completion of the main chilled-water plant upgrade at 100 Queen Street, energy consumption has been closely monitored and compared to baseline figures gathered in the year prior to the upgrade. This monitoring has revealed average monthly energy savings of approximately 30 per cent compared to the consumption under BMS control. While a reduction was expected, the results at this site have even surprised Conserve It and Airmaster. Beyond energy savings, a number of other improvements can be directly attributed to the move away from BMS control. These include reduced plant-running hours due to more accurate plant controls and more efficient CHW flow due to the control system’s ability to tune the by-pass loop more effectively.

“Once it selects the most efficient combination of chillers, it then pushes them to their sweet spots by selecting the most efficient load-point for each running chiller,” says Shah. “If a chiller operates below its nominal efficiency, it can be proactively checked by service personnel

to minimise electrical energy waste and avoid compounding service issues that can result in costly repairs.” Further energy efficiency can be achieved through advanced variable-pumping control and lift optimisation on the refrigerant side.

A reduction in chiller-staging cycles has also been realised, with more efficient staging experienced during morning peak, resulting in the chiller plant achieving and maintaining temperature set-points earlier. Additionally, a fall in temperature complaints has been recorded, supported by space condition reports. n

GAS

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 23

Around the nation 1

FIT FOR A KINGSPAN

Kingspan has opened the doors of its new $40 million high-performance insulation manufacturing facility in Somerton, Melbourne. The new 14,000m2 Green-Star-rated facility is located at the same site at which Ford Australia shut down local production in 2016. The plant has already created 26 new jobs, with another 24 people to be employed as production ramps up. The plant construction was awarded a $3 million grant from Melbourne’s North Innovation and Investment Fund, set up by the Victorian government in partnership with the federal government and Ford Australia. The Victorian Minister for Industry and Employment, Wade Noonan; Irish ambassador Breandán Ó Caollaí and Kingspan Group chief executive Gene Murtagh officially opened the facility. Federal minister Josh Frydenberg was also in attendance. “The market for high-performance insulation is growing rapidly around the world in response to government policies aimed at making buildings more energy efficient,” says Murtagh. “This facility gives Australia world-leading technical capability in a sector experiencing significant sustained domestic and international growth.” n

GET CO2 CERTIFIED

Danfoss and TAFE NSW have teamed up to present a two-day certification program for the use of CO2 as a refrigerant. The collaboration looks to give contractors, installers, consultants, and wholesalers an opportunity to increase their understanding of CO2 and its impact on the industry in the coming years. Attendees who complete the course will receive an official certification. The program is designed to offer a mix of theoretical and hands-on training within two nationally recognised curricula. Attendees will learn about safety awareness and the legal requirements for CO2 as a refrigerant, as well as the proper methods for the repair and service of CO2 refrigeration systems.

To ensure a thorough understanding of the subject material, all participants will be required to complete several eLessons ahead of time on the Danfoss Learning Portal (http://www.danfoss.com/learning/#/). “The cooperation between Danfoss and TAFE NSW is the natural consequence of the success and position both companies have achieved,” says Danfoss. “With more than 75 years in the industry, Danfoss brings deep refrigeration knowledge and experience, while TAFE NSW is Australia’s leading provider of vocational education and training, attracting more than 500,000 students each year. This enables Danfoss and TAFE NSW to provide the best possible CO2 training program to contractors, installers, consultants, and wholesalers.” For more information on the course, go to wsi.tafensw.edu.au n

to further develop a world class maintenance partnership," says City Holdings Australia CEO Chris Winchester. Over the past seven year, Coles has reportedly recorded an 84 per cent improvement in refrigerated stock losses, and achieved a reduction of 57 per cent in carbon dioxide emissions from lower refrigerant gas usage. n

MELBOURNE’S COOLING TOWERS TURN SOUR

The Victorian Department of Health and Human Services issued an alert in relation to six recent confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease in Melbourne. Those infected had all visited the Melbourne CBD in the weeks before they became ill.

SUPERMARKET GIANT SIGNS 10-YEAR DEAL

The department’s alert advised doctors to carefully consider Legionnaires’ disease when reviewing pneumonia patients who have visited the CBD since late March.

Coles has signed an unprecedented 10-year agreement with City Holdings for the maintenance of its supermarkets, Coles Express outlets, liquor stores, and distribution centres across Australia.

Cooling towers associated with the outbreak were disinfected within days of the alert being issued, with the department confirming 92 cooling towers identified in its investigation were cleaned. n

The long-term contract will include all building-related maintenance including refrigeration and air conditioning, and comes seven years after the company first started working in an exclusive partnership with Coles. "This long-term contract is the first of its type for Coles and indicates the importance we place on providing a well-maintained store network ensuring fresh product and safe stores for our customers and store teams," says Coles managing director John Durkan. "City Holdings is a unique, trusted partner who is helping us to continually improve the maintenance and energy efficiency of our stores. Our store teams regularly provide positive feedback about the important role their dedicated City technician plays in delivering a great customer experience for stores.” According to City Holdings, the partnership with Coles had already resulted in the creation of 660 jobs across Australia over the past seven years, with the majority located across Australia directly supporting stores. "We're delighted to sign this new contract with Coles, which means long-term security for our team members and suppliers, and a great opportunity

24 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

GET READY FOR NEW GASES

Following a successful pilot event in Sydney in February, an industry-led education initiative called future:gas will deliver seminars about new low-GWP technologies and the reasons they came about. To be held across 12 locations around Australia between June and September, the seminars will feature presentations from industry experts, who will explain the reason for the changes in refrigerant, the technical background of the new refrigerants, new safe-working practices, and standards relating to the quality and design of both components and service equipment. According to event organisers, tens of millions of new systems designed for new low global-warmingpotential HFOs, CO2, NH3, HC and lower-GWP HFC refrigerants will be produced around the world this year. The seminar series will make stops in Newcastle (June 19), Sydney (June 20), Canberra (June 22),

Around the nation 7

Townsville (July 18), Brisbane (July19), Rockhampton (July 20), Adelaide (August 1), Perth (August 2), Darwin (August 3), Melbourne (September 5), Hobart (September 6), and Albury (September 7). Spaces are limited, so early booking is advised. Tickets are priced at $10 per delegate. To register and view seminar dates, go to www.futuregas.ac n

MITSUBISHI’S CHILLER MARKET MOVE

Mitsubishi Electric Australia has announced that it will begin marketing and sale of Climaveneta branded chillers in Australia, following the acquisition of DeLclima S.p.A by by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Effectively immediately, all Climaveneta sales, service and spare parts, commissioning and support enquiries are now handled by Mitsubishi Electric Australia. “Climaveneta is a well-respected and high-quality chiller brand, and we are proud to be able to add these products to our portfolio”, says general manager business development & operations Raja Gounder. “This addition allows us to deliver a comprehensive and versatile range of solutions for our customers, whatever their need and regardless of whether they are involved in a new-build or retrofit situation.” For more information, go to www.mitsubishielectric.com.au n

JOB BOON FOR BRAESIDE

partners and the Australian market as we increase our ability to deliver new and exciting products through local expertise and manufacturing capability.” Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews together with Industry and Employment Minister Wade Noonan visited the facility on its opening day and spruiked a $90 million funding boost aimed at attracting and assisting investment. It is hoped the package, included in the Victorian Budget 2017/18, will “target the best investors and innovators around the world and bring them to Victoria”. The new jobs at the facility will create opportunities for those in the HVAC&R sector, as well as former automotive workers. n

BITZER HITS THE ROAD

Bitzer Australia will again showcase its latest local and global developments on the road at its Technical Roadshow in July. A week-long travelling tour, Bitzer says the bi-annual Roadshow brings new products and new ideas to the industry through a seminar-style event that includes product displays and relaxed networking. Free for all attendees, this year’s theme for the Roadshow will be “bridging the gap”, and will discuss responsive design and development in light of the ever-changing refrigerant landscape. The central theme will see speakers address industry trends, both locally and internationally, coupled with BITZER’s R&D strategies in an attempt to create equipment that adequately meets the requirements of new legislation and looming changes. Trainees and apprentices are encouraged to attend.

The site will also include a research and development “centre of excellence”. “These are truly exciting times for Rinnai,” says managing director Greg Ellis. “Our channel

For Roadshow dates, and to register, go to www.bitzer.eventbrite.com n

Rinnai’s products will be designed and made in Victoria at the 68,000m2 site, including gas and electric hot water systems, air conditioning systems, and solar renewable products. The company says its investment has secured the future of its 380-strong Victorian workforce and will create new jobs across the region.

UNITED AGAINST QUEENSLAND LICENCE REFORM

HVAC&R industry associations including AIRAH have joined forces to fight the implementation of a proposed mechanical services licence for Queensland, which could circumvent the industry in favour of plumbing. The Queensland government’s proposed license is based on the current Victorian model, which utilises plumbing as the industry base, rather than the HVAC&R sector. AIRAH’s submission to the Queensland government in late 2016 states that AIRAH do not support the introduction of the new mechanical services licence.

“We’ve always aimed to make the Roadshow reflective of both BITZER and the wider industry”, says marketing and business development manager René Le Miere, M.AIRAH. “In particular, this year we’re reaching out to encourage trainees and apprentices to come along. This isn’t an elitist event – the whole idea is to bring all levels of our industry together and learn from each other. It’s an afternoon to learn something new, catch up with colleagues over a coffee, check out displays from some of our key suppliers, and with the addition of the interactive Q&A panel, get involved in the conversation.”

Approximately 160 manufacturing jobs have been created in Melbourne’s southeast after the opening of Rinnai’s new manufacturing facility in Braeside.

Other industry bodies that have made submissions to the Queensland government include the Australian Refrigeration Council (ARC), the Australian Refrigeration Association (ARA), the Australian Refrigeration Mechanics Association (ARMA), Refrigerants Australia (RA), the Air Conditioning and Mechanical Contractors Association (AMCA), Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers Association of Australia (AREMA), and the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Contractors Association (RACCA). “The proposal does not recognise the existing VET Refrigeration and Air conditioning qualifications or the national ARCTick licence scheme for handling synthetic refrigerants,” says the AIRAH submission. “Requiring refrigeration and air conditioning technicians to acquire certification in plumbing in order to be licensed for mechanical services is inappropriate.” However, AIRAH does support national licensing, including harmonised state systems. A national occupational licensing system for refrigeration and air conditioning should be competency based and require a high standard of training to Certificate III and IV levels in refrigeration and air conditioning VET courses. The full AIRAH submission statement can be viewed at www.airah.org.au/advocacy n

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 25

Safety corner

SAFETY ALERT WorkSafe Victoria has

SAFE USE OF FLAMMABLE REFRIGERANTS

issued a safety alert concerning Class 2.1 Flammable refrigerant gases (flammable refrigerants),

Refrigerant

which provides guidance to occupiers of premises on how to control the risk of fire and

Charge Limit

Max allowable charge

Control measures

Refrigerant Charge Limit g/m3 of Net Room Volume [1] (based on 20% LFL)

Max allowable charge per system located in the enclosed space (kg)

Can the Charge limit in either column be exceeded if control measures are used?

explosion from refrigeration

R290

7.6

1.50

and air conditioning systems

R600a

8.6

1.50

R1270

9.2

1.50

month’s Safety Corner explores

R32

61.4

11.97

Yes

location of equipment containing

R143a

56.4

11.00

Yes

R1234yf

57.8

11.27

Yes

R1234ze(E )

60.6

11.82

Yes

R142b

65.8

12.83

R152a

26.0

5.07

containing flammable refrigerants. In an excerpt from that alert, this

flammable refrigerants, and the associated risk controls measures.

LOCATION OF EQUIPMENT CONTAINING FLAMMABLE REFRIGERANTS Refrigeration and air conditioning equipment should be located outdoors and above ground in a well-ventilated area. Locating these in enclosed spaces or below ground should be avoided. Where this is unavoidable, additional risk controls should be used to prevent the dangerous accumulation of leaked refrigerant in any space.

[1] Net room volume means the gross room volume less the volume of any product, equipment, or objects located in the room.

Suggested risk controls include:

Where a refrigeration or air conditioning system must be located within the confines of, or ducted into, a building or enclosed space, the quantity of flammable refrigerant in the system should be limited so that if it leaked into the space, it would not create a concentration air tired aboveold 20tyre. per cent of lower A new take oninthe flammable limit (LFL).

RISK CONTROL MEASURES If the quantity of refrigerant in one independent/ separate refrigeration or air conditioning system, is such that it would create a concentration in air above 20 per cent of the LFL and the refrigerant has a "yes" beside it in the control measures column in the table above, additional control measures should be put in place to reduce the risk of fire and explosion.

The use of suitably located flammable gas detectors inside the space being air conditioned. Gas detectors should be alarmed and interlocked to ensure a failsafe isolation shutdown of the air conditioning system, in the event of a flammable gas leak. There refrigeration equipment is located within the confines of a building, the use of floor level flammable gas detectors interlocked with a floor level mechanical extraction system, with an alarm that will activate once a gas leak is detected. The detection and extraction system should be at floor level because most flammable refrigerants are heavier than air. If no gas detectors are installed the mechanical extraction system should operate continuously.

Elimination of ignition sources where possible.

Emergency procedures in the event of a leak.

Keeping records of maintenance and repair to the equipment, including date, contractor's details and other relevant information.

26 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

Refrigeration engineers, technicians, service persons and emergency responders must be vigilant as to the hazards associated with flammable refrigerants, including the need to use appropriate gas detection equipment. Where there is uncertainty as to what the system is charged with, proceed with extreme caution and identify the refrigerant, by testing if necessary, prior to engaging with the system.

Further information Consult AS/NZS 5149 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps – Safety and environmental requirements. Code of practice for the storage and handling of dangerous goods, WorkSafe, 2013 Disclaimer: This Alert contains information following WorkSafe's inquiries into the incident at the date of this report. The information contained in this report does not necessarily reflect the final outcome of WorkSafe's action with respect to this incident. WorkSafe does not warrant the information in this report is complete or up-to-date, and does not accept any liability to any person for the information in this report, or its use.

For more information on occupational health and safety, go to worksafe.vic.gov.au

Tradie Model

Coming this winter

The new tough guy is here - the 17 litre Tradie Hydrocell - is strong, robust with new ďŹ ttings, thicker casting, alloy connectors, heavy duty metal nozzle. Allround the new Tradie Hydrocell is now tough enough to handle whatever.

USES

FEATURES

www.hydrocellwasher.com.au

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 27

Fly Guy

REINVENTING THE WHEEL Military vehicles and ATVs have been some of the early adopters of the unorthodox design, but Bridgestone has plans to make a version of its airless tyres for use on bicycles.

Cyclists and motorists alike may be on the brink of an “airless” revolution.

Airless bike tyres aren’t necessarily a new idea – wheels made from a solid rubber composite are available for riding rough, jagged terrain where the puncture risk is high. However, Bridgestone says its airless tyre using spokes made from thermoplastic resin supports is better-engineered to absorb bumps and provide smoother ride overall. And of course, the rider will never have to patch up a puncture or adjust the air pressure in their tyres ever again.

A new take on the tired old tyre.

Tyre leaks and punctures could be a thing of the past with the creation of an innovative wheel, which doesn’t need to be inflated.

The technology could also be adopted for road cars, which has the potential to improve fuel efficiency – underinflated tyres are notorious for inefficient fuel consumption. Safety would also be improved given the tyres can't dangerously explode.

First conceptualised in 2011, Bridgestone's airless tyres use a series of rigid plastic resin spokes to help the wheel keep its shape as it rolls. The design gets rid of the typical puncture-prone inflatable inner tube used in most of today’s tyres.

Bridgestone is hoping to “roll out” its new airless bike tyres for consumers by 2019, just ahead of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics. Who knows? We could potentially see the world’s best cyclists switching to airless as they chase gold. n

BREAK THE MOULD, OR LET IT BREAK YOU!

DA20

THE AU

INS TIT

REFRIG UTE OF

N, ERATIO

ND AIR CO

ITIONIN

HE ATI G AND

AIR COND

ITIONING,

COOLING

AND COMF

ORT IN HOT

HUMID TROPIC

AL CLIMA TES

DA20

Climate zones

AIR COND

ITIONING,

COOLING

based

on temper ■ Hot humid ature and summer humidity ■ Warm summer, ■ Hot dry summer, mid cold winter ■ Hot dry winter ■ Warm humid summer, cold summer winter ■ Mild/warm summer, cold winter Figure 2.2: Six Australia n Climate

Northern Territory Zones. and Western have been Australia. Zones excluded are and tempera which known as desert, te zones (see grassland the whole Figure 2.1) of New ACT and Tasman South Wales, Southwhich include Australia, Victoria ia and large The tropical parts of , regions of Australia whichWestern Australia. zones and warm humid include hot portion of the total area zones add up to a significa humid of the contine nt nt. A climate analysis and zone mappin and heat pump g New Zealand devices carried out for air conditioners for for air conditiogovernments propose the Australian and d a three zone Mixed (Coolingning; Hot-humid (predom map heating) refer and heating) and Cold inantly cooling) to Figure 2.3. (predominantly

Residential

■ Hot-hum zones id (air ■ Cold (heating conditioning) ■ Mixed (heating required) and Figure 2.3:

ORT IN HOT

HUMID TROPIC

Note: The data contours are not as conditions, high as summer being only design average 3pm month and data year. and time periods Figures showing other for a particular months are available from the BoM.

Vapour Pressure, hPa DewPoint Temp, °C

19.0

20.4

21.7

23.0

24.1

25.2

26.2

27.2

DA20

36 hPa 34 hPa 32 hPa 30 hPa 28 hPa 26 hPa 24 hPa 22 hPa 20 hPa 18 hPa 16 hPa 14 hPa 12 hPa 10 hPa 8 hPa 6 hPa 4 hPa 2 hPa

3pm Vapour pressure (hPa) January 2013

Three zone

•

Ceiling fans are a low cost, option and low energy should be cooling conside They can be highly effectiv red where possible . e during the drier months Quality ceiling . insulation heat flows. reduces downw ard

Low-e glazing reduces internal Tropical location s can experie radiant heat. nce high diffuse • All externa radiation. l and internal should be lightly colouresolar exposed surfaces d. • Eaves on the norther n and reduce wall and window southern walls heat gains. • Externa lly shaded windows on oriented walls the east and reduce heat west load. • Shade trees to the east and west reduce heat • Low mass load. construction will time but may heat quicker cool quicker at night bridging should during the day. Therma be eliminat is used then l internal insulatioed. If high thermal Passive design particularly can improve n may be conside mass if the of building the internal red, Solar exposed building is to be s that are not conditions air conditio significantly air conditio ned. with summe high thermal masses ned reduce the should be r shading. cooling loads and can that are to provided be air conditio of building • Cooling s ned. breezes Well insulate elements such can be encouraged d roofs, optimal by design eaves both solar orientat to face breezes as wing walls. Avoid north and ion, overhan orienting building south, externa . on both east ging l window shades and west, shade s • Reflecti ventilated trees, and ve insulatio spaces large n should be openable windowfor naturally allowing free insulation used materials to air decrease the with other desirable. Light movement and cross-ve s with louvres absorption • Sealing ntilation are capacity and weight construction of heat. the building reduces thermal therefore cools to ensure vapour barrier quickly after encompasses a continuous sunset. The followin especially the building if the building g are all importa , strategies is to be air nt passive for building conditioned. If the building building design s in tropical of these strategi is to be air climates sealed and es reduces comfort in insulated and conditioned it should cooling loads . The application the building be well high perform provided with and improve : ance s well glazing. Outdoo positioned • Solar orientat incorporating r air ventilati ion on systems occupancy heat recover y should (i.e. the longer with long axis aligned spaces. be provide walls should east/west d in high and south) be oriented reduces the Infiltration to the north thermal load and window can s. on such as shoppinbe hard to minimise and solar hot This also provides optimal external walls g centres, shops, in building types water orientat (particularly photovoltaic restaurants, foyers) ions. hotels of doors. Positive and the like, with frequent opening pressuri (see 3.5.4) or air curtains sation is essential and air (see 3.5.5) can be utilised. locks •

3.2 Passive desi strategies gn

DITIONIN AL AIR CON IC P O R T ID M HU

••• 33

cooling)

heating/

One definitio n “areas where for the “Hot Humid Tropics” the summe temperature r outdoor design could be; exceeds the temperature”. indoor design dew-point Dew-point temperatures dry-bulb are a critical

introductio

This section discusses the and HVAC&R considerations designers that building must give and systems to designin for applicat g building Information ion in tropical and advice climates. is provided on Passive design strategies; Low energy design strategi es; Effects and design implicat of tropical climate charact ions eristics; • Building moisture migratio n design strategi • Design es; strategies for minimis the infiltrati ing and controll on of outdoo ing r air. This section also comfort system provides guidance selection includin on appropriate evaporative g; Ventilative air cooling, spot cooling cooling, refrigerative air and hybrid applications. conditioning,

AL CLIMA TES

HVAC system

cooling regions 2.2.3 Dewmap. point temp eratures in tropical regions

•••

AND COMF

consideration humid tropicalwhen designing comfort systems for summer dew-poclimates. The use of suitable maps hot int contour the likelines showing s are useful s of conden when assessin sation and g air moistur Figure 2.4 e content. shows pressure which the average 3pm January using the table. relates directly to dew-po vapour int tempera the BoM climateThese maps reflect ture zone and climate the information above but in quantifies classific ation the moistur and also shows e content in figures the drop in the air inland from moisture the and east coasts northern coastline content moving and down of Australia. the west

Australia and New Zealand cold and hot-hum id regions with mixed demand betwee n

Figure 2.4:

Average 3pm

January vapour

2.2.4 Evap orative in tropical cooling

pressures.

APPL IC

AT IO N

MA NU

regions Evaporative air coolers are not suitable cooling in hot Zone 1. Evaporahumid tropical climates for comfort , see Figure tive air coolers coastal area 2.5 are suitable and most of in the souther see Zones the inland n 2 and 3. areas of Australi a,

n Simple user-friendly format n Covers the application, selection, design installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of AC and other comfort systems in hot humid tropical climates n Standardises and promotes best-practice design, installation, and management n Outlines principles and processes applicable to any building type or size in hot humid conditions. n A must-have design resource.

Order you copy online at www.airah.org.au/DAmanuals

28 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

DA20

Building de and system sign selection 3.1 Section 3

HUMID TROPICAL AIR CONDITIONING

AIRAH’s bestselling technical application manual, DA20, is available as a hard copy.

AN STR ALI

AIRAH and Industry classifieds Building Physics Forum 2017

EVENTS

AIRAH’s inaugural Building Physics Forum will focus on air movement, thermal performance, and the control of moisture across building envelopes. Date: Thursday, June 15 Venue: Stamford Plaza, 39 Edward Street (Corner of Edward and Margaret Streets), Grand Ballroom, Brisbane.

Western Sydney Trade Night AIRAH Trade Nights are a great opportunity to broaden your networks and see the HVAC&R industry's latest innovations. Date: Thursday, June 1 Time: 4.00pm–7.00pm Venue: Rosehill Gardens, Western Sydney, NSW Cost: Free

AIRAH Trade Nights are a great opportunity to broaden your networks and see the HVAC&R industry's latest innovations. Date: Thursday, June 8 Time: 4.00pm–7.00pm Venue: Sky City Casino, Darwin, NT Cost: Free

Join AIRAH’s WA division for a presentation on energy metering and management. Time: 4.00pm Venue: State Library of WA, 25 Francis Street, Northbridge Great Southern Room, fourth floor.

Cost: Free for members, $65 for non-members

Join AIRAH for a session on electronically commutated (EC) motors, presented by John Bourne from A.G. Coombs and Mark Jones from Ziehl-Abegg.

Qld – Ammonia Emergency Response

Date: Friday, June 9 Venue: TAFE Skills Tech, Acacia Ridge

Time: 6.00pm Venue: Southbank TAFE Functions & Restaurant, 66 on Ernest, Brisbane

Cost: Free for members, $60 for non-members

QLD – EC Fan Motors

This course equips participants with everything they need to know in order to handle ammonia in an emergency situation.

Date: Tuesday, June 6

Date: Tuesday, June 27 Time: 5.30pm Venue: Southbank TAFE Functions & Restaurant, 66 on Ernest, Brisbane Cost: Free for members, $55 for non-members

Cost: Free for members, $55 for non-members.

HVAC&R Nation is offering a free industry classified service!

FREE Classified Ads

Date: Tuesday, June 20

Venue: The Hotel Urban St Leonards, 194 Pacific Hwy, Greenwich, NSW

In the face of significant energy costs and concerns over global warming, buildings are receiving increasing scrutiny. They must reduce their carbon footprint and cut their energy expenses.

The AIRAH Northern Territory division invites members and guests to its annual Golf Day at the Gardens Park Golf Links on June 9. Date: Friday, June 9 Time: TBA Venue: Gardens Park Golf Links, Chin Quan Road, The Gardens, Darwin

Speakers from some of NSW’s leading BMS suppliers will jointly present, and share the knowledge they have gained over many years. Time: 5.15pm registration, for a prompt 6pm start. Finger food and drinks from 5pm.

Qld – Buildings: Commercial, Healthcare and Lab Energy Use

Darwin Golf Day

WA – Energy Metering and Management

Date: Wednesday, June 7

TRAINING

Darwin Trade Night

NSW – All the 'Right Stuff' on Controls

Whether you are looking, selling, trading or tendering – HVAC&R Nation classifieds is the best way to spread the word!

HVAC Hygiene

Send in your submissions, text only – no images or logos.

Send your submissions to: boon@airah.org.au or c/o AIRAH, Level 3, 1 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne Vic 3000.

BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES

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AIRAH’s HVAC Hygiene Best Practice Guidelines is available to purchase in hard copy. n Establishes the criteria for evaluating the internal cleanliness of HVAC system components n Clearly determines when cleaning is required, according to the building use n Describes the components of HVAC systems to be evaluated n Describes the types of contamination likely to be encountered and includes for post fire and flood damage assessments

n Specifies minimum inspection frequencies for various HVAC systems and components for scheduled maintenance programs

Purchase online at www.airah.org.au/store

June 2017 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 29

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One way of reducing noise is to select a larger tower levels from cooling larger, slower towers with a lower speed pressure

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AIR QUALITY

MANUAL APPLICATION of Institute Australian Air Conditioning Refrigeration, and Heating

(%) Cooling Tower Distance through water relationship between Figure B1 Temperaturea counter flow cooling tower and air in

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Open circuit towers, closed condensers circuit towers all and evaporative achieve their require good access to ambient rated performanc air to to be provided e. Sufficient space needs the manufactur around units to achieve this, at least recommend ers recommended minimum. ations cannot Where susceptible be achieved to derated for recirculation and may the unit may be the need Units are locatedpurposes of the particular to be capacity to prevent application. building air warm discharge intakes air entering across populated (mechanical or natural) or areas. Access servicing and is provided flowing maintenanc for installation, e. The essential points to consider the net free when locating area of the a unit are air inlet pathways any blockage to the tower, or plant and of tower air intakes or louvres by the pipes adjacent walls clearances between the tower and drop, cause etc. Any issue that can poor distribution increase recirculation of air or cause the pressure should be or promote resolved. If recommend the tower ed manufactur be achieved, velocity limits and er required then the tower rating is also distances can achievable.

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The directivity factor Q, if is specified available from at the manufactur tower. Typicallya given angle from the er, centre line Q may be the inlet or outlet, falling as high as 8 directly of the opposite tower (see Figures 3.15 to 1 or 0.5 at the sides and 3.16). In levels off the of practical terms,the less than the cased side of a tower noise will often be levels off the 6 to 12 dB louvered side.

—

DA17

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Check out more Lighter Side submissions on the AIRAH Facebook page @AIRAHconnect.

Application Manual

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fan. This increases reducesDA17 loss or a S fan power, and the capital COOLING TOWERenergy operating costs. hence fan sound power, andcostfanbut

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Centrifug rol in and arou S DA01 Cont itioning COOLING TOWER Noise for air cond DA02 Duct work introduction an hrometrics recovery DA03 te HVAC&R ation and psyc DA08 condensa Load Estim bution and DA09 cation – distri n Steam and appli applicatio DA11 selec tion Appendix B tion and Fans – DA13 itioning rs – selec air cond Air Filte for 5 g DA1 Pipin Water DA16 Towers Cooling t DA17 Treatmen nce Water Maintena DA18 itioning HVAC&R air cond DA19 Tropical tion Humid Refrigera DA20 Water properties high quantity of water is the Ammonia m Balancing At 30°C A very useful property during its evaporation. DA21 Syste of heat that is absorbed 2,425kJ/kg during evaporation. Water ity allowed to be it absorbs approximately DA24 safe unless it is Air Qual Another and pathogens. Water is also environmentally Indoor by toxic substances vapour mixes and DA26 contaminated its

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If the stated sound power sound power level is a total at any point level then the free field cooling tower around the sound pressure tower can level be determined = from: Lw + 10 log 10 (Q/4πr2)

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You can check out the full suite of AIRAH DA Manuals at

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••• 57

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Air

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te of Refrig urne VIC 3000 lian Institu Street, Melbo 8949 th 3 39614 1 Elizabe Fax: +61 Level 3, 3000 3 8623 Tel: +61

Austra

h.org.au www.aira

1 WINNER

DISASTER DESIGN This is what the “engineer” came up with, according to Bryce from NSW. “Despite five fridgies asking to redesign it, this is how it HAD to be installed.” n

OR COOL ROOM? CThis ARAVAN unit may be a tad oversized. Spotted by Andrew from NSW. n

WORRIES. I GOT THIS, BRO” “As NO quoted by Kurt’s mate Chaz when they went to inspect a split system hit by lightning in NT. n

OUT BURNT Ben from WA was called in when the customer complained the DRC was not cooling. No surprises what was causing it – dead short between the capacitors. n

W ARDROBE MALFUNCTION One of Darren’s mates from WA bought some cheap units from a retail store, and also had a cheap install done. At least this wardrobe has a new clothes line now! n

HAVE YOU COME ACROSS SOMETHING SCARY, UGLY OR JUST PLAIN FUNNY? If your entry is deemed the monthly winner, a bottle of Jim Beam bourbon 750ml will be on its way to your door. Please include a postal address with your entry. Entrants must be aged 18 years or over. Send submissions to editor Boon Mark Souphanh at boon@airah.org.au.

30 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | June 2017

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