HVACR Nation September 2018 by AIRAH

The tough conversation

Opening up about mental health

Skills WORKSHOP

Sizing suction lines

Deep freeze on the high seas

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2 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

September 2018 / ISSUE 115

Deep freeze on the high seas 10 HVAC&R Nation is published by the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air conditioning and Heating (Inc). AIRAH – National Office James Harrison Centre 3/1 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia. Tel: 03 8623 3000

Fax: 03 9614 8949

www.airah.org.au/nation

Magazine team Communications Manager Matthew Dillon matt.dillon@airah.org.au Tel: 03 8623 3000

Editor Mark Vender mark.vender@airah.org.au Tel: 03 8623 3022

Image: Carrier Transicold

There are millions of them in circulation, they form a vital part of the worldwide cold chain, and people in the know call them “reefers”. Sean McGowan takes us into the wonderful world of refrigerated containers.

Contributing writer Sean McGowan

Advertising sales

HVAC&R Nation regulars

Glenn Douglas glenn.douglas@airah.org.au Ph: 03 8623 3018

The Toolshed

Skills Workshop 15

See what’s new in the ‘Shed

John McGrath john.mcgrath@airah.org.au Ph: 03 8623 3007

8 Global Update Industry news from around the world

Exclusive to September

Cool Tech A portable projector the size of a soft-drink can

ISSN 1834-9522 HVAC&R Nation is printed on paper sourced from well manned forests and other controlled sources.

Refrigerant suction line sizing

Safety Corner Even in the same classification, gases have varying levels of flammability

Disclaimer HVAC&R Nation is an official publication of the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating Inc. Statements expressed in HVAC&R Nation do not necessarily reflect the policy or views of AIRAH or its members. No responsibility is accepted by AIRAH, the Editor or HVAC&R Nation’s supply partners for the accuracy of information or for errors or omissions. HVAC&R Nation is distributed without charge to all financial members of AIRAH. The publisher reserves the right to alter or omit any article or advertisement submitted and requires indemnity from advertisers and contributors against damages or liabilities that may arise from material published. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the Publisher.

Green Wedge We check out the “Loo with a view” at Tasmania’s Skullbone Plains

24 HFC phase-down Q&A As of January 1, Australia started lowering import quotas of some refrigerants

26 Around the Nation Who’s in the news?

AIRAH News How do you explain what HVAC&R is to industry outsiders? Simple: share this video

28 Smoko with . . .

13,142 March 2018

The tough conversation Traditionally it’s not something we have talked about – especially in the trades. But people are now opening up on the subject of mental health.

Q&A with Bridie McDonald

Lighter Side The shonkier side of the nation

PLEASE CONSIDER THE ENVIRONMENT AND RECYCLE THIS MAGAZINE IF YOU ARE NOT GOING TO KEEP IT.

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 3

Editorial

CAN I MAKE A DIFFERENCE? It’s a question I often ask myself in a world that seems to spin faster every day. We can easily see problems, but solving them is another matter. Take the environment. Global warming has been on the agenda for decades now, and we’re more conscious than ever of how badly we’re polluting the planet. There’s been some great work going on to highlight the issues, and to address them too. But after all that, are we now finally heading in the right direction? Or are we still speeding towards hell in a designer handbasket? For me, the answer to that question changes almost daily. And although there are many pessimistic days, there are good days too. Earlier this year a guy called Paul Hawken visited Australia and brought a big injection of positive energy. He was Down Under to talk about something called Project Drawdown. If you haven’t heard of it, it’s worth checking out at www.drawdown.org. It’s basically a list of 100 solutions that can reverse global warming. As Hawken explained, these solutions weren’t dreamed up by the project team; they already exist and are being taken up by governments, industry, communities and individuals. Project Drawdown simply identified them and then built a model to quantify how big a difference each solution can make. Then they ranked them, a bit like a hottest100. The top 10 makes interesting reading. At number eight you’ll find solar farms, number three is reducing food waste, and number two is onshore wind turbines.

On the ground, however, what does the HFC phase-down really mean to the average fridgie?

We are hearing this question from people in the industry who are busy enough just dealing with everyday business and who aren’t seeing any changes, even though the phase-down began at the start of this year. Can you guess what number one is? Hawken says they didn’t know what the top solution would be when they entered all the data and waited for the model to crunch the numbers. Eventually it came up with something that no one expected. Refrigerant management. That’s right, despite remaining invisible to large parts of the population, our industry could be the biggest solution to global warming. The model looked at the effects of fewer leaks and better refrigerant disposal. It also looked at the HFC phase-down – the move to gases that have a lower global warming potential. The numbers are impressive, and make me believe that we are on the right track. On the ground, however, what does the HFC phase-down really mean to the average fridgie?

I’d encourage you to check out our article on page 24. Although it may not be apparent yet, the phase-down is happening, and it will have a massive impact on the refrigerants and equipment we use – as well as the skills a fridgie will need. The whole industry will have to evolve, and for those who can get ahead of the wave there will be some great opportunities. For more proof that all of us can make a difference, I also urge you to check out our feature on mental health in the workplace, starting on page 20. Even if it’s just chatting to a co-worker and asking them if they’re OK, it can be just as important as trying to save the planet. @AIRAHnews

Mark Vender Editor mark.vender@airah.org.au

Advertise in HVAC&R Nation HVAC&R Nation, has the highest distribution and readership of any HVAC&R publication in Australia. Targeted distribution Circulation 13,170 Readership 32,925 HVAC&R Nation is distributed free over the counter at more than 260 outlets Australia-wide including: Actrol, Heatcraft, Airefrig Australia, Beijer Ref, Cold Chain Group, Polyaire, Reece, Totaline, Tradeline Plumbing and TAFE colleges.

Contact: Glenn Douglas – glenn.douglas@airah.org.au or John McGrath – john.mcgrath@airah.org.au 03 8623 3000 4 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

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September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 5

Toolshed 01

Panasonic on board with R32

“While considerations are required for its mildly flammable (A2L) properties when in application,” says BOC, “it has a very low burning velocity and narrow window of flammability, making it one of the safest A2L refrigerants available. R1234ze is non-flammable for storage and handling (ADG class 2.2).

In line with the move to lower global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants required by the HFC phase-down, Panasonic has launched a new range of products that use R32.

“R1234ze is designed to be high-performing, more cost-effective, have a reduced environmental impact, and with non-toxic properties it offers greater safety than other alternatives,” the company says. “As R1234ze has a significantly lower GWP than traditional refrigerants (less than 1), it has a much lower impact on the environment.”

There are outdoor units from 6kW to 14kW, and indoor units including ducted, cassette, under-ceiling and wall-mounted. The outdoor unit has a single fan body and a compact design to make it easier to fit into a variety of spaces and layouts. 01

It also features Panasonic’s premium inverter technology. According to the company, this ensures constant comfort air conditioning, with precise temperature control and a wider power output range to perform in even the most extreme conditions in Australia.

Go to boc.com.au/refrigerants or call 131 262 n

“Panasonic has a 60-year track record in providing innovative air conditioning products and solutions that create comfortable and healthy living spaces,” says product marketing manager Jack Tey. “At the same time, we also championed ease of installation and the needs of all users. This theme is ever-present in our latest range. “We have also developed smart control management solutions to help users control and monitor energy consumption, and remove the restrictions of traditional systems.”

Mitsubishi Electric Australia has launched Service ME, a mobile phone app for air conditioning and refrigeration service technicians. “Service ME provides easy step-by-step guides that give quick solutions and help technicians resolve issues out of hours,” says Mitsubishi Electric Australia.

“The Service ME app is a one-stop shop for all product information, design and troubleshooting issues. This eliminates the volume of physical documentation required for technicians when installing or servicing Mitsubishi Electric products. Users can access the newest, most current technical manuals as well as a decade worth of information.”

Call 1300 COMFORT n

Smart servicing

Relief for time-poor tradies

In the past, service technicians had to rely on CD ROM or USB to access this information, a process that was time-consuming.

simPRO has released a new Data Feed add-on that is designed to save time on data entry. It uses complex algorithms to draw information from multiple electronic formats and interprets it for use in a variety of administrative tasks.

“This is another step for Mitsubishi Electric Australia in regards to innovation and enabling service technicians, retailers and consumers with positive solutions,” says Mitsubishi Electric Australia national service manager Michael Smith.

It was initially developed for businesses that use simPRO on top of other platforms. The add-on allows these businesses to continue operating the way they choose while it works automatically to pull correct data from other non-integrated systems.

“Ensuring that technicians have an efficient source of product information makes their job quicker and easier, which in turn makes our customers happy.” The Service ME app is available on both Apple and Android devices, and provides information and solutions on air conditioners, controls, refrigerators, freezers, air curtains and fans.

As a result, administrative tasks like client updates, purchase orders and job requests or work orders can be streamlined as data sourced from emails and email attachments like PDFs and Excel documents are gathered and then allocated within simPRO.

Go to www.mitsubishielectric.com.au/service-me-app.html n

“Essentially this enables simPRO to have a one-way integration with any other system that can send emails with data,” simPRO director Curtis Thomson says.

Shark tough

“Australian businesses are often time poor due to current market and industry demands,” he says. “We’re here to help make businesses run efficiently.”

GulfCoat is a contractor-applied corrosion-resistant coating for coils, components and cabinets that is distributed through RectorSeal Australia Pty. Ltd.

Prices for simPRO’s Data Feed start from $39 (plus GST) for three data feeds, with no charge included for installation and set-up. Additional packages are also available for 10 or 20 data feeds.

“The water-based synthetic polymer blue or clear coating significantly extends new HVAC&R coil lifecycles in corrosive environments with negligible thermal heat transfer loss,” the company says.

Go to www.simpro.com.au/blog/data-feed-release n 04

HFO to go!

As the HFC phase-down begins to take effect, expect to see a reduction in the supply of popular refrigerants such as R134a, R404a and R410a. To fill the gap, BOC has launched the Solstice ze refrigerant, or R1234ze. Solstice za has been developed by Honeywell as a sustainable alternative to traditional refrigerants including R134a. BOC says it can be used in energy-efficient chillers, commercial air conditioning, as well as in other mediumtemperature applications such as heat pumps, refrigerators, vending machines, beverage dispensers, and CO2 cascade systems in commercial refrigeration. 6 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

“Dubbed as shark tough, GulfCoat was designed to protect new and existing HVAC&R equipment from corrosive coastal air and passed ASTM B117 test standards for salt spray. It also passed multiple marine and industrial ASTM test standards for resisting UV rays, acid rain, high concentrations of urban vehicle emission air pollutants and other outdoor contaminants that prematurely corrode unprotected coils and components.” The company claims that GulfCoat’s thin 0.4–1.4mm coating boasts a minimal thermal degradation of less than 1 per cent and helps maintain optimal thermal heat transfer over the coil’s lifecycle by deterring debris, dirt, mould and moisture accumulation. The smooth gloss finish has also been developed to maintain system static pressure and airflow efficiency.

GulfCoat is available in 340g aerosol cans. As a guide, the company says that one can coats a residential unitary split

Toolshed system, mini-split or light commercial unit of up to 2.5 tonnes or a maximum 0.7m2 of coil space.

efficient condensers with a high thermal transmission rate into the series, proprietary components optimised for the system as well as its Ecoline reciprocating compressor.”

Go to www.rectorseal.com/gulfcoat n

Go to www.bitzer.com.au n

Leading lites

Bitzer is expanding its range of condensing units with the new air-cooled Ecolite series. The three condensing units with one fan as well as the four units with two fans are designed for a wide range of applications, from 1.5kW to 5kW in the low-temperature range and from 3.5kW to 16kW in the medium-temperature range. Bitzer says they are suitable for cold stores, display counters and small shops.

TradeMutt is a workwear brand that makes signature brightly coloured workwear shirts for tradies – with a message. The social enterprise was co-founded by Dan Allen and Edward Ross in 2016 after a close friend of Allen’s took his own life. The signature colourful, loud and vibrant shirts are intended to act as a catalyst to starting the conversation around mental health in men.

“In the past, men admitting having mental difficulties has generally been perceived as a weakness,” the team says. “TradeMutt’s goal is to shine a spotlight on the toll mental health is taking in our Australian men and providing a platform to start a conversation.

“The adaptability of the Ecolite models to various applications is outstanding,” says product manager of system solutions Stefan Dorn. “The reasons for this are its compact, low noise design as well as the use of efficient components in combination with the capacity control of the semi-hermetic compressors.”

“It is a well-known fact that if intervention is sought early, we can save more young Aussie blokes and effectively lower the rate of suicide.”

Mechanical Varistep control provides smooth adjustment of capacity. Bitzer says the condensing units have also been specially developed for low-noise operation, and have a robust and corrosion-resistant housing for outdoor use. “Thanks to their compact construction, they can also be easily integrated even when space is limited,” the company says. “Another advantage of the Ecolite series is that it only requires a small amount of refrigerant. To achieve this, Bitzer integrated

Bright idea for mental health

TradeMutt donates 5 per cent of profits to mental health and suicide prevention programs throughout Australia. 07

DO YOU HAVE A NEW PRODUCT TO GO IN THE TOOLSHED?

There are three styles of shirt to choose from – the Faf (shown left), the Coight (right) and the Mr Feel Good. They retail at $65 each. Go to www.trademutt.com n Email mark.vender@airah.org.au All submissions received will be considered, though publication cannot be guaranteed.

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 7

Global Update

USA

JAPAN

GERMANY

COOL BANANAS

ANTI-SNOOZE AC

ACID TEST FOR HFOs

A research study has found that cold temperatures suppress the activity of proteins that contribute to a banana’s distinct smell.

Daikin and Japanese IT company NEC are trialling an air conditioning control system that improves the efficiency of office workers by preventing drowsiness.

The German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) has warned that the degradation of HFO R1234yf – widely used in mobile air-conditioning systems – into trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) could contaminate the water supply. HFOs are currently entering the market as an alternative to HFCs, which are being phased down.

Around the world, millions of tonnes of bananas are transported in refrigerated containers. Although chilling delays ripening, it also can damage the fruit and subdue its aroma. The research team stored some freshly harvested green bananas in the cold, and others at room temperature. Once removed from storage, the chilled bananas ripened more slowly than those at room temperature, and they had an off flavour. Experiments confirmed that refrigeration decreased the activity of aroma-forming genes. The scientists detected a pair of proteins called MabZIP4 and MabZIP5 that appear to play an important role in activating these genes. n

Daikin and NEC have been conducting joint research into the use of AI in air conditioning since announcing their arrangement in 2016. NEC’s face recognition technology recognises the movement of someone’s eyelids. When it detects that an individual is falling asleep, it temporarily lowers the room temperature. Light levels and aromas have also been used to wake workers up. It was found that arousal increased when the room temperature, set at 27°C, was temporarily lowered to 24°C. Changing light levels and introducing aromas had a less pronounced effect. Trials are ongoing, but there are plans to have the technology ready within two years. n

PORTUGAL

CHINA

“We are watching with concern the increased use of R1234yf in car air conditioning systems and stationary refrigeration systems,” says UBA president Maria Krautzberger. According to the UBA, TFAs are classified as hazardous to water, degrade slowly and are poisonous to algae. The concentrations in German water supplies are still at the “precautionary level” recommended by the UBA, but the agency is worried that more cars entering the market containing HFOs will push levels up. n

GREECE

HIGH-TECH CONTROL

CFC CRACK-DOWN

QUOTA CHAOS

As Portugal swelters through a record-breaking summer, the country’s National Laboratory for Energy and Geology has launched a demand-response project with the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organisation (NEDO) – a Japanese organisation promoting industrial, energy and environmental technologies.

Earlier this year, reports emerged of a “mysterious” rise in CFC-11 quantities in the atmosphere. Then in July, a new report from the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) revealed that 18 companies in China were using CFC-11 in the polyurethane (PU) foam insulation sector.

The HFC phase-down is biting particularly hard in Europe, where the F-Gas quotas – more ambitious than the Australian targets – have driven up the price of some refrigerants.

The project will test technology to remotely manage power demand and usage in four public facilities in the capital of Lisbon, including the city hall. NEDO and Daikin have installed multi-split air conditioning systems equipped with cold storage units and a demand-response function that will control energy demand in line with signals sent by the grid operator. The project aims to reduce consumer bills, ensure grid reliability and maximise renewable energy use during peak demand periods. n

According to the report, most of the companies used CFC-11 in between 70 to 100 per cent of their production. They claimed it was cheaper and made better foams. Chinese authorities have now promised to investigate and punish companies and individuals suspected of producing and selling ozone-depleting substances (ODS). “This special action is a large-scale and wideranging one in recent years,” says a government spokesman. “The purpose is to find and combat illegal activities involving ODS, especially CFC-11, and ensure compliance results.” n

8 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

As a result, reports have emerged of blackmarket refrigerants being sold in various markets, including the UK, Germany and Poland. Now, it appears Greece is being flooded by illegal products too. In an open letter, 14 companies and organisations have appealed to the Greek government to stop the flow of illegal refrigerants from Albania, Macedonia, Turkey and Bulgaria. They claim that the level of illegal imports is costing the country over €20m (Au$31.3m) in lost taxes. “Unscrupulous operators are about to or have already illegally imported fluorinated refrigerants in refillable or even [banned] disposable containers,” the letter says. n

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Please contact your nearest Beijer Ref Australia branch or call 1800 234 537 for further detail. Beijer Ref Australia Branches NSW: Albury, Alexandria, Auburn, Campbelltown, Newcastle; QLD: Archerfield, Geebung, Gladstone, Rockhampton, Southport, Toowoomba, Townsville; SA: Adelaide; VIC: Ballarat, Bendigo, Clayton, Thomastown, West Melbourne; WA: Perth Follow us:

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September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 9

Cover Feature

Image: Carrier Transicold

DEEP FREEZE ON

THE HIGH SEAS There are th e refrigeratio n systems w those we do e see and us n’t. In the m e daily and id d le of the ocean in their milli , re ons are tran frigerated co sporting fre ntainers sh and froze n produce a the globe, w round rites Sean M cGowan. According to the World Shipping Council, the global refrigerated shipping container fleet reached about 2.1 million TEU (20-foot equivalent units) in 2012, representing a little over 6 per cent of the total global container fleet that measures in excess of 33 million TEU. These containers are carried by liner ships (container vessels) that number over 6,000 globally, each with the capacity to carry several warehouses worth of goods. Commonly referred to as “reefers”, refrigerated shipping containers allow us to transport everything from meat, fruit, vegetables and dairy products to temperature-sensitive chemicals and pharmaceuticals across Australia, our region and indeed the world.

Developed following the containerisation of shipping in the 1950s, refrigerated containers have become the main method of transporting refrigerated and frozen goods over the oceans.

ANATOMY OF A REEFER Willy Yeo, director of marketing for global container refrigeration at Carrier Transicold, says most container refrigeration systems are of the front-wall design, a configuration invented by Carrier 50 years ago.

10 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

“These fit within a narrow steel frame, approximately 8 by 8.5 feet [2.4 by 2.6m], that cleanly bolt to the front wall of an insulated shipping container.” Standard refrigerated containers are 40 feet (approximately 12m) in length, with 20-foot and 10-foot versions also available. “Ownership of refrigerated containers today is fairly evenly split between shipping lines and leasing companies that provide shipping containers to container shipping lines,” says Yeo. Every container has a unique number for identification purposes, and is tracked by each movement. For example, HLXU 3721738 is a valid Hapag-Lloyd shipping number – where HXL is the owner code, U is the category (reefer), 372173 is the serial number, and 8 is the check digit. No two containers will ever have the same number. Although the refrigeration systems serving these containers are like typical refrigeration units – with controls, compressor, condenser and evaporator – they differ in that they can control the interior temperature from anywhere between -35°C to 35°C, with a tolerance of ± 0.2°C, depending on the cargo. Specially designed units for deep freeze, which often transport fish such as tuna, can pull down to -60°C. The internal lining of a container is typically stainless steel, with the floor raised in a T-section to allow air flow. Air is delivered along the floor section and is returned back over the top of the load in a continuous cycle. And because the container is air and water tight, the internals of the container are pressurised constantly, ensuring a consistent air flow across the cargo surface. Traditional refrigerated containers are designed to plug into and operate on the power supply of container

Cover Feature A REEFER TECH’S PERSPECTIVE As a third-year apprentice in the HVAC&R industry, Bridie McDonald has experienced a broad range of refrigeration and air conditioning applications, but it’s been the reefer industry that has taken her interest most. After starting out in 2014, McDonald began working on installing domestic split systems before progressing to the service and maintenance of split and ducted systems, ice machines and pharmaceutical refrigerators. “Working in residential applications for a few years, I realised it wasn’t exactly my type of thing,” she says. “I took some time off to review my future career goals and explore different parts of the HVAC&R industry.”

Reefers are not converted dry containers – they are specifically manufactured and conform to standard ISO container dimensions.

ships, but recent advances in solar PV have seen the emergence of solar-powered units for use on land. Electrically, refrigerated containers feature automatic phase correction, microprocessors and full data record. Most units today are also fitted with GPS to allow access to unit operating condition during the voyage, including real-time temperature readings.

In early October 2017, McDonald came across an opportunity to work with transport refrigerated containers. “As I was taught, a vapour compression system is almost always the same on many applications, just with some components added or removed,” she says. “Refrigerated containers are the same – the only real difference is that they can be transported easily.” Working with South West Containers, based in Sydney’s south-western suburbs, McDonald now spends her days maintaining and repairing reefers.

“Refrigerated container faults are easier and quicker to diagnose, you just have to know what you are looking for. Most components are easily accessible from the exterior of the container, but if there isn’t enough room to move around outside (for example, if the container is pushed up against a wall) it can be hard to change parts.” While McDonald says that the refrigeration cycle and components are easy for any technician to understand, the electrical components involved can throw curveballs to those unfamiliar with them. “Electrical components and wiring diagrams can be very complicated upon viewing, to match or trace the circuit physically,” she says. “Every brand has its own electrical layout, so it’s hard to explain without physically showing it.” Since starting in this part of the industry, she has seen first-hand how small businesses rely on reefers for their stock – from butchers and bakers to farmers and florists. “I occasionally work at intermodal terminals, but would love the opportunity to work on the main ports throughout Australia as well as travel on ships when breakdowns occur,” she says. McDonald kindly agreed to answer a few questions for us in our Smoko With section. Check it out on page 28.

Once off-loaded from the ship, the container is transferred to a truck for ground transport and will typically be powered by a portable generator set until the cargo is off-loaded and the container is returned to port to await further service. Most traditional refrigerated shipping containers are still operating on HFC refrigerants such as R134a and R404A. However, various environmental actions are moving the industry towards the adoption of lower global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. For instance, HFO refrigerant blends such as R513A are being adopted by some fleets as a replacement for R134a. R452A is being used as a replacement for R404A.

Although the refrigeration cycle and components will be familiar to fridgies, the electrical components can be harder to understand.

Others have turned to natural refrigerants. After a number of years of successful trials, CO2 is becoming more popular.

MODES OF OPERATION According to Carrier Transicold, refrigeration units serving refrigerated containers have four main modes of operation: chill, heating, frozen and defrost. When the temperature set-point is above -10°C, the unit is said to be in chill or perishable mode. During perishable operation, the heating mode may also be active. The controller uses a sensor placed in the supply air, which is the coldest air inside the container, to deliver a constant supply air at set-point. In Carrier Transicold systems, the controller can adjust the cooling capacity automatically by opening or closing a variable valve that is in the refrigerant flow path returning to the compressor. This valve is called a stepper motor suction modulation valve (SMSMV). September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 11

Cover Feature Because the interior fans circulate air inside the cargo space, the temperature can vary depending on the cargo temperature. If the supply air gets too cold, the controller will turn off the refrigeration unit and activate heating mode, in which electric heaters will warm the circulating air to bring the temperature back to set-point. The controller’s ability to automatically manage supply-air temperature is key to avoiding frosting or freezing damage to cargo and maintaining perishable quality in transit. At any set-point of -10°C or lower – frozen mode – the controller manages the box temperature by way of the return-air temperature sensor. Because the return air is the warmest air inside the container, the cargo temperature will be at set-point or below when the return-air temperature is also at set point. In frozen mode, the heating mode is locked out and the SMSMV is 100 per cent open when the compressor is running, which means the unit is operating at full capacity until set-point is achieved. Once the set point is reached, the controller cycles the compressor off and the interior fans continue to circulate air until the air temperature is above set point and the compressor switches back on. The controller continues to cycle the compressor off and on to maintain the set point temperature ±0.5°C. During the refrigeration process, moisture from the cargo within the circulating air of the refrigerated container is trapped on the evaporator coil and turns to ice. To stop the evaporator coil becoming blocked and preventing good air circulation, the controller will periodically turn off all components and then activate the electric heaters, which are located underneath the evaporator. The hot air rises, melting the ice, and the water drips down into a tray and is drained outside. Once the defrost cycle is complete, refrigeration resumes. The automatic defrost mode varies the defrost cycle, depending on cargo and cargo space conditions, although the user can manually set the defrost timing cycle if required. As well as these four modes, more advanced options can be achieved by adding sensors and other technology to help control the internal humidity as well as the balance of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This helps to reduce the ripening and spoilage of perishables.

THE QUEEN OF COOL Imagine having such a passion for something that you would be prepared to devote the prime years of your life to it. That’s the story of Barbara Pratt – dubbed the Queen of Cool – who spent much of her twenties living inside a refrigerated shipping container. Her work helped revolutionise the reefer business and led to many advances in both the technologies and methods used to transport refrigerated goods around the world.

lab, part mobile home. It enabled Pratt and her colleagues to travel the world studying the impact of transportation on fresh and frozen products.

Pratt grew up on an orchard farm before attending New York state’s Cornell University. Knocking back opportunities for post-graduate education, she joined Sea-Land, a shipping company founded by the inventor of shipping containers, Malcolm McLean.

These findings led to all sorts of innovations we take for granted today, from reefer container design through to packing methods and customisation to achieve the particular ventilation, airflow rates and temperatures that fresh produce requires to sustain transportation.

It led to her spending years working in a “Mobile Research Laboratory” – a modified, 40-foot shipping container that was part science

Today, Barbara Pratt is the director of refrigerated technical services for Maersk Line in North America.

Also available is an atmosphere control technology to control O2 and CO2 levels, and an integrated capability to remove ethylene, a hormone produced by fruit that can accelerate ripening. Other modes are available to fine-tune performance for energy efficiency based on the specific commodity being transported.

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING A typical refrigerated container may take several voyages each year, and because of the high value of the cargo carried, reliability is critical. From the moment a container is loaded with cargo, the container’s interior temperature is monitored daily. Modern software can now also monitor the performance of the refrigerated container.

TOP 10 WORLD CONTAINER PORTS You might not be surprised to know that China has seven of the top 10 container ports in the world, with South-East Asia having nine of the 10. Rank

Port

Shanghai, China

37.13

Singapore

30.90

Shenzhen, China

23.97

Ningbo-Zhoushan, China

21.60

Busan, South Korea

19.85

Hong Kong (SAR), China

19.81

Guangzhou Harbor, China

18.85

Qingdao, China

18.01

Jebel Ali, Dubai, UAE

15.73

Tianjin, China

14.49

“While the refrigeration system is in use, the software monitors the operation of fan motors, sensors, compressors, valves and more to see if the unit is running within normal parameters,” says Yeo. Given their use and the conditions in which they operate, reefers are built tough. They usually fail due to physical damage to both the refrigeration unit and the container itself. Water ingress can also cause electrical failure, if the control box and components are not sealed from the elements. And regular checks are vital. As service warranty agents for the four major reefer manufacturers, Craig Lyttle, Australia/New Zealand technical/service manager for JPC Reefer Services knows a thing or two about getting reefers back into service. “The life of a refrigerated container is approximately 10 to 12 years,” says Lyttle. “Over that time they are handled and shifted many times by forklift, truck, train and ship. “Before each trip and cargo loading they are placed for a pre-trip inspection (PTI) to ensure they are capable of carrying cargo to destination. This involves checking over the units for any impact damage, corrosion related issues or machinery repairs.” Pre-trip inspections usually occur portside. Lyttle says the main maintenance issues he sees with refrigerated containers are salt-water corrosion, water ingress and impact damage.

Volume 2016 (million TEU)

Source: World Shipping Council

Source: www.maersk.com

If a problem arises at sea, he says all shipping lines carry spare parts onboard their vessels to allow the unit to be repaired to prevent loss. “Loaded units both on land and on vessels take priority and have strict time constraints,” he says. “The shipping industry is 24/7 and does not stop.” Port of Shangai, China

In comparison, Sydney’s Port Botany overtook Melbourne as Australia’s largest container stevedoring port in 2016–2017, processing a record 2.5 million TEUs. It was closely followed by Melbourne with 2.4 million TEUs.

12 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

Editor’s note: HVAC&R Nation thanks Carrier Transicold and JPC Reefer Services for providing the information used in the preparation of this article. If you or someone you know works in an interesting, hidden part of the HVAC&R industry, we’d love to hear about it. Email mark.vender@airah.org.au All submissions received will be considered, though publication cannot be guaranteed. n

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sales@temperzone.com.au September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 13

Cool Tech

CAN-DO PROJECTION Imagine a smart portable entertainment hub the size of a soft-drink can. Behold the Nebula Capsule. The Capsule is an immersive cinema that you can enjoy anytime,

The Nebula Capsule is retailing for around $600 – is it too early to start writing to Santa?

anywhere.” Here is an incredibly versatile “immersive cinema” that can go anywhere. Want to project “how to” YouTube videos on the garage wall while you build your wood-fired pizza oven? Not a problem. If you feel like using your bedroom wall as a screen to watch all eight Star Wars films, you can do that too. Given that TV screens are getting ever bigger without any loss in picture quality (if anything this is actually getting crisper) you wonder about the need for a home projector at all. But then you encounter a gadget such as the Nebula Capsule, a soft-drink-size smart device, and you wonder no more.

“The Capsule is an immersive cinema that you can enjoy anytime, anywhere,” say its makers, Anker. “Using Android 7.0 it plays content from your favourite video streaming apps including Netflix, YouTube, Spotify and others. It also mirrors your phone’s screen to create a remarkably detailed picture up to 100 inches. Complementing the stunning image quality is a class-leading 360° speaker, and four-hour

battery life. All in a body no larger than a soda can. Portable entertainment will never be the same again.” Nebula says advanced IntelliBright algorithms deliver a remarkably vivid and radiant picture. Weighing just 425g, and boasting a built-in speaker, the wi-fi Capsule is super portable. Of course, you can boost performance by connecting it with a portable speaker. “The Nebula Capsule will not blow your mind with brightness, blacks, or image quality,” says GQ tech writer Andrew Goble. “But it will blow your mind with how damn fun and portable it is.” n

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14 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

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HVAC&R

SIZING REFRIGERANT SUCTION LINES

MODULE

115

Skills Workshop PROUDLY SPONSORED BY

Skills summary n What? A guide to the correct sizing of suction lines in a refrigeration system.

n Who?

PULLOUT

Relevant for anyone involved in the design, selection, installation, operation, maintenance and assessment of refrigeration systems.

METHODS OF SIZING SUCTION Several methods of sizing may be used, but in this text the use of the simple table is recommended, as it is suitable for most applications. It is first necessary to determine the actual length of tubing required between evaporator and compressor, measured in metres. Next it is necessary to add the effect of all bends (elbows) and valves fitted in the line, all of which cause a pressure drop. For convenience of calculation, each fitting is given an equivalent length – that is, a length equivalent to a straight tube of the same size which would produce the same effect. The overall equivalent length of piping is, then, the sum of actual length and the equivalent length of fittings. Reference to tables such as Table 1 enables the equivalent lengths of line valves, bends and tees to be determined and added to the actual length.

DETERMINING THE TUBING SIZE

If the full-rated capacity of refrigeration equipment is to be achieved, careful attention must be given to the proper sizing of suction, liquid and discharge lines. Excessive pressure drop leads to reduced system capacity, while insufficient vapour velocity causes compressor lubrication problems. When a condensing unit is used on a particular installation, the discharge line does not present a problem, as this is already sized and piped into the unit. The suction and liquid lines, however, must always be correctly sized, as excessive pressure drop in either of these lines will impose a severe penalty on the operating capacity of the compressor. This skills workshop provides methods of sizing the suction line, with an example.

∴ Equivalent length = actual length + equivalent length of fittings. Table 1: Equivalent length of valves and fittings (m)

Valve or fitting type

Pipe sizes – mm 12.7

15.9

22.2

28.6

34.9

41.3

66.7

103

Valves Globe

5.2

5.5

6.7

8.8

60Y

2.4

2.7

3.4

4.6

6.1

7.3

9.1

45Y

1.8

2.1

3.7

4.6

5.5

7.3

8.8

Angle

1.8

2.1

3.7

4.6

5.5

7.3

8.8

Gate

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.2

1.4

Swing check

1.5

1.8

2.4

3.0

4.3

4.9

6.1

7.6

9.1

Angle lift check

1.8

2.1

3.7

4.6

5.5

7.3

8.8

Globe/ vertical lift check

5.2

5.5

6.7

8.8

Elbows 90° std

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.3

2.7

Tables 2 and 3 of suction line sizes for refrigerants R134a and R22 enable line size to be selected according to the suction temperature, equivalent length and the evaporator capacity by direct reference. The sizes selected will result in a pressure drop of approximately 1 kelvin only.

90° long radius

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.8

1.2

1.5

1.8

45° std

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

180° std

0.7

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.7

1.9

2.5

3.7

4.6

5.2

Note: While use of R22, an HCFC refrigerant, is being phased out, Table 2.4 and its accompanying example calculation still provide a good illustration of the pipe‑sizing process. Under Australia’s commitment to the Montreal Protocol, imports of R22 have essentially ceased, though annual imports of small amounts will be allowed until 2030 for servicing of long‑lived existing equipment and use of existing stocks and re‑use of recycled R22 will also be permitted.

Branch flow

0.8

0.9

1.2

1.5

2.1

2.4

3.7

4.6

5.5

6.4

Str thr flow 1:1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.8

1.2

1.5

1.8

Str thr flow 1:4 (red)

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.4

1.7

2.1

2.4

2.7

Str thr flow 1:2 (red)

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.3

2.7

Tees

(Reproduced with permission of Heatcraft Australia.) September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 15

HVAC&R Skills Workshop Table 2: R134a suction line sizing data Pipe‑carrying capacity in kW. Based on 41°C condensing temperature and pressure drop equivalent to 1.1 K.

°C SST (∆p kPa)

Pipe sizes – mm

Equivalent length (m)

9.6

12.7

15.9

19.1

22.2

28.6

34.9

41.3

66.7

1.19

2.72

5.13

8.76

13.6

27.4

47.8

75.7

156

277

0.81

1.86

3.50

5.98

9.26

18.7

32.7

51.7

107

189

10°C

0.65

1.49

2.80

4.79

7.41

15.0

26.1

41.4

85.7

152

15.34

0.55

1.27

2.39

4.09

6.32

12.8

22.3

35.3

73.2

129

0.49

1.12

2.12

3.61

5.59

11.3

19.7

31.2

64.7

114

0.44

1.02

1.91

3.27

5.06

10.2

17.8

28.3

58.5

104

0.99

2.29

4.29

7.33

11.34

23.0

40.1

63.5

132

232

0.68

1.56

2.93

5.00

7.74

15.7

27.4

43.4

89.8

158

5°C

0.54

1.25

2.35

4.00

6.20

12.6

21.9

34.7

71.9

127

13.45

0.46

1.07

2.00

3.42

5.29

10.7

18.7

29.6

61.4

108

0.41

0.94

1.77

3.02

4.68

9.50

16.6

26.2

54.3

95.7

0.37

0.85

1.60

2.73

4.23

8.59

15.0

23.7

49.1

866.6

0.82

1.88

3.56

6.09

9.42

19.2

33.3

52.9

110

194

0.56

1.29

2.43

4.16

6.43

13.1

22.8

36.1

74.8

132

0°C

0.45

1.03

1.94

3.33

5.15

10.5

18.2

28.9

59.9

106

11.74

0.38

0.88

1.66

2.84

4.39

8.95

15.5

24.7

51.1

90.3

0.34

0.78

1.47

2.51

3.89

7.92

13.8

21.8

45.2

79.9

0.31

0.70

1.33

2.27

3.52

7.16

12.4

19.7

40.9

72.3

0.67

1.55

2.93

5.01

7.76

15.8

27.6

43.6

90.5

160

0.46

1.06

2.00

3.42

5.30

10.8

18.8

29.8

61.8

109

−5°C

0.37

0.85

1.60

2.74

4.24

8.62

15.1

23.8

49.5

87.5

10.47

0.31

0.73

1.37

2.34

3.62

7.36

12.9

20.3

42.2

74.7

0.28

0.64

1.21

2.07

3.20

6.51

11.4

18.0

37.4

66.1

0.25

0.58

1.09

1.87

2.90

5.89

10.3

16.3

33.8

59.8

0.55

1.27

2.39

4.08

6.33

12.9

22.5

35.6

74.13

131

0.37

0.86

1.63

2.79

4.32

8.80

15.4

24.3

50.6

89.6

−10°C

0.30

0.69

1.31

2.23

3.46

7.04

12.3

19.5

40.5

71.7

8.76

0.26

0.59

1.11

1.90

2.95

6.01

10.5

16.6

34.6

61.2

0.23

0.52

0.99

1.68

2.61

5.32

9.29

14.7

30.6

54.1

0.20

0.47

0.89

1.52

2.36

4.81

8.40

13.3

27.7

49.0

For other condensing temperatures, multiply by appropriate factor:

Liquid temperature

20°C

25°C

30°C

35°C

40°C

45°C

50°C

Factor

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

0.95

0.89

(Reproduced with permission of Heatcraft Australia.) 16 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

HVAC&R Skills Workshop Table 3: R22 suction line sizing data Pipe‑carrying capacity in kW. Based on 41°C condensing temperature and pressure drop equivalent to 1.1K.

Pipe sizes – inches – mm

(20.39 )

5/ 8

3/ 4

7/ 8

1 1/8

1 1/4

1 3/8

1 1/2

1 5/8

2 1/8

2 5/8

6.4

9.5

12.7

15.9

19.1

22.2

25.4

28.6

31.8

34.9

38.1

41.3

54.0

66.7

0.36 0.25 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.12

1.50 1.02 0.82 0.70 0.62 0.56 0.51 0.48

3.77 2.57 2.06 1.76 1.56 1.41 1.29 1.20

7.47 5.10 4.08 3.49 3.08 2.79 2.56 2.38

12.9 8.78 7.02 5.99 5.30 4.80 4.41 4.09

20.1 13.7 11.0 9.36 8.28 7.49 6.88 6.39

29.4 20.1 16.1 13.7 12.1 11.0 10.1 9.37

38.8 26.5 21.2 18.1 16.0 14.5 13.3 12.4

52.3 35.8 28.6 24.4 21.6 19.5 18.0 16.7

69.0 47.1 37.7 32.2 28.5 25.7 23.6 22.0

88.1 60.2 48.15 41.10 36.36 32.89 30.21 28.07

110 75.1 60.1 51.3 45.4 41.0 37.7 35.0

230 157 126 107 94.8 85.8 78.8 73.2

407 278 222 190 168 152 140 130

0.66

1.18

2.05

2.90

4.32

5.71

7.67

9.60

12.1

14.6

29.2

50.2

2.72 1.86 1.49 1.27 1.12 1.02 0.93 0.87

5.40 3.69 2.95 2.52 2.23 2.02 1.85 1.72

9.28 6.34 5.07 4.33 3.83 3.46 3.18 2.96

14.5 9.9 7.93 6.77 5.99 5.42 4.98 4.62

21.3 14.6 11.7 10.0 8.80 7.96 7.32 6.80

28.0 19.1 15.3 13.1 11.6 10.5 9.60 8.92

38.1 26.0 20.8 17.8 15.7 14.2 13.1 12.1

50.1 34.2 27.4 23.4 20.7 18.7 17.2 16.0

64.4 43.8 35.0 30.0 26.4 23.9 22.0 20.4

80.2 54.8 43.8 37.4 33.1 29.9 27.5 25.6

167 114 91.5 78.1 69.1 62.5 57.4 53.3

298 203 163 139 123 111 102 94.9

0.59

1.04

1.80

2.52

3.79

5.02

6.70

8.32

10.5

12.7

25.9

43.9

1.90 1.30 1.04 0.89 0.78 0.71 0.65

3.78 2.58 2.06 1.76 1.56 1.41 1.30

6.52 4.45 3.56 3.04 2.69 2.43 2.23

10.2 6.93 5.55 4.73 4.19 3.79 3.48

14.9 10.2 8.14 6.95 6.15 5.56 5.11

19.7 13.5 10.8 9.20 8.14 7.36 6.76

26.8 18.3 14.6 12.5 11.1 10.0 9.19

35.4 24.2 19.3 16.5 14.6 13.2 12.1

45.2 30.7 24.7 21.1 18.7 16.8 15.5

56.6 38.6 30.9 26.4 23.4 21.1 19.40

118 80.9 64.7 55.2 48.7 44.2 40.6

211 144 115 98.2 85.8 78.6 72.2

0.50

0.90

1.57

2.19

3.26

4.32

5.78

7.20

9.08

11.0

22.5

38.2

1.29 0.88 0.70 0.60 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.41

2.57 1.75 1.40 1.20 1.06 0.96 0.88 0.82

4.41 3.01 2.41 2.06 1.82 1.65 1.51 1.41

6.94 4.74 3.79 3.24 2.86 2.59 2.38 2.21

10.2 6.93 5.55 4.73 4.19 3.79 3.48 3.23

13.5 9.19 7.36 6.28 5.55 5.02 4.62 4.29

18.2 12.4 9.95 8.50 7.51 6.80 6.24 5.80

24.0 16.4 13.1 11.2 9.91 8.97 8.24 7.65

30.8 21.0 16.8 14.4 12.7 11.5 10.6 9.80

38.8 26.5 21.2 18.1 16.0 14.5 13.3 12.4

81.4 55.6 44.5 38.0 33.6 30.4 27.9 25.9

145 98.7 79.0 67.4 59.7 54.0 49.6 46.1

0.42

0.76

1.32

1.88

2.75

3.65

4.85

6.09

7.75

9.42

19.1

32.5

0.67 0.46 0.37 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.21

1.33 0.91 0.73 0.62 0.55 0.50 0.46 0.42

2.31 1.58 1.26 1.08 0.95 0.86 0.79 0.74

3.61 2.47 1.97 1.69 1.49 1.35 1.24 1.15

5.30 3.62 2.90 2.47 2.19 1.98 1.82 1.69

6.96 4.75 3.80 3.25 2.87 2.60 2.39 2.22

9.46 6.46 5.17 4.41 3.90 3.53 3.24 3.01

12.5 8.50 6.80 5.81 5.14 4.65 4.27 3.97

16.0 10.1 8.76 7.48 6.61 5.98 5.50 5.11

20.1 13.8 11.0 9.38 8.29 7.50 6.89 6.41

42.5 29.0 23.2 19.8 17.5 15.7 14.6 13.5

75.9 51.8 41.8 35.4 31.3 28.3 26.0 24.2

0.32

0.56

1.04

1.44

2.10

2.78

3.75

4.71

6.08

7.39

14.4

25.0

Minimum capacity for oil return 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

−5°C (15.976)

0.26 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08

1.08 0.74 0.59 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.37 0.34

Minimum capacity for oil return 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

−15°C

PULLOUT

(12.219)

0.18 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06

0.76 0.52 0.41 0.35 0.31 0.28 0.26

Minimum capacity for oil return 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

−25°C (9.09)

0.12 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04

0.51 0.35 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.16

Minimum capacity for oil return 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

−40°C (5.485)

0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.26 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08

Minimum capacity for oil return

For other condensing temperatures, multiply carrying capacity values by the following correction factors: Condensing temperature 27°C

32°C

38°C

43°C

49°C

54°C

1.11

1.07

1.03

0.92

0.86

0.80

16°C

21°C

27°C

38°C

43°C

49°C

54°C

3. Referring to Table 3 (30m equivalent length row in − 40°C section), it can be seen that, for evaporator capacity of 8700 W, the listed tubing size is 38.1mm.

1.15

1.10

1.05

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

4. Cross‑checking in the 40m column, 7.48 kW capacity is a bit low.

(Reproduced with permission of Heatcraft Australia.)

PROUDLY SPONSORED BY

EDITION

GERATION N REFRI TIONING ONDI RESOURCE AUSTRALIA NATIONAL AND AIR-C

HT UG O

2. Working with 35mm tube, the equivalent lengths (as listed in Table 2.2 are): (a) 1 globe valve (manual shut‑off ) = 12.0 metres (b) 1 angle valve (CPR) = 4.6 metres (c) 8 x 90° bends = 8 x 1 = 8.0 metres (d) straight tube = 12.0 metres Therefore overall equivalent length = 36.6 metres .

TO YOU

Liquid temperature

1. An estimate must be made as to the probable line size to permit equivalent lengths to be made. Reference to Table 3 for R22 refrigerant with capacity of 8700 watts at −40°C shows size would be 35mm tube (given that 38mm pipe, which more closely matches 8700, is not commonly available in refrigerant grade).

GIVIN

Minimum capacities for oil return up vertical risers based on 8K superheat and 32°C liquid temperature. Increase or reduce table values by 2 per cent for 5K more or less superheat. For other liquid temperatures, multiply table values by the following factors:

Example: Suction line needs to be sized for an ‘Apex Cold Stores’ freezer, with the condensing unit 12 metres from the evaporator. The condensing unit’s refrigerating capacity is approximately 8700 watts at −35°C suction. There are eight bends, and one angle valve (crankcase pressure regulator) and one globe valve.

5°C

1/ 2

CE 1920

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

3/ 8

SIN

1/ 4

Equivalent length (m)

°C SST (∆p kPa)

THE I ND

VOLUME

This month’s Skills Workshop has been taken from Australian Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Volume 2, by Graham Boyle, F.AIRAH.

5. Because 38.1mm is not a standard refrigeration pipe size, 41.3 is selected.

Next month: Residential AC systems: Energy efficiency, noise reduction and other features September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 17

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18 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

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Safety Corner

HOW FLAMMABLE IS YOUR REFRIGERANT?

for example A2L, there are considerable differences including the “chance of flame occurring” and the “effect of flame occurring”. When comparing two mildly flammable A2L refrigerants, HFC R32 and HFO R1234ze, you will see that R1234ze requires around 1,000 times more megajoules of energy to ignite than R32. R1234ze burns at a rate of 0 (no flame propagation as tested by AIST Japan as per ISO 817), whereas R32 burns at a rate of 5–10cm per second. R1234ze is also non-flammable below 30°C and would require a “perfect storm” to occur with all elements aligned to have a risk of ignition. Although flammability classifications are the industry standard, we should not assume all refrigerants in a category such as A2L are the same. When exposed to the same circumstances, R32 will perform very differently to R1234ze.

Even within each category, for example A2L, there are considerable differences

TAKING A SAFETYFIRST APPROACH When installing flammable refrigerants, it is important to eliminate any ignition risk. For example, when using R1234ze, it is recommended that temperature is controlled to maintain less than 30°C or that ventilation is installed to keep concentration below the flammability limit.

Tayler Stevenson, Affil.AIRAH, is BOC Limited’s product manager for factored gases. He explains that even within classifications, not all refrigerants have the same characteristics. As the HFC refrigerant phase-down continues in Australia, there is an increasing spotlight on the flammability classifications of alternative refrigerants – and rightly so, as the industry must put the safety of its technicians and customers first. Refrigerants have long been a balancing act of flammability, toxicity, performance, environmental impact and cost to produce. However, new restrictions on environmental impact are pushing engineers and technicians towards alternatives that have not traditionally been used. While there is more choice now, one thing is still clear: there is no silver bullet refrigerant for every application.

That is why it is critical that the industry understands the safety and flammability conditions of traditional products and alternatives including HFOs (R1234yf, R1233zd, R1234ze), HFO-HFC blends (R450a, R513a) and naturals (CO2, ammonia, hydrocarbons).

LEVELS OF FLAMMABILITY Although there are clear flammability classifications for refrigerants – including A1 (non-flammable), A2L (mildly flammable), A2 (lower flammability) and A3 (higher flammability) – even within each category,

Flammability

Safety Group

For example, while sometimes effective in new systems, there have been cases of hydrocarbons being retrofitted in systems that are not designed for them. This puts the subsequent service technician and customer at risk, especially when warning labels are not present. It also poses financial risk to the end-user and can leave installers liable for damages should an incident occur. n

The information in this Safety Corner was provided by Tayler Stevenson, Affil.AIRAH, from BOC Limited, who says: “While BOC supplies both synthetic and natural refrigerants to the market and has done so for many years, we believe education and awareness is essential to ensure technicians and end-users make the right refrigerant choices.”

Higher flammability

Flammable

Lower flammability

A2L

B2L

No flame propogation

Lower toxicity

Higher toxicity

Refrigerant safety classifications (from ISO 817)

With refrigerants in the A3 higher flammability category, such as hydrocarbons, R290 and R600, greater care and industry training is needed to ensure the safety of technicians and end-users.

For more information go to boc.com.au/refrigerants

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 19

Feature

Image: MATES in Construction.

THE TOUGH CONVERSATION Anxiety, dep ression and suicide can And despite affect any o the tough A f us at any ti u s s me. ie stereotype, industry are those in the definitely no HVAC&R t immune. A s Sean McG it’s time to o owan report pen up abo s, ut mental h ealth. Mental health conditions affect people from all walks of life, backgrounds, professions and income levels. Whether it’s depression, anxiety or another condition, it can no longer be considered a taboo subject to be dealt with privately. Beyondblue is an independent not-for-profit organisation that works to address issues associated with depression, suicide, anxiety disorders and other related mental disorders. According to beyondblue, almost one in two Australians will have a mental health issue at some stage in their life. And one in five workers is experiencing a condition right now. “Mental health issues can affect anyone at any time,” says beyondblue CEO, Georgie Harman. “No one is immune.” According to Harman, however, talking openly about the subject helps reduce stigma, tackles discrimination and counters outdated attitudes and behaviours. Thankfully, the HVAC&R industry is beginning to have the conversation.

NOT BLACK AND WHITE Everyone’s state of mental health varies during their life and changes in response to different stresses. According to Heads Up – a resource developed by the Mentally Healthy Workplace Alliance and beyondblue – mental wellbeing exists on a broad continuum. This ranges from healthy functioning at one end through to severe symptoms or conditions that affect everyday life and activities at the other. “When someone has a mental health condition, it can impact on how they think, feel and behave,” Heads Up says. “It may also impact on their physical health.” Mental health conditions can range from mild (lasting only a few weeks) to moderate and severe issues that affect all areas of life. Many people also experience symptoms without having an illness. With the right support and treatment, most people affected by a condition recover and lead healthy, fulfilling lives.

20 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

Suicide is the leading cause of death for Australians between the ages of 15 and 44

And although recovery is different for everyone, many people can manage their mental health condition well and without it significantly affecting their work or life. Anxiety and depression are the two most common mental health conditions experienced by Australians, and are more likely to affect people during their working years.

TAKING IT SERIOUSLY Increasingly, businesses around Australia are developing action plans and strategies to make their workplaces more conducive to good mental health. These plans might include increasing the awareness of mental health, reducing stigma, supporting staff with conditions to stay or return to work, and running courses to educate employees. Natalie Donohoe, CEO of mental health training provider Premium Health, says we are still in the early stages of destigmatising mental health issues as a society. Many businesses therefore aren’t even aware of what kind of support they need to provide to staff.

Feature “Avoidance and doubt are easy options, and entirely understandable,” she says. “But clear education around what workplace mental health policies exist and best practice around staying well at work is a vital step forward.” Donohoe says that 90 per cent of Australians believe that workplace wellbeing is important, but only five in 10 workers feel that their company is mentally healthy. “Better mental resilience has been proven to improve employee engagement, reduce mental illness triggers and even increase overall performance,” she says. “Mental health training equips workforces with the knowledge and skills to proactively manage and respond effectively and appropriately to mental health issues in the workplace. ” “It also allows managers and supervisors to be aware of the conditions that are prevalent in today’s community, to have the tough conversations if required and to understand their role in promoting a mentally healthy workplace.”

MATES IN CONSTRUCTION The statistics around suicide in Australia are confronting. According to the Black Dog Institute, over 2,500 Australians die by suicide each year. It is the leading cause of death for Australians between the ages of 15 and 44. In 2016, about three-quarters of people who died by suicide were men. More males died by their own hand than in motor vehicle accidents. And the problem is even greater within the building and construction industry. Suicide among construction workers (predominantly men) aged between 15 to 24 years is more than twice as high as other young males, according to the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. In this industry, 190 Australians take their own lives each year. The reasons could be many – relationship problems, financial hardship, alcohol and drug abuse. Construction workers also tend to spend long hours working and commuting, do physically demanding labour and have poor job security, all of which can make social support more difficult. But given the alarming statistics, why are we only just talking about it?

IF YOU’RE STRUGGLING If you’re struggling, Phil Wilkinson, F.AIRAH, says it’s important you talk to someone – whether that be your GP, a family member, trusted friend or helplines such as beyondblue.

What is the worst that can happen?”

“Check out the symptoms and get educated,” he says. “Three million Australians live with depression or anxiety, so it’s not uncommon. But it is a very debilitating health condition that you cannot see from the outside.”

“ Don’t hide away at home – the health benefits of human contact are becoming much better understood. Keep turning up to life and try to keep everything as normal as possible, even when the depressed mind is telling you not to.

And for those who are unsure?

Wilkinson says that for him, it has been important to stay connected to life.

“And importantly, keep communicating to your boss and colleagues.”

“Have the conversation anyway!

“If the building and construction industry in Australia is to improve the mental health and wellbeing of workers and to reduce suicide,” says the group, “then it cannot be left to the mental health professionals. Everyone in the industry must play their part.”

SUPPORTING STAND-ALONE TRADIES

MATES in Construction was founded by Jorgen Gullestrup, a plumber by trade who saw first hand the impact of suicide on construction industry workers, their families and friends.

Just as they affect those working in the commercial building and construction sector, so to do they impact the lives of individual tradies, including HVAC technicians, fridgies and other professionals in the trade.

Following a 2006 investigation into suicide in the Queensland commercial building and construction industry, Jorgen – then state secretary of the plumbers union – decided it was time to take action, and MATES in Construction was born. Within its first five years of operation, Queensland construction industry suicide rates had fallen by 8 per cent. Today, it provides a suicide prevention model through community development programs on construction sites and supports workers in need through case management and a 24/7 help line. Similar programs are now being offered in the energy and mining sectors. It’s worth remembering too that although the rate of suicide is higher for men than women, women employed in male-dominated industries can be at just as much at risk of mental health conditions. So don’t just keep an eye out for your male work colleagues – reach out to those women you work with too.

Mental health conditions do not discriminate.

“The tradie culture can be toxic,” says Jeremy Forbes, a trade-qualified painter and decorator from central Victoria. “There’s long hours, working in the elements, chasing up money, working with chemicals, at heights, organising materials, looking after your workers, managing finances and then trying to find time for your partner, family and hobbies.” Having experienced the highs and lows of the building industry, Forbes founded HALT – Hope Assistance Local Tradies. HALT aims to remind tradies that they are valued by their community, and directs them to support services, both local and national, should they need them. After almost 20 years in the building and construction industry, Forbes realised there is a stigma attached to men talking about their vulnerabilities and emotions and having the tough conversations.

“The stigma around mental health problems makes it difficult for these men to talk about their troubles,” says Donohoe. “Men tend to be less comfortable with mental health discussions, and although ideas of masculinity are changing, males are less likely to report their issues in fear of detailed follow-up conversations.” Recognising these issues, MATES in Construction is a program designed to deliver mental health and wellbeing support to workers in the building and construction industries. Established in Queensland 10 years ago, MATES in Construction has become a nationally run program based on the simple idea that “suicide is everyone’s business”.

Phil Wilkinson, F.AIRAH, speaking about mental health at AIRAH’s Future of HVAC conference.

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 21

Feature But according to the research, there are simple, safe steps that friends, family and workmates can take to identify and support someone at risk. “You don’t need to be an expert,” says Harman. “There are simple things every one of use can do and say that can reduce suicide.” The recommended actions arising from the research are: • Ask the person how they are feeling and explain changes you have noticed in their behaviour • Listen without judgement and without trying to advise them how to “fix” their situation • Ask direct questions about whether the person is thinking of suicide or has a plan • Show support and suggest they seek help from a GP or mental health professional. Some of the non-verbal indicators you should be aware of are: • Social withdrawal A HALT event at Reece Plumbing in Castlemaine, Victoria. HALT founder Jeremy Forbes is in the foreground, and yes, that’s Henry Rollins in the front row.

• A persistent drop in mood • Disinterest in maintaining personal hygiene or appearance • Uncharacteristically reckless behaviour • Poor diet and rapid weight changes

“I’ve watched tradies struggle with a myriad of issues including finance, relationships, alcohol, drugs, bullying and harassment,” he says. “But because of the stigma we don’t say anything. That has to change, and right now.” Focused on prevention and early intervention, HALT held its first “Save your Bacon” breakfast event at a local hardware store in Castlemaine, Victoria, in November 2013. It has since grown to conduct “brekkies” across Australia – at last count over 200 events. “Our events are held at hardware stores where tradies feel comfortable and socially included,” says Forbes. “There is no expectation for them to talk, but when you create that space where they don’t feel pressure to talk, they invariably do. “HALT gives the tradies, sometimes for the first time, the knowledge that others are going through what they might be and that it’s OK – they are not alone. We build the bridge between them and the local and national support services, telling them where to go and access help and letting them know it’s OK to feel vulnerable, to have the tough conversation.”

CLOSE TO HOME Of course, those working in office roles can also develop mental health conditions. AIRAH stalwart and executive manager for government relations and technical services Phil Wilkinson, F.AIRAH, lives with depression. He has championed the cause for mental health to be discussed more openly in the HVAC&R industry. “Through sharing my story, it has made me realise just how much of a massive problem mental health is in our society – it’s everywhere,” says Wilkinson. “When I discuss depression, I put myself in a very vulnerable position, but have only seen amazing responses from people. And I would say almost everyone I’ve spoken to about it has either firstor second-hand experience of it.” But Wilkinson says he lived with depression for a long time without wanting to admit it to himself – let alone anyone else.

“Mainly because of the shame, the perceived cost of dealing with it, what it would mean for my life insurance and, of course, the stigma around admitting that I wasn’t what I thought was normal.”

• Being distracted • Anger • Insomnia • Alcohol and/or drug abuse

The first time he admitted he was living with depression was not long after the birth of his second child. He consequently saw his GP, who conducted a simple test that diagnosed him, and he saw a psychologist who put him on a mental health plan.

• Giving away sentimental or expensive possessions.

Wilkinson has since been diagnosed with Bipolar Type 2 and continues on a course of treatments and a range of other things.

• Believing they are a burden to others

He says one of the warning signs for him is insomnia.

Harman says if you notice a family member, friend or colleague displaying a combination of these factors, you should take the signs seriously.

“If I start losing sleep, I know immediately that I’m out of control with things I’ve got to do, and it’s a trigger for me to carve out some time to put my priorities in order – reflect on my to-do list. I also notice when my thinking is speeding up, which is another trigger for me to check in on myself.” Through sharing his story, Wilkinson has been amazed by the support he has received. “My colleagues and peers have been incredibly supportive,” he says. “Since being diagnosed I’ve always been open with them, and told them I’m working on things, or explained that I know I’ve become withdrawn and lost my sense of humour and to bear with me. Some of them feel awkward initially, but there is nothing more heart-warming than someone asking if you are OK.”

KNOW THE SIGNS A national beyondblue-commissioned survey found Australians want to help family and friends at risk of suicide, but aren’t sure how to identify and respond to the warning signs. Half of the participants in the survey believe assisting someone at risk requires the skills of a professional. About 40 per cent believe suicide happens without warning. Almost 30 per cent believe most people at risk of suicide show no sign, and 30 per cent believe discussing suicide could encourage someone to consider planning it.

22 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

Indirect verbal indicators include: • Hopelessness • Failing to see a future • Saying they feel worthless or alone • Talking about their death or wanting to die.

“It’s natural for family, friends and workmates to worry about saying or doing the right thing if someone is feeling suicidal,” says Harman. “But people who have thought about suicide told us through the research that having someone listen to them and show care and support was the most important thing to them – and you don’t have to be a health professional to do that.” If you or someone you know is in need of crisis or suicide prevention support, please call one of the services listed below. n

NATIONAL 24/7 CRISIS AND SUPPORT SERVICES ➦ Lifeline 13 11 14 www.lifeline.org.au/Get-Help/ ➦ Suicide Call Back Service 1300 659 467 www.suicidecallbackservice.org.au ➦ MensLine Australia 1300 789 978 www.mensline.org.au ➦ beyondblue 1300 224 636 www.beyondblue.org.au

Green Wedge

LOO WITH A VIEW

and features towering old-growth forests, pristine wetlands and rare moss beds. With nature lovers keen to explore the area, and the TLC keen to keep it unspoiled, a project was launched to raise money for a visitors’ toilet. The idea was not only to provide a relief station, but also a majestic view of the surrounding plains. The Loo with a View was born. The TLC began a crowdfunding campaign with the aim of raising $22,000, a target it met thanks to donations from as far afield as Chile. Toilet designer Nick Clark also lent his support. “It’s not often that you get the opportunity to design a dunny in the Wilderness World Heritage area,” says Clark. “Infrastructure projects like Loo with a View play a really important role in managing reserves by helping to control visitor impacts.”

Ablutions without pollution at Skullbone Plains in Tasmania. Photo Chris Crerar.

The Tasmanian Land Conservancy has taken a bottoms-up approach to protecting a World Heritage area.

In a project that gives new meaning to the term “conservation movement”, the Tasmanian Land Conservancy (TLC) has built a sustainable toilet in a wilderness reserve. Skullbone Plains is a spectacular 1,647ha property in the heart of Tasmania’s central highlands that forms part of the Wilderness World Heritage Area. It is home to endangered species such as Tasmanian devils, Clarence galaxias fish and wedge-tailed eagles,

The Skullbone throne is based on a waterless pod design, which is good for the environment, uses no water, has minimal odour and is low maintenance. It was built by TLC reserve manager Tim Devereux and a handful of skilled volunteers. A large window allows people to gaze over the reserve’s sprawling plains and majestic cider gums. The loo was built offsite over winter, then trucked to Skullbone Plains for installation. The lavatory launch took place during a special Discovery Weekend in March, and the facility went on to win second prize in Australia’s Best Bathrooms competition. The entire project has been a huge success, and TLC says that with the loo now in operation, anyone is welcome to come and make a deposit. n

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 23

Special feature WHAT IS INTENDED TO HAPPEN? The gradual reduction in the availability of high-GWP refrigerants is designed to send the refrigeration and air conditioning (and related) markets a strong signal to transition towards low-GWP technical solutions. Natural refrigerants tend to be low-GWP, and they will become increasingly in demand. There is already evidence of strong growth in the bank of natural refrigerants in Australia.

WAR M H

T O

AL ORM

HFC PHASE-DOWN Q&A The Australian HFC phase-down started on January 1, 2018. But apart from some high-level industry discussions and government communications, there still does not appear to be a great deal of awareness or change happening on the ground. Vince Aherne, M.AIRAH, looks at where things stand and answers some of the key questions.

WHAT IS THE PHASE-DOWN? The HFC phase-down is part of a worldwide effort to reduce CO2 emissions and reverse global warming. Refrigerants are characterised by a property called global warming potential (GWP). This represents an “equivalent carbon dioxide effect” (CO2e) – a measure of the ability of a substance to trap heat in the atmosphere. High GWP is bad; low GWP is good. Some common refrigerants have an extremely high GWP. Astonishingly, a little more than a quarter kilogram of R404A or R507A can produce the same climate effect as a tonne of CO2. The HFC phase-down sets an import quota on specified high-GWP refrigerants, based on their cumulative GWP or CO2e. This quota limit will be reduced, in gradual measured steps, from 100 per cent (or 8.0 million tonnes CO2e) in 2018 to 15 per cent or (1.6 million tonnes CO2e) at the end of 2036. The residual 15 per cent will be an ongoing import limit. The overall pace of the phase-down is designed to match projected demand and equipment replacement at end of life.

The synthetic refrigerants industry will also facilitate a transition to reduced-GWP refrigerant replacements via reduced-GWP HFCs (such as R32) and low-GWP refrigerant alternatives (such as HFOs, or blends of HFCs and HFOs). Many low-GWP refrigerants are flammable, and that brings a range of new challenges, competencies and opportunities to the industry and its stakeholders.

HOW WILL IT AFFECT FRIDGIES? Perhaps the greatest impact will be on the tens of thousands of refrigeration and air conditioning technicians who are tasked with installing and maintaining these systems. In a world of evolving technology and controls complexity, hazards assessments, risk management, energy-targeted maintenance, and best-practice leak minimisation are all areas that will come to the fore in low-GWP RAC. There will be a high demand for new skills and a potential limited availability of high-quality training. It is possible that there will be greater specialisation within the RAC trade as the skills sets required for different sectors and different technologies diverge.

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

The good news is that there will be plenty of ongoing work to do as the industry transition continues. Markets for maintenance and retrofits should be robust, and significant opportunities will exist for the delivery of new future-proof low-GWP, low-emission HVAC&R solutions.

In many sectors of the industry, the use of high-GWP HFC refrigerants is high and growing. The report Cold Hard Facts 3 (still in draft form) estimates the current bank of HFC and HCFC refrigerants to be more than 50,000 tonnes. This represents a huge and growing CO2e burden that has to be controlled.

WHAT CAN I DO TO PREPARE FOR THE HFC PHASE-DOWN?

Most of the refrigerant bank consists of R22, R134a, R404A, R407C, R410A, and all these refrigerants (except the already phased-out R22) are targeted in the HFC phase-down.

The first best thing anyone in the industry can do is to learn about the low-GWP refrigerant-based solutions and alternatives that are currently available in your sector, and the new technologies and methodologies that are under development.

As the availability of these refrigerants becomes limited, demand will increase and prices could rise unsustainably. Certainly, this happening in Europe, although the EU has the F-Gas regulation and a different HFC phase-down schedule to Australia, so it is difficult to draw exact comparisons. There should be ample capacity within the current refrigerant quota to service existing high-GWP systems, as long as the “existing” service base does not continue to increase, but instead begins to decrease – i.e., as long as industry stops designing and installing high-GWP systems. This is a critical point, because it means that all (or most) new and replacement RAC systems will have to be based on low-GWP refrigerants – starting from now.

24 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

Inform yourself of what you are using now and its potential replacement. The biggest threat is to do nothing. The phase-down is a reality, the transition to low-GWP technology must happen, the industry must rise to the challenge. Start the conversation with your colleagues and clients: Are we ready for the HFC phase-down? n

This article was based on the cover story in Ecolibrium August. Go to www.airah.org.au/ecolibrium to read the full version.

DON’T

DON’T GET PHASED OUT BY THE PHASE DOWN

ECOLITE LHL3E

ECOLITE LHL5E

ECOSTAR LVH7E

BITZER HAS EQUIPMENT THAT IS READY FOR NEW REFRIGERANTS BITZER understands that our customers are at different stages in their low-GWP journey. Whether your system calls for traditional or new refrigerants, BITZER can assist with a solution that suits your project. The efcient ECOLITE and ECOSTAR condensing units are HFO blend ready and are easy to install, operate & maintain. For more information, call 1300 BITZER or visit www.bitzer.com.au

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 25

Around the Nation 1

BITZER AND GÜNTNER INK PACT

Compressor specialist Bitzer and heat exchanger producer Güntner have signed a long-term distribution contract. Bitzer will exclusively market all commercial and industrial Güntner heat exchanger products in Australia and New Zealand. The agreement specifies that Güntner will manufacture the goods and Bitzer will distribute them. The company stresses, however, that nothing will change for customers. Products from the commercial refrigeration segment will continue to be marketed under Bitzer’s Buffalo Trident brand; those from the industrial refrigeration segment under the Güntner brand. To supply the Australian market, Bitzer will be opening a warehouse in Sydney. Buffalo Trident’s manufacturing operations at Sunshine in Melbourne will be shut down by the end of 2018. “Both companies and their customers will benefit from the close co-operation,” says Bitzer managing director Simon Wood. “The fact that an expanded product range is now available means we can offer the right solution for every heat exchanger, refrigeration and air conditioning application.”

strengthening of its humidification and evaporative cooling business. Condair has been represented in the Australian market for more than 40 years, and through Aireven and its owner Kevin Cronin since 2001. Cronin will continue as managing director of the new entity. “We are now strategically positioned for further growth and expansion into the Australasian market,” Cronin says. “Being an integrated member of the Group will strengthen our competitive position, and give us access to additional marketing, sales and service expertise from other regions and countries.” Condair Australia offers the Condair humidification and evaporative cooling range, as well as advice, design, supply, commissioning and maintenance, and spares supply. The company will also continue to provide the “wellness” steam bath range of Nordmann humidifiers and the ultrasonic product portfolio from Contronics. Go to www.condair.com.au n

ROUND THE BEND

“The co-operation of Güntner and Bitzer will combine the advantages of high-quality global manufacturers,” adds Güntner Group Asia director Glen Wiles, “and offer customers the latest technologies for refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.”

The University of South Australia and Glaciem Cooling Technologies have teamed up to provide a new refrigerated cooling system for Tailem Bend Motorsport Park that aims to drastically cut costs and CO2 emissions.

Go to www.bitzer.com.au n

“This first commercial system is a result of close collaboration between UniSA and Glaciem,” says Professor Frank Bruno, M.AIRAH, one of the UniSA researchers involved in the project. “It uses technology developed at UniSA over the past 10 years, and our capability in refrigeration, air conditioning and solar, to deliver the world’s most efficient air-cooled CO2 refrigeration system for hot climates.”

CONDAIR ACQUIRES AIREVEN

Condair Group AG has acquired Aireven Pty Ltd in Australia, and has changed its company name to Condair Pty Ltd. The acquisition of Aireven in Australia continues Condair’s strategy of moving into promising geographic markets, as well as the global

The system integrates an efficient air-cooled CO2 system for hot climates, and a “thermal battery” that provides end users with highly efficient energy storage.

26 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

The thermal battery uses fast-melting salts as a phasechange material to charge up while energy is cheaper, and then uses this during periods of elevated prices. “Given that the currently used global warming refrigerants are being phased down worldwide, this system which uses CO2 as the refrigerant provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for the refrigeration industry,” Bruno says. Go to www.unisa.edu.au/media-centre n

SV’S FOCUS ON EFFICIENCY

Sustainability Victoria has announced a series of free workshops for business owners and operators to learn how to make their refrigeration systems more efficient, with a focus on walk-in coolrooms. In Victoria alone, it is estimated there are over 65,000 walk-in coolrooms, potentially using 1.22GWh per annum and wasting up to 25 per cent energy. A recent study conducted by Minus 40 Refrigeration Engineers and the Australian Refrigeration Association (ARA) found some defect in 70 per cent of refrigeration systems. Many of these are owned and operated by small and medium businesses. Sustainability Victoria is looking to improve this with its half-day Refrigeration Efficiency Masterclass, running around the state in September and October. Although the target audience is business owners and operators, the Masterclass will also be of interest to HVAC&R technicians. In fact, it’s a great opportunity for end-users and technicians to get on the same page and together establish better maintenance regimes. “The training will cover key principles relating to the efficient and reliable operation of refrigeration equipment, choice of refrigerants, and working with refrigeration contractors,” says Sustainability Victoria. “Participants will also be introduced to Sustainability Victoria’s free Sustainable Finance Service, that helps businesses to invest in energy efficient or renewable energy solutions.” Go to www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/masterclasses n

Around the Nation 5

KOKODA FOR A CAUSE

If you’ve read our feature story on page 20 about mental health, you’ll know that MATES in Construction is a charity working to reduce the high level of suicide among Australian construction workers. To keep doing their vital work, however, they need to raise funds, and they are hoping to do this through a trek of the Kokoda Trail. “Walking Kokoda for Mates is about raising funds to keep the boots on the ground saving lives,” says John Brady from the organisation. “We know your efforts will save lives. Even if it’s just one life it’s worth it – ask their family! “Our goal set for each trekker is to raise $5,000 – this will be the value of a field officer for 12 months.” The trek is scheduled for September 7–16 and the total fundraising goal is $100,000. As HVAC&R Nation went to print, they had secured around a quarter of that amount. You can donate through the MATES Kokoda 2018 fundraising page. Go to mateskokoda2018.gofundraise.com.au n

Across the entire company – Daikin also manufactures chemicals – sales rose 12 per cent to JPY656.8bn (Au$8bn) compared to the same period last year. Profits were also up 12 per cent to JPY83.1bn (Au$1bn). It’s the fifth year in a row that Daikin has posted record first-quarter profits. Go to www.daikin.com.au n

Applications are invited from both mentors and mentees.

SKILLS FOR THE FUTURE

Australian Industry Standards (AIS) is holding a series of free Industry Skills Forums around the country to explore current and future skilling needs in the digital age. The events will be hosted by prominent journalist and author Kerry O’Brien. According to AIS, although digital transformation brings benefits across the economy, significant change can lead to skills shortages and impact business performance. The forums will provide an opportunity for stakeholders to help shape the workforce skills and priorities for their industries. Industry leaders will participate in Q&A panel discussions about future skilling in an age of digital transformation and new thinking about jobs and careers.

Daikin Japan has reported record sales and profits in the first quarter to June 2018, including strong growth in Australia.

AIS is an independent, not-for-profit skills service organisation that develops qualifications and skills standards across a range of Australian industries. AIS works under the direction of 11 Industry Reference Committees (IRC) that represent the following sectors: energy, aviation, transport and logistics, maritime, rail, water, public safety, police, fire, defence and corrections.

The company’s air conditioning division enjoyed a sales increase of 11 per cent overall.

The first skills forum will be held in Canberra on September 11.

DAIKIN POSTS STRONG RESULTS

Europe and Oceania did particularly well, with sales increases of 22 per cent and 25 per cent respectively. Europe saw increases in sales of high-value R32 equipment in both residential and commercial sectors. Within Oceania, Australia was among the top performers, up 27 per cent. Indonesia (up 34 per cent) and Thailand (24 per cent) also experienced strong growth. An expanded sales network is thought to be one of the reasons for the positive result.

Go to www.futureskilling.org.au n

“Need some help achieving your goals? Join the mentorship program and work with a mentor to help you build your HVAC&R skills,” says ARMA. “Mentorship and support is a space to give guidance as a mentor or get guidance as a mentee. Mentors and mentees help each other to achieve their goals by having regular discussions, setting plans to make progress and more.”

FRIDGIES NEED MENTORS TOO

The Australian Refrigeration Mechanics Association (ARMA) has launched a mentorship program. The initiative matches up experienced technicians with those who are keen to learn. It is suitable for trade-qualified workers and apprentices.

ARMA will match people with similar interests and experiences, connect them on Messenger so they can get to know each other, and provide step-by-step guidance through the program. For each pairing the program runs for 10 weeks with a time commitment of one hour per week. Go to www.arma.org.au n

FANFARES AT FUJITSU

Fujitsu General Australia has made two senior appointments. Former Queensland state manager Ronnie Hinch (pictured) has relocated to Sydney to take up the newly created position of commercial development manager. Based at the Eastern Creek head office, Hinch will be responsible for driving the growth of the commercial business. He will work across the commercial channel, supporting state managers, expanding the Inner Circle Program, and looking at growth potential on a national scale. Meanwhile, Matt Bailey has been appointed as Queensland state manager. Bailey joined Fujitsu General in 2008 and has been a key member of the Queensland retail sales team. “Fujitsu General is proud to have the talent within the business to provide career growth for our staff and growth for the organisation,” says Dave Smith, general manager – sales and marketing. “Ronnie and Matt have extensive experience within the industry and the business, which will make it easier to embrace their new roles, as well as having a strong understanding of where Fujitsu General’s focus lies for the future.” Go to www.fujitsugeneral.com.au n

September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 27

AIRAH News

HVAC&R HITS THE SMALL SCREEN A new AIRAH video aims to shine a light on our much-overlooked industry. AIRAH has produced a video that celebrates and promotes the essential role played by HVAC&R in the Australian economy and everyday life. It’s aimed at the general public, who often aren’t aware exactly how vital our industry is. The video includes some key statistics surrounding HVAC&R – for instance that it is worth more than $28 billion to our economy, uses 24 per cent of total electricity, and is responsible for 13 per cent of total CO2 emissions. These numbers also help explain the industry’s preoccupation with sustainability, resilience, energy efficiency, and emissions reduction. Mention is also made of innovative HVAC&R design in some of Australia’s most iconic buildings. Examples include the seawater cooling system at Sydney Opera House, the thermal labyrinth that helps cool Melbourne’s Federation Square, and the high-performance building envelope of Adelaide’s SAHMRI building.

AIRAH executive manager – government relations and technical services Phil Wilkinson, F.AIRAH, says the video is a great way to reach a broader audience. “One problem we in HVAC&R have when promoting ourselves is that our communications tend to stay within our own world,” says Wilkinson. “This video is made for people who don’t even know what HVAC&R stands for, so it’s vital we take it out of the silo of our industry and into the wider public.”

This video is made for people who don’t even know what HVAC&R stands for For that to happen, AIRAH is asking readers to check out the video and share it with people outside the industry as well as inside it. Go to www.airah.org.au/promote n

Smoko with . . .

Name: Bridie McDonald tainers Company : South West Con

mechanic (apprentice) Occupation: Refrigeration industry do you work in? What par t of the HVAC &R Refrigerated containers &R industry? ut working in the HVAC What's the bes t thing abo the complex work. and ghs lau er fridgies, the The connection bet ween oth rs d in the industry? Four yea How long have you worke Favourite tool? Multi-grips HVAC &R industry, If you didn't work in the uld be doing? Electrician wo what do you think you tion of HVAC &R Nation? What's your favourite sec r Side) The odd jobs (aka The Lighte Dream car? HSV Maloo g, any where. Dream holiday? Campin Drink of choice? Vodka listen to? What song did you las t it Apparatus psu Jum Red by n” “Face Dow !” ? “One flash, and you're ash Favourite quote or saying Crunchie Favourite smoko snack?

28 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

Your hero? Tech suppor t! studying. . . . I'm always working or When I’m not working I’m

ActronAir. Because the Australian climate demands Australian air conditioning. The uniquely challenging Australian climate places demands on air conditioners not found in other parts of the world. Since 1984 we’ve been building better air conditioning solutions for the comfort of all Australians. And because the team at ActronAir experiences our harsh Australian conditions first hand, we develop advanced air conditioning systems specifically for our climate, with a host of innovative and sustainable features:

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More importantly, as we design and manufacture in Australia, you’ll never have to call overseas or wait long for service and support. With our call centre on-site and a National Service Network that has staff on the ground and parts on the shelves, you can trust us to provide local service you can count on. ActronAir. It’s better air conditioning for how Australians really live.

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September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 29

The Lighter Side This month’s Lighter Side is brought to you by

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MACGYVER WAS A FRIDGIE . . . IFThanks to Matt for sending in this cracker photo of a retro-fitted drain. “The drain pump has broken and they have got creative,” he says. “It’s constructed out of a lunchbox, funnel, brackets, hose and a lot of duct tape.” n

IVE ME SHELTER GKirsty in Western Australia sent us this dinky little Lighter Side entry – a weatherproof RAC unit. n

THE DEFECTS SNoPOT mounting point. Check. Poor electrical. Check.

How many more can you see on this photo from Reece in NSW? n

ARPENTER INSTALL? C“Please find attached a photo I took today of this box unit,” writes Jeremiah from Queensland. “I’m guessing the tenant can’t get a split system put in.” n

UT OF CONTROL OMichael from Melbourne was called out by a new customer to look at this thermostat. “The discolouring is fat and it was held together with silicone,” he says. “It was making a crackling sound behind the cover. Wonder why!” n

HAVE YOU COME ACROSS SOMETHING SCARY, UGLY OR JUST PLAIN FUNNY? If your entry is deemed the monthly winner, a 700ml bottle of Jim Beam will be on its way to your door. Please include a postal address with your entry. Entrants must be 18 or over. Send your hi-res (>500KB) photos to Editor, Mark Vender at mark.vender@airah.org.au

30 | HVAC&R Nation | www.airah.org.au/nation | September 2018

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September 2018 | www.airah.org.au/nation | HVAC&R Nation | 31

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