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ROOTED by Aisha Ibrahim
A thesis book for the Final Architectural Project submitted to the Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Art, and Design, American University in Dubai In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture
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Copyright © 2017 by [Aisha Ibrahim] All rights reserved Rooted 5
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Approval of the Thesis Book for Final Architectural Project Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Art, and Design, American University in Dubai
Student’s Full Name: Aisha Ibrahim
Thesis Book Title: Rooted
Student Signature: _______________________________Date: __________________
Professor Name: Prof. Abdellatif A Qamhaieh
Professor Signature: _______________________
Date:__________________
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ABSTRACT
We live in a world where the words Endangerments, Extinction, Global warming, World Hunger, Plastic Waste pollution, Waste pollution, Deforestation, Wildfires are common. We turn on the news to see one negative news to another happening within our planet. “Why is that?” some may ask. The answer is simple the balanced reciprocal relationship between humans and nature has been nearly eradicated. The parsimonious instinct of humans has taken over. Therefore, causing an increase in temperature, rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide, variance in rainfall pattern and alternative related physical stresses such as change in soil conditions, drought, and nutrient status that have caused severe changes in the composition of terrestrial vegetation present all over the globe. The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world. This Rank has not been without its challenges and consequences. “According to a 2010 report by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the UAE was rated number one in the world for having the biggest ecological footprint.” [0] As a result, overfishing, deforestation, waste, and all the negatives mentioned previously are at an all-time high. Species such as mangroves, which are home to many other species, are being destroyed for construction purposes. A mangrove is a shrub that resides all around the UAES coastal line. They protect the coastline; house shelled marine life such as the blue crabs. They attract predators like the flamingos and other birds that hunt the fishes for food, horde co2, making them one of nature’s lungs to society, and lastly, they are just so beautiful. Hence why I propose mangrove conservation, research, and visiting center. I aim to produce a design that will adopt the principals of biomimicry. I want to show the world that architecture and nature can coexist. The existence of one does not have to destroy the other.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first and foremost like to give thanks to the almighty Allah for his endless blessing over my life. I will also like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents for the opportunities they’ve afforded me. Without them, I will not have the chance to attend the university or even write my thesis. Secondly, I cannot express enough how grateful I am to my teachers who have been patient, supportive, shared insightful comments, and motivational speeches throughout my years as a student at the American University in Dubai. To my sister, my best friend, Zainab Ibrahim, thank you for being there for me always, picking up my calls, listening to my complaints, advising me, and being an overall champion. Without you, I would have probably gone insane. To my friends made at AUD (you know yourselves), I love you all. I cannot ignore your contribution to the successful completion of my book. — cheers to many more success in all our lives. Finally, I will like to thank my professor DR. Abdellatif A Qamhaieh, for pushing me always, his endless support, knowledge, enthusiasm, and threats helped garner the momentum and
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CONTENT SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 World Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 UAE’s Contribution to Global Warming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Endangered Species in UAE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 MANGROVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 What are Mangroves?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 How do Mangroves Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Why are Mangroves Unique?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ARCHITECTURE + WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Design Barges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Design on Flotation Billets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Design on Pilotis/ Stilt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Iceberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Submerged Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 BIOMIMICRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Louvre Abu Dhabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
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CONTENT Taitung Aboriginal Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 CASE STUDIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Mangrove National Park Abhu Dhabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 The Karlovac Freswater Aquarium And River Musuem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Naturalis Biodiversity Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
SECTION 2 SITE ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Sun Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Wind Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Mass & Void . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Population Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Seabed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Water depth & Salinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Transportation & Accessability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Landmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 SWOT Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
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CONTENT PROGRAMMING + SPACIAL ANALISIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Programs and spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Bublle Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Function Hierachy Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
SECTION 3 CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Concept 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Concept 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Mood Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 CITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
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SECTION 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisened and the last fish been caught will we realize we cannot eat money. -indian proverb
FIG. 1
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FIG.
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Over a thousand years ago, man only took what was necessary. They only consumed what they needed to survive. They lived in one with nature. That created empathy, love, and respect between two forms of life. Not only that but harmony, a give and
take relationship in which humans benefited tremendously. However, such is not the case today. The balanced reciprocal relationship between humans and nature has nearly eradicated because of a significant disconnect between humans and their environment.
rainfall pattern and alternative related physical stresses such as change in soil conditions, drought, and nutrient status have caused severe changes in the composition of terrestrial vegetation present all over the globe. “while changes in the characteristics of water such
as warming, increase in water level and turbidity, change in depth, nutrient loading and salinity produce profound changes in the aquatic plant communities and pose a threat to wetlands.�[1]
This is due to rapid urban development and technological advancements, which has isolated man from nature. The parsimonious instinct of human has taken over, therefore, causing increase in temperature, rise in concentration of carbon dioxide, variance in
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FIG. 3
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Worlds Environmental Pe r for m an c e Index Countries such as Singapore, Germany, Iceland, Switzerland, have taken significant steps towards improving the climatic conditions. However, countries such as India, Nepal, and the UAE are still lagging. Although the UAE has taken small steps towards sustainability, it is ranked as the country with the highest ecological footprints in the world. The UAE score is highly insufficient at less than 4 degrees. As seen in (fig.4), the deeper the color, the better the environmental performance.
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FIG. 4
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UAE “According to a 2010 report by the world wildlife fund (WWF), the UAE scored highest number one for having the most significant ecological footprint.”[2] Since then the UAE has taken steps to minimize its negative impact on the environment but is still ranked as
highly insufficient at less than 4 degrees (fig.).[3] UAE’s ranking comes as no surprise due to rapid urban developments and growth, isolated cities, massive consumption of energy, and lastly, high waste production, and poor recycling.
POPULATION
9.27 MILLION
LAND AREA
83600.00 Sq. Km
POPULATION DENSITY
110.88 Sq.Km
POPULATION GROWTH RATE
1.25%
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
$622.30 BILLION
GDP
$67133.00/PERSON
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FIG. 5
Carbon Footprint The climate requires a lot of importation of goods. UAE has the highest carbon footprint in the world.
OverFishing Rise in fishing due to the rapid population increase. This has resulted in increased stress on marine life.
LimitedWater Sources Limited freshwater source cause the government to desalinate the saline water which results in high energy use
Invasive Species The migration of animals and also illegal importation of species for entertainment purposes has caused consequences to wildlife.
Waste Generation The waste generation in the UAE is at an all-time high. Most especially food waste, which ends up in landfills. Rooted 29
ENDAGERED SPECIES IN THE UAE The poor developmental decisions taken by the UAE has affected not just humans but several other species mentioned below. This book heavily focuses on Mangroves because it is not only a species, but also a habitat for several others.
Hawksill Sea Turtle
FIG. 6
Arabian Leopards
FIG. 8
Spiny Tailed Lizards
FIG. 7
Arabian Tahrs
FIG. 9
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FIG. 10
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CHAPTER 2 MANGROVES
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FIG. 11
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MANGROVES A mangrove is a shrub or a small tree that inhabits the intertidal zones of subtropical and tropical coasts all around the world.[5] The mangroves coverage spans about 150m2 of the UAE’s coastal line.
FIG. 12
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MANGROVE ADAPTATION Mangroves are known for their unique ability to grow and survive in harsh conditions such as saline water, intense UV exposure. Not only are they survivors, they also adapt by turning their surroundings to an advantage. “First, mangroves are viviparous. They pho-
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tosynthesize; lastly, they adapt to salinity by accumulation, exclusion, and excretion. Mangroves reside where the topographic gradients are not too small and tidal amplitude not too large.�[6]
FIG. 14
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FIG. 15
Mangroves can be considered a ‘green lung’ of the UAE. An air filter that takes in a considerable amount of co2 from the atmosphere and stores. It also a natural shading device, therefore, increasing the flow of wind around its area.
FIG. 16 40 Rooted
FIG. 17
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Types of Mangroves “There are three types of mangroves in the UAE, namely: the Fringe, the Basin, and the Overwash.�[7] Each type has its characteristics and slightly different site adaptations.
Fringe
FIG. 18
Basin
FIG. 19
Overwash
FIG. 20
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FIG. 21
Overwash Mangrove The shortest, least dense and most common along the UAE coastline is the overwash.
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Basin Mangrove The Basin is not as tall as the Fringe. It is, however, denser. Basin mangroves are commonly found in Ajman and Fujairah.
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FIG. 22
Fringe Mangrove The Fringe is the tallest of all the mangroves with medium density. It is common in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Khor Kalba. FIG. 23
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POPULATION The population and density of mangroves vary around different parts of the UAE. Currently, Abu Dhabi and Khor Kalba hold the highest density of mangroves. Those in other parts of the
UAE have been removed or destroyed due to construction. Most notably in Dubai hence the immediate need to protect the surviving ones and eventually revive them.
EMIRATE
HIGH MODERATE
LOW
ABU DHABI AJMAN DUBAI FUJAIRAH RAS AL KHAIMAH SHARJAH UMM AL QUWAIN
2,481 38 250
5,291 158 13 152
3,062 12 78
TOTAL AREA 10,834 158 68 480
185 659
3 42
16 1,176
204 1,877
3,613
5,659
4,344
13,616
FIG. 24
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Mangrove Groups Functional groups also classify mangroves. Its accumulation and excretion of salt categorize each group. “Examples include; White mangrove, Grey mangrove, Black mangrove, Red mangrove. UAE’s mangrove forests consist of grey mangroves.”[8] The kind of man-
grove grown in the UAE is known as the grey mangrove. The name originated from its property. The grey mangrove absorbs saline water from its roots but excrete the salt through its leaves. Eventually, the salt hardens and attach-
es itself permanently to the leave resulting in a gray like appearance.
FIG. 25
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Species The Mangrove is home to so many species, such as the blue crabs who graze directly below the litter, the bacteria which break down the bedding, and allow the likes of shrimps, prawns, fish, etc. to feed. Animals like flamin-
gos and other birds feed on the prawns, and the decomposed animals feed the growth and development of the mangroves — the circle of life.
FIG. 26
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FIG. 28
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CHAPTER 3 ARCHITECTURE + WATER
1. “Design barges: It is among the easiest methods of building a floating house. Barges are a long flat-bottomed boat used for transporting cargos on canals and rivers, either under its power or towed by another. Architecturally the houses are not built on the barges; instead, they are built with the same
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principals as implemented on boats. Some examples of these House barges are The Vernon C. Bain Center, the floating garden in Bristol, the floating office for water net. Etc. The structure is prefabricated and placed upon the horizontal floating platform that serves as both floor and structure. The floating de-
vice structure made of air containers shaped in a way that allows them to float. Again, implementing the boat principal. The configuration of the device determins the built surface area, the weight of both house and structure, and the stability required by the functions.�[9]
Name-The Vernon C. Bain Center Location - New York Date - 1992 FIG. 30
FIG. 29
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FIG. 31
FIG. 32
Name-The Floating Garden Location - Bristol
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FIG. 33
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FIG. 35
FIG. 36
FIG. 37
FIG. 34
Name - The Floating Office for Waternet Architects - Attika Architekten Area - 875.0 sqm Location - Amsterdam Rooted 57
2. “Design on Flotation Billets: Also known as a Buoyancy system. The system consists of large concrete structures filled with expanded polystyrene, also known as flotation billets. They act as big buoys that
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maintain a stable structure and reduce humidity infiltration and accidental collapse to the design. Some examples include; The Floating Piers by Christo and Jean-Claude and the floating pavilion in Rotterdam.�[10]
FIG. 38
Name - The Floating Piers Architects - Christo and Jean-Claude Location - Italy Date - 2006
FIG. 39
FIG. 40
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FIG. 41
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FIG. 42
FIG. 43
FIG. 44
FIG. 45
Name - The Floating Pavillion Architects - DeltaSync and PublicDomain Architects Location - Rotterdam Date - 2015 62 Rooted
FIG. 46
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3. “Design on Pilotis/ Stilt: Rather than the traditional floating devices, this method is entirely in contact with the water. Hence, they do not need a stabilizing process to stop them from floating away. They are vertical columns, pillars, or stilts that lift a building higher above
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the ground. Pilotis are organized in a systematic grid pattern by providing simple points of support.�[11] These ensures minimal structural impact on the terrain. Pilotis come with a different set of problems due to their direct contact with water. As a result, they must be insulated
against humidity, depending on the material. They must be coated and treated against corrosive agents such as; fungi, rust, etc. examples include Blur Pavilion, Prinsensteiger in Amsterdam, and HET Bosch in Amsterdam.
Name - The Floating Pavillion Architects - DeltaSync and PublicDomain Architects Location - Rotterdam Date - 2015
FIG. 47
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Name - Prinsensteiger House Location - Amsterdam
FIG. 48 66 Rooted
Name - HET Bosch Location - Amsterdam
FIG. 49
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4. “Contrary to the floatation methods/ or devices mentioned above, there are more contemporary ways to fuse architecture with water. The Conrad hotel in Maldives by Ahmed Saleem is the world’s first underwater hotel villa.
The entire top floor floats above water; however, the glass-covered tube that serves as a bedroom is plunged underwater by reliable chains. It is secure by ten concrete piles, which ensure its stability and prevents it from moving.�[9]
FIG. 50
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FIG. 51
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5. Another example is the unbuilt Iceberg inspired home by Daniel Andersson. Most of his design is submerged underwater, while a tiny bit is exposed above it. “The structure lays directly on the seabed. The shape of the cottage
FIG. 52 70 Rooted
acts as a ship hull, pushing away the water to stay afloat. Secondary pontoons are placed beneath the body to act as stabilizers.�[10]
FIG. 53
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MATERIALS
ACRYLIC
TIMBER
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STEEL
COPPER
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CHAPTER 4W BIOMIMICRY
BIOMIMICRY “Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s time-tested patterns and strategies. The goal is to create products, processes, and policies—new ways of living—that
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are well-adapted to life on earth over the long haul.”[12] The aim is to identify the design function and translate nature’s principle into design without literally copying the shape or form of nature, except it helps functionally.
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LOUVRE • Architects: Ateliers Jean Nouvel • Area: 97000.0 m2 • Year: 2017 • Location: Abu Dhabi The major problem in Abu Dhabi when designing a space that is exposed to the exterior is heat and sun exposure. The architect used the mechanism of palm trees and translated it into the design of the louver. He created a dome-like structure that shades from sunlight protects from pest, and creates a surface temperature change that encourages wind flow. FIG. 55
FIG. 56 FIG. 54
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30 St Mary Axe
FIG. 57
• Architects: Ateliers Jean Nouvel • Area: 97000.0 m2 • Year: 2017 • Location: Abu Dhabi The structure of the tower is derived from the Venus’ Flower Basket (or sea sponge). It is designed similarly to the exoskeleton of hexactinellid sea sponges. The building skeleton is made up of siliceous spicules that look like tiny six-blade propellers. These form together to build a durable, cylindrical, lattice exoskeleton that appears glassy, traps natural ambient light and glows due to the spicules. 80 Rooted
FIG. 58
FIG. 59
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Taitung Aboriginal Gallery • Architects: Bio-architecture Formosana • Area: 1921.0 m2 • Year: 2016 • Location: Taiwan The topography of its surrounding mountains inspires the design. Waves of the ocean and the forest. The unique Austronesian architectural style design facilitates wind flow throughout the structure. It lets sunlight to shine through the beetle
FIG. 60
nut trees, shell flowers, and various other types of Austronesian plant life, creating an experience of being surrounded by the rainforest.
FIG. 61
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CHAPTER 5 CASE STUDIES
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WASIT NATURE RESERVE
01
“The tree which moves some to tears of joy is in the eyes of others only a green thing that stands in the way. Some see nature all ridicule and deformity… and some scarce see nature at all. But to the eyes of the man of imagination, nature is imagination itself.” —William Blake
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FIG. 63
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Architects: X Architects Area: 2534.0 sqm Year: 2016 Location: Sharjah Home to 350 species of birds, the Wasit natural reserve is a 2534.0 sqm sanctuary for over 33,000 migration birds and replanted trees.[13] The resort resides on what used to be a trash and wastewater dump, one of the very few remaining natural wetlands situated
near a large power station and also, between Sharjah and Ajman. The area rehabilitation began in 2005 by the approval of Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qassimi, Ruler of Sharjah.[14] Eventually, through the efforts of the government and other offi-
cials, the pools of toxic oil infesting the water was cleaned out, the land covered in rubbish and rusting metals was wiped clean. Finally, in 2016, the Wasit Natural Resort was built and open to the public.
FIG. 64
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SITE INFORMATION The site was selected based on its size, its distance away from the chaos of urban life, its proximity to plants and good quality soil, and, most importantly, the drive of the government and designers to transform a toxic space into a habitable one.
FIG. 65
FIG. 66
FIGURE DIAGRAM The majority of the site’s area is covered with greenery. However, as seen on (fig. ), a large portion of the south area has a prominent coverage of settlement.
FIG. 67
LANDMARKS Belhasa Driving Center Jaber Ibn Samrah Mosque
FIG. 68
LANDMARKS Sheikh Salem Bin Sultan Al Qasim St Suba Salem Al Sabah ST
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CONCEPT DIAGRAM
VIEW/ GALLARY VIEW SERVICE AREA
VI
EW
RESTAURANT/ CAFE
FIG. 69
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EXISTING ENTRY
RTH NO
FIG. 70
PANORAMA
CAGE VIEW CAGE VIEW
FIG. 71
FIG. 72
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FIG. 73
PLAN AND FUNCTIONS 1. Male Toilets 2. Janitors Room 3. Disabled Toilet 4. Janitor 5. Female Toilet 6. Corridor 7. Kitchen 8. Food Storage 9. Female Changing 10. Male Changing 11. Garbage Disposal 12. Café 13. Viewing Gallery 14. MEP Room 15. Female Toilets 16. Male Toilets 17. Prayer room 18. Pantry 19. Managers Office 20. Assistant Office 21. Meeting Room 22. Souvenir Shop 23. Storage 24. Souvenir Shop 25. Courtyard 26. Reception 27. Storage Locker
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28. Lecture Hall Storage 29. Lecture Hall 30. Corridor 31. Animal Food Kitchen 32. Freezer 33. Fridge 34. Dry Food Storage 35. Breeding Room 36. Janitor 37. Baby Room 38. Disabled Toilets 39. Female Toilet 40. Male Toilet 41. Garbage Disposal Room 42. Pump Room 43. Telephone Room 44. Store 45. MEP Area (OTS) 46. Aviary Large Heron 47. Aviary Seed Eaters 48. Aviary Goliath Heron 49. Aviary Bed of Pray 50. Avar Small Waders 51. Aviary Ibo 52. Ibo Rock Wall 53. Water Pond 54. Existing Purification Plant
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FIG. 74
Section AA
FIG. 75
Section BB
FIG. 76
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concrete screed Polypad Filter Membrane Polyplex liquid protction coat 5mm Polyethane foam with 50kg density 200mm precast concrete as structural detail aluminum end capping concrete cement board water proofing insulation board structural canopy heavy expanded aluminum
GABAION WALLS FIG. 77
WOOD FIG. 78
TILTED GLASS FIG. 79
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VIEWS The Architect uses the topography to create an adaptive and responsive design. The slope and height of the building is to minimize visual impact. The rooftop aligns with the ground floor, hence why the viewing experience begins on your way under-
ground. “The building was ow netting and gum-poles designed to disappear into to blend the Project into the the landscape. The use of landscape further.�[15] gabion walls with sand and indigenous planting of dunes up against it achieves the result. The aviary and professional structures were designed using variegated colored shad-
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FIG. 81
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INTERIOR VIEWS
FIG. 82
FIG. 83
FIG. 84 100 Rooted
FIG. 85
Rooted 101
EXTERIOR VIEWS
FIG. 86
FIG. 87
FIG. 88
FIG. 89 102 Rooted
FIG. 90
Rooted 103
104 Rooted
BLUR BUILDING PAVILION
02
Architecture is about experience: not only visual but also what you can touch, what you can feel. -Ma Yansong
Rooted 105
106 Rooted
FIG. 91
Rooted 107
Architects: Diller Scofidio + Renfro Area: 80,000 (GSF) Year: 15th May 2002 - 21st October 2002 Location: Switzerland The Blur Building is a temporary pavilion built for the 2002 expo in swiss. It is an architecture of the atmosphere that evokes all the five human senses. The sense of smell from the marine life that surrounds it. Sounds of the pressurized water, waves, or even
108 Rooted
steps of visitors while partially ferent types of water found restricting the sense of sight around the location for tastusing the fog effect. Thus, the ing. need for visitors to feel their way around the building. At the end of the experience, the visitors end their experience at the restaurant located on the rooftop. It offers the dif-
FIG. 92
Rooted 109
SITE INFORMATION
The Pavillion sits at the base of lake Neuchatel. The site was selected based on the concept of the Pavillion. The proximity of the water allows for a sustainable functionality of the nozzle system. FIG. 94
110 Rooted
FIG. 93
FIG. 95
FIG. 96
FIG. 97
FIG. 98
Rooted 111
CONCEPT DIAGRAM The concept is based on activating the five senses. Also, exposing our dependence on vision through the methods of visual restriction and engagement. The idea that
restricting the sense of sight orange figures. heightens the other four senses. Imagine being surrounded by fog, the smell of the lake, the sound of the nozzles, and the occasional
FIG. 99
+ VERTICAL NOZZLE LINES
112 Rooted
TENSENGRITY STRUCTURE
+
+ HORRIZONTAL AND VERTICAL NOZZLE (NOZZLE ALLOCATION)
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL NOZZLE LINES( NOZZLE ALLOCATION)
Rooted 113
STRUCTURE “The lightweight tensegrity structure of rectilinear struts and diagonal rods measures 300 ft full by 200 feet deep by 75 ft high and is supported by four structural columns
in the water. The 400 ft ramp works of Buckminster Fuller, and the walkway serve as an American architect and both function and structure. systems theorist. They render a counterweight for the construction.”[16] The structure is inspired by the
+18.70 ANGEL BAR LEVEL +17.35 UPPER TENSION CABLE + 11.26 MEDIA PLATFORM LEVEL + 10.85 CENTER LINE BEAM + 7.69 MECHANICAL ROOMS + 7.35 LOWER TENSION CABLE + 1.64 EXIT LEVEL +0.00 WATER LEVEL
Cross Section
FIG. 100
+18.70 ANGEL BAR LEVEL +17.35 UPPER TENSION CABLE 10.85 CARTER LINE TANSEGRITY BEAM +7.35 LOWER TENSION CABLE + 1.64 EXIT RAMP +0.00 WATER LEVEL
Longitudinal Section
114 Rooted
FIG. 101
FIG. 102
Rooted 115
PLAN AND PROGRAMS
Braincoat Station Below Exit Ramp
Landings FIG. 103
116 Rooted
Sloped Enterance Ramp
FIG. 104
Plan View at 7.69m
Rooted 117
FIG. 105
118 Rooted
Plan View at 11.26m
FIG. 106
Plan View at 18.70m
Rooted 119
120 Rooted
SECTIONS “Water is pumped from the Neuchatel lake, filtered and pumped as mist through 35,000 high- pressure nozzles.�[16] The weather system regulates the water pressure.
FIG. 107
FIG. 108
Rooted 121
122 Rooted
KARLOVAC FRESHWATER AQUARIUM & RIVER MUSEUM
03
Architecture is about experience: not only visual but also what you can touch, what you can feel. -Ma Yansong
Rooted 123
FIG. 109 124 Rooted
Rooted 125
Architects: 3LHD Area: 2915.0 m2 Year: 2016 Location: Croatia The Karlovac freshwater aquarium is an excellent example of Bermed architecture. It is located near the river Korana, Croatia. The building is buried within the earth to minimize construction impact the topography.
126 Rooted
FIG. 110
Rooted 127
CONCEPT DIAGRAM The concept is inspired by the “Karlovac Star,” also known as the “city star,” surrounded by defensive mounds and walls (fig. 110). The building acts as if emerging from the
ground to mimic the topog- interaction, raphy and reduce the visual impact on its surroundings. Also the need to go underground stems from the necessity of human and water
FIG. 111
+
128 Rooted
+
=
Rooted 129
PLAN AND FUNCTIONS The exhibition begins on the ground floor where viewers can have a look and feel of their surroundings. It continues down towards the basement floor. There the view-
ers can watch the aqua life below without interrupting their rhythm. Also, functions such as the library encourage more knowledge of the ecosystem surrounding them.
FIG. 112 130 Rooted
7. Exhibition 11. Technical Room 12. Water Analysis 13. Aquarium Technology 14. Claassroom 15. Conference
FIG. 113
Rooted 131
1. Car Entrance 2. Parking 3. Pedestrian Court 4. Playground 5. Service Entrance 6. Main Entrance & souvenir Shop 7. Exhibition 8. Office Space 9. Bar 10. Reading Room
FIG. 114 132 Rooted
Section AA
FIG. 115
FIG. 116
North Elevation
FIG. 117
East Elevation
FIG. 118
Section BB
Rooted 133
INTERIOR VIEWS
FIG. 119
FIG. 120
FIG. 121
FIG. 122
134 Rooted
FIG. 123
Rooted 135
EXTERIOR VIEWS
FIG. 124
FIG. 125
FIG. 126
FIG. 127
136 Rooted
FIG. 128
Rooted 137
SECTION 2
CHAPTER 6 SITE ANALYSIS
PROSPECT SITES Three top sites are selected based on location, mangrove density, the variation of habitats, accessability, land isolation and land proximity to mangroves. The first site is located at Abu Dhabi, and has a variety of species namely; Foxes, Algaes, Blue Crabs and some sightings of birds. Site 2 & 3 are at close proximity to each other. They are both located at Ras al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary, Dubai.
FIG. 129 142 Rooted
Rooted 143
2
LANDMARKS 1
1. Flamingo Hide Viewing Area
3
4
2. Lagoon Hide FIG. 130
3. Emarat Abu Kadra Petrol Station 4. Dubai Design Destrict 5. Plot 3
6
6. Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary 5
7
7. Ras Al Khor Bird Watching 8. Bukadra
8
FIG. 131
9. Plot 2 10. Higher Colleges of Technology 11. Dolphin Park 12. Mangrove National Park 13. Al Shabiya Police Station
9
14. Khalifa University
13 10
15
11 12
14
144 Rooted
FIG. 132
15. Royal Embassy of Thailand
TRANSPORTATION
FIG. 133
FIG. 134
FIG. 135
Rooted 145
SELECTION CRITERIA
146 Rooted
PLOT 1
PLOT 2
PLOT 3
PLOT SIZE
3
2
1
PROXIMITY TO MANGROVE
1
2
3
LANDMARKS
3
2
1
ACCESSABILITY
3
2
1
SEA BED
1
3
2
WATER CURRENTS 3
2
1
WATER DEPTH
2
3
1
SPECIE DIVERSITY
2
3
1
TOTAL
18
19
11
Rooted 147
SUN ANALYSIS FIG. 136
148 Rooted
WIND ANALYSIS
FIG. 137
FIG. 138
FIG. 139
Rooted 149
MASS AND VOID Very few masses surround ras al Khor. It is an industrial area, residential, and office area that is currently under developement. Many empty spaces will be filled if more landmarks such as the conservation center is built.
FIG. 140
150 Rooted
POPULATION DENSITY Three top sites are selected based on location, mangrove density, the variation of habitats, accessibility, land isolation, and land proximity to mangroves. The first site is located at Abu Dhabi and has a variety of species, namely; Foxes, Algaes, Blue Crabs, and some sightings of birds. Site 2 & 3 are near each other. They are both located at Ras al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary, Dubai. FIG. 141
Rooted 151
SPECIES Mangrove Plot Area - 211,076m2 Overall Mangrove Area - 582,812 m2
Plot B contains a diversity of species. From Mangroves to Algae, Barnacles, variety of birds (see next page), Shelled Fishes. This will pique the interest of the visitors. Interacting with the species will increase empathy, knowledge, and support from people.
FIG. 142
152 Rooted
Western Reef Heron
FIG. 143
Little Ginger Plover
FIG. 147
Grey Heron
Sociable Lapwing
FIG. 135 FIG. 144
FIG. 148
Dunlin
FIG. 145
FIG. 149
Greater Flamingo
FIG. 146
Black Wing Stit
Common Redshank
FIG. 150
Rooted 153
SEABED The mangroves spurts out from sand over mud type of sea bed. This is where the crabs and other animals seek refuge. This type of seabed can cause son construction problems. The solution used in (FIG. 151 ) will be best for this type.
FIG. 151 154 Rooted
WATER DEPTH & SALINITY The site sits on a wetland. This means uneven water depths, currents and waves. sometimes the land is dry while other times the water level gets as high qs 8m. The irregularity will lead to a very intresting everchanging result. The wateris highly saline hence its idal mangrove habitat.
Rooted 155
TRANSPORTATION & ACCESSABILITY The site is currently only accessible by cars. There is no pedestrian access due to its proximity to a highway. However, with the design of the visitors center, I can propose public buses and stops to get to the location and water taxis to navigate the site. The (FIG. ) shows clearly the service road that leads to the site.
FIG. 152
FIG. 153 156 Rooted
Rooted 157
ZONING Residential Commercial/ Office Buildings Industrial Public Facilities/ Institutions Open Spaces Vacant Space Parking
FIG. 154
1 Design District 158 Rooted
FIG. 155
2 Base
FIG. 156
3 Soho District FIG. 157
LANDMARKS 4
5 3
1
6
2
4
7
7
Three top sites are selected based on location, mangrove density, the variation of habitats, accessibility, land isolation, and land proximity to mangroves. The first site is located at Abu Dhabi and has a variety of species, namely; Foxes, Algaes, Blue Crabs, and some sightings of birds. Site 2 & 3 are near each other. They are both located at Ras al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary, Dubai. FIG. 160
FIG. 159
4 Hotel Marriot
FIG. 158
5 Bird Watching, Wild Life Santuary Rooted 159
VIEWS
1
The sound of nature, the unfailing rise, and fall of the sun, the fights and love between flamingos, birds are flying back and forth. All these are the experience of the view at the site.
2
v v v
v
2 1
v
3 4
5
5
160 Rooted
4
3
S W O T Pedestrian Access Santuary for wildlife
Species Diversity
Danger to Species
Dead Spaces Views
Attract people to space Public Transport
Mangrove Density
Rooted 161
CHAPTER 7 PROGRAM AND FUCNTION
FUNCTIONS Reception Exhibition Offices Reading Room Theatre Conference Room Lab Breeding Room Storage Dry Storage Kitchen (for visitors) Kitchen (for animals) Pantry Cafe Prayer Room Female Toilet Male Toilet Disabled Toilet MEP Room Parking Garbage Room Fire Room Janitors Room Souvenir Shop Pedestrian Court 164 Rooted
Toilets
Kitchen Storage
Offices Conference Rooms Janitors Room Prayer Room
Cafe Pantry
Lab Breedi Room
Toilets
Reception Souvenir Shop
Exhibition Space Theatre Reading Room
Exhibition
ing m
Exhibition
Exhibition
Rooted 165
SECTION 3
CHAPTER 8 CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
concept
Mangrove roots are spread out in proportion to its stem. The roots spread out like claws cementing its position on the location. The roots, therefore, create a network that leads to one main continuous Channel that leads to the stem. A remarkable adaptation to its harsh surroundings.
170 Rooted
This network then creates a protective nest or habitat for species like crabs and other shellfish to occupy. Using biomimicry, I came up with concepts which, aim to adapt and translate such networking into architecture. I aim to design a building that is not only interconnected but also site responsive.
Recall in chapter 6, the mention of the unique property of the site. That is the significant rise and fall of the water level — the dual feature of having both wet and dry land at different times of the year. I aim to design a building that functions as a mangrove. Adapt + Respond + Flourish.
Rooted 171
Objective
My main objective in designing a mangrove visiting, conservation, and research center is to educate, initiate, and protect. These objectives guide the concept.
172 Rooted
Rooted 173
Connectivity All three of my concepts are derived from the mechanism of mangrove connectivity, as seen in the figure below.
FIG. 161 174 Rooted
PROTECTION
INTIATION
EDUCATION
Rooted 175
CONCEPT
The site allows for endless possibilities, but at the same, it’s very delicate. A circular form brings the serenity that nature represents. The use of tensile structures and bridges will imtate the roots of a mangrove by implementing the phenomenal of 176 connectivity. Rooted
Rooted 177
CONCEPT
While concept one aims to create connectivity through a form, this concept seeks to do the opposite. It aims to Create form through connectivity. Both concepts play with the dea of elevations, shadows, and the feeling of flexible protection. FIG. 163178 Rooted
Rooted 179
Mood Board Here, are a few images that will drive my design.
FIG. 164
180 Rooted
FIG. 165
FIG. 166
FIG. 168
FIG. 167
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Illustrations
FIG. 1 - Collage by Writer FIG 2 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.shutterstock.com%2Fz%2Fstock-photo-green-human- head-with-brain-cloud-with-leafy-tree-inside-illustration-157868150.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 3 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fimlookingforanewjob.files.wordpress. com%2F2015%2F04%2Fevolution_xxl.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 4 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breakpoint.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019% 2F05%2FSMC-5-1-2019.jpeg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 5 - https://www.footprintnetwork.org/content/uploads/2016/10/Footprint-highres.p FIG 6 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-utr-H4j7sEQ%2FU100JcUG9ZI%2FAAAAAAAAC88%2FbsD3depPo_s%2Fs1600%2FHawksbill-Sea-Turtle-Images.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 7 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftwycrosszoo.org%2Fwp-content%2Fupoads%2F2019%2F01%2FSpiny-tailed-lizard.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 8 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-EXuMlI69BUA%2FUzc6fkjf73I%2FAAAAAAAALfk%2Fu2CgKc9_slY%2Fs1600%2FArabian-Leopard-HD-Wallpaper-Humsms-6.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 9 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fawsassets.panda.org%2Fimg%2Foriginal%2Farabian_tahr. pg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 10 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffthmb.tqn.com%2FePcMP5yXPSmkQptSERyxrl4h-M%3D%2F2125x1414%2Ffilters%3Afill(auto%2C1)%2FMangroves-Jadwiga-Figula-Photography-56a5f84d5f9b58b7d0df5259. pg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 11 - Photo taken by writer FIG 12 FIG 13 -Photo taken by writer FIG 14 -Photo taken by writer FIG 15 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffthmb.tqn.com%2FePcMP5yXPSmkQptSERyxrl4h-M%3D%2F2125x1414%2Ffilters%3Afill(auto%2C1)%2FMangroves-Jadwiga-Figula-Photography-56a5f84d5f9b58b7d0df5259. pg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG16 -Photo taken by writer FIG 17 - https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT1RtttlJm7owkpTvIymP1gBtXBq-_vA5ySeKJUGVk5MnQg1WOlA&s FIG 18 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmangrovesforfiji.com%2Fwp-content%2Fupoads%2F2014%2F11%2FResort-Mangrove-Management-Plan-Stage-1.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 19 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmangrovesforfiji.com%2Fwp-content%2Fupoads%2F2014%2F11%2FResort-Mangrove-Management-Plan-Stage-1.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 20 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmangrovesforfiji.com%2Fwp-content%2Fupoads%2F2014%2F11%2FResort-Mangrove-Management-Plan-Stage-1.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 21 - https://live.staticflickr.com/3111/2345462694_d06140fb29.j FIG 22 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mangrove.at%2Fimages%2Fmangrove%2Fforests%2Friverine%2Friverine%2520mangrove%2520forests%2520costa%2520rica.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 23 - https://envirodiva.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/red-mangrove-swamp-2.jpg FIG 24 - Photo taken by writer FIG 25 - Photo taken by writer FIG 26 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fa%2Fa9%2FFlamant_rose_Salines_de_Thyna.jpg%2F1200px-Flamant_rose_Salines_de_Thyna.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 27 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daf.qld.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fimage%2F0012%2F105060%2Fmangrove-life-cycle.jpg&f=1&nofb=1
182 Rooted
Illustrations
FIG 28 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F3%2F3c%2FPneumatophore_overkill_-_grey_mangrove.JPG&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 29 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2F0d4g9qvxfl-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F11%2F20151008Talwar-PrisonBarge7717-1170x780.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 30 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fi.kinja-img.com%2Fgawker-media%2Fimage%2Fupload%2Fs--kFwW8Q9d--%2Fc_fill%2Cfl_progressive%2Cg_center%2Ch_900%2Cq_80%2Cw_1600%2Fsnma8loao2p6mq5ea9rp. jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 31 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mariatherezaalves.org%2Fassets%2Fgalleries%2F450%2Fyrjo-haila-talk039.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 32 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse3.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.VVGVT5KqzlM25sGBSgsU_AHaDK%26pid%3DApi&f=1 FIG 33 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%2Ffa%2F83%2F49%2Ffa8349a22f5c7eb49674c2e875da4688.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 34 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.adsttc.com%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F54af%2F548d%2Fe58e%2Fcef9%2Fbf00%2F004f%2Fslideshow%2FAttika-Waternet_(5a).jpg%3F1420776575&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 35 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.adsttc.com%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F54af%2F5499%2Fe58e%2Fce1c%2Ffa00%2F0064%2Flarge_jpg%2FAttika-Waternet_(10).jpg%3F1420776583&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 36 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kadvacorp.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2FDid-you-ever-work-in-Floating-Office-Space-on-Water-Design-by-Attika-Architekten-15.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 37 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.adsttc.com%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F54af%2F547e%2Fe58e%2Fcef9%2Fbf00%2F004e%2Flarge_jpg%2FAttika-Waternet_(9).jpg%3F1420776546&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 38 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse4.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.07fVHlzmIHPUtkKgr7oHyQHaE8%26pid%3DApi&f=1 FIG 39 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yatzer.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fslideshow%2Ff11_christo_and_jean_claude_the_floating_piers_lake_iseo_italy_manufacturing_yatzer.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 40 - https://www.archdaily.com/790428/constructing-the-floating-piers-how-the-last-great-work-of-christo-and-jean-claude-wasbuilt/5765e082e58ece6368000066-constructing-the-floating-piers-how-the-last-great-work-of-christo-and-jean-claude-was-built-photo?next_project=no FIG 41 - https://www.yatzer.com/sites/default/files/styles/featured/public/p1_christo_and_jean_claude_the_floating_piers_lake_iseo_ italy_yatzer.jpg?itok=z2berISe FIG 42 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%2F28%2F1c%2Fa9%2F281ca9178871c32d327210a75e4f67fe.png&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 43 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideflows.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Ftransp.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 44 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideflows.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0001-1.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 45 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideflows.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0001 jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 46 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fjasonsedar.files.wordpress. com%2F2012%2F11%2Fimgp1070.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 47 - . https://www.archdaily.com/239669/think-space-look-what-charles-renfro-of-dsr-has-to-say-on-blur-building-project-aftera-decade-or-so-competition/blur-03?next_project=no FIG 48 FIG 49 FIG 50 - https://www.archdaily.com/74221/icebergs-daniel-andersson/section-226 Rooted 183
Illustrations FIG 51 - https://www.archdaily.com/74221/icebergs-daniel-andersson/illustration?next_project=no FIG 52 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.architecturaldigest.com%2Fphotos%2F5bd8a25f54719d268fefc6da%2F16%3A9%2Fw_1280%2Cc_limit%2FCONRAD%252520RANGALI%252520AERIAL%252520DJI_0849.jpg%3Fmbid%3Dsocial_retweet&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 53 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwikimaldives.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F04%2Fmuraka9.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 54 - https://www.archdaily.com/883157/louvre-abu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel/5a01c17eb22e38b1dc0004eb-louvreabu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel-c-ateliers-jean-nouvel-render FIG 55 - https://www.archdaily.com/883157/louvre-abu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel/5a01c2a6b22e38b1dc0004f6-louvreabu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel-c-ateliers-jean-nouvel-plan-b1 FIG 56 - https://www.archdaily.com/883157/louvre-abu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel/5a01c306b22e38b1dc0004fa-louvreabu-dhabi-atelier-jean-nouvel-c-ateliers-jean-nouvel-section-b1 FIG 57 - https://www.archdaily.com/928285/30-st-mary-axe-tower-foster-plus-partners/5dcabcbc3312fd7514000006-30st-mary-axe-tower-foster-plus-partners-photo FIG 58 - https://www.archdaily.com/928285/30-st-mary-axe-tower-foster-plus-partners/5dcac3a13312fd0ac9000033-30-stmary-axe-tower-foster-plus-partners-sketch FIG 59 - https://www.archdaily.com/928285/30-st-mary-axe-tower-foster-plus-partners/5dcabc343312fd7514000003-30st-mary-axe-tower-foster-plus-partners-photo FIG 60 - https://www.archdaily.com/868163/taitung-aboriginal-gallery-bio-architecture-formosana/58dc0f9fe58ecec9a6000079-taitung-aboriginal-gallery-bio-architecture-formosana-photo FIG 61 - https://www.archdaily.com/868163/taitung-aboriginal-gallery-bio-architecture-formosana/58dc0faee58ecec9a600007a-taitung-aboriginal-gallery-bio-architecture-formosana-north-east-elevation FIG 62 - https://www.archdaily.com/868163/taitung-aboriginal-gallery-bio-architecture-formosana/58dc0fb7e58eceef0900013e-taitung-aboriginal-gallery-bio-architecture-formosana-south-west-elevation?next_project=no FIG 63 - https://duckduckgo.com/?q=wasit+nature+reserves+sharjah&t=h_&iar=images&iaf=size%3AWallpaper&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https%3A%2F%2Fejarcar.com%2Fblog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F03%2Fwasit-natural-reserve-x-architects-sharjah-united-arab-emirates-nelson-garrido-photography_dezeen_1568_0.jpg FIG 64 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56f1a10ae58ece18f3000021wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 65 - https://duckduckgo.com/?q=wasit+nature+reserves+sharjah&t=h_&iar=images&iaf=size%3AWallpaper&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https%3A%2F%2Finhabitat.com%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F1%2Ffiles%2F2016%2F03%2FWasit-Natural-Reserve-Visitor-Centre-by-X-Architects-2.jpg FIG 66 - Map from snazzy maps and edit ed by the Writter FIG 67 - Map from snazzy maps and edit ed by the Writter FIG 68 - Map from snazzy maps and edit ed by the Writter FIG 69 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6596e58ece3b430002cc-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-diagram?next_project=no Edited by the writter FIG 70 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6596e58ece3b430002cc-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-diagram?next_project=no Edited by the writter FIG 71 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6596e58ece3b430002cc-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-diagram?next_project=no Edited by the writter FIG 72 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6596e58ece3b-
184 Rooted
Illustrations 430002cc-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-diagram?next_project=no Edited by the writter FIG 73 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6724e58ece3b430002d1-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-plan FIG 74 -https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb67e3e58ece3b430002d4-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-section FIG 75 -https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6758e58ece92f500010d-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-section?next_project=no FIG 76 -https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6766e58ece3b430002d3-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-section FIG 77- Taken by Writter FIG 78 - Taken by Writter FIG 79 - Taken by Writter FIG 80 -https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb66f7e58ece92f500010c-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-plan?next_project=no FIG 81 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb674ae58ece3b430002d2-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 82 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb681ce58ece3b430002d5-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 83 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6a5ce58ece3b430002d8-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 84 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6943e58ece3b430002d7-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 85 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb678ae58ece92f500010e-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 86 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb6ac3e58ece3b430002d9-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 87 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb664de58ece3b430002cd-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo FIG 88 FIIG 89 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse4.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP. xCG8L-xIfFc7qLpUBbwWWQHaE7%26pid%3DApi&f=1 FIG 90 - https://www.archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects/56eb691be58ece3b430002d6-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects-photo?next_project=no FIG 91 - https://www.archdaily.com/239669/think-space-look-what-charles-renfro-of-dsr-has-to-say-on-blur-buildingproject-after-a-decade-or-so-competition/blur-01?next_project=no FIG 92 - https://www.archdaily.com/239669/think-space-look-what-charles-renfro-of-dsr-has-to-say-on-blur-buildingproject-after-a-decade-or-so-competition/blur-03?next_project=no FIG 93 - youtube FIG 94 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/qhPK1pavswLahufzfN5DwGG9-3742x2444.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 95 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/I2rGWlOPQoK23MUFZqKYBldX-3792x3048.jpg?w=1500&fit=max
Rooted 185
Illustrations FIG 96 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/I2rGWlOPQoK23MUFZqKYBldX-3792x3048.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 97 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/I2rGWlOPQoK23MUFZqKYBldX-3792x3048.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 98 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/I2rGWlOPQoK23MUFZqKYBldX-3792x3048.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 99 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/8UnY7fLeK12zfBgaaaJc2AWn-3458x2277.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 100 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/5cLTh37f3OEvFjqJ782TjB1A-3737x2411.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 101 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/5cLTh37f3OEvFjqJ782TjB1A-3737x2411.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 102 - youtube/blurbuilding FIG 103 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/349toketl0Kl92qSXpcg3nR4-3671x2398.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 104 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/1kMbt9t8KH8tWqWIycrtFenp-3494x2304.jpg?w=1500&fit= FIG 105 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/QUslVfdTC4Phk7IW6rUkMi0C-3548x2301.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 106 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/8Qtfwrn86K8RjZCWrE4f1Vh6-3489x2308.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 107 - https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/tYC6I7liBVNFMWpzoZ1GoSGr-3777x2467.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIIG 108 -https://cdn.sanity.io/images/q2tdbkqz/production/Kwnz2DQU04lEZkXzBg80QzRq-3681x2395.jpg?w=1500&fit=max FIG 109 - 17. https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.adsttc.com%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F582e%2F8a14%2Fe58e%2Fcef8%2F7b00%2F0095%2Flarge_jpg%2F3LHD_224_Karlovac_Aquarium_ photo_by_Miljenko_Bernfest_059.jpg%3F1479445001&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 110 FIG 111 - . https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d8e4284dd1528e0002be-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-image?next_project=no FIG 112 - https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d8d3284dd1528e0002bd-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-image?next_project=no FIG 113 -https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d92a284dd1528e0002c0-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-shanghai-yangtze-river-estuary-chinese-sturgeon-nature-preserve?next_project=no FIG 114 - https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d91c284dd106bb0001a6-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-shanghai-yangtze-river-estuary-chinese-sturgeon-nature-preserve FIG 115 - . https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d958284dd106bb0001a8-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-shanghai-yangtze-river-estuary-chinese-sturgeon-nature-preserve?next_project=no
186 Rooted
Illustrations FIG 116 - https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d8be284dd1528e0002bc-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-image?next_project=no FIG 117 - https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d8be284dd1528e0002bc-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-image?next_project=no FIG 118 - https://www.archdaily.com/913061/ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china/5c87d964284dd1528e0002c4-ennead-designs-new-nature-reserve-and-public-aquarium-in-china-shanghai-yangtze-river-estuary-chinese-sturgeon-nature-preserve?next_project=no FIG 119 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse4.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP. ey58llIi7lkY_FZ-AYYX7AHaEh%26pid%3DApi&f=1 FIG 120 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fa3.images.divisare.com%2Fimages%2Fdpr_auto%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%2Cw_auto%2Fv1484644273%2Fc2ywdxlkiifcy7pvmwmo%2F3lhd-karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-museum-of-rivers.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 121 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Finhabitat.com%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs. dir%2F1%2Ffiles%2F2016%2F11%2F3LHD-Karlovac-Aquarium-Jure-Zivkovic-Dining.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 122 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arch2o.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F11%2FARCH2O-Karlovac-Freshwater-Aquarium-and-River-Museum-3LHD-19.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 123 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fa5.images.divisare.com%2Fimages%2Fdpr_ auto%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%2Cw_auto%2Fv1484644263%2Fyfjucmtrexzlco2qsmjb%2F3lhd-karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-museum-of-rivers.jpg&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 124 -https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse3.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP. hVWWLkz7kmsteMYRDps_7QHaFC%26pid%3DApi&f=1 FIG 125 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Farchitizer-prod.imgix.net%2Fmedia%2F14975237598143LHD_224_Karlovac_Aquarium_photo_by_Geoarheo_10.jpg%3Fq%3D60%26auto%3Dformat%2Ccompress%26cs%3Dstrip%26w%3D1680&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 126 - https://www.archdaily.com/799671/karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-river-museum-3lhd/582e8a3fe58eceb1c100006c-karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-river-museum-3lhd-photo?next_project=no FIG 127 - . https://www.archdaily.com/799671/karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-river-museum-3lhd/582e89f2e58eceb1c100006a-karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-river-museum-3lhd-photo?next_project=no FIG 128 - By the Writer FIG 129 - By the Writer FIG 130 - By the Writer FIG 131 - By the Writer FIG 132 - By the Writer FIG 133 - By the Writer FIG 134 - By the Writer FIG 135 - By the Writer FIG 136 - By the Writer FIG 137 - By the Writer FIG 138 - By the Writer FIG 139 - By the Writer FIG 140 - By the Writer FIG 141 - By the Writer
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Illustrations FIG 142 - By the Writer FIG 143 -By the Writer FIG 144 - By the Writer FIG 145 -By the Writer FIG 146 -By the Writer FIG 147 - By the Writer FIG 148 - By the Writer FIG 149 - By the Writer FIG 150 - By the Writer FIG 151 - By the Writer FIG 152 - By the Writer FIG 153 - By the Writer FIG 154 - By the Writer FIG 155 - By the Writer FIG 156 - By the Writer FIG 157 - By the Writer FIG 158 - By the Writer FIG 159 - By the Writer FIG 160 - By the Writer FIG 161 - By the Writer FIG 162 - By the Writer FIG 163 - By the Writer FIG 164 - https://duckduckgo.com/?q=floating+cemex&t=h_&iar=images&iaf=size%3AWallpaper&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.adsttc.com%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F5811%2F5dcc%2Fe58e%2Fced7%2Fa800%2F0086%2Flarge_jpg%2FRHIZOLITH_CONCEPTUAL_RENDERING.jpg%3F1477533126 FIG 165 - https://upload2.beebreeders.com//upload/11.06.2019/small/f304eeda9cf36aa4254da8fe0c1ed48a.jpg FIG 166 - https://upload2.beebreeders.com//upload/11.06.2019/small/ac5078c3b3ee6491c80d298aefca9304.jpg FIG 167 - https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.adsttc.com%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F5811%2F5dcc%2Fe58e%2Fced7%2Fa800%2F0086%2Flarge_jpg%2FRHIZOLITH_CONCEPTUAL_RENDERING. jpg%3F1477533126&f=1&nofb=1 FIG 168 - 19. https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse4.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.ey58llIi7lkY_FZ-AYYX7AHaEh%26pid%3DApi&f=1
188 Rooted
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Citations
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[10] ‘The World’s First Underwater Hotel Villa Opens in the Maldives | Architectural Digest’.
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