APARTMENT CASE STUDY KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT, MUMBAI. CROSS WIND, HYDERABAD. PALI PALMS, MUMBAI. VIJAYASHANTHI, KELAMBHAKKAM. JAIN HOUSING, PURASAWALKAM. YAMUNA APARTMENTS,
NAME : B.AISHWARYA REG.NO : 211816251004 SEM : 5 TH YEAR : 3RD SEC : A
KANCHANJUNGA APPARTMENTS
Technical Data Apartments
:
32 luxury apartments / 4 types / (3 to 6 bedrooms)
Height (architectural) :
83.32
Floors
27
:
Construction System :
Concrete
Architect
:
Charles Correa Associates
Structural engineer
:
Shirish Patel
Date
:
1970 to 1983
Building Type
:
Skyscraper multi family housing
Architectural Style
:
Modern, Brutalism
1. MASTER PLANNING :
2. FEASIBILITY REPORT: No. of . blocks / floors :It’s a project of 27 floors which has 2BHK and 3BHK flats in it. Area of the flat is arround 1100 sq.ft for SBA of 2BHK and 1500 sq.ft SBA of 3BHK.and 32 luxuries apartments with 4 types (3 to 6 bedrooms)
Common spaces:There are also provision of garden, swimming pool, kids play zone, club house and temple and allotted parking space not only this keeping security of the residents there is also electronic access card entrance into the campus
3. DESIGN AND DETAILS: Spatial configuration: Orientation: In mumbai a apartments has to be oriented east-west to catch the prevailing sea breeze and open up the best views of the city. Arabian sea on one side and harbor on the other half of them to the east of arabian sea. 62.5% of the total verandahs are oriented to the view of harbors on the east ANALYSIS OF PLAN:The building have been planned in east and west orientation , west side of the building have sea and east side have view of the city which playing dynamic role from the building. But the orientation towards hot sun and heavy rain , the orientation can be rotated that may give positive value. Because the veranda giving covering the cool breeze and giving comfort the living. The building also have good access of day light and breeze through terrace garden and window. The surface cut away to open up double height terrace gardens at the corners is the nice idea. Concept: the architect mainly worked on the sectional displacements by bringing changes in the floor surface. He applied cellular palnning by using interlocks in one and half storey 3 and 4 bedroom units with 2 and half storey 5-6 bedroom units. Small displacement in levels differentiated the external earth filled terraces with internal elevated living volumes.
Circulation: a great deal of transparency has been achieved by use of terrace gardens and large openings on every floor. 10% to 15% of each floors provided as the common circulation space.
Distinct architectural character: Exterior: white panels and concrete construction bears a strong resemblances to a modern building while the terrace garden give a look of that of a traditional bungalow. Material study: the structure is of concrete and white panels. Superficially this 28 storey tower with its concrete construction and large area of white panel bears a strong resemblance to modern apartment buildings in the west tower proportion ( 21sq m and 84sqm height) Interior: the quality of sunlight, climate and culture influence colour choices hence would observe a preference for blue and it shades in the west while in india and other asian countries one finds a pre dominance of reds and yellows. Construction technology and structural system: it is made from reinforced concrete. 32 stories high with 6.3m cantilevered terrace garden. The central core of 7.8 X 6.9 m house the lifts and service areas. This central core also acts as a main structural element in resisting lateral loads. Central core was constant ahead of the main structure using SLIP methods of construction. AESTHETICS: In aesthetical point of view it is very nice to see the composition of square and rectangle forms on the faรงade using basic design principles. Its high rise and end of four side corners has the verandah which also giving a good look with comfort
CROSS WIND APPARTMENTS
Architects
:
VSDP
Location
:
Hyderabad, India
Project team
:
VIVEK V SHANKAR, DHANAPRAKASH, JANO CHRISTOPHER, JHANAVI
Cladding
:
HUNTER DOUGLAS INDIA LTD
Faรงade installer
:
SRINIVAS
Structural Engineer
:
PASE GROUP
Building Contractor
:
BABJI MALI
Landscape design
:
EARTHWORKS
Area
:
8300.0 m2
Project Year
:
2009
1. MASTER PLANNING: Common amenities: utility-24 hrs backup electricity, indoor games , gymnasium, fenced play ground for kids, landscaped garden and swimming pool. safety :gated community , intercom and security.
Parking allocation: The dramatic slope of the site was the biggest challenge to respond to in terms of sectional placement of facilities such as parking, recreation and the first level of the apartments. natural contours have not been altered and the architectural design of the apartment blocks and the parking levels negotiate the contours to create dramatic spatial scenarios at various areas of the site. Landscape: The design intended to establish the dynamic landscape by allowing views of the open spaces and valley from all levels of the built up form. The buildings are seen as vertical extrusions of landscape. The natural contours have not been altered and the architectural design of apartments blocks and the parking levels negotiated the contours to create dramatic spatial scenarios at various areas of the site.
2. FEASIBILITY REPORT: No.of blocks / floors: The surface is 90,000 sq ft. Cross wind floor plans provides best utilization of the spaces from stylish flooring , balconies and standard kitchens. The overall configuration consists of 18 apartments measuring 390 sq m to 420 sq m each and spread across 3 blocks consisting of four floors each Typology of houses : 1BHK , 2BHK , 3BHK. Vertical circulation: Elevators : 8 passengers usage automatic lifts by OTIS, Mitsubishi. Hairline finish stainless steel interior.
3. DESIGN AND DETAILS: Construction technology and structural system: rcc frame structure with masonry partitions. Material study: Glass, Wood – used in beams , pillars , boards ,etc Metals – bars ,meshes ,wires , slabs , plates , sheets .Façade system :Enclosures and double skin façade , louvers , curtain walls , green façade . Spatial configuration and circulation analysis: The site plan was informed by the natural markers and the orientation of the blocks in order to offer nice views. The planning of the apartments was worked in such a manner that the central core was linear and was for interaction i.e.living, family and dining and the bedrooms were aligned on either side of this core.The linear core is attached with a large balcony that overlooks the city.
4. SERVICES : Plumbing : all outer wall supply lines shall be in medium class GI and copper plumbing for bathrooms . drainage lines and storm water drain pipes shall be pvc. All plumbing shall be pressure tested. Sanitary fittings: western style, EWS with flush valve, porcelain wash basin. Electrical : Wiring: all wiring are concealed of of finolex or in a pvc conduit pipes. Switches: manual and remote control switches have been provided of MK , LK. Generator power: back up power is provided to all light points , fan points and 5A sockets etc . to entire lighting circuits. Water : the project has 3 sources of site bore wells, tankers. Water softened facility for supply of softened water from bore.individual water tanks with partitions for regulated pressured water supply to blocks.
PALI PALMS Architect Location Lead architect Area Project year
: : : : :
SEZA Mumbai, Maharashtra, India seema puri mullan 4550 sq.m 2016
CLIMATE ANALYSIS: India has tropical climate and Mumbai is on the coast which means we have hot and humid climate. Depending on the climate the architectural form has evolved in response to architectural climate and availability of materials. The design establishes relationships of similarity and contrast with surrounding building to be contextual and yet distinct.
1. MASTER PLANNING: Common amenities: In terms of amenities there’s a pool located on the terrace with a large attached deck. a gymnasium located at the podium level and a multi purpose games area at the double height refuge level. All these amenities make the end users feel good to be residents and gives them more time to enjoy being with their family by reducing travel time
2. DESIGN AND DETAILS: Plan is linear as is the plot with two apartments a floor, which allows three faces to be open to both sunlight and ventilation. the linear orientation provides preferred east orientation to the living areas while the west has the service areas like kitchen and dry yards in both apartments opening up the masonry façade which are recessed within deep overhangs allow generous amount of sunlight, providing through ventilation in all living areas with aligned east west windows making the design sustainable to the local tropical climate. The expanded aluminium mesh in the façade is used as a response to our local climate, for its for its intrinsic value to reduce heat gain and to dematerialise the façade by breaking it into a myriad of different elements thus reinterpreting the traditional jail.
VIJAYASHANTHI LOTUS POND APARTMENT BUILDERS Location Area Project year
: : : :
vijayashanthi builders kelambhakam, chennai, india. 11 acres 2016
1. MASTER PLANNING: Common amenities: Landscaping on all Suitable Open Space Swimming Pool, Browsing Centre Library, Gym, Children's Play Area Community Hall, Yoga & Meditation Centre, Party Hall Departmental Store, Recreation Hall, Business Centre Indoor Games, Health Club, Arts & Crafts Centre
Guard Room, Acupuncture Walk way Desalination Plant, Water Bodies Jogging Track, Elders Park, Skating Rink
2 FEASIBILITY REPORT: No.of blocks / floors: The project "Lotus Pond" by Vijay Shanthi is located at kelambakkam, Chennai. A total of about 1200 residential units is planned to be constructed in Stilt + 8 floors. The residential units are to come up in 23 blocks. The units are available in 363 to 1157 SQFT size. The rate per SQFT is Rs.3300 (April 2014 Typology of houses : 1BHK , 2BHK , 3BHK. Vertical circulation: Elevators : 8 passengers usage automatic lifts by OTIS, Mitsubishi. Hairline finish stainless steel interior.
3 DESIGN AND DETAILS: Construction technology and structural system: rcc frame structure with masonry partitions. Material study:Â Floorings Living and Dining : Vertified Tiles (as per Architects Design) Kitchen and Bedrooms : Vertified Tiles (as per Architects Design) Balconies : Ceramic Tiles Common Areas : Vertified Tiles (as per Architects Design) Bathroom : Non-skid Ceramic Tiles. Wash Area : White Ceramics tiles Door Frames Main Door : Flush door one side teak with varnish finish; Lock, Door Eye, handle will be provided on the main door. Bed room doors : Commercial Door (painted on both sides) Bathroom doors : Byson ply doors (painted on both sides) Doors and Windows : Hinges, Handles, Tower bolt, Door stopper in Steel / Aluminium Powder coated will be provided. Windows : UPVC Windows (Fenesta / Hanwah / Elgi / Vega) Electrical :
All internal circuit in PVC tubes make with ISI Mark ISI mark with good quality wiring will be used for entire building. Switches with ISI mark quality. Telephones & Television points in living. A/c point in Master bed room provision. Spatial configuration and circulation analysis: The site plan was informed by the natural markers and the orientation of the blocks in order to offer nice views. The planning of the apartments was worked in such a manner that the central core was linear and was for interaction i.e.living, family and dining and the bedrooms were aligned on either side of this core.The linear core is attached with a large balcony that overlooks the city.
JAINS AMRIT KALASH BUILDERS : Jain housing and construction ltd. Location : purasalwalkam, chennai, india. Area : 99 acres Project year : 2016 1. MASTER PLANNING: Amenities - Jains Amrit Kalash Landscaped Garden
Fitness
Swimming Pool
Meditation Hall
Green Living
Rain Water Harvesting
Recreation
Club House
Safety & Security
Gated community
Security
Convenience
Maintenance Staff
24Hr Backup Electricity
Salient Features Landscaped pathway will be provided for the entire stretch, which will enhance the appearance of the main entrance to the apartment. The entrance pathway to the apartment lobbies will be paved with natural pavers or Granites. Ground floor lobby will be of marble/granite flooring. Recreational area with health club & gymnasium will be provided. Swimming pool will be provided. The following facilities will be provided in open reserved space: Children’s play area Badminton Court Cricket net pratice & Basket Ball Post.
2 FEASIBILITY REPORT: No.of blocks / floors: 62 Units 2 Towers Typology of houses : 2BHK , 3BHK. Units and Interiors: Readily available housing options here include apartments of various dimensions. The size of Units available in this project varies from 920 sq.ft. to 1380 sq.ft. Jains Amrit Kalash floor plan enables best utilization of the space. From stylish flooring to airy balconies, standard kitchen size and superior-quality fixtures, every little thing here gives it an appealing appearance. The master plan of Jains Amrit Kalash includes many amenities that collectively ensure a hassel-free way of living. Secured play-area has been provided for children.
Complete electric supply has been ensured with complete security via high-quality wires and PVC conduits. Safety is certainly one of the biggest concerns while buying an house. Thanks to its security provisions, Jains Amrit Kalash is a charming dwelling for you and your family. Vertical circulation: Elevators : 8 passengers usage automatic lifts by OTIS, Mitsubishi. Hairline finish stainless steel interior. 3 DESIGN AND DETAILS: Construction technology and structural system: rcc frame structure with masonry partitions. Material study : Doors Internal: Teak Wood Frame Main: Teak Wood Frame Flooring Kitchen: Ceramic Tiles Living/Dining: Marble Granite Tiles Master Bedroom: Ceramic Tiles Other Bedroom: Ceramic Tiles Toilets: Ceramic Tiles Others Windows: Anodized Aluminium Sliding Fittings Kitchen: Modular Kitchen with Dishwasher Toilets: Provision for Geyser
Electrical : Three-phase supply with concealed wiring will be provided. The actual supply will be single or three phases based on the TNEB rules and regulations at the time of energizing the complex. Separate meter will be provided for each flat in the main board located outside the flat at the place of our choice. Common meters will be provided for common services in the main board. In 3 bedroom apartment- A/C provision with electrification will be provided in two bedrooms In 2 bedroom apartment- A/C provision with electrification will be provided in two bedroom In single bedroom apartment A/C provision with electrification will be provided in one bed room. 15A plug points will be provided for Refrigerator, Washing machine and Geyser in toilets. The wiring for 5A points will be of 1.5sq.mm rating adequate for equipments of capacity of 750W and 15A points will be of 2.5sq.mm rating adequate for equipments of capacity of 1500W. AC wiring will be of 4 sq.mm which can take up a capacity of 2 tones. Standby generator for min. essential points in common areas will be provided. TV and Telephone Cable TV and Telephone points will be provided in Living and Master bedroom. The cables for TV and Telephone will be provided at a suitable location in living. Note: Alterations, Fixing of grills and placement of A/C outdoor units in elevation will not be entertained under any circumstances. Plumbing & Sanitary All toilets will be provided with floor mounted closet. Dining will be provided with washbasin. High quality chromium plated fittings will be provided in toilets. Common Amenities An overhead tank of required capacity will be provided for water.
Deep bore wells will be provided. The depth will be decided by us based on the yield. Lifts of Johnson/OTIS/Schindler or equivalent make will be provided. Sump of required capacity for water will be provided. Standby generator backup will be provided for essential points in common areas. CCTV Surveillance Camera shall be provided in common areas for security reasons.
Spatial configuration and circulation analysis: The site plan was informed by the natural markers and the orientation of the blocks in order to offer nice views. The planning of the apartments was worked in such a manner that the central core was linear and was for interaction i.e.living, family and dining and the bedrooms were aligned on either side of this core.The linear core is attached with a large balcony that overlooks the city.
Yamuna Apartments (Alaknanda) Location
Accessibility Yamuna apartments belong to a group housing society, which has been designed for the lower middle income group. •The site allotted for the housing complex was 4.25 acres , but due to planning regulations , an area measuring 0.5 acres was required to be left as open space, at the north east corner. The intention of this open space being , to form a continuous green space with the adjoining residential complex. The green space has enabled the housing to have a nice playground. •The pedestrian movement is along four radial galis where children can play undisturbed by the vehicular traffic . Plants planted along the side of the gali, present a refreshing contrast to the external walls of the unit.
Concept The design concept however, distinguishes it from other developments in the city. This society consists of 200 members, most of which came from south indian states of kerala , tamil nadu and andhra pradesh , constituted a fairly cohesive group with specific living requirements. Taking these factors into
consideration , the housing was designed as an integral community settlement , where the traditional housing elements were incorporated to create an “urban village “ in a city. The design concept revolves around a typical indian village , with its lively narrow galis or pedestrian streets , where the womenfolk and children would pull out their charpai onto the gali , so that they were able to share experience and converstaion with each other, while doing their household chores. This has been achieved by a designing a traffic free complex , where the vehicular traffic is restricted to the periphery and in the basement. Galis converge onto an asymmetrically placed central square , which forms the focus. It is here that the recreational activities have been placed. The dwelling units comprise of three basic plan types of varying floor area , which are grouped together in a repetitive basis, to form individual housing blocks.
VERTICAL CIRCULATION The access staircase leading to the unit takes off from the gali, thus maintaining a continuity and acting as transitional space , between common public areas and private areas of each house. It has also enabled residents to converse with each other and maintain contact with the surroundings while they work. Unlike the west , the indian neighbourhoods are open and privacy is not given much importance. Houses were designed overlooking each others semi private areas. Thus , in addition to sharing experiences while the womenfolk performed the daily chores , it also enabled assistance in the time of an urgency . In the unit plans , the semi private area or the living room of each unit has been consciously designed towards the pedestrian spine to enable communal interaction and acknowledgement of one’s neighbours. The living room has an attached balcony which overlooks the pedestrian spine. This enables the residents to share and exchange social contact at various levles, thereby retaining the lively character of the gali. The private area of the bedrooms are to the rear of the house opening on to a terrace for sleeping. According to the norms of the community , the kitchen is condsidered a holy place and is kept clean, it is for this reason that is has to be kept away form all normal circulation routes within the house. The bathroom and kitchen open onto the internal ventilation and light shaft , on which they are dependent for their light and ventilation.
The recreational activities are grouped around the central square. The club is located on the first floor level forming a bridge across two housing blocks. A view of the units grouped around the central space. The open air stage is in the foreground. There is an integration of traditional design elements as balconies for shading the external wall surface , courtyards and terraces for outdoor sleeping in summer , thus establishing a hierarchy of open and enclosed spaces, private an semi private areas. •The unit plan has opening on two sides , thus enabling a fair amount of cross ventilation. •Each unit is sheltered on the outside by either a balcony or terrace The terrace provides a space for outdoor activities. •Part of the terrace is always open to sky which gives it an added openess . This has been achieved by changing the shape of the terrace from square to rectangular on alternate floors. The elected framework provides considerable variation to the façade and a strong geometric framework. . Built Form • Yamuna apartments are unique in terms of the volumetric form, owing to the constant staggering and the breaking up of the facade. • Each made up of 3 types of dwelling units, which are placed over each other in a way that the built mass is non- aligned. • Such an arrangement provides optimal mutual shading, and cuts off the harsh sun.
Pedestrianised Pathways • The shape of the built form gives rise to the • walkways between two blocks, which function • as streets within the society. • These `galis’ have been completely pedestrian • ized and function beautifully as community • spaces. • They have been broken into levels, given green • pockets, and are so well shaded that one can • easily interact with people without worrying • about hot summer. • Instead of splitting two blocks apart, • these parks bring the two together by • encouraging people to interact and • make it lively. Community Spaces/ ‘Chowks’ • Since the entire society was designed like a typical village, chowks form an integral part of this scheme. • Each pedestrian walkway or `gali’ leads to one of these asymmetrical cores or `chowks’. • They provide an interesting focal point for daily activities to place on a larger scale. • One such core doubles up to form a badminton court and a mini stage area for shows to take place, while another is merely a courtyard which is shaded by trees and is broken into levels for people to sit and interact. • These spaces become pivotal in tying the blocks and paths together. 1. Green Spaces • There is one major playground tucked further away into the society. • A small park is situated in one of the chowks which consists of swings for children and benches to sit. • Apart from dedicated greens, the pathways are interspersed with green pockets, planters, trees, shrubs etc. the most prominent trees are frangipans, deodar, mango etc. they provide ample shading and improve the microclimate to a larger extent. 2. Parking • Car parking for the houses is limited to the periphery of the housing and no car can come through to the internals of the society. Vehicular movement for every other reason is restricted to the perimeter as well. 3. Planning Of The Dwelling Units: • Access staircase. • Each block has a set of external staircases which is used to access the apartments. The staircase splits into another staircase as it approaches the doors of the apartment. This gives the appearance of almost a personalized staircase for each house, something which is not commonly found in group housing. 4. Spatial planning • Each block consists of 2 types of flats, 2 and 3 bedroom respectively. Examples, flat type 1 has 3 bedrooms, whereas, flat type 2 has 2. there is a service entrance from the kitchen, accessed by the same staircase which leads to the guest entry. • The design of every unit is such that the living room opens into a balcony, which provides a direct visual connection with the house opposite to it. • Bedrooms opens into a patio/balcony on the backside of the block, and are
adjoined by the balconies of the other houses. The patio is then half covered by the patio of the floor above it, which gives it the staggered appearance. • Service shafts: 2 apartment units share 1 common shaft, which is shared by the living room, kitchen and the bathroom in one unit. 5. Critical analysis • The sense of community is highly emphasized throughout the society due to the kind of spaces created, such as, the open and green spaces at various intervals, placing of the blocks, and the usage of pedestrianization. • The idea of parking being on the periphery, is very unique, as the whole colony enjoys a terrific free circulation around the colony, however, the demand for parking has increased since the society’s conception, creating a shortage of car space. • There is no apparent use of the basement, with just an occasional room for various services etc, in a few places, accessed by ramps. • The external staircase saves a lot of internal space as it cuts down the need for a core, but, proves to be a problem on days with heavy rainfall. The fact that residents can see into each others living rooms creates a sense of safety in times of emergencies but it may seem intrusive for some, who have simply used frosted glass/blinds to crub the issue. 6. The placement and the size of the internal shaft by two units not only holds the service lines, but helps in the overall ventilation of a unit. It can be easily accessed from the terrace for maintenance. The way, the façade is free of pipes running on it. • The pebble-dashed facades are an interesting choice, because they are require little or no maintenance. Extensive greens combined with such a wall finish gives a natural and earthy feel to the complex. As a small housing scheme, the complex is well planned and integrates the concepts of community livings beautifully. Small spaces are used to the best of their potential, creating an atmosphere of friendliness and familiarity. 7. The open air stage forms a part of the recreational facilities grouped around the central square. Units on the ground floor have a private courtyard which is partly covered . It forms an important space for outdoor activities , sitting out in summer evenings and on cold wintry days, etc. 8. The change in the shape of the terrace , from square to rectangular , on alternate floors provides considerable variation to the façade and strong geometric frame work. 9. The external walls finished with stone aggregate which practically requires no maintenance besides an occasional washing down with water to remove the dust along with reinforced concrete bands at terrace levels provide a refreshing contrast against the landscape. 10. . A typical pedestrian street or gali leading to the central square with entrance to the units . Children can play in the gali undisturbed by vehicular traffic. The access staircase in each block form important design elements . They wind around a central wall panel , but at each half landing an independent flight peels off to lead directly to the entrance of the adjacent unit. 11. Each unit has a courtyard or terrace for outdoor activities , outdoor sleeping, drying balcony for laundry, etc, which is partly open to sky. 12. Community spaces like O.A.T, public seating, gardens etc. are provided. Water tank orientation with good use of levels. Neighborhood is maintained. Better use of site’s irregular negative space by providing children’s play area and gardens there. Landscaping is used as a very important key feature in complete design. Privacy is maintained by providing a small breathing space in every apartment i.e. in ground floor it is next to main door and in upper floors it is as balconies. Two main, three sub and one service Entries are provided for the better use of spaces. Non- accessible Terrace gardens are provided to enclosure to the outer space and at the same time they also gives the view of the open sky which merges with the landscaping on the upper terrace gardens. Merits
Security pipelines are exposed and are running along the window.  Basement is not used for any purpose.  Parking was not made according to the requirement, cars were parked on the roadside. Demerits 13. 35 percent of the total area is the built up area. There are large open spaces for public use provided on the periphery of the complex. The built up area is in staggered form and oriented in such a way that they form a sense of enclosure within the complex. Bey balconies have been provided with the built units that add to the aesthetics and functionality to the built form. 65 percent is open space. The designer has tried to make the open spaces face towards the southern side to avoid direct light entering the area. The complex gives a sense of enclosure. There are many buffer zones within the complex which form the space of gathering , social interaction.
CONCLUSION ORIENTATION: Orientation of the site is the important of all aspects Adequate area of communal spaces is to be provided to enhance residential amenity and to provide opportunities for landscaping. Development must achieve a minimum of 50% direct sunlight to the principal useable parts of the communal open spaces for the minimum of 2hours between 9am and 2pm on 21 June mid-winter. Principle 1: Sustainability Good design combines positive environmental, social and economic outcomes. Good sustainable design includes use of natural cross ventilation and sunlight for the amenity and livability of residents and passive thermal design for ventilation, heating and cooling reducing reliance on technology and operation costs. Other elements include recycling and reuse of materials and waste, use of sustainable materials, and deep soil zones for groundwater recharge and vegetation. Principle 2: Landscape Good design recognizes that together landscape and buildings operate as an integrated and sustainable system, resulting in attractive developments with good amenity.A positive image and contextual fit of well-designed developments is achieved by contributing to the landscape character of the streetscape and neighborhood. Good landscape design enhances the development’s environmental performance by retaining positive natural features which contribute to the local context, coordinating water
and soil management, solar access, micro-climate, tree canopy, habitat values, and preserving green networks. Good landscape design optimizes usability, privacy and opportunities for social interaction, equitable access, respect for neighbors’ amenity, provides for practical establishment and long-term management. Principle 3: Amenity Good design positively influences internal and external amenity for residents and neighbors. Achieving good amenity contributes to positive living environments and resident well-being. Good amenity combines appropriate room dimensions and shapes, access to sunlight, natural ventilation, outlook, visual and acoustic privacy, storage, indoor and outdoor space, efficient layouts and service areas, and ease of access for all age groups and degrees of mobility. Principle 4: Safety Good design optimises safety and security, within the development and the public domain. It provides for quality public and private spaces that are clearly defined and fit for the intended purpose. Opportunities to maximise passive surveillance of public and communal areas promote safety. A positive relationship between public and private spaces is achieved through clearly defined secure access points and well lit and visible areas that are easily maintained and appropriate to the location and purpose. Principle 5: Housing Diversity and Social Interaction Good design achieves a mix of apartment sizes, providing housing choice for different demographics, living needs and household budgets. Well designed apartment developments respond to social context by providing housing and facilities to suit the existing and future social mix. Good design involves practical and flexiblefeatures, including different types of communal spaces for a broad range of people, providing opportunities for social interaction amongst residents. Principle 6: Aesthetics Good design achieves a built form that has good proportions and a balanced composition of elements, reflecting the internal layout and structure. Good design uses a variety of materials, colours and textures. The visual appearance of well designed apartment development responds to the existing or future local context, particularly desirable elements and repetitions of the streetscape.