Figure 8 Australian War Memorial

heritage and themselves, thereby, providing a sense of security and laying necessary groundwork to enhance the standards of living.

Nonetheless,the author has further argued that although reconstruction may preserve heritage, it may be criticized as it acts as a way of falsifying history by only incorporating into the buildings, only those elements that are desirable. The assertion is understood from the fact that some reconstructed architectural buildings are not re-developed using their original building materials.

2.5.3 Adaptation

Finally, the adaptation of built heritage describes the processes of repairing and restoration of existing buildings for new or continued use (Plevoets and Van Cleempoel, 2019). As illustrated in figure 7, the destroyed buildings are restructured for new uses. In this study, various architectural buildings were observed to be adapted for new uses, for instance, the Anti villa refurbishment shown in figure 10 below.

2.6 Examples of adaptive reuse of built heritage from all over world

In order to understand how adaptive reuse strategies have been utilized in the preservation of built heritage, this section reviews case studies from different parts of the world. This enables the researcher to gain important insights on approaches that have been utilized to restore built heritage.

2.6.1 Australian war memorial

Figure 8Australian War Memorial (Harrouk, 2019)

According to Harrouk (2019), the Australian War Memorial is planned to undergo diverse refurbishment and renovation works in a bid to renovate its galleries and buildings. The author notes that the memorial was opened in 1941 and was located near the Australian parliament. The objective of restoring the memorial is to help retell the stories of Australians who served in modern conflicts and to bind generations from the past, present and future.

In regards to the architects in charge of the restoration, the southern entrance of the building is under the charge of Scott Carver while the main structure and new Anzac Hall is being planned by COX architects. The timeline of the project is anticipated to be completed in 2027 and will serve as a reminder of the consequence of service and the costs of war (Harrouk, 2019).A delicate design approach has also been adopted in order to ensure seamless space and to provide to a traveller, new insight and experience on where their journey begins and ends in the particular built heritage (Harrouk, 2019).

As previously reported by El Namara (2013), restoration of built heritage involves reusing materials that are similar to the original building in order to maintain its genuineness, historic roots and civil value. Therefore, some aspects of the original Australian War Memorial wouldbe maintained in the building while others would be entirely reconstructed. In particular, the façade remained in its original form. However, there were several notable changes suggested by the architects such as development of a larger Anzac Hall (Harrouk, 2019). However, it was important to ensure that the integrity of the cultural building would not be affected. Some features of the new Anzac Hall included a gallery space that was 4000m2 and an exhibition space which was housed in the two-story building.

Further enhancement of the archaeological building was also done, whereby, a transparent connection design feature was added to improve communication undertaken in the memorial hall. The Australian Design Review (2019) also reports that the southern entrance designed by Scott Carver will be integral in enhancing the spatial experience within the building as it provides connection and orientation in a physical and intellectual manner. Figure 9 below illustrates the Southern entrance of the Australian War Memorial.