Revitalization of Sassoon dock,Mumbai. by Aishwarya Talawadekar

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR B. ARCH, Fifth Year Semester IX (Part 1)

Guide: Ar. Meghana Patil L. S. Raheja School of Architecture Affiliated to Mumbai University 2019 - 2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Aishwarya Talawadekar has successfully completed her design dissertation (part 1) on the topic “Revitalization of Sassoon dock, Mumbai” under the guidance of Ar. Meghana Patil. The dissertation is undertaken as a part of the academic study based on the curriculum for Bachelors of Architecture program conducted by the University of Mumbai, through L.S. Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai.

SEAT NUMBER:

Thesis Guide: Ar. Meghana Patil L. S. Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai

Principal: Ar. Mandar Parab L. S. Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai

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External Juror 2:

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REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Date

Monday, November 18,2019

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479 Plagiarized Words / Total 10534 Words

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REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

DECLARATION I hereby declare that this written submission entitled “Revitalization of Sassoon dock, Mumbai” represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others (as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media and online); and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. Direct quotations from books, journal articles, internet sources, other texts, or any other source whatsoever are acknowledged and the source cited are identified in the dissertation references. No material other than that cited and listed has been used. I have read and know the meaning of plagiarism* and I understand that plagiarism, collusion, and copying are grave and serious offences in the university and accept the consequences should I engage in plagiarism, collusion or copying. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact source in my submission. This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for assessment on this or any other course of study.

Signature of the Student: Name of the Student: Aishwarya Dinesh Talawadekar Exam Roll No: Date:

Place: Mumbai.

*The following defines plagiarism: “Plagiarism” occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution. Examples of forms of plagiarism include: • the verbatim (word for word) copying of another’s work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; • the close paraphrasing of another’s work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; • unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another’s work; • the deliberate and detailed presentation of another’s concept as one’s own.

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Behind the ideology lies the efforts and encouragement of many people, who give direction and support at times when we are in midst of tension and confusion Thus, take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to all those who have a constant support in completion of this dissertation. Firstly, my parents Dipika Talawadekar and Dinesh Talawadekar for supporting me as pillars of strength and allowing me to chase my dreams. I express my sincere thanks principal Ar. Mandar Parab sir for providing with all necessary facilities and giving me this opportunity to showcase my thesis. I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis guide and also my class incharge Ar. Meghana Patil for her constant guidance, encouragement and valuable inputs not just through this thesis but also throughout these years. Also, my class in-charge Ar. Arun Fizardo for sharing his knowledge and supporting us throughout the year. I would like to thank all other faculty members at L.S. Raheja School of Architecture for teaching everything that would require me in my professional practice and also the non-teaching staff for their constant co-operation and help. I extend my gratitude to Mr. Vilas Kolhe (Mumbai Port Trust) for sharing knowledge on this topic and Mr. Ganesh Nakhawa (Director of Karanja fishing co-operative society) also the fishermen of Sassoon dock and Veraval fishing harbour helped me in providing all the data and patiently addressing all my queries. I am also thankful to all my friends who helped me directly or indirectly throughout my journey of architecture with constant motivation and joy.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................... 13

Chapter 1: BACKGROUND STUDY ......................................................................... 15 1.1. History of Mumbai:.................................................................................................. 16 1.2. Evolution of Colaba: .............................................................................................. 21 1.3. Comparative analysis of docks in Mumbai: ......................................................... 25

Chapter 2: INTRODUCTION TO SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI. ................................ 28 2.1. Sassoon Dock-the first wet dock on western coast of India: .............................. 29 2.2. Past and Present character:.................................................................................. 33 2.2. Significance: ........................................................................................................... 36

Chapter 3: SITE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 42 3.1. Site context and Land use: .................................................................................... 43

3.1.1. Connectivity: .......................................................................................... 44 3.2. Geographical aspects: .......................................................................................... 45

3.2.1. Climate: .................................................................................................. 45 3.2.2. Sun path: ................................................................................................ 46 3.2.3. Wind: ....................................................................................................... 46 3.2.4. Natural disasters: .................................................................................... 46 3.3. Mapping: ................................................................................................................ 47

3.3.1. Site overall mapping: ............................................................................ 47 3.3.2. Mapping of traffic pattern at different times of a day: ..................... 50 3.4. Current situations and flow of activity: ................................................................. 51

3.4.1. Mapping of type of users at Sassoon dock and the process of fishing industry: ............................................................................................................ 51 3.4.2. Activity mapping: .................................................................................. 52 3.5. SWOT Analysis: ........................................................................................................ 54 3.6. Architecture norms of CRZ (Coastal Regulation Zone): ...................................... 57 3.7. Critical analysis on Proposals: ................................................................................ 59

Chapter 4: CASE STUDIES. ...................................................................................... 68 4.1. Veraval fishing harbour, Gujarat: .......................................................................... 69 4.2. Fish Market Ludhiana, Punjab: .............................................................................. 75 4.3. Bergen’s Fish market: ............................................................................................. 79 4.3. Fishermen’s wharf San Francisco: ......................................................................... 82 AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Chapter 4: DESIGN INTENT. .................................................................................... 86 5.1. Design Program: ..................................................................................................... 87 5.2. Conclusion: ............................................................................................................. 93

Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 95 Table of figures ....................................................................................................... 99

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

ABSTRACT The British began developing Bombay harbour into naval and trading base from 1750.It was during 18th and 19th century that Mumbai was completely transformed from set of seven agrarian islands into one of the trading cities in India. This involved the construction of dry and wet dock with initiating numerous activities to encourage the settling of traders in the city. Initially cotton trade became prominent in Bombay and many cotton mills were built, Mukesh mills was situated in Colaba at south end of Bombay (Mumbai). In 1875 Sassoon dock, the first wet dock on western coast of India was established as an industrial port to facilitate the trade and commerce of Mukesh mills. As the mills shut down due to decline of cotton trade, the space of the dock was suppressed. Later in 19th century the shift in economy, the traditional fishery sector which was far neglected began to flourish at Sassoon dock and fishing became an important means of economy for the country and source of income for the coastal inhabitants. Presently, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s one of the largest fishing industries, including exports in and outside the country. The existing fishing and ancillary activity pattern and work environment is in haphazard condition. Thus, there is a need to create well-planned and modern

fishing

harbour

with

analysing

its

current

proposals

for

its

redevelopment and revitalization. The design program thus limits with respect to survey plan followed by MbPT (Mumbai Port Trust) and also some part of new Sassoon dock is presently under construction which shall be studied and taken as an existing facility for the design proposal in future.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Chapter 1: BACKGROUND STUDY This chapter deals with understanding of evolution of seven archipelago fishing villages and farming island from 17th century to 19th century, with study of growth of Colaba and several other activities taking place on eastern coast of Mumbai.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

“All things exist in sevens, since it is the nature of the universe to exist in sevens” – Enoch Tan, creator of Mind Reality 7 days of creation, 7 days in a week, 7 deadly sins, 7 notes in music, 7 colours in a rainbow, 7 states of matter, 7 continents of the World, 7 stars of the Big Dipper, 7 seas, snow white’s 7 dwarfs and James Bond 007!

1.1. History of Mumbai: The story of Mumbai also started with 7 – The Seven Islands of Bombay. Thousands of years ago these islands were part of Magadha empire. Then became part of Shilahara family and later the part of lands belonged to Sultan of Gujarat in 1343.These seven islands were an archipelago of lush green dotted with 22 hills on the west coast of India. These islands were also washed up by the Arab ocean during high tide whereas some of them already existed since Iron Age. The only and oldest habitats of islands were the Koli’s the local native people of Western coast of India and their primary livelihood was fishing. In terms of land mass, they were minuscule and surrounded by shallow ocean, limiting the land use to cultivation of rice and coconut. The region didn’t even appear until the 12th century on the indigenous kingdom’s political map or those of the invading foreign armies.

Figure 1:Islands of Bombay and Salsette (1797-1809) Source: Bombay 100 years.com

The seven islands starting from south were namely:1. Colaba, 2. Old Women’s Island, 3. Bombay, 4. Mazagaon, 5. Parel, 6. Worli or Varli and 7. Mahim.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Figure 2:The Bombay archipelago in its regional context. Source: Making Bombay Island’: land reclamation and geographical conceptions of Bombay, 1661–1728

The Portuguese seized the islands in 1534 and set up a trading activity. They were the first European colonizers in India, followed by the Dutch and French. They called the place as Bom Bahia, meaning “Good Bay “. They had a very rural character and food production (farming) was the main source of income, the major land use was employed for it. The Portuguese did not take up any city improvement projects or schemes that would attract economic activity this made the Portuguese land rich but cash poor. In comparison, the British were late to launch such an endeavour they had only economic relations with India. (Date, 2015) In 1579, Thomas Stephens, son of a London based merchant, landed in India. He dispatched a message to his father for bright prospects of trade with India. Multiple attempts were then forged by the English to establish a safe trade route with India without much success. The London based Merchants recommended that the Queen of England establish trade arrangements with India. The Queen approved of this in 1600, and the first voyage with purpose of trade was initiated in 1601.The success of this expedition spurred attempts to secure a permanent trade arrangement with India. In 1612 a shipment of lead AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

and iron was dispatched for Surat in Gujarat, India, to win favour of the Mughals, which would allow the British to set up a trading post in their territory. The Mughals refused this proposal because of not having strong navy and no monitor activities on the sea. The Portuguese, although did not have much of a landmass under them (just a fort at Diu, Gujarat), maintained supremacy over the seas. Despite of Portuguese’s opposition, the English anchored safely on a tiny sandbar off the coast of Surat, Gujarat. With the strategic advantage, of a representative at the Mughal court in Delhi, over other European colonists the English were granted the right to establish their trading outpost at Surat. This laid foundation of their empire in India in 1612-13. Although the English established themselves on the Indian landmass, the locations (trading post and sea access) were on Mughal territory and the constant threat of other European powers made the English fear to step near the seas. To remedy this, the British started to seek ideal locations on the western coast of India to avail the sea trade. Soon the English realized the strategic advantage of Bombay, an archipelago separated on the east side by a deep and calm bay. Although the Portuguese had the claims over the islands of Bombay, they were weak with limited resources. The East India Company, a mercantile organization, pressured the English Crown to pursue the possession of the Bombay Islands. The Portuguese wanted an ally both parties agreed to a “marriage treaty.” A marriage treaty between Charles II King of England and Donna Catharina of Portugal was arranged in 1661. The seven islands were given to the British Crown as a dowry. Finally, with no more excuses to delay the handover of the island of Bombay, the English presence was established on the seven islands in 1667 and called “Bom Bahia” as “Bombay”. The Portuguese maintained their ownership of fishing settlements on the islands of Bombay and the area of Salsette, the area north of the seven islands, was still a Portuguese territory. Despite the possession of the islands, the English did not have any detailed documentation (i.e., map) of the islands. By 1668 Sir George Oxen den became the first governor of Bombay. After the AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

arrival of British there was sudden development in terms of warehouses, custom houses etc. To remedy this the English conducted the first survey of the islands in 1670-71. The British also encouraged other immigrants of various beliefs and traders to settle in Bombay also Wadia’s (Shipbuilders) from Surat were brought in Bombay for trade. In all this, the English had to survive the immediate danger of plague from 1686-1696 on western coat of India.

Figure 3:Geographical conceptions of Bombay. Source: Making Bombay Island’: land reclamation and geographical conceptions of Bombay, 1661–1728

During 1671-1680 the fort on Bombay island was erected, Sion fort located on northernmost tip of islands was created followed by Mahim fort which overlooked the western shore as a post against any naval threats. Reclamation projects were carried out in Worli (breach between the Mahim and Worli islands) and Mahalaxmi Beach situated between Malabar hill and Worli island to add more secure road network to northern side. Also, the fort became the centre of trade. Later, Gerald Aungier the second governor of Bombay took over control of Colaba island and the Old Woman’s island in 1675, it took long time to develop these regions. In 1769-70 roadways were AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

made and native settlements were relocated the dock in Mazgaon was initiated with periodic ferry services linking Bombay with other places on western coast of India. Later, in 1773 cotton export to china was started also by 1784, the construction of Hornby Vellard, the first major planned project between Malabar Hill and Worli Island to stop the infiltration of a creek at high tide. In 1785 the Marine Board was established to survey and control developmental activity along the coast. The northward expansion that started in 1710 never subsided. The British had a vision to strengthen these islands from within the landmass and also along the coast with this aspect, several such small projects were undertaken since 16th century.

Figure 4:Bombay after reclamation. 1710 & 1843 Source: Making Bombay Islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;: land reclamation and geographical conceptions of Bombay, 1661â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1728

Figure 5: The seven-island connected to form a city. Source: Story of cities #11 AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

1.2. Evolution of Colaba: Beginning from south of Bombay ,there used to be two distinct islands to which there was a land connecting at neap tides, one was Colaba where the barrack stayed and its southern neighbour, Old women’s island where the waters flowed around and at the springs it appeared like they were originally two distinct islands thus, where the Colaba causeway now exists, earlier had only water flowed and connection through boats. Gerald Aungier took over control of Colaba island and the Old Woman’s island in 1675 and its development took many years. During Portuguese rule they called Colaba as Candil and British called it as Colio. But, the name Colaba was derived from Kolabhat, a word in the language of Kolis. Colaba was known for variety of fishes like bombil, rawas, halwa, crabs, prawns, lobsters etc. The island was rented for Rs200 annually to Richard Broughton the English catholic priest in 1743, a lease later renewed in 1764. (Wikipedia, 2019)

Figure 6:Colaba causeway (old women's island 18260 Source: http://colaba.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/colaba-causeway.jpg

Colaba island was proclaimed a cantonment area for troops in 1796, and civilians were denied permission to build structures there. Eventually the need for a causeway became apparent as ship traffic to Colaba increased over the next few decades with overloading of ships thus, Old woman’s island (Little Colaba) became the stepping stone as connecting link between the

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Bombay island and Colaba which completed in 1838. The cotton exchange at cotton green in 1844 also inspired, Colaba to become a trade centre. The further widening of causeway was developed in 1863 which increased the land rates. Later, transport came into existence horse drawn tram cars were introduced by Stearns and Kittredge the Persian merchants of Bombay as they had their office on west side of causeway. The influence in trading activities by the English made Bombay one of the richest settlements on the western coast of India and in turn helped in cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growth. Reclamation endeavours from 1861-1864, added 22 square miles of valuable land to Bombay and also provided locations to build new docks, mills, factories, warehouses, which were needed to sustain the economic growth of the city.

Figure 7:Colaba in the distance. (March 1870) Source: Bombay - The Esplanade and Colaba in the distance.

Eventually, development of Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway (BBCI) which was planned on connecting the city of Bombay to cotton rich lands of Gujarat, followed the establishment of the rail system of GIP. They also set-up the Colaba railway station at site which is now occupied by Badhwar park layout. The BBCI line also connected Ahmedabad, in Gujarat and Bombay by 1864.The rail lines also provided (non-English) merchants with another reason to diversify the material reached Bombay sooner as compared with the road network, but it also needed huge capital to sustain with market competition. Bombay soon became one of the biggest suppliers of cotton. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Figure 8: Colaba-railway-station

Figure 9: Colaba Reclamation

Source: https://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2010/05/colaba-reclamation-bombay.html

Therefore, Indian elite merchants started to invest in mills that produced the final product of cloth rather than exporting the raw material to textile mills in England. This inspired the construction of Mukesh Mill in southern most part of Colaba which was only mill in south of Bombay built by Muljibhai Madhavani, in 1870 the owner of East African Hardware limited and thus correlation with it in 1875 Albert Abdullah David Sassoon son of David Sassoon the Jewish business man the president of city’s Jewish community built Sassoon dock for trading in which it served the purpose of unloading the cotton bales and loading the completed cloth yards. Prong’s lighthouse also located in Colaba, Bombay at India’s southernmost point circular tower of 41m high with range of 23m and the beam can be seen 30km away was built by Thomas Ormiston (Scottish unionist party member of Parliament) in 1875.

Figure 10: Prong's Lighthouse, Mumbai Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong%27s_Lighthouse AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

Figure 11: Existing condition of Mukesh mill Source: https://lbb.in/mumbai/mukesh-mills-616dda/ 23

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Statistics from 1870-1890 show that cotton export from ports of Bombay increased. Opium was another product that brought in huge revenues and eventually Colaba developed without pushing the troops. But, due to several technological changes in power loom techniques the mill owners did not change the machinery also increase in fuel prices, raw materials, taxes etc was not economical. In between there was also increase in immigration of large numbers of people for economy thus leading to lack of hygiene laid broke out of plague in 1896 around 1,000 individuals per week effected. This also impacted in decrease in number of textile mill workers in the city. Hence, Dr. Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine from Russia, was consulted to cure the plague broke out also he set up a Research laboratory in Colaba which was then shifted in Parel, Mumbai in 1975 (in Sassoon dock plot which is presently vacant). Thus, in 1982 there was decrease in number of workers and increase in capital due to which workers went on strike during the strike the mill owners outsourced the workers in Bhiwandi and paid 50% of wages in spite of longer working hours all this led to huge decline of cotton textile mills. Hence, in the same year Mukesh mills was closed and the mill owner had requested an official closure, but the government rejected it few months later in 1982 an unexpected disastrous fire broke out and the mill was permanently closed and cotton trade in Bombay ceased.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

1.3. Comparative analysis of docks in Mumbai:

Figure 12:Mapping the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai (2014) Source: http://www.loginmumbai.org/projectdetailseasternwaterfront.html and Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

To secure anchorage on the eastern shore was developed as early as 1735.In Bombay port trust was established and a concerted reclamation of the coast not only expanded logistic platforms (dry and wet docks) but major reclamations around the port constructed between 1900 and 1925 allowing it to develop as the most vibrant trading outpost in the region and encouraging ancillary industries such as storage and manufacturing. Ferry wharf was constructed by Lakshman Hari Chandarjee Ajinkya he was Chief clerk in the Gun carriage factory in Colaba. He was addressed as Bhau by local people; therefore, the name derived as Bhaucha Dhakka. Mumbai did not have a wharf till 1835 for either goods or passengers. The government then started leasing out the lands to private individuals to build wet docks and basins. Hence, Bhaucha Dhakka was built in 1841 for passengers and incoming ships to load embark and berth. The new ferry wharf also called Bhaucha Dhakka was commissioned in 1980 to accommodate the trawlers from Gujarat and provide facilities for the catches Later it was also used for ship breaking, passenger terminal, temporary storage of coal etc. (Wikipedia, 2019) Darukhana developed in 1860 and came under Bombay port trust in 1873.The huge quantity of gunpowder was bought into basin by British and hence came to know as Darukhana, Hence, development took place over 19th century initiating it has a trading port. The port consisted of three finger jetties namely the lakri bunder, coal bunder and hay bunder. After times it was also used as breaking market of ships and sorting steel scraps the business was temporary at its best. After construction of, Sassoon dock in 1875, the enclosed wet dock Princess dock was built in 1880 for import and export of goods. Subsequently, Victoria dock was constructed in 1888 basically to avoid decongestion the Princess dock and for temporary of stacking yard for containers in connection with â&#x20AC;&#x153;Offshore Container Terminal. The Alxeandra dock constructed in 1904-14 and was renamed as Indira dock in 1972, also serves the purpose of import export in terms of petroleum products, liquid chemicals etc. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Chapter 2: INTRODUCTION TO SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI. This chapter explores the Sassoon Dock in itself with understanding the past and present character of the dock and therefore understanding its significance on Global and Regional level.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

2.1. Sassoon Dock-the first wet dock on western coast of India:

Figure 13:Timeline of Sassoon Dock, Mumbai AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

Source: Author 29

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Figure 14:Aerial view of Sassoon Dock, Mumbai Source-https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-s-sassoon-dock-will-soon-get-ac-marketamphitheatre-and-museum/story-dHtdAWjDxCbYlNPQwCC07N.html

In 1875 transformation of Sassoon dock was assisted by the Mukesh mills situated in the dock lands adjacent to Sassoon dock, leading in a landlock once the mills declined. The site became a void in the hustle and bustle of the city. Currently, the space of the dock is intended for industrial purpose, many informal and ancillary economic activities like fishing, ferry trade, packing industry and other commercial activities which are either tangentially linked or unrelated to the formal economy of the Bombay Port Trust. Therefore, the land is considered to understand its present situation, some parts of the areas are optimally utilised, some are deadlocked due to other conflicts. Thus, the land provides opportunity for its revitalization. Sir David Sassoon, the President of cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Jewish Community and a business man constructed chapels and schools for technical education. The need for wet dock accommodation was expressed as early as 1810 but it did not come into existence until 1875.After death of Sir David Sassoon his eldest son, Albert Abdullah David Sassoon became the head of his fatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s firm (David Sassoon & CO. in Bombay). His significant contribution to Bombay, was to construct the first wet dock and in 1875 he constructed Sassoon Dock at Colaba which opened for the people in the city. The dock was smaller created AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

by a private enterprise and excavated from strong solid rock. The dock consisted of a water area of three and a half acres, an efficient depth of approximately 10 feet and was intended to serve maximum of five vessels about 1,000 tonnes net. Initially, the entrance gate of Sassoon dock was constructed in 1871-1875 in southern tip of Bombay. The entrance facade elaborates the stretch up to 40 feet wide and 12.2 m in height with four berths Also, large clock (John Bennett- the manufacturer of clock company in London) is attached at the upper side also the gate has small rooms above.

Figure 15: The Sassoon Dock Gate, Mumbai

Source: Author

Therefore, in 1879 the government bought other foreshore properties on behalf of the new port trust and was used as troop dock for time being, but later it became out of service from last 20 years or more except for accommodation of fishing ships and country crafts. So, there was instant formation of New Trust which aimed for providing the adequate wet dock accommodation. Hence, there was increase in size of cargo and passenger vessels for larger docks also more powerful equipment were included with changing and developing the needs of trade. Presently, Sassoon Dock shares a symbolic connection that lasts 141 years with the city as the first gateway to the sea trade. Old Sassoon Dock has AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

been a major fish landing and marketing centre of the city serving the need of both domestic and export market. However, the construction of the harbour was with many initial social and political problems. The issues were resolved by restricting the scope of harbour facilities to only 700 mechanized fishing boats and convert 50 percent of the reclaimed land into a Botanical Garden to act as a buffer zone between fishery harbour and Colaba residential area. In 1961, efforts were initiated to make Sassoon Dock an export fish processing centre. Later, in 1975 The New Sassoon dock fishery harbour was executed by MbPT (Mumbai Port Trust). Thus, infrastructure facilities including a small-scale ice factory and cold storage were added. Regrettably, these facilities, sheds and warehouses are presently in a haphazard condition.

Figure 16:View of Auction hall in Old Sassoon dock. Source: Author

Figure 17:View of Auction hall in New Sassoon dock. Source: Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

2.2. Past and Present character:

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REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

The architectural character of space totally changed after many years when migrants from other regions came to Mumbai for employment when fishing became the boom of economic growth of the city. The catches in Arabian Sea increase where the large numbers thus constraint of storage spaces became a major problem which thus forced in making of small temporary sheds. Also made demand of basic day to day needs. All these temporary encroachments effect the historic ambience of the space and also the hygiene. The dilapidated structure namely the Loksatta press, Haffkine company and many such abandoned godowns are present in Sassoon Dock. The Dock was not planned as per standards of fishing industries thus creates a chaotic and haphazard condition.

Figure 18: The monochrome wall mural portraits

Figure 19: Building which had installations in it.

Source: http://yellowperiscope.com/5-reasons-visit-sassoon-dock-art-project-2017/

Recently, in 2017 The Sassoon dock was set up with art project exhibition called Urban art festival (Art for ALL) conducted by St + Art. The aim of this exhibition was to regenerate the neglected spaces with the theme of visualizing the lost glory of Sassoon dock which also gave a platform for many emerging artists in India to present themselves in a creative way. The exhibition relates more towards the local narratives and local materials in an innovative way to create a contemporary art. Everybody in the city knows Sassoon dock, but very few of them have actually visited it. The dock remained an

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abandoned space of Mumbai and has become only home for native Koliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s living for employment. The aspects of the exhibition mainly forced on the smell of the dock, the inside out of dock, the monochrome wall murals portraits of active and diverse fishermen communities of Sassoon Dock through photo blow ups also the massive installation of mesh wires of Sassoon dock dog and many more installations that showcased the character of fishing harbour the Sassoon dock.

Figure 20: Installation at entrance of exhibition. Source: Author

Figure 21: Installation on mezzanine level Source: Author.

During this exhibition the fishermen were surprised by seeing the dock included not only the people of the city but also tourists who never visited Sassoon dock before. Thereafter, Sassoon dock became to be a known harbour to many more people in the city and it also helped in maintenance and hygiene of the dock during the art exhibition as there was constant flow of visitors and VIPs. However, the use remaining predominantly industrial or commercial in nature.

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2.2. Significance: India is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s second largest fish producer with total output of 13.7million tonnes in 2018-19, whereas 65 percent was from inland sector. around 6.5 percent of global fish production is from culture fisheries which is 50 percent of inland fish production with current estimated total output of 9.58 million tonnes in Financial Year 2014-2015. Thus, fisheries becoming the essential factor in growth of the economy of India by providing the seafood to a larger mass of people, also providing livelihood and employment to more than 14.5 million people. (As per mention in the economic survey released on 4th June, 2019. Maharashtra with a coast line of 720km ranks second among the maritime states in India in terms of marine fish landings. There are 153 landing centres located in 5 coastal districts namely Thane, Mumbai, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg. The state has explored only about 300-350km of the coast line still not explored the 50 % of the coastal line due to lack of modern techniques and infrastructure. (mentioned in conversation by Ganesh Nakhawa, Director of Karanja fishing co-operative society).

Figure 22:Fish landing centres in Maharashtra. Source: Kolliyil Sunilkumar Mohamed - ResearchGate AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Figure 23:Fishermen's villages, landing centres and markets in Mumbai. Source-login Mumbai UDRI

Figure 24:Flow chart of fishes in India. Source: Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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From Mumbai markets, the fish disposed of to the sub-consuming centres and secondary market all over the state. Initially fish was sent to West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Punjab and Delhi. Sassoon dock major comprised of Koli’s, migrants from Gujarat and maximum numbers of Banjaran’s from Andhra Pradesh are migrants in Mumbai since last 50 years. They have temporary accommodation in Sassoon dock and houses in Ambedkar nagar in Colaba. The Men’s work as labourers and women participate in peeling activity. There are prawns peeling industry where maximum prawns from Maharashtra are supplied here for peeling due to presence of women population which also benefits their livelihood instead of supplying prawns to factories which increases the cost.

Figure 25:Flow chart of number of fishing boats and expenditure Source: Author

Presently, the ice factory existing does not majorly benefit the dock nor maintained properly it take minimum 3 to4 days to form 250kg of ice bar. Hence, supply of ice in Sassoon dock is majorly from Taloja, Dombivali, Vashi or AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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MIDC. Also, the dock consists of 32 to 33 co-operative fishing societies. Each society has their own number of boats. There are 425 boats under Karanja fishing co-operative society and it also provides diesel to other fishing societies.

Figure 26:Requirements of a trawler before going for fishing. Source: Author

Figure 27:Requirements refilling at peak of 100 trips per day. Source: Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Figure 28:Water requirements at Sassoon dock. Source: MC-APLI Mumbai Portlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Conference 2018 and Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Chapter 3: SITE ANALYSIS This Chapter includes the detail site analysis of Sassoon dock from mapping of all non-fishing and fishing activities with understanding the type of users and therefore interpreting the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of Sassoon Dock.

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3.1. Site context and Land use:

Figure 29:Map showing major landmarks and connecting roads to Sassoon dock. Source: Google maps and Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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3.1.1. Connectivity: •

Located at co-ordinates 18.910N and 72.820E.

•

By road: The main road into Sassoon dock is Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, which goes from two-way road to single way in Sassoon dock. Sassoon dock has two entries and exits.

•

By bus: Sassoon dock bus stop is just front of Sassoon gate and Colaba bus depot is front of botanical garden.

Figure 30:Land use Map Source: MbPT Sheet No. elu8(existing land use). AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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3.2. Geographical aspects: 3.2.1. Climate: Mumbai-tropical wet climate. The climate of Mumbai is equable with no large seasonal variations. Proximity to the sea results in high humidity. The region experiences a hot humid summer and mild winter. The average annual temperature is 27.2Â° C the average annual precipitation is 16.7cm. The monsoons are marked by particularly heavy rains average rainfall2000mm per annum. Southwest monsoons rains-June to end September-peak rains occurring in July. Northwest monsoon showers-October and November. Highest rainfall-944mm on 26 July 2005 Average total annual-146.6mm in island city and 2,458mm in suburbs.

Figure 31 Context and Sun path. Source: Google map and Author. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

3.2.2. Sun path: Compared to new Sassoon dock the old Sassoon dock is more shaded due to existing vegetation and tall structures on site. The new Sassoon dock is comparatively lesser dense in terms of vegetation and thus effected by direct sunlight almost throughout the day. 3.2.3. Wind: General direction of wind is from the North to west quarter, with seasonal variations in Feb-may is from Northwest, June-Sep is from West to northwest, CTJan is from North to northwest 3.2.4. Natural disasters: •

Cyclones:

These

may

occur

the

period

May/June

October/November. The last severe cyclone off the coast of Mumbai was experienced in June 1996. •

Tidal information: All high tides exceeds +2.7m about 5% of all would be less than +3.2m.

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3.3. Mapping: 3.3.1. Site overall mapping:

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3.3.2. Mapping of traffic pattern at different times of a day:

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3.4. Current situations and flow of activity: 3.4.1. Mapping of type of users at Sassoon dock and the process of fishing industry:

Figure 32:Operating flowchart of fishing industry. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

Source: Author 51

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3.4.2. Activity mapping:

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3.5. SWOT Analysis:

Figure 33:Map showing points of SWOT analysis AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

Source: Author 54

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Strength: •

Sassoon dock being the first wet dock in Mumbai and maximum number of catches makes it the first choice of consumers.

•

It is situated in a prime historical and commercial area of the city.

•

Huge plot for export of fishes, hence scope for expansion of trade and increase in business.

Weakness: •

The planning of the dock is not meant for fishing and is very haphazard being the huge plot the activity pattern of space would have been distributed, but due to concentration of activities on particular area increase congestion. (B)

•

Even though the dock is being open to the public, it is difficult to incorporate public function because the space is not inviting due to lack of hygiene and sanitation which eventually stinks up the area, this is a problem also for the surrounding. (E)

•

The site lacks proper planning in terms of loading unloading activity and parking. (G)

•

There are few structures on site which are abandoned and our underutilized as they were meant for different functions because of lack of infrastructure. (A)

Opportunities: •

Sassoon dock has major fish exports in Mumbai and also there are foreign catches available in Arabian sea which is not brought for export due to lack of storage and modern facilities on dock. This can generate employment and livelihood for many.

•

The dock lacks resting space and sanitation for the harbour workers and

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support staff working in Sassoon dock. (B) •

As the dock is open for public it also has an opportunity to include some of the public-friendly activities around this 500m coastline of the eastern waterfront.

•

The roads at Sassoon Dock are much wider and hence needs to be wellplanned, at present both the sides of roads are encroached either by parking or crushing of ice or peeling activity. (C)

•

No protection for the fishing boats which are halt at Sassoon Dock as there is no planning for providing breakwaters around it. (F)

Threats: •

Due to climate change leading water draughts or decrease in sea-level may affect in regulating the fishing vessels.

•

The untreated waste water generated during cleaning or washing activity is left untreated into the sea creates unsuitable environment for fishes and serves as a reservoir for infectious diseases.

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3.6. Architecture norms of CRZ (Coastal Regulation Zone):

Figure 34:Development plan 2034 Source: https://dpremarks.mcgm.gov.in/dp2034/

CRZ-I No new construction shall be permitted within 500 metres of the High Tide Line. No construction activity, will be permitted between the Low Tide Line and the High Tide Line. CRZ-II 1. Buildings shall be permitted neither on the seaward side of the existing road (or roads proposed in the approved Coastal Zone Management Plan of the area) nor on seaward side of existing authorised structures. Buildings permitted AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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on the landward side of the existing and proposed roads/existing authorised structures shall be subject to the existing local Town and Country Planning Regulations including the existing norms of FSI. (floor space index) 2. Reconstruction of the authorised buildings to be permitted subject with the existing FSI/FAR norms and without change in the existing use. 3. The design and construction of buildings shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and local architectural style.

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3.7. Critical analysis on Proposals: •

PROPOSAL BY:MBPT

•

PROPOSED:2014

•

EXECUTION:JUNE 2018

•

STATUS:HAULT (CONSTRUCTION NOT STARTED)

•

EXPECTED TO COMPLETE:2020

Figure 35:Modernization proposal by MBPT (MUMBAI PORT TRUST) Source: Article in Hindustan Times (Novemeber,2017) AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

The main aim of MBPT plan was to focus on fish tourism and give a boost to tourism rather than taking into consideration of very minute activity in Sassoon dock. The aspect taken into consideration was streamlining the traffic, removing encroachments, creating new sheds for local fisherwomen and segregating waste and dry waste.

Figure 36:Zoning of Plan proposed by MbPT Source: IMC-APLI Mumbai Portlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Conference 2018 and author

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Figure 37: Proposed ratio of public and fishing activities

Figure 38: Aim of modernization

Source: Author

Figure 39:Positive aspects of proposal Source: Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Positive aspects: •

The air-conditioned fish market planned adjoining the road, which will help in easy accessibility for the people/buyers and for unloading and loading of garbage as well as the fishes.

•

Restaurants is proposed near the entrance so that there is continuous flow of people with visual and clear accessibility towards the green public space or the Museum.

•

The Dormitory and the fish food stalls are placed adjacent to each other for easy access.

Figure 40:Negative aspects of proposal Source: Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Negative aspects: •

As the land is meant only for industrial purpose as per the development plan it is necessary to give more facilities or space for fishing related activities rather than planning equally for green public space or activity compared to fishing activities. Also, it was mentioned in conversation by Ganesh Nakhawa (Director of Karanja fishing co-operative society) to modernize and maintain the infrastructure so that a greater number of catches and variety of fishes can be stored to generate more economy rather than adding public activity for generation of revenue for other purposes.

•

The peeling sheds and fish processing plant needs to be planned near to the auction hall for easy accessibility reducing the traffic congestion as these spaces are continuously in use for unloading of catches and its further process.

•

There is been quite a bigger space for public activity such as Museum and also other fishing related activities like the fish processing plant these spaces are two different entities as a public and private space. Thus, the parking also needs to be segregated as public and private. Because the fish processing plant will include continuous flow of trucks, tempos, etc which will lead to traffic congestion.

•

The peeling sheds and the food stall is being placed adjoining each other. This will cause spread of odour from the peeling sheds into the green space would make it non-functional.

•

The only single continuous road is planned which will lead to traffic congestion or should have a bypass road in between the public and fish processing plant which will help in exit of vehicles.

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•

PROPOSAL BY: Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation Ltd. (MFDCL)

•

PROPOSED:OCTOBER 2014

•

EXECUTION:JUNE 2018

•

STATUS:ON GOING

•

EXPECTED TO COMPLETE: JULY 2020

Figure 41:Proposal by Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation Ltd. (MFDCL) Source: Times of News Network. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

Figure 42:Aim of modernization of dock Source: Author.

Figure 43:Proposed plan by Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation Ltd. (MFDCL) Source:Modernization of Sassoon Dock Fisheries Harbour, Mumbai, Maharashtra AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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The net mending shed needs to be an elongated structure as the length of net is long and needs a bigger space which is in shade throughout the day. Also, the proposed restroom and existing toilet block should have being adjoining to each other for easy accessibility.

Figure 44:View of Net mending shed, resting spaces planned and existing Source: IMC-APLI Mumbai Portlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Conference 2018

The auction hall, the parking space, the ice plant and chilled storage was proposed adjoining to each other before for easy flow of process. But later due to larger distance of transport to old Sassoon dock, it was planned to shift the ice plant and chilled storage next to Management and Maintenance block so that it is easily accessible to old and new Sassoon dock where the construction is being started. Also, the construction of auction hall is being started in between the two existing auction halls this will help in faster loading of fishes.

Figure 45:View of existing and proposed Auction halls, MbPT office and water tank. Source: IMC-APLI Mumbai Portlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Conference 2018

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Chapter 4: CASE STUDIES. This Chapter deals with different kinds of case studies to understand the activity pattern in fishing harbours, to analyse the block of fish market dealing with public and private areas, to study the historical character and most importantly the connection of the harbour with people of the city.

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4.1. Veraval fishing harbour, Gujarat: Veraval in Saurashtra zone of Gujarat in India being surrounded by 1600kms of coastal line, which hereby increased the growth of fishing industry. The harbour established in 1986 in Junagadh district. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in south-east part of Veraval connected by road to major cities in Gujarat, by railway which includes Veraval Junction and Somnath, by flights the nearest airport is Diu and Rajkot to Mumbai. (Amit, 2018)

Figure 46: Location map of Veraval

Figure 47: EXCHANGE and PAUSE activity

Source: https://amitjaviya.blogspot.com/2018/05/case-study-fishing-harbour-veraval.html

Initially the port was planned for 1200 fishing trawlers but presently 2793 trawlers are being operated which is the largest landing trawlers port of Gujarat. Eventually fishermen from other parts of India also migrated here for better economy. Veraval consists of many fishing industries which export seafoods to major foreign countries like USA, Japan, and Gulf countries the harbour consists of not only fishing activities and markets but also boat making, net making takes place. The unique trading activity happens here is the EXCHANGE PAUSE in which the Exchange takes place in terms of fishermen, fishes, fuel, tools, utility this is on roadside for easy transport and Pause for boat manufacture or its upgradation. The ice plant and the processing units are on the opposite side of the road so that the transport vehicles do not disturb the activities on going in harbour.

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Figure 48:Plan of Veraval fishing harbour

Source: Author

The Harbour is well protected east breakwater and west breakwater with 200m of gap in between. The main east break water has been damaged in nineties due to cyclone and presently the space is vacant. The finger jetty used to load unload the fishing tools as well as fuelling of boat takes place. (Laboratory, 2017) • Eastern Breakwater -334 m • Western Breakwater -440m • BerthingQuay-500 m (5 nos.)-Fish Landing Wharf • Finger Jetties -100 m in length, each (5 nos.) Trawler Berthing • A/Bwharf-111.55 m x9.14 m • Boat wharf-149.35 m x28.95 m •

Dry dock: (44x53) m and 45 nos. of covered storage.

•

Godowns-1600sq m but not well maintained.

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Figure 49:Auction hall Source: Author

There are three auction halls with 20 divisions for 66 crates sharing a common sink for sorting, washing and weighing between two divisions. Fish merchant offices and restrooms on First floor overlooking the double height auction areas below also loading and unloading takes place and crates are washed for dis are washed for dispatch.

Figure 50:Flowchart of Processing plant. Source: Author

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The processing units are planned in such a way that the flow of visitors remains constant from unclean to clean areas whereas the flow of drainage is from clean to unclean areas and separate space for movement of other materials. The floors were resistant to spillage of products, water and disinfectants also the inside walls should be smooth, corrosion proof and easy to clean.

Figure 51:Flowchart of Ice factory Source: Author AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Figure 52:(Contd...) Flowchart of Ice factory Source: Author

Figure 53:Conceptual Section through making of ice slabs Source: Author

There are 3 ice plants consisting of ice tank measuring 8 x 90meters with

installed

capacity

42tonnes/day

with

storage

750tonnes.Approximately 800 ice cans are available out of which 400 ice slabs are manufactured in a day and supplied for loading into boats. An additional 4tonnes/day freezing plant with frozen storage of 200tonnes of fish is being AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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constructed for GFCCA (Gujarat Fisheries Central Co-operative Association) with finance of ARDC (Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation). Conclusion: The ore of the largest fishing harbour in India. Basically, the operation taken place after the catch is unloaded in crates in properly managed till the final packaging and export. Also, allocation of activities like at Repair/making Net making also serversâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; additional economy benefit the planning of auction halls and ice-manufacturing plants well-functioning and maintained.

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4.2. Fish Market Ludhiana, Punjab: The first Modern Fish market In Punjab was set up with an economic support from the National Fisheries Development Board and the Punjab Mandi Board situated on 2.84 acres land on Ludhianaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tajpur highway. Also expected that many more markets will be developed in the state which provides basic facilities of hygiene and sanitation to costumers as well as the workers.

Figure 54:Plan of fish market. Source: Author

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The blocks fully covered with wholesale and retail market, water works, treatment plants for effluent, toilet blocks, septic tanks, bridge weighing and parking spaces. For easy circulation there are different entry and exit points provided so the crowd is equally distributed.

Figure 55:Conceptual section through cores

Source: Author

The block is basically a T-shaped plan in which the small part consists of retail shops which are 16 in numbers and smaller in size than wholesale shops with 4m of central circulation space having shops on either side and loading unloading happens outside the block. Also buying fish from the whole sale market becomes convenient. It includes separate entrance from outside as well with separate staircase block connecting the private space such as the office spaces, conference rooms and restrooms above. (Bahga, 2013)

Figure 56:Conceptual section through cores

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

Source: Author

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The longer part perpendicular to retails are the wholesale shops are 30 in numbers with a mezzanine level on top for storage or office. It is planned in such a way that the 3m passage outside the block serves for loading unloading, whereas it has 4m display area inside the block in front of parallel lines shops and a central circulation space. Thus, between two rows of shops, the display-cum-circulation area is the hub of the market. No public toilet is provided inside to maintain the hygiene conditions instead provided outside the block. The Structure is constructed in RCC frame with brick in-fill walls the roof covered with pre-engineered steel roofing. The sloping roof provides skylight on top and either side.

Figure 57:View of Wholesale market.

Figure 58:Exterior view of the market.

Source: https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-projects/ncgn/fish_market_ludhiana_punjab-project-pages.html

Figure 59:View showing the connecting staircase block to upper floor. Source: https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-projects/ncgn/fish_market_ludhiana_punjab-project-pages.html

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Conclusion: Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the small modern fish market there is proper zone of public & private spaces with services such that they are not directly in contact with each other. Also, different entry and exit points to lessen the crowd.

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4.3. Bergen’s Fish market: Eder Biesel Arkitekter Architects of Bergen’s fish market project completed in 2012 located in the middle of world cultural heritage Bergen, an international tourist destination and attraction evolved through times, transformed a local fish market in Bergen, Norway into a modern structure which breathes new life into city’s heritage which balances the site’s historic character with its contemporary use. Thus, the project is titled as “History Continued”, which honours the principles while creating a symbol of modern architecture in the centre of the city. (Arkitekter, 31 August,2013)

Figure 60:Ground floor plan of Market

Source: Author

The concept aims to create an historical character with climatizing protection for the market place more than creating an interior for the fish market. The edge of the current pier had been designed to meet the needs of steamboats from the 1900s.Earlier than that, it was sailing ships that received the storehouses in the bay they could enter between the storehouses therefore the edge of the pier used to be curved. The structure being a modern twist with an angular daylight-filled floating volume with granite flooring which echoes the market’s original design and the exterior colour scheme of wooden panels changing in density AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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according to function of space i.e. public or private(dense-private and less dense-public) and rhythm was inspired by Bergenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s traditional colour palette of ochre white and dark red wood with faĂ§ade complementing the historical context by adopting similar colour scheme to the building enhances the visitors experience By night the structure present with itself beaming with light.

Figure 61:First floor plan of market.

Figure 62:Influence of context through colours.

Source: Author

Source: archdaily.com

Figure 63:Rear Elevation Source: Author

Figure 64:Section showing density of people at levels. Source: Author and archdaily.com

Figure 65:The Rear view of the market with connecting staircase above. Source: archdaily.com AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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The glass wall on the ground floor has a visual connection outside through the market halls and also can be opened up in sunny days to connect the market into a homogenous market space inside out also with flexible activities in open space. The contemporary fish market caters all year with provision of consideration of health and hygiene of the place, also from pedestrianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perspective it is the first 4to 5 meters of faĂ§ade that determine connection and segregation in urban space.

Figure 66:Shorter section.

Figure 67:Market space on ground floor.

Source: archdaily.com

Figure 68:The front view of the market seeing towards the sea. Source: archdaily.com

Conclusion: To understand the contemporary Fish market building in historical context determines connection and segregation in urban space. Integrate culture hotspot with promoting seafood and surrounding public realm with engaging views and landscape of the city serves as gathering spot for local community hence becomes the tourist destination. Connecting indoor and outdoor activities.

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4.3. Fishermen’s wharf San Francisco: Gehl architects is based on public spaces and has work to improve the city environment in Denmark and many more countries.Thus,in fisherman’s wharf their aim was to create coherence between the life of people and the existing building structures taking great care to accommodate the people populating in cities. The strong history of shipping and fishing industry with active fishing fleet in the area adding uniqueness of the wharf.The study area is 1700mlong and 450wide the bay in the north.The urban fabric consists of an orthogonal grid system with straight north-south and east-west roads offers the major tourist destinations,ferry terminals,a harbour for private boats,a fishing industry,a beach,hotels and residential area (Department, 20 April,2011)

Figure 69:Conceptual plan showing different activities. Source: https://archives.sfplanning.org/CDG/docs/fishermans_wharf/Gehl_Report_P1.pdf

The Fisherman’s wharf consists with many sub-districts with different character are being separated from each other.From waterfront on the north and hotels in the south the district is thus divides into different zones

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whereas,the central area along the waterfront has the fishing industry and its fleet and sub-districts followed by the complex around Jefferson street ,with hotels.Major issues that were consider are as follows: •

The weak links to the waterfront i.e. no continuous route along the water and Inactive waterfront with lack of public spaces and undefined public realm.

•

Lack of good pedestrian links from San francisco-the city centre.

•

Poor conditions for walking and cycling,also narrow congested sidewalks.

•

Few activities for locals and childrens whereas more tourist dominated shops.

•

Lack of district identity unifying the different areas.

•

Many unattractive and closed frontages.

Fisherman’s

wharf

incorporates

both

the

character

tourist

waterfront(pier39)as well as an industrial harbour(pier45);

Figure 70:Conceptual plan showing detail zoning of types of spaces.

AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

Source: Author

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Figure 71:Bridge towards Promenade.

Figure 72:5he main entrance

Figure 73:Entrance to pier39

Source: https://archives.sfplanning.org/CDG/docs/fishermans_wharf/Gehl_Report_P1.pdf

It also includes the Aquatic park,The maritime museum and San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park on the west end and departure point for Alcatraz at Pier 33 with easy accessibe to speacialty shops,waterfront dining,vendors

sellung

cauldrons,entertainment,tours

Dungeness and

crab

attractions.

from

The

most

steaming likey

visited

Fisherman’s Wharf attraction is Pier 39 it’s a carfree space with many public activities happening on either sides of lanes to create an connection between inside out with a promenade facing the leisure harbour but dominated on some places by closed frontages and also mostliked attractions

are the

sealions. (FISHERMAN’S WHARF Public Realm Plan, 2010)

Figure 74:The main harbour.

Figure 75:Sealions Point.

Figure 76:Recreational activities.

Source: https://archives.sfplanning.org/CDG/docs/fishermans_wharf/Gehl_Report_P1.pdf

Conclusion: The Fishermen Wharf being a huge district in itself connects space with waterfront public consisting of small street activities as well as public buildings which directly or indirectly connects with the people to understand the zoning of an amalgamation of fishing industry with different commercial waterfront activities with keeping it walkable district such that there is corelation between each spaces and people.

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Chapter 4: DESIGN INTENT. This Chapter includes the design program and all the fundamentals aspects or spatial quality required in Sassoon dock, Mumbai.

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5.1. Design Program: The proposal aims at overall improvement and to create modern facility for fishing. It however also shall retain glimpses of the fading glory of the past. The intent of the program is to generate fishing industry expansion and, in the process, also improve on itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s efficiency.

Figure 77:Fundamental aspects to be considered for design. Source: Author

Figure 78:Relation between infrastructure, user and elements Source:Autho

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Figure 79:Map showing the demolished and formulating structures. Source: Draft Report on Planning Proposals (special planning authority-Mumbai port trust) and author

The map shows the retained structures, the on-going construction, the structures that needs to be revitalize and the structures that needs to be demolished and relocating them also area distribution is being stated.

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Figure 80:Existing structures to be relocated Source: Author

Figure 81:Distribution parking for design program

Source: Author

Figure 82:Amenities included in design program Source: Author. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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FISH MARKET: •

Weighing area

•

Display area

•

Storage

Net mending shed + Storage. Diesel station (refuelling storage). HARBOUR ADMIN. RESTROOM: •

Toilets

•

Resting space

ICE-PLANT: •

Admin/staff office.

•

Toilets.

•

Entrance porch (unloading of equipment’s).

•

Mechanical room (installation of motor).

•

Hall for installation of ice cans into ice tanks.

•

Space for removal of ice (from ice cans).

•

Storage (for ice).

•

Porch for unloading of ice (into trucks/tempos).

FISH PROCESSING PLANT: •

Admin/staff office.

•

Toilets.

•

Pantry.

•

Loading and unloading porch.

•

Storage of differentiated fishes (with respect to types).

•

Hall for washing, weighing and sorting of fishes.

•

Packaging area (in trays with transparent food film).

•

Storage of fishes (packed fishes in tray) in blast freezer.

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•

Packaging area (in carton boxes for export).

•

Cold storage (for packed fishes in carton boxes).

•

Separate entrance for people.

PRAWNS HANDLING UNIT. DORMATORY: •

Reception.

•

Common toilets.

AUCTION HALL: •

Space for unloading of catches

•

Washing, weighing, sorting area.

•

Space for loading catches (into crates).

•

Export (market/fish processing plants).

FISH WASTE MANAGEMENT: •

Storage.

•

Collection unit.

•

Segregation unit. (reused, recycle, non-recyclable)

•

Processing and recovery space.

OTHER SERVICES.

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5.2. Conclusion: The major role played apart from enhanced investment in research and development to maintain the growth of fishery sector, technologies infrastructure and market. Thus, the architectural language should fit into its historic character and specification of facilities that is already absorbed by the users and operators. Also, for proper functioning of the harbour it is essential that the activities planned should be in proper sequence and its maintained are major crucial aspects to be considered. The planning needs to take initial effort of retaining some part of the built fabric of Sassoon dock has been the economic strength of the city through past and played a vital role in contributing the image of the city which hence connects historic glory with people, therefore making the dock more inviting.

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Bibliography Bhide, A. (2015). City produced : urban development, violence, and spatial justice in Mumbai. Mumbai: IDRC Digital Library. Amit, J. (2018). Veraval Fishing Harbour,Gujarat. J.Architecture. Arkitekter, E. B. (31 August,2013). Fish market in Bergen. ArchDaily, pages2-3. Bahga, S. (2013). Fish Market,Ludhiana,Punjab. Bombay Bonaza Brochure. (n.d.). premchad-group.com. Date, V. (2015). RECOGNIZING AND PRESERVING THE HISTORIC IDENTITY OF DADAR WEST. Athens,Georgia: UGA Electronic thesis and Dissertations. Department, S. F. (20 April,2011). FISHERMAN’S WHARF PUBLIC REALM PLAN PROJECT . San Francisco. Dipesh, D. ( 2007 ). TOWARDS A COLONIAL URBAN SPACE OF BOMBAY: A PERSPECTIVE IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Calicut: INDIAN HISTORY CONGRESS (67th SESSION). ET Bureau, & ET Bureau. (2019). Fisheries sector registered more than double growth in past 5 years; emerged largest group in agri export: Economic Survey. 1-2. (2010). FISHERMAN’S WHARF Public Realm Plan. San francisco planning department. Kanekar, S. (2017). Re-interpreting the urban resource. Mumbai: issu.com. Khamat, M. V. (2000). Tides of Times(History of Mumbai Port trust). New Delhi: Mumbai Port trust. Laboratory, E. C. (2017). ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED VERAVAL FISHERY HARBOUR –PHASE II . Gujarat Pollution Control Board(GPCB). Login

Mumbai. (2019, October 28). Retrieved from Projects: http://www.loginmumbai.org/projectdetailseasternwaterfront.html

Ltd,

E. (Jan,2018). ‘Making Bombay Island’: land reclamation and geographical conceptions of Bombay, 1661–1728. Journal of Historical Geography, 27-39.

MAHARASHTRA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, L. (2019, September 19). REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR MODERNISATION OF SASSOON DOCK FISHERY HARBOUR, COLABA, MUMBAI. Retrieved from Request for proposal for project managemengt consultancy: AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

REVITALIZATION OF SASSOON DOCK, MUMBAI

https://maharashtra.etenders.in/tpoimages/adf/tender/Tender1574.pd f MCGM. (2019, September 21). Retrieved from ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT: https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/Coastal%20roa d/Coastal%20Road%20DPR/EIA%20report.pdf Megha. (4 September,2011). Mumbai was formed by uniting seven islands. I See India, 1. Mumbai Port Trust. (2019, September 25). Retrieved from Special Planning Authority (SPA):ELU (existing land use) SHEETS: http://www.mumbaiport.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/elu8.pdf Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. (2019, November 2). Retrieved from Development Plan Department (DP Remarks 2034): https://dpremarks.mcgm.gov.in/dp2034/ Noel, M. (2013). EVOLUTIONARY MUMBAI: MAKING OF THE ‘ISLAND CITY’. Migrating Coastlines. Perur, S. (2016). Story of cities #11: the reclamation of Mumbai – from the sea, and its people? The story of cities, 3-4. Perur, S. (2016). Story of cities #11: the reclamation of Mumbai – from the sea, and its people? The story of cities, page1-2. (20119). Prong's Lighthouse. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Public space & public life in Fisherman's wharf. Denmark: GEHL ARCHITECTS Urban quality consultants. Rahul, M. (n.d.). A Factitious City. Bombay (Mumbai): The Taj Magazine. RAJAMANI, R. (1991). THE GAZETTE OF INDIA. New Delhi: Department of Environment, Forests & Wildlife. Rao, I. (12 July,2018). IMC-APLI MUmbai PortLands Conference 2018. Mumbai: issu.com. Rao, I. (12 November,2018). A CITIZENS VISION PLAN FOR MUMBAI'S PORTLANDS . Mumbai: issu.com. Rao, I. (5 Jan,2019). Mumbai Port Trust Planning Proposal Draft 27 Dec 2018 . Mumbai: issu.com. Research, N. C. (2008). Exploring market opportunities for fisheries sector in India. New Delhi: National Fisheries Development Board Govt. of India Hyderabad. Sub-Division-Bharuch, M. S. (2003). Layout plan for Veraval Port G.M.B (Gujarat Maritime Board). Veraval. Sundar, G. S. (2016). Building norms for coastal zones. The Hindu. AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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The Port Of Bombay. (n.d.). Mumbai : W.H.Neilson,Chairman,Bombay Port Trust. Tripathi, S. (2016). Redevelopment of sassoon dock,colaba-B.arch thesis. Mumbai: issu.com. TRIVEDI, V. (2016). The History Of Colaba Causeway, Mumbai In 1 Minute. 2-3. Unni, A., Bhadsavle, M., & Joseph, M. (2015). REDEVELOPING MUMBAIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S PORT LAND. Navi Mumbai.: YUVA (Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action) Urban Mumbai . urbz. (2009). Mumbai Eastern Waterfront. Mumbai: SlideShare. Venkatraman, T. (2019). Eastern waterfront revamp:New plan leaves just 74 hectares open space for mumbai. Hindustan Times, 1-2. Wikipedia. (2019, October 8). Retrieved https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colaba

from

Colaba.wikipedia:

Wikipedia. (2019, September 1). Retrieved from Ferry wharf:Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_Wharf

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Table of figures Figure 1:Islands of Bombay and Salsette (1797-1809) ........................................ 16 Figure 2:The Bombay archipelago in its regional context. ................................ 17 Figure 3:Geographical conceptions of Bombay................................................ 19 Figure 4:Bombay after reclamation. 1710 & 1843 .............................................. 20 Figure 5: The seven-island connected to form a city. ........................................ 20 Figure 6:Colaba causeway (old women's island 18260 ..................................... 21 Figure 7:Colaba in the distance. (March 1870) .................................................. 22 Figure 8: Colaba-railway-station Figure 9: Colaba Reclamation ........................................................................................................... 23 Figure 10: Prong's Lighthouse, Mumbai Figure 11: Existing condition of Mukesh mill ........................................................................................ 23 Figure 12:Mapping the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai (2014) .......................... 25 Figure 13:Timeline of Sassoon Dock, Mumbai

Source: Author ....................... 29

Figure 14:Aerial view of Sassoon Dock, Mumbai ................................................ 30 Figure 15: The Sassoon Dock Gate, Mumbai

Source: Author ....................... 31

Figure 16:View of Auction hall in Old Sassoon dock. Source: Author ............... 32 Figure 17:View of Auction hall in New Sassoon dock. Source: Author ............. 32 Figure 18: The monochrome wall mural portraits Figure 19: Building which had installations in it. .................................................................................. 34 Figure 20: Installation at entrance of exhibition. Figure 21: Installation on mezzanine level ............................................................................. 35 Figure 22:Fish landing centres in Maharashtra. ................................................... 36 Figure 23:Fishermen's villages, landing centres and markets in Mumbai. ........ 37 Figure 24:Flow chart of fishes in India. .................................................................. 37 Figure 25:Flow chart of number of fishing boats and expenditure ................... 38 Figure 26:Requirements of a trawler before going for fishing............................ 39 Figure 27:Requirements refilling at peak of 100 trips per day. ........................... 39 Figure 28:Water requirements at Sassoon dock. ................................................ 40 Figure 29:Map showing major landmarks and connecting roads to Sassoon dock. ....................................................................................................................... 43 AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Figure 30:Land use Map ........................................................................................ 44 Figure 31 Context and Sun path. ......................................................................... 45 Figure 32:Operating flowchart of fishing industry. Figure 33:Map showing points of SWOT analysis

Source: Author ............ 51 Source: Author ............. 54

Figure 34:Development plan 2034 ....................................................................... 57 Figure 35:Modernization proposal by MBPT (MUMBAI PORT TRUST) .................. 59 Figure 36:Zoning of Plan proposed by MbPT ....................................................... 60 Figure 37: Proposed ratio of public and fishing activities Figure 38: Aim of modernization ...................................................................................... 61 Figure 39:Positive aspects of proposal ................................................................. 61 Figure 40:Negative aspects of proposal .............................................................. 62 Figure 41:Proposal by Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation Ltd. (MFDCL) .................................................................................................................. 64 Figure 42:Aim of modernization of dock ............................................................. 65 Figure 43:Proposed plan by Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation Ltd. (MFDCL) ........................................................................................................... 65 Figure 44:View of Net mending shed, resting spaces planned and existing ... 66 Figure 45:View of existing and proposed Auction halls, MbPT office and water tank. ........................................................................................................................ 66 Figure 46: Location map of Veraval Figure 47: EXCHANGE and PAUSE activity ................................................................................................. 69 Figure 48:Plan of Veraval fishing harbour

Source: Author................. 70

Figure 49:Auction hall ............................................................................................ 71 Figure 50:Flowchart of Processing plant. ............................................................. 71 Figure 51:Flowchart of Ice factory ....................................................................... 72 Figure 52:(Contd...) Flowchart of Ice factory ...................................................... 73 Figure 53:Conceptual Section through making of ice slabs ............................. 73 Figure 54:Plan of fish market. Source: Author .................................................... 75 Figure 55:Conceptual section through cores

Source: Author ....................... 76

Figure 56:Conceptual section through cores

Source: Author ....................... 76

Figure 57:View of Wholesale market. Figure 58:Exterior view of the market. .................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 59:View showing the connecting staircase block to upper floor. ......... 77 AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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Figure 60:Ground floor plan of Market

Source: Author ................................ 79

Figure 61:First floor plan of market. Figure 62:Influence of context through colours. ....................................................................................... 80 Figure 63:Rear Elevation Source: Author ........................................................... 80 Figure 64:Section showing density of people at levels. ..................................... 80 Figure 65:The Rear view of the market with connecting staircase above. ..... 80 Figure 66:Shorter section. Figure 67:Market space on ground floor. ........................................................................................................... 81 Figure 68:The front view of the market seeing towards the sea. ...................... 81 Figure 69:Conceptual plan showing different activities. ................................... 82 Figure 70:Conceptual plan showing detail zoning of types of spaces. Source: Author ..................................................................................................................... 83 Figure 71:Bridge towards Promenade. Figure 72:5he main entrance Figure 73:Entrance to pier39 ................................................................................. 84 Figure 74:The main harbour. Figure 75:Sealions Point. Figure 76:Recreational activities. ..................................................................................... 84 Figure 77:Fundamental aspects to be considered for design. ......................... 87 Figure 78:Relation between infrastructure, user and elements ......................... 87 Figure 79:Map showing the demolished and formulating structures. .............. 88 Figure 80:Existing structures to be relocated Source: Author .......................... 89 Figure 81:Distribution parking for design program

Source: Author .......... 89

Figure 82:Amenities included in design program Source: Author. .................. 89

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Aishwarya Talawadekar aishwaryatalawadekar15@gmail.com +91 8693061912 AISHWARYA TALAWADEKAR|FIFTH YEAR B. ARCH|2019-2020

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