DESIGN PORTFOLIO
aaron fritsch 2009-2013
CONTACT
phone : 1+(859) 630.9078 email: ajfr222@g.uky.edu
Aaron J. Fritsch University of Kentucky Education
Awards & Recognition
Holy Cross High School National Honors Society 100+ hours of Community Service Accumulative GPA : 3.86
University of Kentucky Deans List Fall 2010, Spring 2011, Spring 2012, Fall 2012, Spring 2013
University of Kentucky B.A. in Architecture Accumulative GPA : 3.5
Work Experience Studio Gang Architects Intern spring 2012 D.O.T.S. ( Design Office Takebayashi Scroggin ) Research and design assistant fall 2013 Performa 2012 Fabrication Fabrication / builder
Pavilion Competition Phoenix Park, Lexington, KY 3rd Place 2010-2011 University of Kentucky / C.o.D. Second Year Design Award 2011-2012 University of Kentucky / C.o.D. Third Year Design Award 2012-2013 University of Kentucky/ C.o.D Fourth Year Design Award 2012 Travel Abroad Scholarship
Performa 2013 Fabrication Fabrication / builder
Published on Arch2o.com Student Work N.A.S.A. Observatory and Hotel Intermodel Transportation Hub 42
Tau Sigma Delta Visualization Workshop Instructor / Leader
Assisted Fabrication Published on SuckerPunchDaily.com Performa Fabrication 2012 Assisted Fabrication Published on Domus Performa Fabrication 2013
Aaron J. Fritsch University of Kentucky Skill Set
Current Research
Adobe Creative Suite Adobe InDesign Adobe Illustrator Adobe Photoshop
CTBUH Tower Competition ( with Tyler Smith & Mike Reinersman )
Rhinoceros 4.0 3-D Nurbs Modeling Software AutoCad 2013 3-D modeling and drafting
With society changing from an industrial world to an environment friendly society, architects must change their thinking as well. This competition is a re-imagining of what “TALL� means and how it can economically impact the environment through sustainable concepts. Tower Topologies 2013 ( with Jason Scroggin & Akari Takebayashi )
Maxwell Rendering
Tower Topologies is an investigation of structural systems implemented in notable skyscrapers from around the world, including The Empire State Building, 30 St. Mary Axe, Willis Tower, The original WTC Twin Towers and the CCTV. The goal of the research is to apply previously used structural systems to new formal strategic concepts, in hope to create a new variation.
Web Design
Next 7 Competition ( with Drew McGurk )
Laser Cutting
Next 7 is a competition held by Arch20. The goal of the competition is to envision the Next- by conceiving of a proposed [set of] condition(s) which is( are) fundamentally different from the present. The competition has no date restriction, time table or site specified.
Revit 2013 V-ray Rendering
Secondary Language A.S.L American Sign Language
Contact
References
Phone: 1+(859) 630.9078
Mike McKay Kyle Miller Akari Takebayashi Jason Scroggin
email: ajfr222@g.uky.edu
CONTENT 01 Intermodel Transportation Hub42 02 N.A.S.A. Hotel & Observatory Complex 03 San Francisco Fire Department 04 Performa 13 05 Noho Public Library
EXTRA CURRICULAR 01 Assisted Fabrication_Performa 12 02 Assisted Fabrication_Performa 13 03 Assisted Fabrication_Baby Pink 04 Observational and Freehand Drawing
Intermodel Transportation Hub42
01 published on Arch2o.com 2012-2013 UK/C.o.D 4th year Design Award
project
Speed, scale and congestion are common terms used to describe the atmosphere that is new york city. However these terms that define the city can also be a limiting quality. With the massive scale of buildings, views are very limiting. Its fast pace allows for no points of rest within the city and congestion make public space almost non-existent. HUB42 acts as an urban heart, re-routing the circulation of the hudson river edge by breaking the site's linear program and circulation into an integrated loop that combines transit, pedestrian, and program into one integrated system that draws people out from the inner city onto it's edge, offering the city new public space, points of rest and views back to new york city and the new jersey skyline. It does all this while still maintaining the nature of the hub's program and the city itself, speed and efficiency.
location
New York City, NY, U.S.A.
category
cultural / transportation
year
2012
01
2 3
3
3
3 3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3 3 3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
original field
extracted points
emergent connection
System Connection The system is connected through a series of points, 1, 2, 3. Each point has a certain rule to which point it can connect to another point. 1 Can only connect to 2. 2 can connect to both 1 and 3. 3 can never connect to 1 or another 3. A new condition emerges from the field of systematized points.
industrial recreational residential recreation along boardwalk
site’s program
15 Ft. clearance code
Contextual analysis The site is located on the hudson river edge which contains various programs along the boardwalk that move in a linear direction from north to south
primary circulation
neutral space
terminal 3
terminal 2
terminal 1
terminal 1
terminal 1
terminal 3
secondary circulation
terminal 2
terminal 3
terminal 2
Circulation Concept Along 42nd street there are three main types of traffic-tranist, pedestrian and ferry’s along the street’s edge. All three modes of transportation move in a linear direction creating a static range of circulation across the site. By pushing the city’s circulation over the edge through the intermodel hub and out onto the water, all three modes of circulation can be intertwined. As a result the Hub acts as an urban heart for the area, pumping the circulation of the cars, buses, people, bikers and ferry’s into one cohesive system.
view to New Jersey
view to Freedom Tower
view to U.S.S. Intrepid
first floor circulation
second floor circulation
exterior circulation
Building Circulation and views The building is sculpted from the site’s exterior circulation, servicing pedestrians, buses, and boats. As the user circulates through the building from wing to wing the user receives views to New Jersey, the Freedom Tower, and the U.S.S. Intrepid.
nyc region info space
4
public space
1.museum exhibition for nasa
1
2.musuem exhibition for airforce 1
2 3
1.open courtyard and public seating
2
2.viewing deck for hudson river edge
3.musuem exhibition for intrepid 4.gift shop
transit space building services
3
1.bus terminal
1
1.elevator
2
1a. security screening
1a 1b
2.bathrooms
1b.bus ticketing / check-in
2
1d 1c
3.maintence & storage
2
1
1c
1c
1c.bus drop off / pick up 1d.bus dispatch station
3
eatery space 1.resturant
2.ferry terminal
2a
2d
2b 2c
2.kitchen
2c
4
2c
3.bar
2d.ferry dispatch station
office space 3
1. muesum currator
2b.ferry ticketing / check-in 2c.ferry drop off/ pick up
4.delhi
3 1 2 4
2a.security screening
3d
3.heliport terminal 3a.security screening
3a 3b
3b.heliport ticketing / check-in
2. head of security 3. business 3c
4.reservations office
3c.heliport drop off/ pick up 3d.dispatch station
1.security check 2.bus ticketing 3.waiting station 4.corridor one 5.nasa museum/exhibition space 6.courtyard 7.corridor two 8.ferry waiting station 9.ferry ticketing 10.dispactch station 11.officies 12.security check 13.corridor three 14.hudson viewing deck
68’
11 10
12
9
14
8
215’
215’
7’
7
13
7’ 7’
5
1 2 7’
68’
7’
215’
First Floor Plan
68’
1.nyc gift shop 2.restraurant 3.kitchen 4.corridor four 5.offices 6.dispatch station 7.heliport ticketing 8.maintence storage 9.security check 10.heliport waiting
68’
3
2 1
215’
7’
4 5
7’
6
8 9 7
10
68’
Second Floor Plan
Section B 1. viewing eck 2.offices 3.corridor one 4.courtyard 5.corridor three 6.ferry waiting 7.nyc gift shop 8.helipad
b
8
26’
7
2
13’
3
1
4
5
6
Section A
a
1.bus waiting 2.heliport waiting 3.corridor one 4.offices 5.nyc gift shop 6.ferry ticketing 7.restaurant & bar
26’
2
13’
1
4 3
7
5 6
N.A.S.A. Observatory Tower and Hotel
02 published on Arch2o.com 2010-2011 UK/C.o.D 2nd year Design Award
project
In an effort to boister public interest in the United States Space Program as well as increase tourist visitation, NASA has initiated a call for design to build a twenty story observation tower and hotel complex. This complex will serve as a host for NASA related program activites as well as a destination point for vistors wanting to view launches from the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Base. The project is sited near the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex within the Marshes of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.
location
Peacocks Pocket, FL, U.S.A.
category
commercial
year
2011
02
2-D field
program
connection points
emergent void
2-D to 3-D The dodecahedron is a 12 sided geometric shape that is the resultant of a 12 polygons folded along their edges. The shapes unique but simple geometry allows it to be easily aggregated into a field, allowing the original 2-D field to grow into a third dimension.
unit of three
unit of five
unit of six
aggregated variation The field of dodecahedrons is aggregated in connections of two’s, three’s, fives, and sixes. Each variation creates a new void, allowing pattern variation across the field.
growth program growth
void space
program strategy The red, green, and yellow model shows the dodecahedrons as program while the blue model shows the programmatic connecting units, allowing the system to grow. As the system grows new voids begin to emerge. These conditions emerge from the units aggregation (blue) and the fields growth (green).
void from unit of 3
void from unit of 5
void from unit of 6
emergent void void from unit of 3
program emergent void
void from unit of 5
aggregated field The field of dodecahedrons creates a new mass which has several emerging conditions that are generated due to the systems aggregation
Degeneration One of the key concepts of the model is degeneration-that the field systematically makes its own void. They unit of the dodecahedrons physically degenerate as well. They open sided units act as new attachment points for the system.
Generation Even when the dodecahedrons are continuously aggregated to created more voids within the field, the addition inherently allows the field to systemically grow, making an unpredictable form
floor plate
regulated geometry
floor plate
fragmented geometry
The dodecahedron model is intersected by the towers floor plates
The floor plate slices through the existing model, creating a new fragmented geometry
fragmented geometry
connecting points new space
new space new geometry line new space
The fragmented geometry creates a new system of connecting points
fragmented geometry
The set of connecting points allows for a new, folded geometry, creating new spaces for programmatic functions
Observation Deck Slicing the Dodecahedrons creates a newly fragmented geometry that allows for new openings, accomadating programmatic function. These openings allow for more light to enter the space and visibility to see the N.A.S.A. lauch from Cap Canaveral.
void in field
1. views to launch 2.views to marsh
program
1. perforated mesh 2.glazing
1 2
2 1 1
2 field cut by tower frame
subtraction creates observational views
fragmented geometry is left exposed
Addition by Subtraction The field of dodecahedrons is placed inside the tower’s framework. By slicing the field by the tower’s frame, new voids within the original field emerge. These voids are then projected outward, cutting away parts of the tower. This subtraction allows views for user to witness the launch from Cape Canaveral or observe the wildlife of the marsh.
San Francisco Fire Department Competition
03 Independent Competition In collaboration with Tyler Smith and Drew McGurk
project
The San Francisco Fire Station serves not only to centralize and improve the service of the fire department but also to act a new icon for the city, a memorial for the tragic fire of 1906 and is also a gift and taken of appreciation and gratitude from the city to the department. The new center should not only be a practical space designed to respond the needs of the firefighters, but must become an icon of the city which rose from the ashes and a reminder of the tragedy of 1906. The building is not only for the people of San Francisco but a building the entire world associates with the fire department.
location
San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.
category
student competition
year
2013
03
3 core programs
fire station program garage outfit zone equipment room Infirmary control tower offices
re-sizing and redistribution
connectivity
overlapping circulation
exterior program parking boat dock helipad harbor
residential program kitchen dining hall lounge dormitories locker rooms gymnasium
new connectivity
shared spaces
shared program reception hall classrooms restaurant swimming pool
overlapping circulation
programmatic concepts The 3 core areas are the fire station, exterior and residence. The station acts as the core, while the exterior and residential programs branch off of it.
diagonal city grid with attraction points
grid points isolated towards attractions
program arranged towards attractors and around new grid points
city grid projection The diagonal grid of San Francisco is projected onto the site, creating a set of grid points across the site. The grid points are relocated On the grid based on the sites attraction points. The 3 attraction points are the San Francisco Bay, The Bay Bridge, and city of San Francisco.
linear connection between grid points
views to three main attractions
site circulation for 3 core programs
formal connection The attraction points give the diagonal grid a new set of connection points. The linear connection between those points provide a formal outline that is then modified to fit programmatic function and responds to the site conditions
Fire station control room offices garage kitchen gym training
1F circulation
transit employee
residence
2F circulation
Residence locker room lounge
employee public residence
dorms Public observation deck
3F+ circulation
lounge tribute museum banquet hall balcony
public
c
steel floor beam
b
interior finish
a
glazing panel clipping
c b
white metal panel
air cavity
b c
a
secondary structure
decking
b c
2.25’
b
a
1.5’
2.25’
1.75’
1.25’
2’
1.75’
c
2.5’
2’ 1.5’ SIZE A
2.5’
2’
1’
1’
b
2.5’
2’
1.25’ SIZE B
SIZE C
45’
reception hall balcony gymnasium locker room training
dormitory
30’ 15’
GL
Program placement An essential part of a fire station is its ability to quickly respond to an emergency. Therefore, particular programs must have a close proximity to each other. The main part of the building houses much the fire stations program but the adjoining structure provides housing for its employees and is in close proximity to the fire station, exit for the boats, and training facility, allowing for the quickest response time.
Performa 13
04
project
“The PERFORMA Studio an intensive research and fabrication studio involving material systems and design strategies. This work seeks to create multi-performative material systems utilizing optimization, aggregation and efficiency. Simple units and semifinished materials are physically tested in order to extract potential performative characteristics and limits. These limits are then negotiated through rigorous digital and physical techniques in order to produce strategies of fabrication. The formal systems have inherent structural capacities and an ability to adapt to changing conditions. Because of the system pliability, variation can occur within a seemingly homogenous system. The challenge of the PERFORMA research is to engage a methodology that allows the designer to create dynamic formal systev ms using simple materials and methods without the need to rely on ‘rapid prototyping’ techniques. Mass customized materials take a tremendous amount of time and energy to produce and usually are simply a product of software techniques or machining limits.”- Mike McKay
location
Lexington, KY
category
abstract / research
year
2013
04
single unit
emergent condition 1
single unit overlap
overlap repeated
emergent condition 2
emergent condition 3
overlaprepeated repeated overlap
emergent condition 4 4 emergent condition
Aggregated Systems The field is comprised on the same unit, a circle. The circle is continuously repeated and attached at the center of its counterpart. Through continuos repetition, a systematic field condition is created.
triple arched triangle
unit
straight side edges
rounded edges
unit bent second time
unit bent third time
rounded and stretched
three units create base unit
Unit refinement Triple arched triangle is refined with rounded edges to prevent the unit from bending and cracking when its weight touches the ground. To give the material more strength, the unit is aggregated into groups of three.
aggregation
plan of base unit
parallel to first emergent condition
Smooth Topology The backside of the model has a smooth topology, revealing the circular pattern that emerges from the fields aggregation. The smooth bottom allows the system to lay flat, making it easy to transport.
Hairy Topology Due to the rounded triangles, the front of the field of the model has a pointed, hairy-like topology. This hairy topology allows the model to support itself as the field begins to bend and flex.
Unit Flex 1
Unit Flex 2
Unit Flex 3
plastic folder
p.e.t.g.
pop rivet
Multiple Materials The unit is comprised of two different materials-Polyethlene Terephthalate Glycol (p.e.t.g.) and Plastic folders. P.e.t.g. is a heavier, thicker material that gives the unit strength and structural viability. The plastic folder is a thinner material that has enough strength to push back on the p.e.t.g.preventing the unit from collapsing on itself. The folder also has a slicker surface, causing less friction between the unit and allowing it to move with its counterpart rather than against it.
Flexibility The duality in material not only provides variation to the system but allows it to bend and flex to the constructs of its surrounding environment while maintaining its structural viability.
Noho Public Library
05 2011-2012 UK/C.o.D. 3rd year Design Award
project
We live in the information age, an age where knowledge is power. Historically the library is a society respository of knowledge. From the libraries containing clay tablets in ancient Mesopotamia to high speed internet access of today, libraries contain information that reflect the societies that create them. The primary responsibility is one of a social interaction and social networking. The challenge is to include the idea of a social hub into a quiet place of learning, while still keeping them separate so one can’t disrupt the other, while at the same time, creating a unique condition based off material studies that can operate formally, programmatically, structurally, and spaitially.
location
New York City, NY
category
cultural
year
2011
05
Material Manipulation Heat is a form of energy that can be used to alter the physical characteristic of any subject based on its temperature. When applied to white foam, the flimsy material goes through an entirely new transformation that changes the foams materialistic properties. The foam’s morphology is transformed from a flexible white surface into a hardened, eroded material that is self-supporting due to its new topology. This new morphology creates new openings and closings, different texture, and a fragmented transparency across its surface. The morphologies are translated into a design process that uses the newly created pattern as a way to generate form and space. The pattern is simultaneously projected onto to a solid mass both horizontally and vertically. Its negative leaves highly fragmented spaces that challenge the traditional meaning of open vs. close, inside vs. outside, public vs. private, and seclusion vs. togetherness.
pattern opening lofting points
shell
programmatic massing
pattern applied across all 6 surfaces of the original mass
pattern lofted within shell to creating web-like network
vertical extrusion
lateral extrusion
lateral extrusion
programmatic massing
pattern extruded in a lateral direction and vertical direction
Digital Material Experimentation
extrusion erodes away interior creating new spatial arrangement
extruded study
lofted study
tube 1
occupiable volume tube 2 view openings
tube 3 tube 4 tube 5
occupiable volume
tube 6
tube for circulation
tube for structure
eroded interior creates new programmatic space
Digital Material Experimentation By lofting the pattern openings to their counterparts, a network of tubing is created within inside the volume. This tubing has the potential to be used for circulation through the volume or for structure. The extruded study carves away at the volume, creating new occupiable spaces.
boundary extruded upward
site boundary
60 dB opening created for transit flow
50 dB
traffic and pedestrian flow
35 dB
programmatic zones based on decibel level
facade application
formal logic The buildings form is a response to the sites restrictive nature and demographic information, including transit flows for pedestrian and traffic. It’s facade application is a direct translation from the material investigation
1
horizontal circulation
tube elements tube 1 2 vertical circulation static movement
35 dB tube 2
3 50 dB handicap accessibility
elements pushed to edges 60 dB 4
tube 3
program is now divided by tubes
pedestrian flow 5
omnidirectional movement
building circulation
service space 1.elevator 2.bathrooms 3.check-out 4.point of sale 5.kitchen 6. lobby and
2 2
3
3
3
6
1 1 1 2 3 1
education 1.main library book/shelving/seating 2.kids library book/shelving/seat 3.lecture hall/auditorium
work space
books/shelving/seating
check-out
elevator
4 2 5
computer lab
1
work space work space
1 2 3
books/shelving/seating bathroom check-out
technology space 1.computer lab 2.video library 3.audio library
Fifth Floor
quiet cell
Fourth Floor
elevator
video library
1 2
audio library 3
check-out bathrooms check-out
social space 1.cafe/lounge 2.reception 3.meeting
children's library
Thrid Floor
elevator point of sale
1 3
2
cafe/lounge/seating
lecture hall seating reception area/seating
Second Floor
lecture hall presentation
outdoor space 1.outdoor public
star bucks cafe lobby/info desk/check-out
lecture bathrooms presenta-
1
meeting place/ seating bathrooms
maintenance 1.storage and 2.operating room
executive lounge
First Floor outdoor space bathrooms
2
operating room
kitchen
1
work and/ or executive space 1.offices/conference room 2.executive lounge/ 3.quiet cells 4.desk and work space
circulation space
supply room
4
4
3 1
conference room
2
building program
offices
Basement
restroom
auditorium
offices 200’
27’ 47’
s1
s2 200’
cafe
tube 1
lounge
Second Floor Plan
restroom
tube 3
tube 2
restroom
200’
27’ 47’
200’
audio and video library
reading cells
children's library Third Floor Plan
restrooms
computer lab
work / study space 200’
27’ 47’
s1
s2 200’
books
reading cells
reading cells
reading cells
Fourth Floor Plan
check-out
books
restrooms
computer bank Fifth Floor Plan
work / study space
1.lobby 2.cafe 3.auditorium / lecture hall 4.lounge 5.audio section 6.childern reading cells
7.children’s library 8.books 9.computer lab 10.reading cells 11.reading cells 12. main library 13. work station
63’
12 51’
13
11 8
9
10
39’
5 27’
6
7
2 3
15’
4 1
Section 1
1.entrance 2.auditorium / lecture hall 3.reading cells 4.corridor 5.computer lab
6.tube 2 7.check-out
63’
6
7
4
5
51’
39’
3
27’
2 15’
ACME
1
Section 2
b a r
ACME
Clashing Context The Noho Public Library clashes strongly against its surrounding context. Most of the Noho district is historic building with traditional materials, ornamentation, doors and windows. The goal of the project was to develop the material study into a building system that could provide circulation, structure, etc. The Noho Library uses the study to provide all of these qualities and as a result, the building stands out in appearance, materiality and function, challenging its counterparts by questioning the traditional context in which it is set.
Assisted Fabrication Performa 13
01 Published on Domus Designed by: Mike McKay and Craig Chamberlain Assisting Fabricators: Aaron J. Fritsch, Ethan Marlowe, Lauren Davis, Jenna Roggensack, Drew McGurk, Craign Chamberlain
project
Performa 13 is a continuation of the Performa research that involves material systems and design strategies. This work seeks to create multi-performative material systems utilizing optimization, aggregation and efficiency. Performa 13 is a rounded polygon that has the center removed, resulting in a more pliable unit. The piece that is removed is reused and reinserted in the base unit acting as a reinforcement so that the material does not snap. The model is made of white PVC foam and is connected through a series of threaded posts and screws that have washers around them. The washers keep the posts from snapping apart as the field flexes. When the system is taken apart, every unit can lay flat, making the work easy to transport and install anywhere.
location
Lexington, KY
category
assisted fabrication
year
2013
01
Assisted Fabrication Performa 12
02 Published on SuckerPunchDaily.com Designed by: Mike McKay and Adriana Torres Assisting Fabricators: Darcy Osting, Brian Moore, Madelynn Ringo, Jamie Lam, Anne Schwab, Brian Oldiges, Chris Dudley, Adriana Torres, Taisa Sehic, Bethany Long, Jeff Guiducci Christian Newman, Aaron Fritsch, Ben Ward, Ben Kolder
project
Performa 12 is a continuation of the Performa research that involves material systems and design strategies. This work seeks to create multi-performative material systems utilizing optimization, aggregation and efficiency. The unit of Performa 12 is a square that has a diagonal cut running from the corner of the square to its center point. The square is then rolled on itself creating a cone. This cone acts as a base unit that is then aggregated with 5 other base units creating a mega unit. The mega unit’s aggregation create several different variations that run through the field. The model is made of red PVC and held together by threaded posts and aluminum screws.
location
Lexington, KY
category
assisted fabrication
year
2012
02
Assisted Fabrication Baby Pink
03 Designed by: Mike McKay and Lauren Davis Assisting Fabricators: Aaron J. Fritsch, Ethan Marlowe, Lauren Davis, Jenna Roggensack, Drew McGurk, Craign Chamberlain
project
Baby Pink is a continuation of the Performa research that involves material systems and design strategies. This work seeks to create multi-performative material systems utilizing optimization, aggregation and efficiency. Previous models have all had the ability to flex, making them transferable to any site or space. However this system is one that is fixed and its materiality is very different. Instead of using multi-performative materials, Baby Pink uses pink foam. The foam is cut into a triangle then beveled along the edges. Holes are drilled on each triangle to allow people to see in and low to get out of the fabrication.
location
Lexington, KY
category
assisted fabrication
year
2013
03
Freehand Drawing
04 Completed by: Aaron J. Fritsch
project
The hand drawings selected range from direct observations of fruit, drawings from memory to recreate the human body, to the distortion and morphology of form. These drawings not only try to depict the image but also capture the images light and texture through various methods of shading. Each drawing was completed using a number 2 lead pencil and an ebony pencil . All drawings were completed in 2009.
location
Lexington, KY
category
freehand drawing
year
2009
04
Drawing from memory The drawing is done completely from memory. It is a combination of both ebony pencil and black pen. The bird’s nest is a physical example of how a linear object (the twigs) are used as a building material to form a mass (the nest).
Morphology This drawing takes the form of the human body and analysis the different layers of the body, exposing the vertebrae, the shoulder plate, the muscle tissue, and exterior form while the glass’s static stem is transformed into a curvilinear form.
Drawing from memory The challenge of the drawing was to draw the hand in which you draw with, making the artist recall all the hands detail, form, and proper scale from memory. The drawing is comprised of lead pencil and ebony pencil.
Direct Observation The goal of the direct observation was to not only accurately draw the fruit but to capture the reflection of light and shadow cast across the object. The secondary focus was to accurately depict the texture of each fruit.