二十一世 定居点
州
21s tCent ur ySet t l ement Suz hou
Cont ent sPage
I nt r oduct i on-p1 Mani f est o-p224 Scal eCompar i son-p2527 Gr owt hSt r at egy-p2821 Ur banDevel opment-p3237 Tr anspor t-p3844 I ni t i alSt udi es-p4548 SuzhouUr banCondi t i ons-p4955 CompactCi t y-p5659 Sat el l i t eCi t y-p6062 Pr ecedentSt udy-Veni ce-p6369 Pr ecedentSt udy-Amst er dam -p7077 Esqui sse-p78 St r at egy-p7992
Thi si samani f es t of orur bandev el opmenti nChi na,us i ngSuz houasa l abor at or yt ot es ti deasabouthow ar chi t ect scanhel pt oaddr es st he ques t i onr ai s edbyr api dur bani s at i on.Dev el opmenti ss omet hi ngt hat cannothappenwi t houtr i gor ousf or et hought .Chi namus tdev el opi t s abi l i t yt o pl an,s hape and cont r oldev el opment .Thi s mani f es t oi s i nt endedf ort heus ebyal l t hos ei nv ol v edi nt heor gani s at i on,des i gnand cons t r uct i onofChi na’ snewci t i esandt owns .
Suz houMani f es t o
Mani f es t o|3
Ci t ygr owt h,caus edbyr api dur bani s at i onandpopul at i oni ncr eas es ,has gi v enr i s et oChi nes emegaci t i eswi t hani l l def i nedur banedge.The s peedands cal eofdev el opmenthav ecr eat edpl acest hatar edi s j oi nt ed, canbedi f f i cul tt ol i v ei nandhar dt ounder s t and.Thej umpi nt hes cal eof dev el opmentbet weent hel owr i s ehi s t or i ccent r esandv i l l ages ,andt he new ur bannei ghbour hoodscanbedi s or i ent at i ngand‘ dehumani s i ng’ . We wantt ol i mi tur ban s pr awl-i nt ens i f y i ng dev el opmentwi t hi nt he ex i s t i ngci t i esandcr eat i ngwel l connect ednews et t l ement s .
AHumanScal e
Mani f es t o|5
Ur banex pans i onhascr eat edt r ans por t at i onpr obl ems ,r es ul t i ngi nt r af f i c conges t i onandi ncr eas edt r av el t i mes .Theex i s t i ngl ocal i nf r as t r uct ur ei s i ns uf f i ci entf ort hedev el opi ngur banact i v i t y .Thes epar at i onofar easof wor kf r om domes t i c nei ghbour hoods has r es ul t ed i n pr es s ur e on i nf r as t r uct ur e. Ther es i dent sneedgr eat ermobi l i t yt hr oughout t heci t yand i nt hewi derr egi onal andi nt er nat i onal cont ex t .Themas s t r ans i ts y s t ems needt obemor es ophi s t i cat ed;s er v i ngawi derar eaandgi v i ngmor e l ocal i s edpr ov i s i onal l owi ngpeopl et ol i v ecl os et ot hei rwor k .
Connect edI nf r as t r uct ur e
Mani f es t o|7
New Chi nes e hous i ng i s pr ov i di ng homes wi t hr unni ng wat erand s ani t at i onf ort her ur alpoorandt hedev el opi ngmi ddl ecl as s ,butt he ur ban and ar chi t ect ur alqual i t y oft hes et owerbl ock si s poor .The s t andar d hous i ng bl ock , whi ch i sr epr oduced t hr oughout l ar ge commer ci al l ydr i v enes t at es ,f ai l satanumberofl ev el si npar t i cul ari ni t s f ai l ur et oaddr es st het hr es hol dbet weenpr i v at eandpubl i cs pace.We bel i ev e ashous i ng f or msa k eycomponentoft he ci t yt os ol v et he hous i ng pr obl em i saques t i onofur bandes i gn.Thr oughat hor ough s t udyoft r adi t i onalandcont empor ar yhous i ngt y peswecanpr opos e newappr oachesf orci t yl i v i ng. Wepr opos epl anni nggui del i nesf ormi x ed v al ue hous i ng dev el opment as oppos ed t o es t at es s epar at i ng cl as s / i ncomegr oups .
Hous i ngt heNewUr banChi nes e
Mani f es t o|9
I ndus t r i algr owt hhasgi v enr i s et ov er yl ar gei ndus t r i ales t at ess etapar t f r om ot herur banact i v i t i es .I ndus t r i aldev el opmenti si mpor t antf orany s et t l ement .Somes i t es peci f i ci ndus t r i es ,s uchasf i s hf ar mi ng,canhel p as et t l ementdev el op a par t i cul archar act er .Whi l ez oni ng i s of t en neces s ar yt heconnect i onbet weenz onesmus t bedr amat i cal l yi mpr ov ed f ort hebenef i toft hewor k f or ceandt oi mpr ov et heur banqual i t i esoft he ci t y .
I nt egr at i ngI ndus t r y
Mani f es t o|11
Chi naai mst of eedi t spopul at i onwi t houthav i ngt or el yoni mpor t s ,but t her api dur bani s at i onhascont r i but edt ot hel os sof agr i cul t ur al l and. And manyf ar mer snowl i v ei nunf ami l i arur bancondi t i ons .I npl aceofur ban s pr awl andt r ans i t i onal s paces-wepr opos ear easofdef i nedagr i cul t ur al act i v i t y ,i nwhi chpr oduct i v i t yi si mpr ov ed,anddi s t i nctar easf orur ban dev el opment .Wewi l lcr eat eoppor t uni t i esf ors mal ls cal egar deni ng/ al l ot ment swi t hi nur banhous i ngbl ock s .
TheLos sofAgr i cul t ur al Land
Mani f es t o|13
Ex i s t i ng f or malpubl i cs paces and gar dens ar e popul arbuthi ghl y cont r ol l edenv i r onment st hat don’ t al l owf ors pont aneousi nf or mal human i nt er act i on.Themos tact i v eoft hepubl i cr eal m ar ecommer ci als t r eet s . Ther ei sal ackofs mal l ers cal es pacesamongandbet weenhous i ng bl ock sands hoppi ngar eas .Thes et t l ement swi l lcr eat es mal l er‘ mi cr o publ i cs paces ’t hatar ewi t hi neachnei ghbour hood.Thi swi l li ncr eas e s oci ali nt er act i on,out dooract i v i t yandl i v eabi l i t y .Wewi l lal s oi nt r oduce ‘ macr opubl i cs paces ’t hatcr eat ecent r esand‘ pl aces ’wi t hi nt heci t yf or publ i cev ent s .
NewPubl i cSpace
Mani f es t o|15
Ther api dcons t r uct i onr at ehasl eadt oal os si nbui l dqual i t y .Ther ei sa l ack ofex per ti nv ol v ementatl at es t ages ofcons t r uct i on and t he wor k f or ce i sgener al l yunder s k i l l ed.Poordet ai l i ng,cos tand cor ner cut t i nghasbeenadopt edt odealwi t ht hi sf as tpace.Al lpr opos ednew dev el opmenti nt henews et t l ementwi l l bedes i gnedt obebui l tqui ck l y .I t i scl eart hatwemus ts pendt i meonpr ot ot y peanddes i gndev el opment ofbui l di ng component si n or dert o cr eat e good bui l di ngs qui ck l y . Cons t r uct i on wor k er s mus thav et he s k i l l st o bui l dt hes ei nnov at i v e el ement s . Thi s wi l lmean i nv es t i ng i n des i gn t al ent t o pr oduce component sanddes i gncons t r uct i onmet hodst hatar ef as t ,f unct i onal andbeaut i f ul .
Fas tCons t r uct i on
Mani f es t o|17
TheTai huLak eand s ur r oundi ng wat er way sar epol l ut ed and t heai r qual i t yoft heci t yi spoor .Ur bani s at i onhascr eat edani ncr eas ei nt he v ol umeofi ndus t r i alwas t e.Wewi l lcl eanupandmak ebet t erus eoft he ex i s t i ngwat er way sandt hel ak e.TheChi nes egov er nmenti sat t empt i ng t oaddr es sai rpol l ut i onbutwewi l ll ookf oroppor t uni t i est oi mpr ov eai r ands ur f acewat erqual i t yi nal l ofourdev el opmentpr opos al s .
Des i gni ngOutPol l ut i on
Mani f es t o|19
Coal ,cur r ent l yt hemai ns our ceofener gyi n Suz hou,i st hebi gges t gener at orofi ndus t r i alpol l ut i on.Renewabl e ener gy f or ms a s mal l per cent ageoft het ot al ener gypr oduct i onandl owcar bons t r at egi esar e v er yl i mi t ed.Ours et t l ement swi l li ncr eas et hepr oduct i onofr enewabl e ener gyt ohel pmi ni mi s et heef f ect sofcoalpol l ut i on.Des i gner swi l lbe encour agedt of av ourpas s i v edes i gnov ermechani cal appr oaches .
Fut ur eEner gyPr oduct i on
Mani f es t o|21
Thewaypeopl ef r om out s i deChi nabegi nt owor kont her es ol ut i onof Chi na’ sur banques t i onsi sadi f f i cul t ques t i on. Al t houghChi nes et r adi t i on i si nf l uent i al i nmanyar easofl i f ei ti snotr ef l ect edi nmoder nar chi t ect ur e. Knowl edgeandex per i encewi l lhel pust oav oi ddes i gni ngi napas t i che orpat r oni s i ng manner .We can s t ar tt o dev el op a cont empor ar y ar chi t ect ur al l anguagef orChi na.
Chi naandt heRes toft heWor l d
Mani f es t o|23
Scal eCompar i s on|25
Popul at i on-1 , 347, 350, 000 2, 262, 000 Popul at i on-6 0. 1% Ur banPopul at i on-9 . 7% Ur banPopul at i onGr owt hRat e-0 42, 900 LandAr eak m²-2 Ci t i esov er1mi l l i on-2
Ur banPopul at i on-4 4. 9% Ur banPopul at i onGr owt hRat e-2 . 3% LandAr eak m²-9 , 596, 961 Ci t i esov er1mi l l i on-1 60
Scal eCompar i s on|26
T r ans por t |29
Veni ceOpenSpaceAnal y s i s| 65
Thi spubl i cat i oni sbes tv i ewedi nphy s i cal f or mat ass omeov er l ay sar epr i nt edont r aci ngpaperandt her ear ehandwr i t t enannot at i ons . Thi sbooki st hewor kofTheSuz houUr banDes i gnPr oj ect Wear eacol l ect i v eofMAr chs t udent sf r om TheScot tSut her l andSchool ofAr chi t ect ur e Rober tGor donUni v er s i t y ,Scot l and Fol l owourwor kat :s uz houmani f es t o. com Wear eRos sPi r i e,Phi l i pChan,ZhenRonT an,Aqeel Khan,Ki mber l yScal l y ,Andr ew Meggi ns on,Hedi ehGhods i ,Cal l um J os s ,AbbyMur dochKi r s t yChey ne&Sar ahBar cl ay Thepr oj ecti sl eadbyAl anDunl op,PennyLewi s&Si monLeeman