ISRAEL & PALESTINE - The Examination
ISRAEL &
WHAT ARE THE EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT SHA
HOW ARE THE AREAS O
PALESTINE
APED ISRAEL AND PALESTINE AS NATION STATES?
OF CONFLICT OCCUPIED?
Roman Empire British Empire
For more than 1600 year, the jews formed the main settled population of palestimes. Often invaded by the Babylonians, Greeks, Persians and Romans the Jews remained until the Roman conquest the predominant people of Palestine often with long periods of independence. During the Roman conquest, some Jews remained around Palestine primarily around the cities of Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem.
Centers of Jewish revolt angainst Roman rule
The Jewish Kingdom at the time of Solomon
Area of the earliest Jewish Settlmenet
The Boundaries of the Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom
Amman Jerusalem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
THE JEWS OF PALESTINE BEFORE THE ARAB CONQUEST 1100BC-636AD
Proposed Jewish State Area to remain under British Mandate Proposed Arab State Primary Railway
In 1936, Arab attacks on Jewish life and property was reaching a record high. The British government issued the Royal Comission to investigate and resolve the issue. Upon investigation, it was recommended that Palestine and Jerusalem were to be given their own soveriegn states by means of partition while the British control the corridor from Jaffa to Jerusalem. The Jews accepted the plan while the Arabs rejected it.
Great Britain
Proposed Jewish State
Territorial Comparison
65,472
37,337
45,267 31,195 29,595
14,675
12,553
10,629
4,075 1930
Jewish Immigration
1940
Towns with Jewish and Arab Population Jewish Settlements
THE JEWISH SETTLEMENT IN PALESTINE 1880-1914
Tel-Aviv Ramallah
Jericho
Jerusalem Bethlehem Gaza
Hebron
JEWISH SETTLEMENTS ESTABLISHED IN 1931
Damascus
Acre Haifa
Tiberias
Afula
Deraa
Nablurs Tel-Aviv Ramallah
Amman
Jerricho
Jerusalem Bethlehem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
Maan
THE PEEL COMMISION PLAN FOR PARTITION 1937
Damascus
Acre Tiberias
Haifa Afula
Deraa
Nablus Tel-Aviv Jaffa Jerusalem
Amman
Jerusalem
Jerusalem Bethlehem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
Maan
Proposed Jewish State Remain under British Mandate Jewish Land inside Arab State Proposed Arab State
A BRITISH PLAN FOR PARTITION 1938
Damascus
Acre Haifa
Tiberias
Afula
Deraa
Nablus Tel-Aviv Jaffa Ramallah
Amman
Jerricho
Jerusalem Bethlehem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
Maan
Proposed Jewish State Remain under British Mandate Jewish Land inside Arab State Proposed Arab State
A JEWISH PROPOSAL FOR PARTITION 1938
ARAB TENSIONS
Between 1919 and 1939, 360,00 Jewish immigrants settled with Israel along with 50,000 Arabs who decided to migrate to Palestine. Both territories were being occupied by opposing races that laid claim to what they beleived to be their righful holy land. Israel attacted large numbers of immigrants betwee 1919 and 1939 as there was an increase in job oppurtunities and agricultural conditions created by the jews.
3MIL
Predicted rise in Jewish Population
2MIL
Estimated Jewish population according to current immigration trend
Estimated Growth of Arab Population
1MIL
1900
GROWING ARAB FEARS
2000
On 17th May 1939, following an arab protest, the British issued a ‘White Paper’ restricting the Jewsish migration to 15,000 a year after which no immigration was allowed without Arab permission. This made is possible for the Arabs to prevent the Jews from becomg the dominant race in Palestine.
Tel Aviv
Ramallah Jericho Jerusalem
Bethlehem
Bethlehem Gaza
Land closed off from Jewish purchase Dense Jewish population with continued purchasing Already owned Jewish land that cannot be occupied Jewsinh purchases are strictly curtailed
BRITISH RESTRICTIONS ON JEWISH LAND PURCHASE 1940
Damascus
Acre Tiberias
Haifa Afula
Deraa
Nablus Tel-Aviv Jaffa Jerusalem
Amman
Jerusalem
Jerusalem Bethlehem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
Maan
TH JEWISH PLAN FOR PARTITION 1946
Damascus
Acre Tiberias
Haifa Afula
Deraa
Nablus Tel-Aviv Jaffa Jerusalem
Amman
Jerusalem
Jerusalem Bethlehem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
Maan
THE UNITED NATIONS PLAN FOR PARTITION 1937
The Arab Pressure.
Territory remaining under Israel control Israel Territory allocated by UN but overrun by arabs Arab Attacks from outside Palestine
In 1948, six arab armies those of Egypt, syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Iraq invaded Israel. They advanced rapidly, threatening to destroy the one-day old state of Israel. By focusing their attacks towards the sea, they hoped to drown the citizen of Israel. Israel resisted and after 10 days were able to counter attack. A truce was signed on 11th june 1948.
Damascus
Acre Haifa
Tiberias
Afula
Deraa
Nablus Tel-Aviv Jaffa Ramallah
Amman
Jerricho
Jerusalem Bethlehem
Gaza
Hebron
El Arish
Maan
THE ARAB INVASION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL 1948
JEWISH REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS 1948-1970
LEBANON 100,000
IRAQ 4,000
SYRIA Safed
75,000
Acre Haifa
Tiberias Baisan
Jaffa Ramllah
THE GAZA STRIP 190,000
WESTBANK 280,000
TRANSJORDAN 70,000
Jerusalem
Gaza
EGYPT 7,000
THE ARAB REFUGEES 1948
HOW ARE THE AREAS OF CONFLICT OCCUPIED?
70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0
2000 Popula�on
2005 Popula�on
2010 Popula�on
Adora
Almog
Alon Shvut
Asfar (Metzad)
Avnat
Bat Ayin
Beit El
Beit Ya�r (Mezadot Yehuda)
Beka'ot
East Talpiot
Einav
Elkana
Eshkolot
Ganei Modi'in
Geva Binyamin (Adam)
Gi�t
Giv'at Ze'ev
Halamish
Har Adar (Giv'at HaRadar)
Har Homa, Givat Hamatos
Hebron
Hinanit
Immanuel
Kalya
Karmel
Kedumim
Kfar Etzion
Kiryat Netafim
Alei Zahav
Alfei Menashe
Argaman
Ariel
Avnei Hefetz
Barkan
Beit HaArava
Beit Horon
Brukhin
Dolev
El'azar
Eli
Etz Efraim
French Hill
Gilgal, Bik'at HaYarden
Gilo
Giv'on Hadasha
Hagai
Har Brakha (Brakha)
Har Gilo
Hemdat (Nahal)
Hermesh
Itamar
Kadim
Karnei Shomron
Kedar
Kfar Tapuach
Kiryat Arba
Almon (Anatot)
Giv'at Hamivtar
Ateret
Hamra
Beit Aryeh
Hashmonaim
Beitar Illit
Homesh
Efrat(a)
Karmei Tzur
Elon Moreh
Kfar Adumim
Ganim
Kokhav HaShahar
Israeli Settlements Population growth between 2000-2015
2015 Popula�on
Location of Israeli Settlements with the West Bank
8m
3.6m
Berlin Wall
Palestine Wall
155km Berlin Wall Palestine Wall 723km
Surveillance Camera Barbed Wire
Dirt Road for Military Vehicles
Paved Road Sand to preserve footprints
Watch Tower
Concrete Slabs Upto 8m High
Section Built on Raised Banks
The Wall
Underconstruction The Green Line Projected Constructed Dismantled
Jerusalem Divided
Muslim Quarter Church of the holy sepulchre
Christian Quarter
Temple Mount Dome of the rock
Western Wall
old City
Israel
Armenian Quarter
Al-aqsa mosque
Jewish Quarter
West Bank 500 ft
Jerusalem has four major quaters: Muslim, Christian, Armenian and Jewish quaters. Categorically over time, the palestinian muslims have been restrcited to buy land in Jerusalem. The jewish population of Jerusalem can buy land anywhere in jerusalem, whereas the palestinians are restricted to purchases only with the muslim quaters.
Timeline Of Aggression
Sep 2000 second intifada begins
Sep 2001 9/11
Jan 2006 Hamas wins parlimentary elections
Nov 2004 Us presidential Elections Nov 2004 Us presidential Elections
Mar-apr 2002 Israel re-occupies palestine cities
Feb 2001 Israel knesset Elections
2000
Aug 2006 Israel removes settlers from the Gaza strip
Jun 2006 Hamas ca Israeli sol
Palestine
dec 2008 Israel attacks Gaza strip
Nov 2012 Us Presidential Elections
Nov 2008 Us Presidential Elections
Feb 2009 Israel Knesset elections
aptures lider
Jun 2006 Israel attacks Gaza strip
nov 2012 Israel bombs Gaza strip
2013 Israel
100-200km
Rocket Used By Hama: Rocket - Length - Payload - Origin
M.302- n.a - 172kg - Syria/Iran 75km Fjar -5- 648.5cm - 175kg - Iran
30-45km WS- 1E- 295cm - 18-22kg - China 18-20km
Grad- 273cm - 18kg- Iran/Russia
15-17km
Qassam 4- 244cm - 10kg - Gazza/West Bank
10-12km Qassam 3 - 200cm - 10-20kg - Gazza/West Bank
8-9.5km Qassam 2- 180cm- 5-9kg- Gazza/West Bank
3-4.5km Qassam 1- 80cm- 0.5kg- Gazza/West Bank
West Bank
Israel
Gaza Strip
Modes Of Defence
incoming rocket Spray Pattern
Intereptor warhead
Tamir Interceptor Missile Interception: The aim is to intercept the incoming missile far from populated areas to minimize damage on the ground.
Detection: The Radar unit detects the speed and trajectory of incoming missile and relays to control unit
Calculation: Control center computers calculate if the rocket is going to strike populated areas. If so, interceptor missile is deployed.
Guidance: The interceptor missile recieves constant updates for guidance from control center and it's internal radar.
Arrow III System
Tamir Interceptor Missile
Missile Firing unit
Detection and Tracking radar
Battle management and control
Palestinian Terrortories
Israel
Network Deployment 2011 Iron Dome Short range rocket and artillery defense system
2013 David's Sling: Interceptor system for medium to long range 40km to 300km
2014-2015 Arrow III: Allows interception of missles at altitudes over 100km
Jerusalem Israel
Palestine
lower water table
Upper water table Judean Dessert 500m Jericho
0m
-500m
Cross section through the Yarkon-Taninim, or Mountain Aquifer, in central Israel and the West Bank. This aquifer was steadily reduced between 1948 and 1991. The Israelis have not been able to recharge this aquifer as readily as the younger Coastal Aquifer underling the western coastal lowland.
Marls + Gypsum Aquiclude
Limestone Aquifer
Gravel + Sand Aquifier
Marls + chalks Aquiclude
Chalks mostly aquiclude
Dolostone + Limestone Aquifer
Chalks senonian aquiclude
Clays + Marls Aquiclude
The Israelis have tapped two major aquifers since 1948. The Yarkon/Taninim or “Mountain� Aquifer lies beneath north-central Israel and the West Bank territory of the Palestinian Authority. Theoretically 70-80% of the mouth acufiers lie beneath the west bank and yet Israel lays claim to majority of the ground water supplies.
Groundwater Basins and Direction of Groundwater Movement indicated by arrows
Identity Crisis
Since 1967, the Israeli government has been the De-facto soverign power in the historic region of Plaestine, inclduing Gaza, the West Bank and Israel. This has allowed Israel to control and movement of the population through the region as a whole. The Israeli government controls the population registry and ID system hence controlling where palestinians can live.
Absentee and property law
2003 Nationality and entry Law Center of life policy
Building permit Regime
Law of return
Building permits
City Budget
Land Available
Demolitions
Housing Shortage
No Access
Families Denied
Unregistered Children
Residency Revocations
60% Jewish Israeli
0
0
0
0
0
27%
35%
90%
93%
14,000
10,000
1/3
100,000
43,000
84%
13%
10%
7%
40% Palestinian Jerusalemites
Jewish Israeli Citizens (5.9M): Free to live anywhere within Israel. Given benefits to live within the settlements of the West Bank. 60% reside within the West Bank
Palestinian Citizen of Israel (1.3M): Barred from living in 68% of all towns in Israel by admissions committees
West Bank Palestinian (2.3M): Barred from living in 40% of the West Bank due to Israeli occupation and military presence.
Gaza Strip Palestinians Barred from living outside Gaza strip since 2007
Sources: Gilbert, Martin. n.d. The Routledge Atlas of the Arab Israeli Conflict. 8th ed. Taylor and Francis. SHOSHAN, MALKIT. 2010. ATLAS OF THE CONFLICT and PALESTINE. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers. https://www.davidrumsey.com/ Beyth, Michael. 2006. “Water Crisis in Israel.” Geological Survey of Israel, January. “Https://Visualizingpalestine.Org/.” n.d. Global Security. GRAPHIC: Gene Thorp - The Washington Post. Kattan, Ari. 2018. “Future Challenges for Israel’s Iron Dome Defenses.” University of Maryland, February Rogers, J. David. 2004. “Water and Environmental Security in the Middle East.” Missouri University of Science and Technology, January. LAPPIN, YAAKOV. 2012. “FIFTH IRON DOME BATTERY DEPLOYED IN GUSH DAN,” November 16, 2012. https://www.jpost.com/Defense/Fifth-Iron-Dome-battery-deployed-in-Gush-Dan. Parry, Nigel. 2003. “Is It a Fence? Is It a Wall? No, It’s a Separation Barrier.” The Electronic Intifada, August 2003. https://electronicintifada.net/content/it-fence-it-wall-no-its-separation-barrier/4715. GIS Data: https://services5.arcgis.com/jT9QGg5EVnLcQqRI/arcgis/rest/services/SeparationBarrier/FeatureServer https://services3.arcgis.com/UTG1M5eM6VLBcud8/arcgis/rest/services/World_Continents_Dissolved/FeatureServer https://services.arcgis.com/8df8p0NlLFEShl0r/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Empires/FeatureServer
https://services6.arcgis.com/7otqighcHwehAR0n/arcgis/rest/services/GazaStrip_BorderCrossings/FeatureServer https://services.arcgis.com/hRUr1F8lE8Jq2uJo/arcgis/rest/services/2014IsraelGazaIncidents/FeatureServer
Conclusion: As a 3rd year M.Arch student at Syracuse school of Architecture, I challenged myself to examine a method of research through a broad range sources to evaluate the unintentional biases that I might accumulate over the course of this research Seminar. The aim was to produce and booklet, at starter pack of the Israel-Palestine conflict and try to examine the various fronts on which it unfolded over time. Books, Articles, Newspaper Articles, Journals, Maps, Websites, Statistical information and GIS data were my sources thus far. Each source although valuable in the formation of my research document came with bias’s that I had to be aware of before I was to include such information in my booklet. Much of my mapping was sourced from either Davidrumsey.com or The Routledge Atlas of the Arab Israeli Conflict. For the most part, I operated under the assumption that these two sources were unbiased as they were mere representations of how history unfolded for these two sovereign nations. Maps I assumed were unbiased. I later started to use GIS as a software to help me map more contemporary data and since GIS is an opensource software, information that I found on it occasionally conflicted. Territories such as the contested region of Jerusalem was occasionally part of Palestine and in other instances, part of Israel. It was interesting to note that this conflict of territories had morphed and projected itself onto the virtual environment. Open source data is often hard to track to its origins as it is mostly cloud based but I can only assume that the individuals that uploaded the data had certain biases of their own which reflect in the information provided through GIS. Over the course of this research project I found myself accumulating certain bias’s as well. I would use certain sources to portray certain aspects of the narrative that I wanted to show. For instance, “https://Visualizingpalestine.Org/.” n.d. is a source that I would use frequently when I was hoping to portray the injustices towards Palestinian people. Whereas on the other hand, I would scan Israeli and American newspaper articles to find information on the negative military affairs of Palestine. It soon became evident to me that certain sources were giving me a certain tone of information. Towards the end of my research project, I realized that I had identified sources for their very specific type of information that they were trying to portray, and I was using them to build a narrative which is now riddled with biases. A project that I imagined was going to be factual for the most part and bias free, is now if anything a narrative filled with my biases towards to Israel-Palestine conflict. I embarked on this project as a trial method of research to examine how I might conduct my thesis research that revolves around the India-Pakistan border conflict, to examine my own biases in how I do research. I can conclude by saying that my research conducted is one that is biased towards the narrative I wanted to portray.