Landscapes of Necessity
Re-envisioning Productive Urban Landscapes A Community-Based Design Studio in Yelahanka, Bangalore, India 2019
Master of Landscape Architecture Programme Department of Architecture School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore 4 Architecture Drive Singapore 117566 Tel: +65 65163452 www.arch.nus.sg Editor Jessica Ann Diehl akijac@nus.edu.sg ISBN 978-981-14-1878-5 Š Individual Contributors, 2019 As a studio product, which is not censored, this publication may contain mistakes or deficiencies. Editor and contributors do not warrant or assume any legal responsibility for the publication’s contents. All opinions expressed in the book are of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National University of Singapore.
Studio Tutor Jessica A. Diehl Studio Team Vinamra Agarwal Bao Lixia Chen Beifei Dong Yitong Jiang Jiahang Eingeel Jafar Khan Li Ziheng Toh Zi Gui Shanika Tuinder Yu Xi Radha Waykool
introduction
Disrupted and disconnected urban ecosystems (water, agriculture, flora and fauna) resulting from rapid urbanization have detrimental impacts on the health and wellbeing of urban citizens; particularly disadvantaged social groups. This studio developed an appreciation for design skills in landscape architecture within the city-scale context of Bangalore, one of the most rapidly urbanizing cities in India. Greater Bangalore is the administrative, cultural, commercial, industrial, and knowledge capital of the state of Karnataka. It is currently the fifth largest metropolis in India with a population of about 7 million, with a population density that increased from 10,732 to 13,392 persons per sq. km between 2001 and 2011. Rapid urbanization pushes urban infrastructure to its limits and often causes increased social inequity, but there is also increasing pressure on rural landscapes to supply the city with resources and food. This studio focused on designing productive urban landscapes—multifunctional landscapes that grow food in the city. Bangalore is increasingly food insecure. Despite the history as a “Garden City”, few crops are grown within the urban boundary— most are grown in the surrounding hinterlands of Karnataka or imported from long distances. Historically, Karnataka has been a productive agricultural state, but changing climate patterns are
causing longer and more severe drought conditions. Students will design food producing landscapes in north Bangalore. The key issues are: food accessibility and quality; associated environmental issues (e.g. water quality, waste recycling, environmental pollution); consumption patterns and food culture; participatory design and landscape stewardship. The site selected for the design intervention was a typical, unplanned formal settlement in Yelahanka district. A residential and mixed-use neighborhood, Yelahanka supports a diverse population in terms of income, education, and religion. The physical environment lacks adequate waste treatment, is severly water-scarce but is in the process of upgrading to a piped water system, and has little tree cover. Students travelled to the site 26 January to 4 February 2019 to conduct fieldwork. Through a community-engaged process, new design strategies were The Resource Centres on Urban developed that integrate productive landscapes into the built, ecological Agriculture & Food Security (RUAF) and social urban systems with the aim of envisioning better work, live, and play environments. The students considered interdisciplinary requirements from planning guidelines, architecture design, engineering limitations; and developed an understanding of existing natural land and urban systems. Through the project site, they faced complex urban design issues in order to derive innovative design solutions using principles of ecology and sustainability.
Productive Landscapes:
“the growing of plants and the raising of animals within and around cities; it includes producing food for personal and/or commercial consumption.”
timeline Preliminary research Data collection Field booklet
Team building Onsite measurement Onsite mapping Community survey Sharing session
Week 1 Introduction
Week 3 Site visits
Lecture 01 | Blue-Green Infrastructure Lecture 02 | Food landscapes Lecture 03 | Site measurement & tools Lecture 04 | Community participation Community-Engagement Workshop
Site modelling Data analysis & Mapping Techniques & Case studies Project narrative
Week 4-7 Issue & vision Lecture 05 | BGI in Bangalore Lecture 06 | Urban farming in Bangalore Jakkur Lake Walk IIS Campus forest walk Organic Terrace Garden Tour
Innovation & systems research
Week 8 Mid review
Visioning Workshop SWOT Analysis
Week 9-13 Design development
Individual Consultation Peer Review
Week 14 Final review
Table of Contents 04 Introduction 06 Studio Team 12 Site Context 13 Historic Timeline 14 Landuse & Planning 20 Structure & Infrastructure 22 Economics & Social Demography 24 Culture & Community 28 Greenspace & Biodiversity 34 Water & Ecology 40 Community Survey & Results 42 Synthesis & Visioning Workshop 43 Glimpses of the Site 45 Proposals 46 therapeutic gardens | jiang jiahang 50 empowering the women of yelakanka | shanika tuinder 91 Credits
54 edible schoolyard | yu xi 58 productive landscapes for women’s empowerment | bao lixia 62 energy recycling system | chen beifei 66 intergenerational center for learning | vinamra agarwal 70 food travels | zi gui 74 re-weave: cultural revival | eingeel jafar khan 78 continuous productive urban landscape | dong yitong 82 informal textile industry | li ziheng 86 interlake | radha wayakool
STUDIO TEAM
My experience of Yelahanka was very positive. It is a community with many layers that we were lucky enough to uncover through site exploration. The community members were also extremely open and welcoming throughout the process which made the whole investigation very enjoyable. -------- Shanika
The most impressive part for me was the innocent smiles form kids in Yelahanka, which affected me deeply and swept away any negative impression about India. They affectionately called me “Sister”, asked my name, and invited me to play with them by the lake··· ··· all these things will become treasured memories forever. Wherever you are in the world, even if you don’t speak the language, a smile is always the most powerful way to communicate. ------ Bao Lixia The most interesting thing I met in Yelahanka was to communicate with the local people through translation. Although I could not understand their conversation directly, I could guess the answer from their expressions and emotions. I was impressed by the friendliness and simplicity of the local people. 6
------ Chen Beifei
Yelahanka is a culturally orientated community. The people are cheerful and always willing to help. Now I have a better outlook of the community through the survey held in the town, and it helped me to understand social issues to design better for the community. ------ Vinamra
The experience in Yelahanka was wonderful, and I became very interested in the local production model. The textile industry, as a pillar industry in the region, has exerted a great negative impact on the environment. However, due to historical reasons, such industry cannot be directly removed, and it is very interesting to find a balance between the protection and development. ------ Li Ziheng
7
India is a country with beautiful culture and ancient civilization. You will never know where her charm is without getting close to it. Yelahanka is the beginning of my understanding of India. From the colorful houses, the exquisite patterns drawn on the doorway because of religion, the flowers in front of every window, and the smiles on people’s faces can we see the beauty of the city. ------ Yu Xi
This trip to India will affect my future design thinking, and the biggest influence of Yelahanka on me is to let me know another way of life in this world. Different areas should have different landscape design forms with more local characteristics. For landscape architects, how to discover local features and create unique landscapes is a big challenge. ------ Dong Yitong
8
Our trip to Yelahanka has been an interesting and inspiring experience. I am grateful for the hospitality of the people, who went all the way to help us with our work and made us feel at home. I will also miss the impromptu chai breaks we had while walking around Yelahanka. ------ Zi Gui
Visiting Bangalore, one of the metro cities in my home country India, with my classmates for our studio project brought a revelation to me. Understanding the complexity of the Indian culture and our dependency on the ecological system for economic reasons was an exciting experience. Interacting with the community made me fathom the rooted bonds humans have built by interweaving culture and ecosystems and how are they are diminishing with time, with barriers created by us. In this process of learning, I realized how as designers we could be instrumental in creating solutions to integrate culture and ecosystem. ------ Radha
I have never thought I would go to Yelahanka before. This was a wonderful journey, from the bright colored houses, special religious culture, and the smiles on people’s faces, I can feel the charm of the city. And I’m also thinking about the regional and uniqueness in landscape, for landscape architects, this is a challenge. ------ Jiang Jiahang Yelahanka, with its web of relationships that bind its physical land, culture and community, gave me an in-depth understanding of the human tenacity to shape the landscape, whether it is rightly or wrongly done. My interactions with the community brought to light their deep association with various layers of their cultural ecosystem and the subsequent loss of it. I gained knowledge of how as designers we need to remember to design with the people and not for the people, integrating solutions with their lifestyle and embedded habits. ------ Eingeel
9
10
analysis
Site context Bangalore Yelahanka
Bangalore
12
historic timeline
HISTORY OF URBANIZATION BANGALORE
bangalore
The fort and Pettah is surrounded by agriculture and green spaces. There is a distinct separation between green space and urban space. Kempe Gowda I founded Bangalore by building a fort with 4 gates and Pettah, the old centre of commerce. Tanks provide water and social gathering spaces.
The British cantonment, which is the new centre of administration and commerce, was set up east of the fort after Tippu Sultan’s defeat and colonisation. Cubbon Park was built as a buffer space between the new and old centres.
The buffer zone is 1.5km wide. Other notable colonial developments include the general bazaar, parade square and batteries.
Decentralised new settlements such as Malleswaram are planned. Also note the existence of Hebbal as a small rural settlement, and Hebbal tank which provides water.
More small rural settlements appear. Better linkage between rural and urban areas with new roads New planned settlements provide new homes for the rapidly growing population. India gains independence from Britain in 1941. Rapid urbanisation begins as the Scientific Policy Statement establishes technology as a major driver for economic growth in 1956.
Rapid loss of vegetation until 2019.
In the 1970s, urban areas start to encroach rural areas. Farmers are faced with competing landuse and urban pollution problems.
Urban development reaches Hebbal and Yelahanka.
The IT boom results in new settlements such as Electronics City.
Urban sprawl has led to loss of vegetation and water bodies across Bangalore. Afforestation movements from groundup were organised to counter the rapid loss of green cover.
2003 map showing where IT industries are concentrated. Smaller IT industry clusters are observed in other urban areas, not just in the CBD area. The Indian economy transforms to become more market-oriented. The agglomeration of IT industries becomes the unofficial new CBD.
General urbanisation pattern: rapid expansion regardless of direction, but mostly concentrated along major roads which converge to the centre.
13
landuse & planning
Yelahanka
District Scale
14
500m
Yelahanka Immediate Context
Site Scale
15
landuse & planning Bangalore
Revised Masterplan 2015
Green Space Per Inhabitant
2.01m²/ p in 2003
Agricultural Area & Residential Area
Green Space
Sensitive Area 16
Created by: Dong Yitong
Yelahanka 1000m Source: Bangalore Development Authority
1000m
2031
2011 (Existing)
Source: Bangalore Development Authority
17
landuse & planning Yelahanka
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Social Interactions
Neglected Space
PERCEIVED
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Carpark
Underconstructed
Perceived, conceived & lived spaces A single space can be interpreted in three ways: CONCEIVED - Planned, formal spaces PERCEIVED - Observed, informal spaces LIVED - Social, Intangible spaces Fenced private land Neglected space appropriated by cow
Overgrown weeds, unplanned greenery
Private land used for car parking
LIVED
Industrial field occupied by informal homes & structures
Informal town gathering space
18
Informal connection between two planned roads
Truck parking and cow resting area
Old rest stop underused, and used by bike as sheltered parking
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Religious
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cow Shed
Informal Industries
Private Land Commercial
CONCEIVED
Private land used for commercial storage
Private cow shed, leftover space for construction debris
LIVED
Industrial Public Space
-------------------------------------------------
Gathering space under holy tree
Worker’s chat and rest space in between work
------------------------------------------------
Storage Space
PERCEIVED
19
Structure & Infrastructure
Building Map
Permeability of surface
Bangalore
Bangalore Road Map
Created by Jiang Jiahang & Manasi Prabhudesai
Created by Yang Xiaowen & Tang Mengjiao
Waste Management in Bangalore
Created by: Chen Beifei
Created by: Jiang Jiahang
20
Created by Yang Xiaowen & Tang Mengjiao
Clinincs and Hospitals
Schools with Walking Distance
Building Density Map
Yelahanka
Created by: Yu Xi
Waste Management in Yelahanka
Created by: Chen Beifei
Created by: Jiang Jiahang
Water Management in Yelahanka
Created by: Jiang Jiahang& Chen Beifei
Created by: Bao Lixia
21
Rate of crime against woman
Population density in Bangalore
Social Demography & Economics
2001
Social Demography
50.00% 45.00%
Demography in Bangalore Bangalore
2001
2011
Population Actual Population Male Female Population Growth
65.37 6,537,124 3,426,599 3,110,525 35.09%
96.22 9,621,551 5,022,661 4,598,890 47.18%
Area Sq. Km Density/km2 Proportion to Karnataka Population Sex Ratio (Per 1000) Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) Average Literacy Male Literacy Female Literacy Total Child Population (0-6 Age) Male Population (0-6 Age) Female Population (0-6 Age) Literates Male Literates Female Literates Child Proportion (0-6 Age) Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) Girls Proportion (0-6 Age)
2,196 2,985 12.37% 908 943 82.96 87.92 77.48 772,540 397,648 374,892 4,782,565 2,663,055 2,119,510 11.82% 11.60% 12.05%
2,196 4,381 15.75% 916 944 87.67 91.01 84.01 1,052,837 541,656 511,181 7,512,276 4,078,041 3,434,235 10.94% 10.78% 11.12%
35.00% 30.00%
29.80%
31.30%
25.00%
15.00%
33.10%
30.70% 27.40%
18.10%
5.00% 0.00% 2010
2011
2012
2013
100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00%
68.70% 66.00%
69.50% 69.30%
16000000
30.00%
14000000 12000000
20.00%
10000000 8000000
2000000 2020
Bengaluru Female 27.10% 22% 2001
28% 27.70% 2011
0.00%
2040
5.00%
Growth Rate (%) 0.07
0.00%
0.06 0.05
5.00%
Bengaluru north Male (Yelahanka) 87.90% 86.40%
86.80% 84.50%
0.04
Bengaluru Male Bengaluru Female
0.02
5.00%
0.01
19601 1960
980 1980
2000
2020
0.00%
2040
Created by: Dong Yitong
22
Bengaluru north Female (Yelahanka)
0.00%
0.03
0 1940
Bengaluru north Female (Yelahanka)
Male and female literacy rates in 2001 and 2011 (Bengaluru North and Bengaluru)
Population growth between 2001 to 2011 2000
Bengaluru north Male (Yelahanka)
Bengaluru Male
40.00%
1980
2014
Male and Female work participation rates in 2001 and 2011 (Bengaluru North and Bengaluru)
2011
18000000
1960
India
10.00%
20000000
4000000
Bangalore
18.90%
50.00%
6000000
43.50%
22.50%
20.00%
Population
0 1940
41.40%
40.00%
Created by: Dong Yitong
73% 72.40% 2001
74% 71.30% 2011
Created by: Bao Lixia
India Textile Industry
Economics India’s Textile market size (US$ billion)
Occupation in Yelahanka
Textile&Clothing 35%
Employee 18%
Labor Work 14%
Karnataka Contributes to 20% of the garment production taking place in the country USD 1.56 billion Valued 35% of the country’s raw silk production takes place in Karnataka 11% of the country’s total wool production
Bangalore 168 private training centres and 144 skill development centres International brands like Tommy Hilfiger, Allen Solly, Nike, Adidas, etc. treat the city as their sourcing hub
The city has around 386,00
manufacturing units in the textile industry that are engaged at
the unorganized and the organized level
More than 4,32,00 provides the silk.
people are engaged in sericulture in city and its surrounding, who
Farmer 5% Retailing 28%
Data From Questionaires Created by: Li Ziheng
23
Christian festivals
culture & community Religious festivals in India Hindu festivals
Makar Sankranti
Customs: Bath, fly kites, feast, burnfire, dance / Landscape space: rivers and lakes, open space
Vara Mahalakshmi
Customs: ceremony Landscape space: indoor space
Muslim festivals
Karaga festival
Customs: Water, Dance, Music Landscape space: waterfronts
Vijayadashami
Customs: carry clay statues into water, burn / Landscape space: river or ocean front
Good Friday Customs: fasting, carry the cross Landscape space: open space
Easter Customs: light candles, pray beside the graves / Landscape space: restricted space
All Souls Day Customs: prayer for the dead Landscape space: restricted space
Christmas Customs: light candles, pray, share sweets / Landscape space: open space
Harvest festivals Customs: feature feasting Landscape space: open space
Ganesh Chaturthi
Customs: worship clay status in water, feast / Landscape space: rivers and lakes
Groundnut Festival
Customs: celebrates the first groundnut crop Landscape space: open space
Calendar of religious festivals in Bangalore Religions
Festivals
Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Jun
Jul Agu
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Makar Sankranti Karaga festival
Hindu
Ganesh Chaturthi Vara Mahalakshmi Vijayadashami Groundnut Festival
Muslim
Mawlid an-Nab Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Good Friday
Mawlid an-Nab
Customs: ceremony Landscape space: open space
24
Eid al-Fitr
Customs: fasting Landscape space: open space
Eid al-Adha
Customs: ceremony Landscape space: open space
Sources: https://www.holidify.com/pages/festivals-in-bangalore-483.html and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_holidays
Christian
Easter Harvest festivals All Souls Day Christmas
Source: http://www.indyatour.com/india/festivals/major-christian-festivals-in-india
People and their Activities according to Time 5:00 a.m.
6:00 a.m.
Adult Male
7:00 a.m.
8:00 a.m.
Adult female
yelahanka
9:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
12:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
8:00 p.m.
9:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
Children
Reading <hanuman chalisa and bhagvat gita>
Do worship at outdoor 'temple'
Gather and talking
Do worship
Work Go to market
Water taking Housewify working at home Go to market Walk by the lake
Gather and talking
Gather and talking
Waste collection Water taking Drawing rangoli pattern
A Housewife's Day
5:00 a.m. Housewives usually get up at 5:30-6:00 a.m.
Do worship
Go to school Market Stop at least four times every week
Get off school
Temple Spend at least one-hour doing religion-related stuff every day
8:00 a.m They prepare breakfast, take their children to school, do cleaning, or take water between 6:00a.m.-7:00a.m. Then they go home to do prey and have breakfast usually between 7:30-8:00 a.m.
Home and doorway More than 80% of the time is spent at home
11:00 a.m. Between 8:0011:00 a.m., they do housework (cleaning,washing······)
3:00 p.m. Then they have lunch and may have a while to have a rest between 11:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.. Some of them sewing at home for extra income.
Water collection spot Every household spends more than one hour every day collecting or waiting for water for the household without a well or sunken. Women have the main responsibility to collect water.
6:00 p.m. They may stop by the market on the way of picking up their children and go to collecte water after 3:00 p.m. Mothers need to take care of children and prepare dinner between 4:00-6:00 p.m.
The proportion of housewives:73%
8:00 p.m. They pray at home or go to the temple before dinner at 6:30-8:30 p.m.
10:00 p.m. Between 7:30-9:00 p.m., they have dinner and may wait for their husband go back home. Go to bed around 10:00 p.m. after cleaning the house.
25
Weaving colored silk threads into saree
culture & community
Coloring raw silk
Yelahanka
Semi-dried raw silk ready for reeling
Weaving Ecosystem Raw silk supplied from Devanahalli
Making punchcards for saree design
Drying and Reeling of colored silk threads
Religious Ecosystem Outdoor Temple
Barber shop
Banana leaves & coconut vendor
Mango
Shop selling miscellaneous stuff involved with prayer rituals
Tea shop and gathering space beneath a tree
Flower garland vendor
Banana
Flower Farms
Vegetable farms Religious household plants
Coconut
26
Herbs
Paddy Fields
Agricultural Ecosystem Created by: Eingeel Jafar Khan
Yelahanka
Weaving Ecosystem
Temple Ecosystem
Saree Weaving informal industry
Railway station
Agricultural Ecosystem
Outdoor temples
Agriculture Land
Religious buildings
Empty Land
Railway station
Bus Stop
Railway station
Bus Stop
Bus Stop
Created by: Eingeel Jafar Khan
27
Green & Biodiversity
bangalore
0 0.751.5
3
4.5
Vegetation Density
Vegetation Map
6 Kilometers
Flora Hotspots 1. National University Nagabhavi, Ward 128
5.
2.
1.
This plot is planted with 414 medicinal plants consisting of 173 species of trees, 82 shrubs, 92 herbs and 42 climbers. 2. Bangalore Palace, Ward 35
4.
Bangalore palace ground has rich and varied vegetative growth in many pockets.
3.
3. Lalbagh, Ward 143
6.
Legend
Botanical Garden. There are 1854 species of 673 genera and 890 cultivars of plants. There are many heritage trees here.
Polygons VegDensity Vegetation Density In Wards 0.002300 - 0.082200
Vegetation Non Vegetation
0.082201 - 0.163100
20km
4. Cubbon Park, Ward 111
0.260301 - 0.402200
Legend
https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/five-research-charts-show-how-bengalurugradually-becoming-unliveable-city-36278
20km
20km
0.163101 - 0.260300
0.402201 - 1.495500
Polygons
VegDensity http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/Green_Space_in_Bengaluru/
results.html 0.002300 - 0.082200 0.082201 - 0.163100 0.163101 - 0.260300
https://www.karnataka.gov.in/empri/Pages/State-ofEnvironment-Report-Bangalore-2008-EMPRI-2009-09. pdf?fbclid=IwAR0reslhmWnfbkjRKpAY7P8Arp1qAac7IOj_eEC_ rtnU5IkRCcDVRkYMqZU
0.260301 - 0.402200 0.402201 - 1.495500
Forest 2%
Urban Forest Areas
Forst Ratio: Bangalore Rural and Ramnagar District
Forest Ratio: Urban Bangalore Forest (2%)
Bangalore (16%)
Forest (17%)
Forest 17%
Bangalore 16%
FOREST STATISTICS
Anekal (1%) Anekal 1%
14,78,412
Kaggalipura (59%)
K.R. Puram 12%
K.R Puram (12%)
Kaggalipura 59%
Other (98%) Urban Area 98%
The geographic area of Bangalore Urban district is 217,410 ha, out of which the forest area is 4,198 ha.
Other 83%
Other (83%)
The geographic area of Bangalore Rural and Ramanagar districts is 5,85,431 ha, out of which the forest constitutes 1,01,117 ha.
Yelahanka 12%
Yelahanka (12%)
Bangalore has an average vegetation density of
Forest area comprises mainly scrub and grasslands with miscellaneous species. Eucalyptus and Acacia auriculiformes are found over most of the area.
https://www.karnataka.gov.in/empri/Pages/State-of-Environment-Report-Bangalore-2008-EMPRI-2009-09.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0reslhmWnfbkjRKpAY7P8Arp1qAac7IOj_eEC_rtnU5IkRCcDVRkYMqZU
28
The total number of trees in Bangalore is
14%
The park has 6,000 plants belonging to 68 genera and 96 species. 5. Kalkere, Ward 26 This plot is a rare collection of Ficus species including 40 species of shrubs and climbers. There are also 17 nitrogen fixing tree species. 6. Doresanipalya, Ward 187 Eleven bamboo species brought from Arunachal Pradesh were planted in April 1991
The green cover for a healthy city is
30% The recommended number of trees per person living in the city is
1.15
http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/ pubs/ETR/ETR75/summary.html Created by: Shanika Tuinder
yelahanka Landscape Transect
Urban Centre
Medium Density
Industry + Slum
Yelahanka Lake
Rural Residential
The urban centre, New Town in Yelahanka is much more developed than its surrounding area. There is better infrastructure and more wealth. The vegetation in this area is much more dense. There are many large trees that form a canopy over the main streets and more green spaces.
The main landscape typology in old Yelahanka is Medium Density. The vegetation is very sparse. Limited to a few trees lining the streets in an otherwise concrete jungle. There are very few green spaces and people do not have gardens.
The industrial area and slum area are the grey space in this image. They are seperated by a green belt but have no vegetation themselves. The industrial area is completely built up and very polluted. The slum area is very small and densely packed, there is no space for vegetation.
The edge condition of Yelahanka lake varies from East to West. East there is little vegetation due to the built development. On the West there is agricultural land which has much more greenery. Planting has been done around the lake in an attempt to improve this condition.
The rural residential area of Yelahanka has a much higher green density. This is not only due to the agricultural plantations of ragi, beans etc. There are also more trees between the houses and the agricultural land. Concrete and green space are inversely proportional.
Agricultural Area
The agricultural area of Yelahanka has the highest density of trees and the most green space. The area is not inhabited, reflected through the lack of concrete space. The high level of flora attracts wild species. Here, snakes and peacocks can be observed. Created by: Shanika Tuinder
29
Green & Biodiversity
yelahanka
Flora Species List 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Sample
Scientific Name
Common Name
Size (hxw) m
Habitat
Native/ Exotic
Medicinal
Edible Fruit
1 2 3
Cocos nucifera Ficus religiosa Mangifera indica
Coconut tree Peepal tree Mango tree
30x10 30x20 30x4
Tropical Tropical Tropical
Native Native Native
Used for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant etc. Used to treat asthma, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, gastric etc. Bark, leaves, stems and unripe fruit- antibiotic, used in Ayuvedic medicine.
Yes No Yes
6 7 8
Artocarpus heterophyllus Musa Grevillea robusta
Jackfruit tree Banana plant Silver Oak
30x15 3 40x15
Tropical Tropical Subtropical
Native Native Exotic
Used as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer. Used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and for its anti-cancer properties No
Yes Yes No
4 5
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Punica granatum Azadirachta indica
Tamarindus indica Eucalyptus regnans Prunus dulcis
Manilkara zapota Melaleuca citrina Vachellia nilotica Adenanthera pavonina Millettia pinnata
Cassia fistula Tectona grandis Aegle marmelos Trachelospermum jasminoides
Pomegranate Neem tree
8 20x20
Tamarind tree Eucalyptus tree Badam tree
20 50x10 10
Sapota tree Red Crimson Babul Red Lucky Seed Ganuga
Golden Rain tree Teak tree Bael Jasmine Vine
20 3x2 20 25 20
15 40 12 5
Subtropical Subtropical
Native Native
Tropical Tropical Tropical
Native Exotic Exotic
Tropical Tropical Tropical Tropical
Native Native Native Native
Tropical Subtropical Tropical Tropical Tropical
Exotic Exotic Native Native Native
An ingredient in traditional Ayuvedic medicine and remedies. Used as a anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic, contraceptive, and sedative.
Seed, leaf, fruit pulp and skin have high phenolic content and antioxidants. Used for asthma, bronchitis, plaque and gingivitis, head lice, toe nail fungus. Indian almond leaves have traditionally been used for stomach problems. Used as anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic. No. The bark, gum, leaves and pods are used in various traditional medicines. Used to treat diarrhea and inflammation Used as antiseptic, also prevents pests.
In Ayurveda it is known as a "disease killer". The fruit pulp is a purgative. Flower oil: Hair growth treat Scabies, Eczema, Ringworms and Inflammation. Fruit helps in curing diseases like diarrhoea and cholera. Jasmine has been used for liver disease, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Yes No
Yes No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No Created by: Shanika Tuinder
30
yelahanka YELAHANKA FAUNA MAPBiodiversity Hotspots
Fauna Map
Flora Map YELAHANKA FLORA MAP 4.
KEY KEY
2. 5.
800m
Mango Silver Oak Eucalyptus Coconut Peepal Neem Tamarind Jackfruit Banana Sapota Jasmine Banga Bael Fig Ganuga Pomegranate Gusgusea Dhupadarmama Badam Golden Rain Red Bottlebrush Religious Peepal
Religious Trees 1.
2.
4.
5.
3.
The vegetation in Yelahanka is very sparse. The vegetation is mostly characterised by trees instead of shrubs and groundcover. Trees are dotted down the sides of streets. In the fringes of Yelahanka there are small pockets of wild vegetation in un-concreted areas. The little vegetation that there is in Yelahanka is a mixture of native and exotic species. Many of the trees observed on site can be used for medicinal purposes or harvested for their fruit. The Peepal tree is considered as the most sacred tree among the Hindus . For this reason many of the worship sites in Yelahanka were built around a Peepal tree, or a Peepal tree was planted.
Dog Cow Goat Chicken Cat Sheep Turkey Rat Pig Peacock Snake Hawk
KEY Mango Silver Oak Eucalyptus Coconut Banyan Neem Tamarind Jack fruit Banana Sapota Jasmine Banga tree Unknown Fig Ganuga Tree Pomegranate Gusgusea Dhupadarmama Badam Golden Shower Banyan Religious Common species Red bottlebrush
YELAHANKA FAUNA MAP
2.
5.
3.
800m
1.
2.
4.
5.
KEY KEY
Dog Dog Cow Cow Goat Goat Chicken Chicken Cat Cat Sheep Sheep Turkey Turkey Rat Rat Pig Pig Peacock Peacock Snake Snake Hawk Hawk
3.
In Yelahanka there are many animals around but practically all fauna is domestic not wild. Cows and goats are all owned by someone and milked morning and night. During the day they are allowed to roam free in the streets so they can eat. Chickens, turkey, and sheep are raised in the same way until they reach a certain weight and are sold for their meat. These animals all roam the streets and tend to congregate around dumping grounds to eat the rubbish. The wild animals observed such as snakes, peacocks, and hawks were found in the rural agricultural area of the outer site where there are less people and more vegetation.
KEY
800m
1.
2.
4.
5.
Lake Margin Planting Open Space Vegetation Normal Trees Religious Trees
3.
There are a number of important biological areas within Yelahanka that need to be protected in the design process. These spots include the new lakeside planting, existing patches of wild vegetation, public open lots, the small amount of trees that already exist in Yelahanka. and the religious trees. It is important that these areas are maintained for envionmental, sentimental, recreational, and religious purposes. Created by: Shanika Tuinder
31
Green & Biodiversity
YeLahanka
Green Space Typology
Patch Matrix
250m
32
The site is a small fragment as a patch which forms the urban matrix. It exists in close proximity to green spaces like surrounding agriculture land, whose main crops are coconut and ragi, and many vacant lands, with low levels of qualities. On a larger scale, a few important green spaces come into the picture: agriculture land accounts for the largest area, around which vacant land is scattered. There is a clear distinction in development between the old and new urban areas. The red dotted line in the figure divides it into two parts: the relatively welldeveloped area to the west, and undeveloped area to the east. The Yelahanka site is part of the east area. Parks are all located in the west area, with natural ways linked with each other, and vacant land with no functions is relatively less.
Hydrology Parks Agriculture Land Vacant Land BBNP Functional Land Owned By Government Functional Land Owned By Individual Natural Ways Boundary
250m
Central BBNP (Roadside) Local BBNP (Roadside) Temple courtyard Local BBNP (Lakeside) Residential + Open Space Residential + Commercial Graveyard + School + BBNP Temple Yard + BBNP Vacant Land Vacant Land (Lakeside) Farmland + Livestock Farmland + Residential Vacant Land + Slam Vacant Land (Roadside) Roadside Belt Residential Residential + Street Trees Residential Garden Roadside Commercial Reginal By The Railway
21 types of green spaces are selected strategically based on the amount of density of the green spaces in Yelahanka. The green spaces represent a range of landscape typologies. The green spaces in the north of the site are large and continuous, while the green spaces in the south of the site are small and fragmented, separated by buildings and streets. Green spaces in the south are mainly residential spaces owned by the individual and commercial and reginal spaces owned by government. Most of the spaces have funtions, while spaces in the north are mainly non-functional places, apart from farmland. Created by: Chai Tianqi
4 Local BBMP Lakeside
9 Vacant Land
5 Residential+ Open space
10 Vacant Land (Lakeside)
1 Central BBMP
6 Residential+ Commercial
11 Farmland+ Livestock
2 Local BBMP
7 Graveyard+ School
12 Farmland + residential
3 Temple Courtyard
8 Temple Yard
13 Vacant land+ Slum
Green Vacant land Assessment
Productivity Recreation
Wildlife
Accesibility
Spaciousness
Disturbance
Groundcover Canopy Density
Created by: Chai Tianqi
33
water & ecology
bangalore
Story of Lakes in Bangalore Manmmade water tanks for Socio-Economic Purpose Kempe Gowda
Sultanate of Bijapur
1600
1700
Mughal
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan
British East India
1800
1900
The Bound Hedge of the Cusba of Bangalore (1800)
Republic of India
2000
2019
Bangalore city map, circa 1924 from "Murray's 1924 Handbook" with the pete and Cantonment areas clearly visible
A cascading water system is interlinked to conserve as much as water possible for communities. High bunds to store water became the system for Bangalore and made it a city of lakes. Character of lakes changed with time and operation
34
Source:: https://scroll.in/article/855516/history-shows-that-it-was-nature-that-helped-bangalore-grow-and-now-the-city-is-destroying-it http://muscicapa.blogspot.com/2014/04/a-not-so-great-hedge.html https://issuu.com/biometrust/docs/bangalore_lakes_-_biome_dec_2016
Created by: Radha Wayakool
bangalore
Watershed for Bangalore
Evolution of city with lakes
Hebbal Valley Vhriswawati Valley
Koramangala Challaghata Valley
750
990
YR :1792
YR :1888
YR : 2015
Bantkondanahalli Lake Amanikere, Singanayakanahall
Yellamallappa Chetty Lake Series Yellamallappa Chetty lake series Name of the Lake - Area (ha)
Yelahanka Doddakere Kattigenahalli Lake
Gramadakere, Allalasandra
Kodigehalli Lake
Jakkur Lake Rachenahalli Lake
Amruthahalli Lake Ramapura Lake
Chikkamaranahalli Lake
Seegehalli Lake Kacharakanahalli Lake
Basavanapura Lake
Farms/ Paddy Fields/ Settlements
Past
Present
1 .Bantkondanahalli Lake- 42 2 .Amanikere, Singanayakanahall - 178 3. Yelahanka Doddakere - 135.68 4 .Kattigenahalli Lake - 2.5 5 .Kogilu Lake - 180 6 .Gramadakere, Allalasandra - 16.84 7 .Jakkur Lake- 50 8 .Amruthahalli Lake -9.35 9 .Rachenahalli Lake- 60 10 .Kodigehalli Lake- 21 11 .Chikkamaranahalli Lake -10 12 .Kacharakanahalli Lake -22.57 13 .Kalkere Lake -75 14 .Ramapura Lake -5 15 .Basavanapura Lake -56.6 16 .Seegehalli Lake -5 17 .Yellamallappa Chetty Lake -110
Built/ Underconstruction
Source: BENGALURU WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE PROJECT (PHASE 3) : Final Report http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/paper/saket_biofuel/ https://www.newslaundry.com/uploads/2017/10/7-1.jpg
Topography before Lake Series
Cascading Lake System Created by: Radha Wayakool
35
water & ecology
yelahanka
NGT-National Green Tribunal, India no construction rules: a lake buffer zone of 75m and 50m for primary, 35m for secondary, and 25m for tertiary stormwater drain.
Yelahanka Lake
Allalasandra Lake
Yelahanka Lake
Jakkur Lake
Allalasandra Lake
Jakkur Lake
Encroachment Present: BBMPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 30M Buffer for Lake Source http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/67411279.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
36
Required by NGT: Min 75M Buffer for Lake 0m
500m
1500m
Created by: Radha Wayakool
Timeline
yelahanka
Memory Trace
Details of the Lake
Degraded Lake Side
Fruit Orchards Farms Farms Paddy Fields
Fruit Orchards
Fruit Orchards
Farms
2004 150 Acres
Forest
After Lake Development Proposal
Fruit Orchards
Paddy Fields
Paddy Fields
Paddy Fields
Farms
2012 234 Acres
Farms
After Lake Development Completion
Corn Marigold
Sapota Mulberries Grapes
Coconut Guava Mango
Scale of Lake: Approx. 6km Periphery
Ragi
Depth 4.5 M Avg.
Rice
Average annual rainfall Primary rainy season: June â&#x20AC;&#x201C; September (South-West Monsoon) Secondary rainy season: November â&#x20AC;&#x201C; December (North-East Monsoon)
335.27 Acres
Sorghum
What did the local people used to grow?
859 MM
2018 335.27 Acres
Farms
Created by: Radha Wayakool
37
water & ecology
yelahanka
Water Quality
Pollution Source
Lake Development
Future Entry Point Dhobi Ghat International School
Existing Informal Entry to the lakeside
One Entry Only
Legend 980 μs / pH 8.0 890 μs / pH 8.0 860 μs / pH 6.5 800 μs / pH 6.0
Types of Soil Red gravelly loam soils Lateritic soils Saline and sodic in patches Non-saline
Legend Extreme High Medium Low Negligible
6km Perimeter Pathway Length
Legend Developed Underdevelopment Undeveloped Access Point
Created by: Radha Wayakool
38
yelahanka
Partners for Activities
Memories
Community Farms Revival of traditions
Farming Residents of Yelahanka Old town Routine
Recreation
5%
5%
5%
Se cu rity
Co w fo o d availab ility
O rgan ic fo o d availab ility
Ho u sin g p ro b le m
M o sq u ito
Morning : 5am to 9am Evening : 4am to 7pm
Access to Lake
3%
He alth issu e s
Traffic
Jo b o p p o rtu n i e s
Pollution
Drain age issu s
Restriction
Gre e n availab ility
Better Education
W aste issu e
Waste Management
Po llu o n
Temple is a social node
TraďŹ&#x192;c issu s
More Recreational Space
Issues
Trees and Greens Community Work Opportunities
W ate r issu e s
Unmanaged life
Aspiration of being a farmer
Th e lack o f o p e n scap e fo r le isu re ac vi e s
Opinions about the lake and water in Yelahanka
12%
5% 10%
53%
27%
Housework Shopping Temple School Lake
9% 41%
Lake Temple Surrounding Local Park No time Cinema
17%
No Entry Morning
Evening
71%
37%
Created by: Radha Wayakool
39
community survey
Through formal surveys and informal conversations, we gathered local information from 68 Yelahanka residents. One-quarter were small business owners, one-qarter were housewives, and one-quarter were laborers. Half were female, half were under 40 years of age, and many (n=59) were Hindu.
SITE SURVEY_ YELAHANKA (RESIDENTS) 1.
What is the source of your food? (Tick Multiple)*
i. iii. v.
Self-Grow Roving Carts Other_______________
2.
Do you have a garden and what do you grow there? (If Yes,then)*
i. iii.
Vegetable________________ Crops___________________
3.
Where do you go for recreation? (Mark in Map)*
ii. iv.
ii. iv.
Grocery Store Mandis
Fruits________________ Others_______________
___________________________________________________________________________________ 4.
Where do you go for your daily routine? (Tick Multiple)*
i. iii. v.
Work Shopping School
5.
In your opinion which of these is a priority concern about waste in the area? (Tick one)*
i. iii.
Littering of waste Effect on environment
6.
How does you treat your household waste?
ii. iv. vi.
ii. iv.
Market Worship Others________________
Effect on human health Others________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
What would you like to have in your community? (Tick Multiple)*
i. iii. v.
Home Garden Collective farming Food forests
ii. iv. vi.
Community Garden for socializing Individual market farms Others____________
Reason:______________________________________________________________________________________
8.
What do you think is the most important issue in this community? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
How has the place changed over time? How was it used to be? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
i. Occupation:______________ Date______________
40
ii. Religion:__________
ii. Gender:________
iv. Age:_______________ Time______________
community survey results Yelahanka’s Community Vision
Employment
Gender Male (50%)
Housewives (25%)
Mosquitoes (2%)
Poor Infrastructure (5%) Availability of Organic Food (4%)
Lack of Vegetation (5%) Water Availability (18%)
Work Opportunities (2%)
Other (75%)
Female (50%)
Lack of Parks/ Open Spaces (14%)
No Children’s Play Area (15%)
Source of Food in Yelahanka
Grocery Store (30%)
Market (55%)
garden type preference
Individual Farms (34%)
Home Garden (25%)
Pollution (6%) Traffic Problems (12%) Drainage (4%)
Waste Management (13%)
Collective Farming (12%) Roving Cart (12%) Self Grown (3%)
Social Community Gardens (25%)
Food Forest (4%)
The results of the community survey indicate that the key issues that the community in Yelahanka want to be addressed included: water availability, lack of open parks and green spaces, waste management, traffic problems, and lack of children’s play areas. Other issues of lower priority were: pollution, drainage, work opportunities, organic food shortage, mosquitoes, lack of vegetation, and poor infrastructure. Created by: Shanika Tuinder
41
synthesis
visioning workshop A visioning workshop was held in the studio to better understand the context of Yelahanka. Each student took part in this activity and shared ideas on the board. Later, everyone voted for the most important issues and strengths in Yelahanka. Some of the important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are listed below to better understand the context.
EXternal
Internal
42
Strengths
Weaknesses
• People are willing to participate in agricultural activities • Lakeside ecology and habitat for plant and animal species • Lake front development • Surrounding land near the lake is fertile • Existing connection between people and religion
• • • •
Less availability of water for daily use Usage of the lake (limited access) Lack of urban greening Lack of public open recreational spaces and children’s play spaces
Scanned by CamScanner
Opportunities
Threats
• Government land as potential development site • Channelizing lake water for productive landscape • Rooftops could be utilized to grow fruits and vegetables • Potential for re-using organic waste and greywater
• Urban encroachment of the open spaces • Water and soil pollution: low water quality, leading to soil pollution • No government support • Young people moving out to pursue better job opportunities
Scanned by CamScanner
glimpses of the site... Environmental condition
Water Scarcity
Vancant Lots
Typical Street
Pollution
Dwelling diversity
Cultural diversity
43
44
Proposals
Jiang Jiahang Therapeutic gardens as part of regional hospital to improve human well-being in Bangalore peri-urban areas Human health is one of the most important issues in Bangalore. It is mainly caused by unhealthy diets and living habits, pollution, food safety, and other environmental issues. As Yelahanka is periurban, health services are worse than the city center, and the health issues are more serious. The environment around hospitals and clinics is very poor, which is bad for the rehabilitation of patients. Despite evidence that exposure to greenery is beneficial to personsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; mental and physical health, the existing green spaces all have low quality. I want to create a therapeutic garden, combining medical therapy with horticultural therapy. It will provide patients with a healing environment, while providing residents with a high-quality green open space. In the future, therapeutic gardens can be part of regional hospitals in Bangalore peri-urban areas, improving human health and well-being.
Therapeutic Garden Design Principals A therapeutic garden is defined as the use of prescribed nature-related activities to aid recovery. Study findings have shown benefits such as the reduction of chronic pain and lessening of stress. LAYOUT
Soft Boundary
GARDEN STRUCTURES Garden Entrance
Circulation Path
Zone
Visibility
Wheelchair Accessibility
Amenities
Shade
Sensory Attributes
Local Cultural Memory
Plant labels
Individual Site Analysis
PLANTING Mature Trees
Concept Plan - Functions
46
Site Hospital & clinic Commercial buildings Residential buildings Temple School
The selected site is an empty land opposite the largest hospital (General Hospital) in Yelahanka Old Town. Other hospitals and clinics distribute densely in the area that will provide a nearby healing garden for the patients
Restorative Zone Activity Zone Connection Zone Main Psth
Tool Box Identify different users’ age groups and the extent of their illnesses to better design for their needs: CHRONIC Reduce stress and encourage a sense of well-being for long-term health care patients
DIGESTIVE & DIARRHEAL DISEASES Make residents have awareness of food safety, and learn to grow organic food by themselves
DISABLED & INJURED PATIENTS Auxiliary patients rehabilitation and promote equal use, making therapy seem like a respite
SENSORY GARDEN
OUTDOOR CLASSROOM FOR EDUCATION
WHEELCHAIR-FRIENDLY
MEDICINAL GARDEN
EDIBLE GARDEN
REHABILITATION EXERCISE SPACE
INTERGENERATIONAL SOCIAL SPACE
WASTE COMPOST
RAISED BEDS FOR PLANTING & TOUCHING
Jiang Jiahang
Concept Plan
Existing Trees
SENSORY GARDEN
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR KIDS
Soft Boundary
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR KIDS
Garden Entrance Secondary Pathway Sensory Attributes Paving Connection
CHILDREN’S HEALTH Provide a vibrant activity space for sick children, and also use it as an educational space.
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Jiang Jiahang Master Plan
1 Restorative sensory garden 2 Rehabilitation exercise space 3 Small plaza 4 Edile garden 5 Shared tables for tasting 6 Waste compost display & education 7 Active sensory garden for kids 8 Water tank 9 Outdoor classroom 10 intergenerational social space 11 Crossing 12 Medicinal garden 13 toilet 14 rainwater catchment (roof) 15 Rain garden
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Planting Design
Irrigation & Soil
Zone 2 - Active Sensory Garden for Kids
Zone 1 - Restorative Sensory Garden
Jiang Jiahang
Zone 3 - Edible Garden
49
Shanika Tuinder
Empowering the WOMEN OF YELAHANKA This project is about reflecting the vibrancy and personality of the community in Yelahanka. Site investigation revealed that although many people in the community are happy, there are issues that need to be resolved. This project aimed to address some of the issues brought to light by providing work and socializing opportunities for women, open space, greenery, a produce market, and children’s play areas. The final design intertwines agriculture back into the city and provides opportunities for people in the community to socialize, buy organic food, play, and enjoy the natural environment. The long term vision is that this intervention will spark the creation of more productive landscapes that will eventually weave agriculture back into the urban fabric of India’s cities.
Community Vision
Womens Current Contribution to India’s Agriculture
Female (32%)
Availability of Organic Food (4%) Work Opportunities (2%)
Places of Congregation
50
Traffic Problems (12%)
Lack of Vegetation (5%)
Water Availability (18%)
Pollution (6%) Drainage (4%)
Increase of
30%
Of yields per household
2 - 4%
Increase in India’s annual Agricultural Output
Waste Management (13%)
Biodiversity + Agriculture
Site Yelahanka Lake Open Space Vegetation Religious Trees
“If women farmers had equal access to land ownership, credit, farming equipment and new technologies.....”
Lack of Parks/ Open Spaces (14%)
No Children’s Play Area (15%) Male (68%)
Site Lake Schools Ind Hindu Temple Out Hindu Temple Church Shri SumathiNatha Jain Temple Mosque
Poor Infrastructure (5%)
The Opportunity
Water
Site Bore Well Agricultural Well Water Tank Past Water Wells Religious/ Cultural Activities Storm-water Drain Slope
SCALE @ A3 1: 30000
SHANIKA TUINDER MASTER PLAN
student name
SCALE @ A3 1:1000 CONTOURS 1M SPACING
= Ecological Corridor
= Fields
= Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Play Area
= Produce Market
= Community Garden
= Pocket Park
= Peepal Tree /Public Park 51
Shanika Tuinder Access + Walking Distance
Topography + Vegetation
Drainage Systems
350 m 4 mins
Schools + Temples
900
100 m 1.5 mins
400 m 5 mins
20 m 0.5 mins
910
= Access points on site (8)
= Bore Well
= Distance (meters) + walking time (min)
= Trees
= Drainage
= School
= Green space
= Indoor Hindu Temple
= Contours (0.1m spacing)
= Outdoor Hindu Temple SCALE @ A3 1:12000
Key
Section One
Section Two
A
B
B’ A’
A’
A KEY 1:6000 @A3 SECTIONS 1:200 @A3
52
FARMING
PATH
CIVIC SPACE
PRODUCE MARKET
B’
B
KIDS PLAY AREA
PATH
SOCIAL POCKET PARKS
Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Play Area
Produce Market
Social Pocket Park
SHANIKA TUINDER
Gravel Bed (300mm) Drain (10mm) Planting Media (500mm) Gravel Bed (300mm)
Loose Gravel Pathway
Rain Garden
Soil
Playground
Planting Media (500mm)
Grass Pre-cast Concrete Planters Linear Drain (10x20mm)
Tile Pavers + Mortar Concrete Slab Soil
Linear Drain Gravel Bed (300mm)
Planting Media (500mm) Steel Plate (2000x2000mm)
53
Yu Xi Edible Schoolyard in Yelahanka The students in Yelahanka are facing three main problems: (1) they do not have a good source of food, (2) insufficient space for activities, and (3) limited awareness of food safety and environmental protection. To solve these problems, I propose to build productive landscape in schools, creating the “edible schoolyard,” which can produce healthy vegetables and fruits, provide places for children to play, and raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. The design concept is to choose different kinds of activity units and divide them into three main zones: Farm to Table Zone, Outdoor Activity Zone, and Outdoor Study Zone. These zones together can become a system that helps schools at different scales to achieve the three goals.
54
Yu Xi
The site I chose is the biggest primary school in Yelahanka. I hope it can become an example for other schools. The typologies illustrate that schools with different scales of schoolyards can also choose different kinds of activity units from the three zones. Each zone will have a connection with the other zone(s) and will work as a system. Farm to Table Zone is the core zone of the Edible Schoolyard. The main concept is aimed to teach children how the life cycle operates from the fresh vegetables and fruits planted in Gardens to the Lunch Program, and then to the Compost Station. The water cycle will also be added into the whole system.
55
Yu Xi
56
MASTER PLAN
Yu Xi
57
Bao Lixia
Productive Landscape-Drive Approach as a Framework for Women’s Empowerment India ranks high globally for abuse of women, a serious human rights’ violation. Even though the Indian government promulgated a series of regulations to protect women in 2001, discrimination and crime against women still widely exists in education, marriage, work, and sex, especially in public spaces. Discrimination against women in Indian society makes them afraid to go outdoors.
Four Safe Space Principles for Women
Location is accessible The safe space should be located in an area that is conveniently accessible to women and girls. Near places woman go frequently such as the market, temple, and school.
Between home
Next to market
Next to school
Next to temple
Next to water point
My landscape planning strategies make use of the existing community spaces to create safer community spaces for women. The productive Women/girl-only / dominant space landscape-drive approach is a framework for women empowerment Evidence suggests that the establishment of by providing new employment opportunities for housewives, women- and/or girl-only spaces help to reduce rebuilding social networks, as well as re-education opportunities. The plan is to design venues with different functions around the main activity spaces of women. On the one hand, it proposes transforming 200+ currently vacant lots adjacent to houses into productive land for housewives. On the other hand, it involves transforming more than 20 vacant lots along the street into women-only places for social contact, consulting, and re-education. Replicating this framework on an urban scale and implementing it as a women’s rights strategy could have a significant positive impact on women’s rights as well as promoting gender equity in India as a whole.
Positive Cycle SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT New Women Social Network
EDUCATION EMPOWERMENT Women Reeducation Opportunity
risks and prevent further harm during acute emergency responses And, if the space cannot garantee women- and/ or girl-only, at least it is a women-led space.
Farming
New Job Opportunity
58
Social
Playing with kid
Individual counsulting
Learning
Location is private but visible The space should have a privacy fence or wall to ensure privacy and s a f e t y. G i r l / w o m a n groups should be visible, but avoid to being visible to men as much as possible.
Block out sight
Block out sight
Monitor
Block out sight
Create a sense of ownership Create a sense of ownership, rather than perceiving it run by an external group. Services should correspond to their life cycle as well as provide woman / girls-target facilities.
Women's storyboards
Combine with woman's daily life cycle
The whole productive pocket gardens are going to cover over 1,000 households, which accounts for more than 60% of households.
Productive LandscapeDrive Approach
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
Market
Productive Pocket Garden with 15m Buffer
Provide girls-target facilities
Women plan, implement, and maintain it
Make the main women's re-education and consulting center available for every woman within 5 minutes walking distance from their homes.
Yelahanka is going to be divided into 7 parts according to women's market locations and 3 minute walking maps, which means the products within one 3 minute distance can be collected in one market for selling together.
Women Market and Gallery Line
Women’s Re-education Center within 5 min Walk
Bao Lixia Methodology TYPE ONE
TYPE TWO
TYPE THREE
TYPE FOUR
Social Function Space for small group of women
Space for big group of women
Agriculturerelated Facilities Irrigation system
Productive Function
Decompsed box
Plant on the ground
Water purification system
Rainwater harvest system
Irrigation system
Decompsed box
Plant on the raised bed Plant on the pergola
Vertical growing
Children playground
Plant on the ground
Vertical growing
Make handicraft
Raise chicken
Make handicraft
Raise chicken
Productive pocket garden
Education
Other Function Trading
Vertical green to block out sight
Women-only space Women-dominant space
Women safe strategies Women education/Consutant center
Vertical green to block out sight
Women market
59
Bao Lixia Master Plan of Productive Pocket Garden
Design Block Market
Private home garden
Private under construction land
Temple
Visual Analysis 5
16
18
2
15
Walkway Analysis
1 6
9
17
3
14 13
10
11 12
8
Water flow
4 7
Block Master Plan
19 1
1 2
3 1 Women's market
3
2 Education center
4
2
5
3 Productive pocket garden
6 7
Entrance Door Housework space Sink Vertical planting Pergola Raised bed
8 9 11 12 13 14 15
Potted plant Ground plant Greywater purification box Chicken coop Decomposed box Foot pump Drip irrigation pipe
16 17 18 19
Function Analysis
Pond Social space Children's playground Home
10
Ash gourd
All year around
Tomato
All year around
Bitter melon
Eggplant
Ladyfinger
Cucumber
Snake gourd
Guava
Pomegranate
Sapota
Banana
Bael
All year around
Dec-Apr.
All year around
Mar.-Jun
All year around
All year around
All year around
All year around
All year around
All year around
Corn
Grape
Cauliflower
Ashwanga
All year around
All year around
Aug.-Dec,
All year round
Jasmine
Marigold
Papaya
Cumin
All year around
All year around
All year around
Dec-Apr.
Hibiscus
Rose
Fennel
Holy Basil
All year around
Mar.-Jun
All year around
All year around
Harvesting season Rosemary
All year around
60
Coriander
All year around
Gymnema Sylvestre All year around
Mint
All year around
Stevia
All year around
Castor
All year around
Lemon grass All year around
Shatavari
All year around
Economic use
Medicine use
Religion use
Bao Lixia Women-dominant market
Women-dominant market Bamboo
Weaving of coconut fronds
has been used traditionally in construction
is an ancient
Indian craft. Coconut tree fronds are used in basket-making and roof-thatching. Very few tools and raw materials are required for this natural product. Coconut palm leaves are available abundantly in the Yelahanka.
in ancient days. It entails low transportation costs, labor costs, ease of construction and building aesthetics with a soulful ambiance.
Dry season
Wet season
GREYWATER REUSE
Average grey water per household:1635L*94%*4=6148L/month Average grey water per household after purification:6148L*60%=3689L/month Per household grey water can support agriculture area:23m2
Growing fruits brings income/save expenses up to R$450/m2/Year Growing vegetable brings income/saves expenses up to R$370/m2/Year Growing flower brings income R$520/m2/Year
Temporary Storage
Handicraft Vendor
Fruits Vendor
Gender equity market VALVE FOR SUNNY DAY VALVE FOR RAIN DAY
A coconutchip biofilter can help purify greywater. Kitchen sink water flows through the system, leaving food and grease behind. Chickens eat food particles in the upper coconutchip layers. When the drainage slows, the top layer of woodchips are replaced, old chips go in a compost bin where worms, centipedes, ants, bacteria, and other soil critters decompose food particles further. Bugs reproduce in the drum, provideing high-protein food for the chickens, and, after the woodchips decompose, provide fertilizer for plants.
Drip irrigations systems are typically 90% efficient, as compared to sprinkler systems which are 75% efficient. Water savings can be as high as 50% and crop yields can be increased by up to 40%.A lowcost drip system is available at a cost less than 150 INR and can cover a plot of 20 m2 for household scale.
Market day
Gallery day
Gallery day
Market day
This is an adaptation of an ancient method of irrigation. It uses the porous nature of clay pots to allow osmotic pressure to suck the water into the soil where it is needed. People use beautiful fired pots called Olla with a narrow neck buried in the soil.
Other Considerations: Discrimination against women in Indian society is a process rooted in Indian religious culture, which has been continuously extended and strengthened in the long history. It is a severe and complex social problem. My approach is a political approach to planning and design. My project cannot realize women to be as free as men in the community, but it can bring women into spaces where they didn't exist before or felt they had no right to exist. In order to achieve the maximum benefits of the project, there are several additional recommendations in the design and implementation process: 1. Women participate in the whole process of project design, decision-making, construction and maintenance; 2. Family-based mobilization activities within the community to ensure the broad participation of women; 3. Active participation of local women's rights organizations; 4. Government policies and laws safeguarding women's rights should be constantly improved.
•Easy Setup •Local Construction •Flexible Installation •Simple Transport
Women-only re-education center Rainwater Harvest System Outdoor Class
•Pest control •Crop propagation •Crop cultivation •Guidance of irrigation and compost system
Water tank
Indoor Class
•Literacy education •Information & awareness-raising •Individual consulting •Agriculture loan
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Chen Beifei
Revive regional vitality by merging different functional blocks and establishing an energy recycling system Issues 1. In Bangalore, the construction of the city separates human activities from the natural environment. 2. Human resources move to the city center, and cities replace natural resources. 3. All the energy-flows in the existing site are one-way directional and isolated, and the energy has been lost throughout the process.
space more powerful. The reduction in transportation costs between research, production, processing, and retail will help to build a better local economy. On the one hand, an energy recylcing system can improve the way of urban life, redefine the existing landscape and diversify it. On the other hand, the actual feeling brought by the well-circulated urban ecological environment can arouse peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s motivation to think and change. By creating a new, ever-changing landscape model, the landscape is productive and at the same time integrates people into the site.
dynamic characteristics is a flexible machine with strong resistance to change. In contrast, a single use, the passive landscape is resource consumption, but contemporary production landscapes can generate resources.
In the overall design, I include municipal ecological facilities such as green infrastructure, public green spaces, food processing, and distribution centers. It creates a closed loop that reconnects the energy, food, water, ecological and economic systems that were initially separated. In addition to planting strategies, recycling strategies include energy production and waste management. The energy flow is divided into four parts: manufacturing, transportation, The mixed-use of land and the change of land structure enable us consumption and recycling. They are arranged in the form of blocks, Based on the above analysis of the problem and related to the to respond to future challenges by creating an elastic venue that causing interactions to create a circular energy flow. topic of urban agriculture, I believe that it is necessary to establish will not be damaged by future changes. A productive place with a demonstration area with good energy flow and practical benefits. Productive landscapes are based on a mix of uses that support each other to create a harmonious space. I want to get rid of the separation of the landscape and imagine a combination of all methods, in the Ideal Situation city, where the current partition is very much present. This change will reduce the distance for the cycle to be completed and make the - collaborative site - ecological circular system - increase interest in argriculture - new technology - new job oppotunities - resilience - self-sufficient
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At the same time, it gives meaning to the entertainment and education of the whole region. Through the introduction of high-tech agricultural science and technology, it stimulates peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s curiosity and exploration psychology. Through the establishment of community farms, farm restaurants, and agricultural products markets, it attracts the participation of ordinary families and infiltrates the ecological education into peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s In daily leisure activities.
Chen Beifei Master plan
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Chen Beifei Farm land area: 50,730 m2 Total output: 10,661 kg/year India major crops output data: rice: 2,800 kg/ha wheat: 2,400 kg/ha coarse cereals: 2,600 kg/ha pulses: 730 kg/ha Greenhouse area: 4,920 m2; 15 kg/m2/year Total output: 75,000 kg/year
Pasture capibility: 11,680 m2 cow: 300 area: 2,000 m2 meat: 31,200 kg milk: 183,724 tons/year sheep/goat: 200 area: 300 m2 meat: 2,400 kg milk: 3.285 tons/ year poultry: 700 area: 300 m2 meat: 910 kg eggs: 161,000/year India livestock ratio: cow:sheep (goat):pig:poultry=3:2:0.1:7
Public space: 10 hectares Comfort per capita green are: 9 m2 Capacity of human: 10,000 Community garden area: 6,500 m2 Aquaponic system area: 7,500 m2
Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s per capita food needs include 158kg/year crops, 68kg/year vegetables, 5kg/year meat, 3kg/year eggs, and 108kg/year milk. The restaurant capacity: 100 people, area of market: 1500m2, number of shops: 50.
Key map
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1
2
Chen Beifei
65
AGE vinamra agarwal
Intergenerational CENTER FOR LEARNING Old Yelahanka is one of the oldest towns in Bangalore. It was the agricultural hub, but due to urbanization, it has transformed into a high-density urban fabric. First, this has led to a generational gap in the society as the younger population migrates to other cities for economic benefits and opportunities leaving the older generation. Second, due to the scarcity of agricultural land, people have to import food from nearby towns and cities to fulfill their needs.
Age distribution
Strategies related to the proposed intervention include: • Center for learning infused with agricultural technologies such as traditional farming, aquaponics, hydroponics, rooftop and vertical farming, and animal husbandry • Yelahanka ‘Haat’ - Communal recreational spaces for events, food festivals and much more
Possible solutions-integrating
24%
36%
During the community survey, the data suggested that many people were interested in agricultural activities but due to the scarcity of land, lack of awareness, and insufficient funds they are unable to participate in agriculture-related occupations. Various studies have shown the benefits of intergenerational learning: 10-30 YEAR children and elderly work better together to create a cohesive learning environment. There is a need to educate and make people aware Design matrix of new agricultural technologies that require less space and have a high yield, as well as blur the generational gap in the society. ‘To connect inter-generation by cohesive learning through the integration of different farming methods and recreation.’
Decrease in agricultural land
40%
31-60 YEAR
61 & ABOVE E DU C AT IO N
P AS S IVE R E C R E AT IO N
INT E R G E NE R AT IO N P AR T IC IP AT IO N
AQ U AP O NIC S
NO T E S
INTEGRATING BOTH
HY DR O P O NIC S T R ADIT IO NAL F AR M ANIMAL HU S B ANDR Y
FISH, MILK & EGGS
C O MMU NIT Y G AR DE NS
COMMUNITY WELLBEING
E DIB L E G AR DE N DYE INDUSTRY
F L O W E R G AR DE N F R U IT G AR DE N P L ANT T HE P ADDY
RESTORE THE HERITAGE
F IS H P O ND
NATURAL AQUAPONICS
R O O F T O P F AR M
FUTURE FARM
Y E L AHANK A ‘HAAT ’
SELLING OF SURPLUS
Intergenerational activities Intergenerational activities increase cooperation and interaction across generations. It involves sharing of skills, knowledge and experience between old and young. In the table shown, there are a few of the activities which young and old people like to do and how these activities can be integrated with the spaces. This type of program will help establish a connection between generations creating a cohesive learning environment.
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AC T IVE R E C R E AT IO N
Y O UNG
INTE GR ATING
OLD
RUNNING
PATHWAYS
WALKING
CATCHING
FARM WITH BUTTERFLY CATCHING PLANTS
GARDENING
LEARNING
EDIBLE GARDEN + CULINARY EDUCATION
TEACHING
PLAY
RECREATION + SITTING SPACE
RELAX
UP AND DOWN
ACTIVITY SPACE FOR BOTH
SIMPLE EXERCISE
NOISY
BUFFER SPACES
QUIET
EVENING
MULTI-USE SPACES
DAY
EAT
EDIBLE GARDENS
COOK
ACTIVE RECREATION
RECRETIONAL ZONES
PASSIVE RECREATION
BUTTERFLIES
vinamra agarwal Traditional versus Aquaponics
Traditional farming is a linear, soil-based agricultural system which requires a lot of resources for output. It requires a lot of land to produce vegetable and crops. This agricultural system is the most economical way to grow, but in the future due to the lack of land because of urbanization, traditional farming will not be an ideal system to grow food products. Aquaponics is an innovative closed-loop farming system which helps to grow vegetables and fishes cohesively. This system requires six times less space and 90% less water to grow vegetables. An aquaponic system can be expensive to set up, but the cost can be recovered overtime. Aquaponics is the future of farming in urban areas as it is a portable option to grow food.
Proposed site
POTENTIAL SITE 1
Easy Accessibility High contour Level (+3000 from lake water level) Access to Lakefront Natural habitat - Pond and vegetation Walkable to School
SITE AREA : 17400 SQ.M (4.3 ACRE) POND AREA : 600 SQ.M (1080 M3) 67
vinamra agarwal
1 : INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING DETAIL 1:DETAIL INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING PLAN Plan
CONCEPT
Vegetables
Herb & spice
RE-LEARN • • • •
New Technologies Importance of food Growing symbiotic systems Community engagement
REAP • • • •
Food Flowers Extensive knowledge Economic benefits
RESTITUTE • • • •
Ginger
Turmeric
Parsley
Basil
Tomato
Broccoli
Cabbage
Onions
Chili
Rosemary
Kokam
Curry Leaf
Peas
Potato
Spinach
Beans
PB\ GINGER PB\ TURMERIC PARSLEY, BASIL, MINT COMPOST MANURE
Give back to nature Biodiversity Self-sustained ecosystems Interdependent systems
PB\ CURRY LEAVES CHILI, CORRIANDER, KOKAM
LAKE LAKEFRONT PATHWAY
F\ MARIGOLD
STAGE
RESTING SPACE W/ ACTIVITIES
CULINARY CLASS COMPOST BOX SAPLING PLANT
F\ BLACK-EYED SUSAN, DAHLIA, SUNFLOWER, INDIGO
PB\ POTATO PB\ CORN PB\ BEANS PB\ ONION, CARROT
PB\ ROSE PB\ ROSEmary DIY GROUND RESTING SPACE W/ ACTIVITIES dye Flowers
INTERGENERATIONAL CENTER FOR LEARNING Master plan
PB\ TOMATO PB\ BROCCOLI, PEAS
Indigo
Dahlia
Rose
Sunflower
Zone (Detail B) RestingResting Zone (Detail 2)
Marigold
DIY GROUND
Black-eyed susan
DETAIL 1: INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING SECTION Section
Plant the Paddy Plant the Paddy
Path 3500
Green 5200
Path 2400
Gazebo 6000
Learning Zone 9000
Play Zone 4200
Class Area 12500
Lakefront 6400
Lake
Pond Pond
Traditional Farm Husbandry | ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Traditional Farm | Animal Intergenerational Learning Farm Intergenerational Learning Farm (Detail 1) (Detail A) Lakefront Lakefront PathwayPathway Proposed Building Proposed Building • Labs • Labs • conference | CLASSROOMS • Conference roomsrooms | Classrooms • Roof top farm (aquaponics) • Roof top farm (aquaponics)
Recreational learning zone
Pedestrian Entrance Pedestrian Entrance ExistingExisting School School
DETAIL 1: INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE Recreational Zone Zone Recreational
Community Community GardenGarden
Perspective Edible Garden Resting | Reading
Play with plants Dye plants| Butterfly Garden
Potted Plants
Culinary Class
Compost Manure
Commercial Aquaponics Commercial Aquaponics Vehicular EntranceEntrance Vehicular ParkingPARKING Yelahanka ‘Haat’ ‘Haat’ Yelahanka • Farmer’s MarketMARKET • FARMER’S Festivals • Food • FOOD FESTIVALS • Recreational Activities • RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES • Nursery • NURSERY • OPEN-AIR AMPHITHEATER • Open-air Amphitheater Rail
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Rail
7
Lakefront Pathway
Lake
DETAIL 2 : RESTING ZONE | PLANT THE PADDY
vinamra agarwal
Integrated farming system
DETAIL 2: RESTING ZONE | PLANT THE PADDY PLAN
Plan
Integrated farming system FRUIT PEELS USED TO MAKE COMPOST AND FLOWERS USED TO MAKE DYES
MANGO TREES STONE PATHWAY
OUTDOOR AQUAPONIC SYSTEM TO GROW PADDY CROP
TRADITIONAL FARM COMPOST
LIVESTOCK (ORGANIC FERTILIERS)
COMMERCIAL AQUAPONICS (ORGANIC FISH FEED FROM FARM) COMPOST
manure
ROOFTOP GREENHOUSE FARM (AQUAPONIC SYSTEM) COMPOST
PROD
APPLE TREES Mango Tree
LAKE
RESTING SPACE
• • • • • • • •
LAKEFRONT MULBERRY TREE
PADDY FIELDS
BIOTOPES
Apple Tree
FISH POND
CLEANSING WETLAND ELEVATED PATHWAY PADDY FIELDS
Veg He Ric Flo Fru Mil Eg Ma
Mulberry Tree
PEDESTRIAN PATH
Paddy Crop
DETAIL 2: RESTING ZONE | PLANT THE PADDY SECTION Section
11
Biotope Rail 9000
Path 3500
Cart Path 3500 1500
Green 5200
Path 2400
Gazebo 6000
Pathway 7200
Learning Zone 9000
Path
Cleansing Wetland 2000 3000
Fish Pond 12200
Play Zone 4200
Class Area 12500
Elevated Bridge 2400
1500
Paddy 5150
Paddy 5150
Lakefront 6200
Lake
Lake
Lakefront 6400
Yelahanka 2030
Yelahanka 2030 Paddy crops - Outdoor Aquaponics System
Fruit Garden Dye Garden
Edible Garden
Dye Flowers Herb Garden Recreational Space
Community Garden
Aquaponic Farm Animal Husbandry | Traditional Farm
Edible Garden
Intergenerational Center for learning
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Stakeholders Government
BBMP
Politicians
Policy makers
NGO
Local leaders
School
Teachers
Donors
Foundations
Corporate donors
Producer
Community
Students
Ag Organizations
Farmer’s Market
Quality Control Board
Nutritionist
Businessman
Community Students
Parents Parents
Farmers
Community Food System Food Labs
Researchers INDUSTRIAL AREA
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The rise in organic home gardening is an act of taking back control of Bangalore urbanitesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; food intake, bypassing commercial agriculture. (Images sourced from â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oota From Your Thotaâ&#x20AC;? Facebook page.) Site selection
Calendar of crops & recreational programs Inserting relevant programs in between crop cycles enables the offering of both crops and programs to vary throughout the year. So visitors get varied experiences and surprises with every visit.
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Yelahanka is a peri-urban town which serves as a gateway between the rural north and the urban south. This is an accessible location for Bangalore urbanites who seek a convenient getaway from the bustling city, and brings commercial agriculture closer to the urban centre.
Sowing
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Site analysis: effects of rapid urbanisation
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This project provides an escape from hectic urban lifestyles to a gastronomic experience at the peri-urban town of Yelahanka. It is a place where the course of a meal is more than just a destination, but a cultural-historical journey. Crop cycles and recreational programs are closely integrated, so visitors can look forward to fresh experiences throughout the year as programs change with the seasonality of crops. This also enables history to be lively and relevant to Bangalore urbanites of today. The journey also acquaints them with a more accessible and trustworthy food preparation process, serving as a potential solution to the conflicting practices.
Strategies 1. Generate surprise by offering food and recreational programs that vary all year round. 2. Present these offerings as a gastronomic journey. 3. Make commercial food production more personal to Bangalore urbanites.
Farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Market
Among Bangalore urbanites, organic home gardening is gaining popularity due to a growing distrust of commercial food production systems. Bangalore urbanites are also foodies who do not just take food for subsistence, but also indulge in the pleasures of dining out. However, these are conflicting practices, because organic home farming is an act of gaining control of food preparation, while gastronomy entrusts the preparation of food to others.
Rise in organic home gardening
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Food Travels: Integrating Trustworthy Food Intake with the Joys of Gastronomy
Toh Zi Gui
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Existing site conditions
70
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Urbanisation is a cycle of effects which is spinning out of control. Rapid rural-urban migration drives housing and infrastructure demand, leading to unsustainable outgrowth of the city. Urban pollution eventually encroaches rural lands, leading to growing distrust of commercial agricultural processes.
The site occupies leftover space between the town and the railway. The linear site emphasises the sense of journey undertaken by visitors. Existing site conditions include a railway station, leftover strip of land, small emtpy fields, a swamp, a lake, and a step-pool which is still under construction.
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Toh Zi Gui
Historic timeline
detail plan
detail plan Baking Demonstration
Marigold fields (1:200@a2)
Bristle Grass
Emmer Wheat
Marigold & Spa Pods
Mung Bean
Railway Station
Park Connector
Stables Horse Gram
Mango Plantation
Iron-age field (1:500@a2)
Masterplan
detail plan High-Tech Restaurant
Step Pool
High-tech restaurant & step pool (1:200@a2)
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Toh Zi Gui The immersive process
Visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience map
Express Park Connector Route
72
Visitors generally start at the railway station, with Iron Age themed crops and programs. Every themed zone ends with a themed restaurant, where self-harvested crops are prepared spontaneously. Every exit from a restaurant reveals a new era further down the course of history. Therefore, the visitor experiences a total of six eras from past to a possible future, experiencing varied recreational activities depending on the time of the year, and taking in a 6-course meal in the process.
Toh Zi Gui Iron-age fields
Marigold fields and spa pods
sHIFTING sEASONS; sHIFTING cROPS
High-tech restaurant & step-pool/open space
sHIFTING pROGRAMS; sHIFTING eXPERIENCES
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Eingeel Jafar Khan Re: weave - cultural revival of yelahanka old town through injecting tourism as a booster Strategy 1 Connecting the disjointed patch matrix system of Historically known as the city of gardens, lakes, and culture, Bangalore, while moving towards rapid urbanization, has been adopting a more Yelahanka through corridors of edible landscape along wth waste management global outlook. The multicultural Indian city has had a lifestyle deeply rooted in its religious context where in the places of worship became (AUGMENT ECOLOGY) the main nodes of social and economic activities. But amidst this shift, a question that needs pondering is whether Bangalore is losing touch with its cultural roots?
Strategy 2
Strategy 3
Creating active open spacesand small open spaces at various pause points for varied residents
Weaving the three cultural elements of Yelahanka together: Religious + Weavers + Agriculture ecosystems
(AUGMENT SOCIABILITY)
(AUGMENT ECONOMY THROUGH TOURISM)
The old town of Yelahanka in Bangalore is gearing towards the same kind of shift. Known for its surrounding foodscapes of paddy, rice, millet, guava and grapes among other crops, Yelahanka is also known as the Manchester of Bangalore. Being a traditional place for weavers, the silk handloom industry has been the lifeline of the people for over two centuries and is also presently carried out in the North areas of Kamakshamma layout, Agrahara layout, Kogilu and Chowdeshwari layout. Integrating these tangible and intangible facets of the cultural ecosystem of Yelahanka while ecologically and economically reviving the neighbourhood is the main challenge. The old inter-generation resident families of the place miss their connection with agriculture and the lakefront while the weavers complained of their long working hours inside the homes devoid of any recreational open space nearby for small work breaks. They Planting palette miss the olden ways of saree making where in parts of the weaving Agriculture process used to be carried out in semi-open and open lands and Food Religious (dyeing, drying and reeling threads). The community survey and onsite mapping also revealed that the religious places were the main hubs of social and economic activities, with most of the people going to them either once a day or frequently in a week--for worship, Mango Peepal for social gathering, or for buying merchandise from stalls nearby. Hence, it was evident that Yelahanka as a neighbourhood has all these three factors as the backbone of its socio-cultural-economic fabric.
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My design strategies are aimed at the ecological, cultural and economic revival of the place through augmenting biodiversity, socio-cultural relations, and local tourism; each building upon each other as part of a big system. For the first sphere of ecology, I aim to introduce the circular lifecycle design process wherein the source to end waste product is produced and utilized at site. The flower waste produced from the places of worship would be utilized in the dyeing process of the weaving industry along with other eco-dyeing crops grown in Yelahanka, and the coconut shell waste produced would be utilized in making craft products from the coir. Creating active open spaces and various pause points for residents and working weavers in conjunction with existing nodes of religious places is aimed at the second core sphere of culture and society. The last strategy of augmenting local tourism through weaving the three cultural elements of Yelahanka together, namely weavers, agriculture and the religious ecosystem is aimed at the third core sphere of economics.
Process
Dyeing
Brown
Fennel
Tamarind
Henna
Yellow
Turmeric
Mango Bark
Marigold
Coconut
Neem
Orange
Turmeric
Carrot
Marigold
Banana
Bael
Green
Guava
Chamomile
Nettle
Weavers + Religious hubs + Vacant lands
Giving functions based on 3 ecosystems and connecting them through a trail
Weaving Religious Agricultural
Ragi
Basil
Red
Hibiscus
Henna
Paddy
Jasmine
Purple
Grapes
Mulberry
Millet
Marigold
Blue
Indigo
Beetroot
Further diving the functions into detailed zones under each ecosystem
Eingeel Jafar Khan Masterplan
Legend
1. Parking and Service Centre 2. Gateway towards weaver settlement 3. Weaving History 4. Mulbery Plantation 5. Silk Rearing 6. Tea Break at Religious Centre 1 7. Jasmine flower Farm 8. Marigold and Hibiscus Farm 9. Flower waste centre at Religious Centre 2 10. Paddy, Millet and Ragi Farms 11. Grapes Farms
12. Vegetable Farms 13. Guava grove +Farm to Table 14. Central workshop for dyeing and weaving 15. Coconut+ Banana plantation + Coir Products Centre 16. Mango Orchard 17. Indigo Farms 18. Religious Centre 3 with ancient Kalyani 19. Herb Garden
15 16
13
17 11 18
12 10 14
19 9 8
3
4
6
7
5
2
1
10M
110M
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Wayfinding elements
Signage
detail plan
Break point 1 and flower waste centre
Trail Material: Permeable stone paving
Seating under Tree
Pergola for drying Dyed Raw Silk and Rain Shelter
Peepal Tree (Ficus religiosa) Permeable stone paving Flower Waste Centre
Mango Tree (Mangifera indica)
Planter with seating beneath tree
Existing Temple
Flower Farms (Jasmine, Marigold and Hibiscus)
Water well for dyeing raw silk
Signage
Breakout Point 1
Seating for interaction between weavers and visitors
Central workshop cum demonstration area Pergola for Drying cum Reeling of threads
Kalyani like open air theatre cum exhibition area
Weaving Workshop Block
Flower and Tea vendors
0
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Vendor Stall
detail plan
Legend
Eco- cultural Trail (colored permeable stone paving
Touch Smell See
Key Map
Seating along trail
Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica)
Touch See
Herb garden
Touch See
Taste Smell Hear See
Agricultural Plantations
See
Food Farms
Touch Smell See
Flower Waste Centre at Religious Centre 2
Hear
Taste Smell Hear See
Flower Farms
See
Tea-Snack break at Religious Centre 1
See
Silk Rearing
Mulbery Plantation
Hear
Weaving History
Weaverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Settlement
Tourism will act as a booster to Yelahanka, pushing forward the revival process wherein the tourists from downtown and the larger region come to sensorially experience the inter-connected religiousweaving-agriculture ecosystem, and in turn be educated about the various processes involved.
Gateway to Settlement
tourism with its elements as a tool for revival
Farm to Table Restaurant
Sensorial Experience along the Trail
Eingeel Jafar Khan
10M 20M
Eco-dyeing Workshop
Water well for eco- Seating area Parking dyeing of raw silk for weavers
Retail Shops
Entrance Foyer
Admin Block
Visiting Weaversâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Housing
Eingeel Jafar Khan
Food Farms: Grapes Plantation during Fruiting Season
一䌀䔀 吀䠀刀伀唀䜀䠀 䜀刀䄀倀䔀匀 倀䰀䄀一吀䄀吀䤀伀一
䔀堀倀䔀刀䤀䔀一䌀䔀 吀䠀刀伀唀䜀䠀 倀䄀䐀䐀夀 䘀䄀刀䴀匀 䐀唀刀䤀一䜀 䠀䄀刀嘀䔀匀吀 匀䔀䄀匀伀一 Silk Rearing Centre with all
Flower Waste Centre at Religious Centre 2 with all stages of eco- dye process
圀䄀匀吀䔀 䴀䄀一䄀䜀䔀䴀䔀一吀 䄀吀 刀䔀䰀䤀䜀䤀伀唀匀 䌀䔀一吀刀䔀 ㈀
Annual Kargah Festival at Religious Centre 4 near lake and ancient Kalyani
Food Farms: Paddy Farms during Harvesting Season
stages of Sericulture
匀䤀䰀䬀 刀䔀䄀刀䤀一䜀 娀伀一䔀 Farm to Table Restaurant in midst of farms
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Dong Yitong
Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (cpul) in Yelahanka Issue Statement
What is needed: Improve people's awareness. Restoration and protection of the ecosystem.
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How to do it: Build green space system. Community garden as medium.
Linear park near the railway
Dong Yitong
1
Master Plan
Continuous: Linear park (for green space and community garden) Productive: Community gardens for residents
2
2
Linear park near the lake
3
1
Irrigation
Continuous: Linear park (lake water for irrigation) Productive: Community gardens for residents
Linear park along the road
3
4 4
Productive: Sunday market (promotion effect)
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Current situation
Dong Yitong detail plan
Little fingers Phase 1: Full use of vacant land
Functional zone
Interconnectivity
Cow gathering area
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Half-closed vacant land & connection
Small area vacant land
Half-closed vacant land near the street
Connection with linear park
Typical types of vacant land
1
Main S
treet
Dong Yitong
3
Use building facedes for vertical garden
Design process
Comm
unity
2
4
Phase 2: Green corridor
Feed the cows: Kind behavior
Phase 3: Green corridor & roof gardens
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Li Ziheng
Orchard
Mainly responsible for supply of plant dyes; the garden primarily produces fruits and vegetables that can be made into vegetable dyes
Cotton Field
Flower Garden
Mainly provides cotton, so that visitors can have a better understanding of the raw materials of the fabric. The cotton produced here can be used in the workshop
Mainly responsible for supply of plant dyes, flowers such as tulips and morning glorys are very good natural dyes after treatment. At the same time, it can provide an excellent experience for tourists.
Central Workshop
An area for various textile activities. Visitors can learn about the extraction of vegetable dyes, the coloring of fabrics, and the making of fabrics. These paid activities can also promote and increase the income of local residents.
Herb Garden
Mainly responsible for supply of vegetable dyes. Many herbs have great potential for use in dyeing, which enables tourists to learn more medical knowledge while visiting.
Water Treatment 82
Mainly used to purify the pollutants produced in the process of dye production
Although Eco-Dyeing, the process of dye production will use a small amount of chemical agent to improve the color of the dye durability. The lightly polluted water needs to be treated.
Mulberry-base pond
Mulberry trees were planted in large Numbers to guarantee the production of silk, and fish were raised in the fishponds. Tourists could do all kinds of waterloving activities such as fishing.
4
Li Ziheng
3 5
1
6
11 2 10
9 7 1. Entrance 2. Shopping Area 3. Agriculture Walk 4. Orchard 5. Tea Garden 6. Muibberry-base Pond 7. Dock 8. Watching Tower 9. Textile-history Walk 10. Central Workshop 11. Purification Stream 12. Glass Cover Street 13. Flower Garden 14. Lake Walk 15. Herb Garen
8
15
12
13
N 14
40m
80m
120m
160m
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Li Ziheng
Plant selection for dyeing
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The choice of plants is very important. Apart from cotton and mulberry trees, which provide fabrics, other plants selected can be used for dyes. The roots, leaves, stems, fruits/peels, and petals of these plants can be used as natural dyes. Also, plants should be chosen for their agricultural qualities, such as apple trees: the fruits can be eaten and the flowers can be used as dyes, making them ideal for growing in fields.
Li Ziheng
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radha waykool
Interlake - Amplifying The Strength Of Connection Between Community And Yelahanka Lake By Amalgmation Of Productive And Ecological Landscapes
Fences as a better social enclave Less Defensive
In between understanding the lake series developed throughout Bangalore, the system of lakes helped to know why and how they were built for rich landscape assisting socio-economic aspects. The primary purpose of the lake series faded away with the development of the lake city, creating barriers and destructing the lake series. Even though the authorities tried to keep the buffers for a revival of this lake series the sense of belonging to the lake has mostly diminished. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why the part of the design was redefining these boundaries and utilising them to nurture the whole lake series of Bangalore and set up an example to follow. Existing Chain Link Fence
Why Fence?
Aesthetics
Living Fence
Durability
Fin Fence
Maintainance
Though rapid urbanization was taking over such significant features in the town, Yelahanka lake and the stories told by the communities The BDA states that fencing is a crucial aspect in protection and preservation of water bodies. maintained to trace the importance of Yelahanka lake within the community, which inspired me to come up with an intervention that reframes the past by linking the city to the lake and surrounds. The lake served the community for cultural and economic reasons in the past, and the challenge was reintroducing the lost bond with a new expression to engage present and future generations. The strategies revolve around giving access, the original purpose by building and activating edges and sharing the resources to build community. 75M Buffer As A Green Corridor
Green Corridors
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Instead of no construction bufferzones making the green buffer orridors providing guidelines for natural remediation techniques according to the context of the lake series
Available Green Buffer Enchroachment Bicycle Track Achievable Buffer
Accesibility Understanding the proposed landuse plan introducing entry points for better accesibility of fenced zones of the series. Proposing bicycle track connecting the lake series of bangalore for awareness as well as better connectivity to lake system
Production
Security
Interactive Fence
Remediative
Shared Fence
Policy building Green Buffer Enchroachment Bicycle Track Achievable Green Buffer For Productive Landscape
Sharing The Buffer Zones Proposing areas for transfers of ownership right to authority. Leasing the land in the buffer zone to public private partnership program where land can be distributed among communities creating opportunities to produce and maintain the buffer zone.
Past conditions : A Multi crop farming
radha waykool
1 Heal Heal With Nature: Remediate The Eco-Sociological Values Of The Lake
Activate Activating The Edge: Introducing Better Access And Identity To The Place
2
Build Build The Productive Landscape: Reframing The Past Of The System To Restructure The Present For Better And Sustainable Future
Share Fraction For Everyone: Managing The Produce For Social And Ecological Balance
Past conditions : B Urban influence Decline in farming activity
3 Circulation Path Proposed Entry Point Existing Entry Point
Accesibilty And Circulation
14 4
3
5 2
13 12
Community/Cultural Segment Ecological Segment Buffer Segment
6
Proposed phase 1 : D 5-6 Years Phytoremediation to extract contamination and improve soil quality for productivity Creating green buffers to purify the surface runoff from surroundings
Zoning
5 7
Proposed phase 2 : E 2-3 Years Post extraction process using the land for production
11 Legend 1.Constructed wetland 2.Kalyani with view points 3.Food forest with guilds 4.Farm pockets 5.Productive ghats 6.Fruit orchard 7.Activity zone 8.Information centre 9.Reserved vegetation 10.Flower zone and nursery 11.Jetty 12.Community zone 13.Linkway 14.Trail through food forest
Present conditions : C Unorganized development Encroachment Gated lake area High contaminated soil and ground water
8
10
Wetland
9
Multi Mechanism Buffer/Mat Sub Surface Wetland Degradation Bosque
Proposed phase 3 : F 1-2 Year Planting fast growing + nitrogen fixing trees to increase soil quality And again using for production
Extraction Plot Floating Islands
0M
150M
450M
Master Plan
Storm Water Filter +Living Fence
Remediation techniques
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radha waykool
Program
1
Heal
2
Activate
Build
Share
3
8
Community Nodes Pavillions Community Kitchen Nursery Storage Productive Ghats Kalyani
13
Stakeholders
9
Yield Nodes Community Farm Shared Farm Pockets Flower Farms Floating Farms Productive Screens Nursery Seed Banks
Ecological Nodes Constructed Wetlands Remediative Buffers Strom Water Filter Living Fence
Ownership and Managnent of the tanks GOVERNMENT
Finance
Floral
Private Organisations
Policy Lake BBMP Development BDA Authority Forestry Department
NGOs
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4
12
Residence
Land Availability Opportunities
Housing Board
COMMUNITY MEET UPS
10
COMMUNITY LEADERS
5
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT GROUP
PPP
COMMUNITY
SHIELDING THE LAKE SERIES BANGALORE
FISHERMEN
OWNERSHIP RIGHTS WITH SOCIAL CREDITS
FARMERS AND GRAZERS
Experience
7
FARM POCKETS
Aspiration
FARM LANDS
14 Skills
MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION
Economy Generator
ACCESS TO FISHING
INVITING
Techniques
Companion Planting
INTRODUCING SOCIAL CREDITS
Engagement Enhancement
FOOD FOREST
Educational
LAKE MANAGEMENT COMMITEE 4-6 GUARDS 2 LAKE MANAGERS
KEY PLAN
7
6 Floating Farms
Legend 1. Community gathering space 2. Farm cafe 3. Farm box garden 4. Pavillions 5. Floral fragments 6. Vegetable patch 7. Shared farme space 0m
Detail Plan
2.5m
8. Community fruit orchard 9. Legumeous edge 10. Productive ghats 11. Floating farms 12. Aquatic vegetation zone 13. Water wheel 14. Linkway
7.5m
Material Palette
Framework For Floating Farms
Bamboo
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Experiential Nodes Food Forest Trail Bird Watching Points Boardwalks Linkway Soft Green Edges Activity Zones
Within Lake Site Stage 1 5-6 Years Grow
Employment For Community Stage 2 1-2Years Build
Produce And Share Stage 3 1-2Years
Jute Rope
Compost
Cowdung
Jute
Productive Edge
Ecological edge
radha waykool
Interactive edge
Tool Box
D
F
E
A
I C
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
G
B
G
H
I
A
Pocket Farms Managed By Women Empowerment Group And Schools
B
Productive Ghats With Festive Flower Patch
C
Interactive Green Edge
D
Constructed Wetland
E
Spoteneous Vegetation Patch For Research
F
Transition Zone
G
Linkway To Connect The Opposite Edges And Settlements
H
Old Irrigation System For New Generation
I
Learning Hub
Kalyanis With New Purpose
Floating Farms As A Part Of Productive Landscape
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Credits
Guest critics, Lecturers, & Consultants: Hwang Yun Hye, NUS Tan Puay Yok, NUS Herbert Dreiseitl, NUS guest lecturer Saurabh Gaidhani, 100 Resilient Cities Ryan Shubin, Rambol Studio Dreiseitl Helen Smith-Yao, STX Landscape Architects Henry Steed, ICN Design International We also acknolwedge the work of the students in Prof. Hwangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s studio, whom we teamed up with during the first two weeks of site analysis: Chan Wing Fai, Chen Nan, Dai Yuke, Isabel Villegas Molina, Hou Yanru, Liu Ye, Manasi Prabhudesai, Tang Mengjiao, Yang Xiaowen, Zhang Qinqin, Muhammad Rahmat Bin Khairudin, Mitali Kumar, and Elsa Sim Rui Jia A special thanks to: Dr. Annapura, Jalaposan Trust Aparna Rao, Sriganesh Rajendran, Rahul Paul, and Maithily Velangi, FICUS Rajendra Hedge, Biological Research Innovation Centre and Solutions LLP And to our knowledgable English-Kanada translators: David and Sumitra Bodapati Hithesh Shettigar, Karthik Gowda, and Nithyam Nachappa who made it possible for us to engage the residents of Yelahanka. Finally, a very special acknowledgement to the residents of Yelahanka, we were truly inspired by your community.