2020 Insights - need to know Affluenza trends for the year - Legal revolutions that help conserve environments
Do we behave Plastic?
F. O . R . E . V . E . R A Plastic state of mind
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Editor’s Note Our research has led us to note that thinking of a nonhuman enitiy in human ways renders it worthy of moral care and consideration. Thus, we strive to a create plot line, an overarching metanarrative from an anthropomorphic perspective based on visuals and camera decisions, which can make a commentary on the current situation of overconsumption. We try to associate movements and happenings from the world around us, like floods, growth, tornadoes as well as discrete daily movements like throwing, or falling down, and re-interpret them in a new and stranger perspective. The current scenario of overconsumption and affluence forves us to think about the waste as an entity having agency and power of thought. This agency allows us to pose a plot in which the waste of the city is on the move, to emmigrate.
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Contents Affected by Affluenza
01 STATEMENT Anthropomorphism
01 Stray Straws? 01 Extra Fries Please !
01 What is it?
01 Who Gobbles food?
01 Would you marry them
01 What goes in the ocean 01 Buy 1 Waste Half 01 Bottles Bottles Bottles
Mechanics
01 Too Too Much Much 01 LED Labyrinth 01 Feel-O-Meter
Personhood Today!
01 Anthropomorphic form 01 Structure 01 Character 01 Gesture 01 Awareness
01 Colombian Amazon
Emotions
01 River Ganges, India 01 The Great Barrier Reef 01 I am the River 01 Mount Taranaki 01 Puzzle of Personhood
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01 Non-Human Person
01 Who is a person ?
01 Love VS Hate
01 Play of notions
01 Do you feel Guilty?
01 Incidental Affect 3
CHAPTE
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BANNING PLASTIC STRAWS IS NOT GOING TO SAVE THE OCEAN 500 million straws are used every single day in United States.
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EXERCISE...? I HEARD EXTRA FRIES. According to Agriculture Department statistics,Americans eat an average of 115.6 pounds of white potatoes a year, of which two-thirds are in the form of French fries, potato chips and other frozen or processed potato products.
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‘ Todays fresh catch ‘
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Delivered to you by the Oceans
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TRAFFIC SIGNALS TAKING REVENGE ?
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ONLY 1 IN 5 PLASTIC BOTTLES ARE RECYCLED THE ENERGY REQUIRED TO MAKE 1 PLASTIC BOTTLE COULD RECYCLE 10 PLASTIC BOTTLES.
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LABYRINTH OF PLASTIC WASTE FROM 6000 ILLUMINATED BOTTLES Anonymous art group luzinterruptus has built the ‘labyrinth of plastic waste’ for poland’s katowice street art festival. 6000 discarded water bottles have been transformed into a 7 by 5 meter maze with weaving corridors and narrow pathways, which visitors can immerse themselves within and experience on a largescale. 22
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Real time MOOD of the city. FEEL-O-METER SCIENCE OF HAPPINESS ! (Images courtesy of Julius von Bismark)
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The Feel-o-Meter is an eight meter tall sculpture designed to reflect a city’s mood in real-time. Made of neon tubes and steel, the sculpture is fed data from software that analyzes the emotion behind facial expressions. It may appear happy, sad, or neutral depending on the emotional status of the city-goers it overlooks. Although the sculpture was intended to show people their emotions can be “seen,” one of the installation’s original creators, Julius von Bismarck, notes another purpose behind the work. “We wanted people to start considering if they want
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to know others’ emotions; if they want to be private or they want to be public.” Hiller sees the potential in developing a plan for help and action based on the use of this type of metric. “. . . to map something like sadness, frustration, or the feeling of opportunity,” she says, “would really unlock the true inequalities within the city.” Science tells us that emotions, happy or sad, are contagious. Ultimately, would knowing the true pulse of your neighbors or neighborhoods on a given day change the way you feel and live? this heart sculpture in New York City.
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THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON IS NOW A PERSON
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The Colombian Supreme Court ruled Thursday that the Colombian government must create a plan to combat deforestation in the Amazon, as well as climate change impacts in the country overall. With just four months to do so, the court has ordered the government to take a community-oriented approach and work with both plaintiff and the country’s most-impacted residents. The government also has five months to put together an intergenerational pact for the life of the Colombian Amazon.
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THE RIGHTS OF NATURE
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The deforestation rates in Amazon Forest increased by 44% in the year 2015-2016. It is extremely clear that an urgent action needs to be taken to protect Amazon Rainforest. Attributing personhood to the forest is an historic movement that will help conserve theforests and counter the climate change. A group of 25 young plaintiffs, ranging in age from seven to 26, filed a lawsuit against the government demanding it protect their right to a healthy environment. the court recognised Colombia’s Amazon as an “entity subject of rights”, which means that the rainforest has been
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granted the same legal rights as a human being. And in recognizing that the Amazon rainforest has the legal rights of a person, what that does is that shifts our relationship with nature in a profound way and says, we have really sacred legal obligations to protect and restore the Amazon rainforest,” says Boyd, who is also an associate professor of law, policy and sustainability at the University of British Columbia. The Colombian Amazon now has the same legal rights as you.
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GANGES IS OUR MOTHER THE WORLD’S HOLIEST RIVER CREATES LIFE AND WELCOMES THE DEAD.
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A LEGAL REVOLUTION THAT COULD SAVE THE WORLD
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The Ganges river, considered sacred by more than 1 billion Indians, has become the first non-human entity in India to be granted the same legal rights as people. The decision, which was welcomed by environmentalists, means that polluting or damaging the rivers will be legally equivalent to harming a person. The court has appointed three officials to act as legal custodians responsible for conserving and protecting the rivers and their tributaries. It ordered that a management board be established within three months.
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Hundreds of tribal representatives wept with joy when their attempt to have their kin awarded legal status as a living entity was passed into law. “We have fought to find an approximation in law so that all others can understand that, from our perspective, treating the river as a living entity is the correct way to approach it, as an indivisible whole, instead of the traditional model for the last 100 years of treating it from a perspective of ownership and management,� said Gerrard Albert, the lead negotiator for the iwi. The river will be represented in court by a representative of the indigenous Maori people and a representative of the crown. 35
T H E G R E AT BARRIER REEF IS A CITIZEN ‘THE RIGHT TO LIVE’
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A campaign was launched in Australia on Wednesday to push for citizenship to be granted to the Great Barrier Reef in order to strengthen protection of the world’s largest living organism.The Change.org petition, addressed to the ministers of environment, citizenship and home affairs as well as Prime Minister Scott Morrison, highlighted that the Great Barrier Reef protects the country’s coastline and contributes about AU$6.4 billion ($4.5 billion) annually to its economy, as well as supporting 64,000 jobs.
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JOURNEY TOWARDS FREEDOM
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The Great Barrier Reef, declared a World Heritage Site in 1981, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In recent decades, the reef has been subjected to rising ocean temperatures, industrial and plastic pollution, and large amounts of pesticides due to polluted flood water. In 2016 and 2017, warming ocean waters — linked to human-induced climate change — caused massive coral bleaching. The campaign, entitled Citizen Reef, seeks to protect the world’s largest living organism from future damage by ensuring it receives the rights to freedom from inhuman
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treatment, the highest standard of physical health, the right to maintain subsistence, and the right to life — just like any other Australian. “The Great Barrier Reef is our most popular Australian icon, yet we’re allowing her to starve. She deserves to be acknowledged for her contribution to Australia, but most importantly, she deserves to be protected from harm and granted the rights she needs to survive,” television presenter Osher Günsberg stated. The campaigners behind the appeal hope a citizenship status will protect the reef from degradation.
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IAM THE RIVER, AND THE RIVER IS ME WHANGANUI RIVER
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On March 20th, 2017, the New Zealand government enacted legislation recognizing the Whanganui River as a legal person , holding rights and responsibilities equivalent to a person. The Maori people of the river, the Whanganui Iwi, have an ancestral connection with the River, existing long before the colonization of New Zealand.
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FLOWING TOWARDS A BETTER LIFE
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The legal personhood is not just attributesd to Whanganui River but its catchment area in its entirety, “stretching from the mountains to the sea,” recognizing and highlighting this river system as an “indivisible and living whole, incorporating all its tributaries and all its physical and met-physical elements” (Te Awa Tupua, 2016). Extending this distinction to the catchment as a whole works specifically to include Maori perspectives and long held cultural beliefs about ownership and interconnectedness within the framework of western legal thought (Williams, 2012).
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“Maori generally do not emphasize the concept of rights. Rather, they emphasize the concept of guardianship resulting from their duty to care for their ancestor” (Kauffman, 2017). These guardians consisted of one representative from the Whanganui Iwi community and one representative from the Crown government, both would be charged with looking out for the river and for making decisions on its behalf. This is important because it gives a voice to the Whanganui River, allowing for the river to argue in court and to speak for its self, granting a sense of animacy to the designation of personhood. These guardians are essentially the voices of the river. 43
Does your phone need a new skin?
Forget protective covers. Introducing skin-like phone cases that respond to being pinched and tickled.
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MOUNT TARANAKI IS A PERSON NOW
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Mount Taranaki in New Zealand is to be granted the same legal rights as a person, becoming the third geographic feature in the country to be granted a “legal personality�.
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MR. MOUNTAIN’S OPINION
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New Zealand Mountain :Mount Taranaki is 120,000 years old and is the country’s most perfectly formed dormant volcano recieved personhood. Giving the mountain person status will hopefully mean that people think a little more carefully before doing anything they shouldn’t. You wouldn’t drop litter or go to the toilet on the resting place of your ancestors – and that’s what Taranaki is to the Taranaki iwi people: an ancestor.” Eight local Maori tribes and the government will share guardianship of the sacred mountain on the west coast of the North Island,in a
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long-awaited acknowledgement of the indigenous people’s relationship to the mountain, who view it as an ancestor and whanau, or family member.The new status of the mountain means if someone abuses or harms it, it is the same legally as harming the tribe.Today’s agreements are a major milestone in acknowledging the grievances and hurt from the past as the Taranaki iwi experienced some of the worst examples of Crown behaviour in the 19th century.” “ It [Mt Taranaki] provides that sense of place, social association and identity,” The chief negotiator for Taranaki iwi, Jamie Tuuta said.
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PUZZLE OF PERSONHOOD Investigating the personification of non-human entities
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Human relationships appear to extend beyond the confines of human affairs. Thus, we hypothesized that “person” may be thought of as a functional, superordinate, sociopsychological category that includes, but is not limited to, the biological category “human.”Anthropomorphic entities such as God, animals, deceased humans, or robots may also be thought of as “persons.” Philosophers and anthropologists have extensively explored differences in the psychological construct of personhood, theorizing about the nature of persons, their social status, moral responsibilities, or legal rights. However, there has been little consensus as to what constitutes personhood or how the term “person” is related to the psychological constructs of “human” and “self.” Some have proposed that persons must have bodies; have particular kinds of mental attributes, be able to
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communicate, or have moral rights and responsibilities. Are these merely the criteria of philosophers, or do ordinary people consider each of these qualifications when assigning personhood? In the social sciences the term “person” has generally been used to refer to a state of being, and more particularly to a biological human being, with certain physical features and spatio-temporal continuity. On the other hand, personhood may be cast in terms of behavioral outcomes; that is, in terms of identifying those capable of social interaction, or having moral rights and responsibilities. Intentionality is defined as a stance taken toward the entity, and that the moral notions of personhood are not necessarily separate from metaphysical ones: instead, these criteria “are unstable resting points on the same continuum”. Still the question remains whether nonhuman entities are “persons.”
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EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-HUMAN PERSONHOOD
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The personhood justification for private property emphasizes the extent to which property is personal as opposed to fungible: the justification is strongest where an object or idea is closely intertwined with an individual’s personal identity and weakest where the ‘thing’ is valued by the individual at its market worth. The personhood justification for private property is limited and highly subjective. It is the key to understanding objective morality. Featuring the newest citizens of the world.
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A love hate relationship
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en pp
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MIND ATTRIBUTION TO NATURE
POSITIVE EXPERIENCES
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NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES
P R O - E N V I R O N M E N TA L BEHAVIOUR INTENTION
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HAVE YOU EVER FELT GUILTY?
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GUILT AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR A causal relationship Empathy and compassion arising out of critical happenings can induce guilt leading to an other oriented tendency. This tendency then fosters moral concern and motivates actions that are useful for the environment. As a consequence of compassion, a “prosocial action tendency” is elicited (Haidt, 2003), especially when the suffering other deserves help and one has the resources to help (Goetz et al., 2010). Hence, compassionate individuals follow the ultimate moral goal of preventing and relieving the suffering of others as well as improving others’ welfare.
COMPASSION EMPATHY
GUILT
OTHER ORIENTED TENDENCY MORAL CONCERN
P R O - E N V I R O N M E N TA L BEHAVIOUR
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#weeklyweirdwonder
Can’t co-ope We “compartmentalize” and establish differences between objects,beings and differentiating also the obligations that they have toward them.
Humans’ desire to maintain the possibility of both having objects as companions and using them for their needs.
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t you erate ? Object that can cooperate with us or hinder our activity may be the target of an anthropomorphic attitude.
Increased attachment levels result in the increased use of emotive terms to describe object behavior.
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IS THAT A PERSON? 60
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Anthropomorphism Anthropos
Means Humans
Anthropomorphism Morphe
Means Shape or form
F u n d a m e n t a l l y , anthropomorphism is a way of relating with a non-human entity by addressing it as it were a human partner in a communicative situation. Anthropomorphizing objects or biological entities is a means to establish a relation with them, dealing with them as interlocutors in a communicative interaction. This process leads to the automatic attribution of intentionality and social behavior. Perceiving an agent to be humanlike has important implications for whether the agent is capable of social influence, accountable for its actions, and worthy of moral care and consideration.
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This process of anthropomorphism is a critical determinant of how people understand and treat nonhuman agents from gods to gadgets to the stock market, is central to multibillion dollar industries such as robotics and pet care, and features prominently in public debates ranging from the treatment of Mother Earth to abortion rights. Anthropomorphism therefore includes both physical features, such as perceiving a religious agent in a humanlike form, and mental capacities that people believe are uniquely human, such as the capacity to have conscious awareness, possess explicit intentions, or experience secondary emotions like joy, pride, shame, guilt). 61
Would you marry a carpet or a tree ?
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W h y d o w e a n t h ro p o m o r p h i s e ? BASIC GOAL
DESIGN Function is only because of which traits evolve.
BELIEF point of view equated to human , personal intention.
• Monetary illusions and perceptual ambiguity • The feeling of “Better safe than sorry” • Fantasy and Imaginary transformation • Lack of social connection • Expectation of an object to cooperate with you
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MEET FRANK ! The plastic being 64 64
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Anthropomorphic form of structure. Structural form imitates the construction and operation of the human body with a focus on its materiality. Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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POOR BABY BAG... Stuck and struggling 66 6 6
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The anthropomorphic form of character imitates the traits, roles or functions of people. The display of qualities or habits that define and describe individuals are evidence of the anthropomorphic form of character. Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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OVERFULL OPENINGS VOMIT TO ESCAPE 68 68
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Gestural anthropomorphic form imitates the ways people communicate with and through the human body with a focus on human behavior. The use of motions or poses that suggest human action to express meaning, intention, or instruction is evidence of gestural anthropomorphic form. It draws from knowledge of human non-verbal communication and reflects the expressiveness of the human body. Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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EMMIGRANTS OF TODAY Making their way out 70 70
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Aware anthropomorphic form imitates the human capacity for thought, intentionality, or inquiry. It also recognizes the social qualities of being human, with a mix of emotions and guilt accomapnied by sorrow and passive anger. Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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#weeklyweirdwonder Pssst... Someone is watching you !
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#weeklyweirdwonder Have you ever noticed how various objects and constructions look as if they’ve got faces- they are smiling, being angry or amazed. However, what some may call acuteness to detail is usually attributed to a psychological phenomenon, called pareidolia – that’s when a person perceives a random stimulus as something significant. Don’t worry. You’re not crazy, it’s common.
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In each narrative instance of explicit anthropomorphism,we associate gestural and emotive characteristics to bring out the intangible - love, empathy, guilt, anger and strength. Our perception of plastic is about to change - what once was forever, is about to be over.
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Is it just a notion? Are we being tricked?
Theme 01 : Having a rational metaphysical being
Theme 02 : Attribution of states of consciousness 76
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Is being an entity to which states of consciousness or selfconsciousness are ascribed the same as being an endin-oneself, or is it merely one precondition?
Theme 03 : Dependency on an attitude or a stance taken towards it
Theme 04 : Capability of reciprocating Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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We often associate inanimate bodies to have human-like characteristics. We name them, perceive their movements as actions as acts of the human body, and associate emotions by giving them agency. The human mind grasps these as gestures based on certain responses. This way anthropomorphism is indirectly a part of our lives if we think of it. 78
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Do you feel what I feel ?
Surprise
Scare 80
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Emotional states in one situation can carry over to another unrelated situation and affect judgment and decision making (e.g., Bodenhausen, 1993). There is research on compassion showing carry-over effects of compassion from one situation to another unrelated one (Oveis et al., 2010). Therefore, it is well possible in the present case that compassion for humans might carry over to the unrelated situation of a concern for the environment that would result in strengthened proenvironmental tendencies.
Hope
Suffocation Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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What constitutes another aspect of emotive awareness is care and compassion for one another. Such fleeting moments of empathy invest us to believe the inanimate to have life, to have emotion and a capability to care for one another. These help us negotiate the thingness of such objects – as if they are characters, not mere pieces. It induces this sense of empathy, maybe even guilt, and makes us think of plastic in an intuitive, emotive manner as if it is yearning for connection. 82
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Suffocation
Disgust 84
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Stubbornness
Guilt Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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Is being an entity to which states of consciousness or self-consciousness are ascribed the same as being an end-in-oneself, or is it merely one precondition? Four themes, each a claim to identify a necessary condition of personhood based on interpretation using various factors. Poses questions on how they are dependent on each other; second, why they are necessary conditions of moral personhood, and third, why it is so hard to say whether they are jointly sufficient conditions for moral personhood.
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Animals move in mobs, there is this idea of greater strength and safety in numbers. It enforces a sense of awareness, a feeling of unity, which is very very empowering. The strength brings along this united spirit to the objects, as if reinforcing that they are all in it together – and it relates to us in so many ways when we think of the society around us today. By the end all objects, like people, simply get on the streets and empower each other to make the final move. These reflect on the crowd being aware of what is going on and willing to participate and make a difference. 88
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P L AS Our own creation,
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STIC. Is now on a mission. Wired F.O.R.E.V.E.R | Mar 2020
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