DISTRICT PROFILE
MANDYA DISTRICT PROFILE Introduction The Mandya district comprises of 7 taluks surrounded by Ramanagaram district in the east, Mysore in the west, Hassan and Tumkur in the north and Chamarajanagar in south. The river Cauvery enters the district from the west in Srirangapatna taluk and flows through Malavalli. The district is also benefited by tributaries of Cauvery viz. Hemavathi and Shimsha. For any meaningful planning it is important to bring out problems and prospects of the district. Infrastructure : The district is well connected with Railways and Roads and located between two fast growing cities- viz Bangalore and Mysore. The district is having Zonal Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture and K.V.K. at V.C.Farm. The district also has 5 working sugar factories. One product diary, 2 Cocoon markets. One Tender coconut market and a major jaggery market. Two medical colleges, Two engineering colleges are effectively working in the district. District At Glance: Mandya is predominantly agrarian district located in the south of the state between 76.19 and 77 20 E longitude and 12 13 and 13 04 N. lattitude with an altitude of 2500 – 3000 ft. MSL. Mandya district is having several tourist and historically important places like Krishnaraja sagar, Ranganatittu & Kokkare Bellur bird santauries, Srirangapatna Fort, Sri Ranganatha temple, cheluvanarayana swamy and yoganarasimha swamy temples with Ramanujacharya Dwaitha Peeth at Melukote.
GENERAL
AGRICULTURE
Particulars
Particulars
Area (Sq. Kms)
4961
RSKs
31
Longitude
120 45” to 130 57” SHGs
6214
Latitude
760 45” to 780 24” Water Sources (ha.)
140916
MSL (mt.)
706.29
Canal (ha.)
102806
Taluks
7
Tank (ha.)
21799
Hoblis
31
Wells (ha.)
8157
Gram Panchayaths
232
Borewells (ha.)
5002
Villages
1479
Lift Irrigation (ha.)
470
Towns (Urban Agglomeration)
3
Others (ha.)
2682
Municipalities
4
Land holdings (ha.)
Hamlets
741
Marginal (< 1 ha.)
139990
Population (Nos.)
1763705
Small (1 – 2 ha.)
95418
Rural Population (Nos.)
1489483
Semi Medium (2 – 4 ha.)
63232
Urban Population (Nos.)
274222
Medium ( 4 -10 ha.)
22572
Literacy (%)
61
Large (> 10 ha.)
2848
AGRICULTURE PRODUCE Crop Area (ha.) Cereal Paddy
79889
Ragi
65588
Maize
4073
Pulse Bengal Gram
72
Toor
1316
Other pulses
36459
Oil seed crops Groundnut
1263
Others
6865
Fruit crops
5062
Vegetables
5471
Commercial crops Sugarcane
47944
Non food crops
35256
Mulberry (ha.)
16416
Cocoon production (tons)
12593
Silk produce (Rs. in lakhs)
18890
Hydrology and Irrigation : The River Cauvery is the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Life line of the Districtâ&#x20AC;? with scenic beauties and well known waterfalls viz., Gaganachukki and Balamuri. The first Hydro electric power station in Asia was established in the district during 1902 at Shivanasamudram.
GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF DISTRICT : The ground water resources in Mandya indicates that, the most part of Malavalli taluk is under critical, whereas K.R.Pete, part of Pandavapur, Srirangapatna and Maddur stands as over exploited and the rest of area is in the safe zone.
Demography : The total population of Mandya district as per the 2001 census is 17.64 Lakhs. The male population stands at 8.88 lakhs and the female at 8.76 lakhs. 84% of the population is living in rural areas. The female population is more in K.R.Pet, Nagamangala and Pandavapura.. Sex ratio of the district is 985. Scheduled Cast population in district is 2.07 lakhs and 0.14 lakhs is the Scheduled Tribes.
Soil and Climate : The district comes under Southern Dry Zone (Zone-6) with an annual average rainfall of 722 mm. Red sandy loam soil is predominant in the district.
Land Utilization Pattern : The net area sown in the district is 2.51 lakh ha. with 48% irrigation facilities. The district is having 82407 ha. uncultivable waste land and 24765 ha. under forests.
Agricultural Land utilisation in Mandya District (Ha)
Follow Land, 76552
, Net Sow n Area, 230185
Permanent Pasture, 38168 Cultivable w aste, 41955 Barren, 21513 Non-Agricultural, 60904 Trees & Grooves, 3176
Forest, 24765
Soil fertility Status: The Soil fertility status of Mandya in both rainfed and irrigated areas is similar in nature. The Organic carbon content is medium and phosphorus and potassium is high. The pH of the soil is generally neutral (6.5 to 7.5).
Soil Health : As Mandya District is having 48% of cultivated area under irrigation, which is having intensive agriculture activities majority with sugarcane and paddy. As a result there is a severe depletion of soil fertility without replenishing by addition of Organic manure. The Crops have been frequently exposed to severe depletion of nitrogen phosphorous and potassium Zinc and Iron. Hence the productivity of the said crops being reduces /stagnated over the year. Hence this problem needs to be addressed immediately to increase the production and productivity as per the following programmes. 1. Promotion of high Nitrogen fixing varieties of leguminous green manure crop like cowpea, Avare, Horsegram, susbania, Crotolaria and others. 2. Promotion of Vermi composting for better utilization of crop residues Water Management & Micro Irrigation: 1.
Establishment of advanced centre for water management at Mandya with facilities for large scale demonstration and effective management of water through piped irrigation systems and micro irrigation system thereby also facilitate effective nutritive management with good soil health conditions.
2.
Reclamation of problematic soils with CADA supported programmes in addition to encouraging suitable varieties/ Crop species. Tolerant to such soils.
3.
Uneven distribution of water in command areas results in severe water deficiency at tail end regions. Can be solved by linking of all the seasonal tanks through irrigated canals.
Rainfall Pattern: Total average rainfall of the district is 722 mm with bimodal distribution. The maximum rainfall occurs in the months of May and September, October. Kharif season receives 38% rainfall and 36% of rainfall is received during Rabi season. 164
Normal Rainfall 180 160
133 123
140 120 100
62
80
50
60
48
54
52
Rainfall Distribution in Mandya District
40 20
2
6
18
10
0 Jan
Feb
Mar
April
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec.
Summer, 16 North-east monsoon, 246.2
Pre-monsoon, 173.2
south-west monsoon, 264.6
Category of Farmers : The total number of operational land holdings is 4.92 lakhs with an average size of land holding of 0.64 ha. Which is far below the economic size of 2.56 ha. Small and marginal farmers account for 92% of the total holdings cultivating 78% of the total cultivated area.
land holdings - Mandya District
391353
Marginal Small 229
4512
24869
71475
Semi-medium Medium Large
Growth Regions Of Mandya District : The Mandya District represents rainfed and irrigated eco system with 48% irrigated area. The major source of irrigation is Cauvery and Hemavathi reservoirs. The irrigated region is Concentrated in Srirangapatna, Pandavapura, Mandya, Maddur and Malavalli. As per the availability of irrigation sources the district can be classified in to 3 growth regions.
Vibrant growth region
Medium growth region
Slow growth region
Productivity analysis of Major Crops: The total cultivated area of agricultural crops in the district is about 2.51 lakh ha. The area under different agricultural crops indicated that the rice is grown in 80000 ha. and Sugarcane in 25000 to 40000 ha. The Ragi in rainfed areas occupies 72000 ha. The area under maize is increasing over the years in tail end regions replacing groundnut the normal pulse area in the district is 24000 ha. The food grain production during 10th plan in the district varied 2.1 lakh ton to 4.6 lakh ton. The food grain production affected due to drought occurred in the year 2002-03 and 2003-04. The area and production of sugarcane also fluctuated due to less availability of irrigation water during drought period.
Area under Agriculture Crops in Mandya Dist. (Ha)
Sugarcane, 30000 Rice, 80000
Oil Seeds, 21000
Pulses, 24000 Maize, 5000 Ragi, 72000
Yield status of major crops of the District and State in the year 2006-07
2755
4000
1245
Maize Groundnut
841
909
1100
191
5
Horsegram
463
575
1000
425
6
Sugarcane
99
119
200
81
3000
State
2500
District
2000
Potantial Yield Yield Gap
1500 1000 500 0 Ri ce
Source : ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya
3500
ca ne
2878
3
4000
Su ga r
1467
Ragi
Ho ra sg ra m
2500
2
4500
ut
1033
2541
G ro un dn
908
Rice
Yield Gap of Major Crops
m ai ze
Yield Gap 1002
District
Ra gi
2998
Potential Yield 4000
State
4
Crop
Average Yield
Sl. No. 1
Crops
There is huge yield gap in all the major crops of the district due to many constraints. The crop wise constraint analysis is given below.
Thrust Area Identified in Mandya district. Participatory seed production program involving ZARS/SHG NGO/KSSC. Operation research project on crop diversification in Hemavathi command area-ZARS. Research on Scientific jaggery production processing & Marketing. LSD/FLD on IFS in rainfed areas. Intensification of forage production- Seed production. Enrichment of soil fertility through green manure / Bio- fertilizer / Enriched compost/ Micro nutrient. Agro processing & value addition at village level.
HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Major Horticultural Crops of Mandya District Fruit Crops Vegetable Crops Plant at ion Crops 62%
Spice Crops Plantation Crops Commercial Flow ers
Commercial Flowers 2%
Spice Crops Fruit Crops
3% Veget able Crops
15%
18%
Mandya district has potential to become major destination for horticulture crops production and processing in terms of both dry land horticulture with fruit crops and intensive cultivation of high value crops in irrigated areas of the district. In rainfed areas Mango, grapes, jack, Amla, wood apple, Tamarind, Cashew, Guave, Sapota could be promoted in semi-irrigated taluks. Similarly irrigated areas have potential to grow flowers and vegetable crops apart from their seed production.
Coconut is the major horticulture crops covering about 40000 ha. followed by mango and banana in 5000 ha and 7000 ha. respectively. Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi and green chilies constitute vegetables with their combined area around 5000 ha. The existing total area of various horticulture is shown Annexure-5.21 there is immense scope for area expansion both under irrigation as well as in rainfed areas. Major thrust is given for area expansion under Mango, Jack fruit, Guave, Sapota and Amla Crops in rainfed areas of MAL, KRP, and NAG, PPR along with watershed programs. In irrigated areas Banana and intensive vegetable cultivation of Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi is planned to boost the production and productivity to catch the nearby market.