Developments in Jatropha (Research on Jatropha curcas L., Goals and Achievements)
Dr. Sudheer Shetty Chairman Labland Group of Companies 8th KM, KRS Main Road Mysore 570 016
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Jatropha oh! That wonder plant in the years 20002000-2005
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Jatropha • She became the Dream Girl of everyone o Micro-oil well for oil sectors o Money plant for the investors o Green beauty for the environmentalists o Cinderella for scientists
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Among the non non--edible oil seeds, Jatropha was identified as the most suitable for biodiesel production
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The claims projected on Jatropha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Reclaims marginal soils Is an energy crop Provides oil of high quality Grows well under saline conditions Is drought tolerant and may have low water use (or high water use efficiency) 6. Has low nutrient requirements 7. Grows seeds with high oil contents 8. Provides high oil yields 9. Requires low labour inputs 10. Does not compete with food production, and 11. Is tolerant or resistant to pests and diseases Labland, Mysore
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Initially, during 2003 to 2008 Jatropha was planted in several thousands of hectares of arid land with a promise of a “Wonder Plant� able to grow and yield on arid lands with hardly any needs
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But‌‌ There were many challenges to placing Jatropha in the Indian market
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1. The Jatropha Plant was yet to be adequately supported by price and market 2. The Jatropha plantation was plagued with challenges
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The initial failures Failed plantations Use of low quality planting material Low seed yield Low oil content inin-experienced method of plantation maintenance Wrong claims Fly Fly--by night operators Lack of Human capacity building Lack of Specific training Lack of links and cooperation between main stake holders Labland, Mysore
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In the recent years/decades Jatropha has been one of the most researched plant by all concerned • Government agencies • Individual experts • Research institutes • Universities
• Small and Medium Enterprises in biotechnology • Oil processing sectors • Other large industries Labland, Mysore
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All started working • • • • • • • •
Plant Scientists Animal scientists Biochemists, Chemists, ………… Engineers Doctors Universities Colleges Schools Labland, Mysore
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The result Accumulation of large database on all aspects of Jatropha, from all over the world
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Agronomy Climatic conditions Soil conditions Plant population Water requirement Fertilizer requirement Pruning Pre- and post-harvest management of seeds Labland, Mysore
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Plant Physiology • • • • • •
Flowering Type of flowers Fruiting Number of seeds Seed maturation Harvesting period
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Taxonomy • Number of species that can contribute to breeding • Related species that can improve seed yield and oil • Taxonomic evolution of the species
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Plant Pathology Possible diseases Fungal Bacterial Viral Nematode-related Insect-related Others Disease management Labland, Mysore
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Seed Technology Seed pathology Seed handling Seed quality Seed certification Seed movement
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Plant Breeding Pure line selections Development of parental lines Varietal improvement Hybrid seed development
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Development of varieties Drought tolerant Salt tolerant Water tolerant Shade-growing Non-toxic
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Plant Biotechnology 1. Tissue Culture Varietal improvement through Tissue Culture 2. Genetic engineering 3. Development of markers
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By--product management By Organic waste from plantations Fruit rind Oil cake Glycerin utilization Pigment from the tree Medicinal properties
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The tough task is • To separate chaff from the real stuff • To understand what is true and what is false • To implement what is practical and study what is academic • Added to the problem is the use of internet to “Publish” all our “Knowledge” on Jatropha Labland, Mysore
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Fascinating and admirable factor is that almost all central government ministries are involved in leading crops like Jatropha forward to reach energy security
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Government Efforts Ministeries / Departments / Organisations Involved in biodiesel project and their roles
Planning Commission: Coordination, Overseeing, Hosting cell to serve committees. Environment & Forest Division :Coordination, Overseeing, Hosting cell to serve committees. Petroleum Division: coordination with Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas. Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas: Ensures implementation of responsibility given to it, its institutions & monitor progress
Indian Oil Corporation (R&D): Carry out studies, Collect data. Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA): Carry out studies, Collect data & Mass Awareness Programs Diesel Marketing Oil Companies Ensure facilities for transesterification, blending & marketing, monitor performance of Labland, Mysore 20-Mar-14 25 automobile engines.
Ministry of Environment & Forests Ensures implementation of plantations, gets CPCB to monitor environment and health effects, carry out decision of Coordination Committees Director General- Forests: Plantation, seed collection and oil expelling activities. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Monitor environment & health effects of emissions of bio-diesel. Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources Support studies related to bio-diesel, development of appliances to run on Jatropha oil Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd.(IREDA) Support entrepreneurs wishing to establish seed centres, esterification units and plantation. Labland, Mysore
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Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Plantation along highways, use biodiesel blended fuels. National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) Plantation along highways, use biodiesel blended fuels. Ministry of Rural Development Fix targets for plantation under IWDP and other poverty alleviation programmes/ CAPART. Department of Land Resources (DLR) Plantation, seed collection and oil expelling. Council for advancement of people's action & Rural Technology (CAPART) Nurseries/Plantation, seed collection, oil extraction through Voluntary organizations. Labland, Mysore
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• Ministry of Agriculture Ensure implementation of responsibility given to it, its institutions & monitor progress. • Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) Research in all aspects of Jatropha plantation. • Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Research in all aspects of Jatropha plantation.
• Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) ensure implementation of responsibility given to it, NOVOD & moniter progress. Labland, Mysore
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• National Oilseeds & Vegetable Oils Development Board (NOVOD) Plantation on non-forest lands and help seed collection. • Ministry of Science & Technology Ensure implementation of responsibility given to it, its institutions & monitor progress. • Department of Bio-Technology (DBT) Make available elite planting material at affordable prices. • Council for Science & Industrial Research (CSIR) Organize studies on aspects of biofuel. • Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) Carry out assigned studies. • Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Carry out assigned studies. • Indian Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC) Carry out assigned studies.
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• Ministry of Law & Justice Advise on Legal aspects of bio bio--fuel programme • Ministry of Water Resources To ensure availability of water for irrigation of plantations plantations.. • Ministry of Finance & Company Affairs Review taxation, make available resources, arrange external funding • National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development(NABARD Development( NABARD)) Support plantation, seed centers, oil expelling units units..
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• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI SIDBI)) Support plantation, seed centres centres,, oil expelling units. • Ministry of Railways Plantation along railway tracks, use biodiesel blended fuels. • Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution Ensure framing of standard specifications as needed. • Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS (BIS)) Formulate Standard Specifications for BioBio-fuels. • Ministry of Small Scale Industries & Agro & Rural Industries Seed collection and oil expelling centres centres.. Labland, Mysore
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• Khadi & Village Industries Commission ((KVIC KVIC)) Seed collection and oil expelling centres centres.. • Ministry of Industry Ensure implementation of responsibility given to it, its institutions & monitor progress. progress. • Automotive Research Assn. Assn. of India (ARAI) Carry out studies on use of biobio-fuels in engines and emissions thereof.. thereof • Ministry of Tribal Affairs Collection of seed from tribal areas. areas.
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Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED (TRIFED)) Collection of seed from tribal areas. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting Information, Education and Communication programme Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers Carrying out of required tests for engine performance and vehicle manufacturers agreement and guarantees to use biofuels.
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Some of the departments have really done wonderful Jatropha development activities • DBT • HPCL • IOCL • CREDA • KSBDB • ICRISAT and several other institutions Labland, Mysore
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Years 20062006-2012 • Jatropha remained the darling of only the Scientists and other Stakeholders just deserted her expressing their anger on her
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Year 2013 onwards • There is a renewed interest in Jatropha after the scientists and institutions started providing the real statistics and gave directions to
approach Jatropha for getting the best out
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In the meantime Labland carried out some research on Jatropha from 2003 to 2013
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Field problems
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Insect infestation
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Symptoms due to Insect attack
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Normal and Insect infested leaf
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Sap sucking insect
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ByBy-products • Fruit rind - manure • Seed cake – manure, biogas
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Jatropha Plant Tissue Culture (Patent (Patent--pending)
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Explant collection of Jatropha
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Explant collection of Jatropha
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Explant preparation of Jatropha
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Pre Pre--treatment of Jatropha explants
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Since 1994
A Comparative study of seed yield and seed oil content of Jatropha curcas
Effect of Biofertilizers on Jatropha curcas L.
Since 1994
Since 1994
Important Diseases on Jatropha curcas L.
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Since 1994
Since 1994
Since 1994
Field evaluation of genetic fidelity and agronomic performance of tissue culture generated Jatropha curcas
Different Insect Pests on Jatropha curcas
Effect of different concentrations of NPK on Growth, Seed Yield and Seed oil content in Jatropha curcas plants
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Since 1994
Occurrence of apomixis in Jatropha curcas L. accessions at Mysore
Since 1994
Hybrid seed production in Jatropha curcas L. for commercial purpose
Since 1994
Evaluation of In vitro rooting efficiency in Jatropha curcas
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Since 1994
Since 1994
Since 1994
Studies on seed germination and embryo culture of Jatropha curcas L. under in vitro conditions
Different species of Jatropha, their occurrence and special characteristics
Development of Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Markers
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Thank you
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