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shading respectively
SHADING
The reduction in solar gain by shading of windows (by means of external projections such as chajjas) can significantly reduce the heat gain and consequently the annual load. If 50% of the window areas are shaded throughout the year, the percentage load reduction is 8.9. As a first step towards shading, longer sides of a building should be oriented North- South which is preferred to minimize overall solar gain through the envelope. South-facing windows are the easiest to shade. Overhangs on southoriented windows provide effective shading by blocking summer sun and admitting winter sun. Use fixed horizontal overhangs on south-facing glass. 1m shading device can reduce cooling loads substantially. To the greatest extent possible, limit the amount of east and west glass (minimize window area) since they are harder to shade. Consider the use of landscaping to shade east and west exposures. On lower buildings, well-placed deciduous trees on the east and west will reduce summer overheating while permitting desirable winter solar gains
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Semi-outdoor spaces such as balconies (2.5m – 3m deep) can provide shade and protect interior spaces from overheating and climatic variations. At the same time, they act as wind scoops and provide a private social space for the unit. If no exterior shading is possible, a lower solar heat gain coefficient for the glazing will be mandatory To enhance natural light utilization, passive design strategies such as light shelves are very useful for deeper and uniform distribution of light (most effective on the south side of the buildings, mostly recommended in mild climates and not for tropical or desert climate).
