September 2024 Alamodoso Magazine Timberon Edition

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A local Doctor provides truly compassionate care and proven solutions for chronic pain and complicated conditions.

Care root ed in Empathy and Experience

Do you ever wonder what it is that makessome Doctors so incredibly compassionatewhile others have a bedside manner better suited for the DMV?

In the caseof Dr. Janet Quintanilla, DOM,Dipl.OM of SonomaAcupuncture Integrative Health it isa caseof true empathy. "I suffered from cluster migraines in my teens." Cluster migraines are named such for their debilitating pain that is a step above the norm. "I had migraine headaches 3-5 days a week that were so intense I was often bed ridden and would become physically sick."Being that migraineis one of those complicated conditions

A DIFFERENT

not fully understood,Dr. Quintanilla's options were prescription medications that often did not work and to make lifestyle changesto limit triggers that often causemigraine."It was no way to live," she shares"I was young and should've been living a bright vibrant life. Instead I was avoiding long exposure to fluorescent lights and doing my best to prepare for changing weather conditions.

As you can imagine,the summer heat and stormy seasonswere especially rough.

It wasn't until her primary care doctor sent her to an acupuncturist that she found relief.

"Thisis why I often refer to my practice as'The Last Resort With The Best Results.' You've been everywhere else and been given the samedisheartening prognosis,prescribed the same medications and told 'this is just something you're goingto have to learn to live with."

Soon after her incredible experiencewith the healingarts she made the life changing decisionto pursue her doctorate in acupuncture, "acupuncture quite literally savedmy life and I wanted to sharethat with the world," sheproclaims.

Your Golden Years Should Be Golden

While in school she watched as her grandmother beganto suffer from peripheralneuropathy. "Your golden years should be golden, not plagued with insufferable pain while doctors and specialiststell you there is nothing they can do."

Understanding that Eastern Medicine excelswhere Western Medicine fails,Dr. Quintanilla set forth to develop treatment protocols for all variations of Peripheral Neuropathy (including diabetic and chemotherapyinduced) and now has a 90% successrate in treating this once difficult to managecondition.

"[Dr. Quintanilla] is just such a wonderful, unique person. You mention what's bothering you and before you know it, it's gone!"

-B etty,D emingN M

BeforeWhiteOaks becameknownasthe liveliesttowninNew MexicoTerritory,the areawas�rstroamedby thePirosIndiansbefore the�erceApacheforced themout�Thoughthe regionisaridanddotted withlavarock,the Indiansfoundit abundantwithgameand madeitoneoftheir huntinggrounds�

The�rstEuropeanstotravel intotheareaweremembersof DonJuandeOnate’sexpeditionin thelate1500s,whocalledtheland Malpais,looselymeaning “badland�”

Thoughsparselypopulatedfor centuries,thatallchangedwhen prospectorsfoundgoldinthe JicarillaMountains�

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Initiallydiscoveredbyaman namedJohnWilson,allegedlyan escapeefromaTexasprison, Wilsonsharedhis�ndwithtwo friendsbythenamesofJack WintersandHarryBaxter� ThoughWintersandBaxterwere ecstatic,Wilsonhadnointerest ingoldandsoonmovedon, leavinghis�ndtohisfriends�

Wordsoonspreadofthegold �nd,andwithinayear,anew miningcamp�lledwithtentswas born�ThecampwascalledWhite Oaksafterasmallstreamlined withwhiteoaktreesnearthe community�In1880aposto�ce wasestablished,andpermanent buildingsbegantoreplacethe tentsandramblingshacks�The boomtownquicklygrew, supportingsome50di�erent businesses,includingfour newspapers,twohotels,three churches,asawmill,abank,an operahouse,liverystables,anda numberoftheever-present saloonsandgamblinghouses�

Inthemeantime,prospectors WintersandBaxterfoundedtwo claimscalledtheHomestake MineandtheSouthHomestake Mine�Themountainwherethe

goldwasfoundwascalledBaxter Mountain�Eventually,thetwo goldminerssoldtheirclaimsfor $300,000each�

Likeotherboomingmining campsoftheday,WhiteOaksis �lledwithlegendsandlore, includingthatofa“lady”bythe nameofBelleLaMar,whowas morefamiliarlyknownas “MadamVarnish�”

HailingfromMissouri,LaMar, madeherwaytotheNewMexico miningcampthatwas“hungry” forthesightofwomen�Shesoon establishedtheLittleCasino Saloon,whereshedealtfaro, roulette,andpoker�

Quicklytakingthegoldofthe manyminersinthearea,she earnedhernicknamewhenthe minerssaidshewasas“slickas varnish�”Thoughmanylosttheir hard-earnedgoldattheLittle Casino,itwasthereigningsaloon intown�Otherpopularstopsfor theminersweretheStarSaloon andOperaHouse�

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DuringWhiteOaks’earlydays, thetownwasfrequentedbythe infamousBillytheKid�Billy’s mainstompinggroundswerein Lincoln,some40mileseastof WhiteOaks,buttheKidwas knowntohangwithother roughnecksinthethrivingmining camp�lledwithsaloons,gambling parlors,andprostitutes�

AftertheLincolnCountyWar wasover,Billyandhisgangof “Rustlers”oftentargetedcattlein theWhiteOaksvicinity�Afterone attemptedtheft,thecitizensof WhiteOaksroseupinprotest, gatheredupaposse,andwent afterthegang�Thoughthey caughtupwiththeoutlawsanda gun�ghtensued,thethieveswere abletogetaway�

AlthoughWhiteOakscitizens hadmadeitknown,theywouldn’t toleratethelikesofBillytheKid andhiscohorts,threeofthe outlaws,includingBilly,Dave Rudabaugh,andBillyWilson,

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17 returnedtoWhiteOaksthe verynextevening�Flaunting themselves,Rudabaughtooka shotatdeputySheri�James Redmanjustforfun�

Theshotmissed,and Redmanranforcover�Hewas soonjoinedbyacrowdofover 30menwhoweredetermined toruntheoutlawsoutoftown, whichtheydid�Thepossethen trackedtherustlerstoaranch some40milesdistant,where yetanothergun�ghtensued, resultinginthedeathofan innocentman�Onceagain,the outlawsescaped,andsoona rewardwasplacedonBillythe Kid’shead�

Thesettlement’searlyand rapidgrowthsoondemandeda stageline,whichlinkedWhite OakstoFortStanton,San Antonio,NewMexico,Roswell, andotherdestinations� By1885,mostseedier elementshadleftWhiteOaks, andthetownsettledintoa communityoflaw-abiding

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Tom Charles Tours

September 2024

Virgo Horoscope

For those born under the Virgo zodiac sign, this month will be full of ups and downs.

In certain situations, you will need to be cautious, but in others, the month will be quite beneficial to you.

Throughoutthemonth, Jupiterwillbeintheninth house,andhisvisionwillbe onyourzodiacsign,assisting youinmakingsound decisions.Asidefromthat, thelordoftheninthhouse, Venus,willbepresentin yourzodiacsign,whichwill bringRajyogaeffects.

However,inthebeginning ofthemonth,thezodiaclord Mercurywillbeinthe eleventhhouse,whichwill helptoimprovethefinancial condition.However,theSun inthetwelfthhouseand Saturninthesixthhousewill raisethecosts.

Employeesshouldavoid gettinginvolvedinanytype ofissue.Iftheyavoiddoing so,thismonthwillbring goodemploymentsuccessand

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otherswillbeimpressed withyourlaboranddrive.

Themonthwillbebeneficialtobusinesspeople. Businesstripswillbe successful,andyouwillbe successfulinmovingyour companyforward.

Themonthwillbe modestforlove relationshipsinthefirst half,butthereisapotential ofimprovementinthe secondhalf.Youshouldnot keepanythingfromyour spouseandshouldendeavor tocompletewhateverison yourmind.

Anyconcealmentcan castdoubtonthe connection.Peoplewhoare marriedwillhavemixed results.Ontheonehand, therewillbeopportunities forloveandpassionin yourrelationship,butthere mayalsobemutual disputes,soproceedwith caution.

Thebeginningofthe monthwillbeexcellentfor health,buttheremaybe upsanddownsinthelatter half.Studentswillachieve excellentacademic performance.

Youwillfacesome difficultiesinmaintaining yourattention,butyouwill graduallygatherpaceand findyourway.

Therewillbesomelevel ofenjoymentinfamilylife. Youwillhavethesupport offamilymembers,which willassistyouinachieving successatwork.

“THE

CAT”

Notice,Ididn’tsayourcat� Nope,Isaidthecat�We didn’tadoptthecat,itjust showeduponedayinmy yardseveralyearsago, disguisedasalovablekitten�

Fortunately,itchoseaday whenmydaughterand grandkidswereheretofeed the“starvingkitten,”�sothey said�,yesfortunatelyitarrived forits�rstvisitwhilemy grandkidswereplayinginthe yard,luckilyavoidingmy usualgreetingforstraycats anddogs,

“Git,youmangyvarmint�”

Nowallyoucatlovers sheatheyourclaws,I’ve su�eredthruin-doorcats,�I didmytime�,fortunatelyI’m overthatphase�Mywife,my kidsandgrandkidsknowmy

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policy,�cruelgrandpa�,no indoorcats�

Afterbeingfed,thecat decidednottoleave,hey,free meals,anyway,itadoptedus�

It’snowo�ciallyour outdoorcat�Yes,I’vepaidfor spayingthecat,buycatfood forthecateachmonth,forit’s visitingfriends,messybirds, andanythingelselookingfora freemeal�

Wintertime,Iinstalleda heatingpadinitscathouse,I builtwithmyowngrimylittle hands,coachedbymy sympathetic,naggingwife� Thegrandkidsnamedthecat, “Nelson”orsomethingor other,Iforgot,Ijustcallit“the cat�”

Thecatdisappearsevery nowandthen,gettingmy hopesupthatithasadopted another,moreamiablefamily downthestreet�

But,sadly,italwaysshows upafewdayslater�Onceit

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23 wasgonethreedays�Iwaselated untilIwalkedbymyshedand heardsomemeowingfrominside� Ihad,unknowingly,lockedthe snoopycatinmyshed�Mywife stillthinksIknewwhatIwas doing�

HereitisSaturdaymorning,a dayofleisureforme,Ichoosea goodmovietowatch,everybody elseisstillinbed,relaxinmy reclinerwithahotcupofco�ee,I glanceoutmywindow,and there’s“thecat”eyeingmefrom thebenchonourfrontporch, afteralongnightofprowling, wantingmeto�llitsbowlwith catfood�

NowIthoughtcatsarenot supposedtoseethruwindows, butthereitwas,silentlymeowing� Dang�Norestforthewicked�

Yes,I’vetriedseveraltimesto givethecatawaybut,notakers sofar�It’sa“Tabby”ifanyifyou outthereareinterested�Tiger stripes,nicecat,don’teatmuch, notmuchtrouble,canseethru windows,smartasawhip� Messageme�

Open a Bible to Genesis Chapter 23.

Here we see one of the oldest deeds ever recorded. Abraham had just lost Sarah. Far from home and family, he finds himself in need of a burial plot. So he goes to the Children of Heth and offers to buy a field and a cave from a fellow named Ephron. Ephron agrees to sell to Abraham for 400 pieces of silver.

“And Abraham listened to Ephron, and Abraham weighed out the silver for Ephron which he had named in the hearing of the sons of Hĕth, four hundred sheqels of silver, currency of the merchants. Thus the field of Ephron which was in Makpĕlah, which was before Mamrĕ, the field and the cave which was in it, and all the trees that were in

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45

the field, which were within all the surrounding borders, were deeded to Abraham as a possession in the presence of the sons of Hĕth, before all who went in at the gate of his city. And after this Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Makpĕlah, before Mamrĕ, that is Hebron, in the land of Kenaʽan. Thus the field and the cave that is in it were deeded to Abraham by the sons of Hĕth as property for a burial site.” (Gen. 23.16-20)

If you’re familiar with the Bible, you understand the story that just unfolded with the purchase of this property. The deeds we read in the deed room give us the same information today.

For instance, we find in Gen. 23 that Abraham was widowed. We see he paid for the property in cash. We understand that the legal boundaries of the property are the field, as well as the cave at the end of the field.

We know the state, city and county the property is located in. These days, we call this a legal description.

The passage also states that Ephron conveyed lumber rights to Abraham in this purchase.

"TO HEAR OR NOT TO HEAR"

Recollections of Junior Thurman,Artesia, NM

Growingoldhasits disadvantages, unfortunately,and sadly,myhearing problempreventsme fromhearingand participatinginmy wife'sanddaughters gossipsessions� A regular"hen"party�

I'lladmitit,myhearing,"ain'twhat itusedtobe�They'rehavingagrand oldtimetalking,�gossiping�,and laughing,whileI'mdoingmybestto ignorethemandtrytokeepupwith withMattDillon,Festus,andMiss Kittyon"Gunsmoke�"

Yes,you'vegottahaveyour priorities�Idomissafewimportant thingsoccasionally,butyouhaveto admit,ittakesalotofweedingthru,

What Is Huitlacoche

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45

andanattentiveeartosortthruthe gossip,andseparatetheimportantinfo�

Fortunately,mywifeknowswhen I'vegoneintomyignoringmode,and triestohighlighttheimportantgossip formybene�t�

"Didyouhearthat?"

"What?"

"Yoursisterheadedhomefrom Carlsbad,NewMexico,toArtesia,and endedupinElPaso�TheStatepolice hadtocallhersontocomegether�She wasconfusedandhadnoideawhere shewas�"

"Doggone�”

Occasionally,mywifeforgets,and neglectspassingonimportanteventsto me�

"GuessI'dbettertakeLuthersrototillerback,he'llbeworriedaboutit�"

"What",mywifesays,"Luthergot throwninjailthreeweeksago, accordingtoMabel,hewassentenced tosixmonthsforDUI,IthoughtItold you�"

"Damn�"

Iattributemyhearingproblemto "industrialhearingloss,"usuallyreferred tobywomenas"selectivehearing�"I wasindenialforseveralyears,angrily accusingmywifeandothersof "mutteringincoherently",whileI nodded,pretendingIunderstood� FinallyImadethedecisiontopurchase thehearingaids�Tomysurprise,Ican nowhearmuchbetter,notaswellasI usedto,butbetter�Ifaithfullyputthem ineverymorning,�rstthing,andtake themoutatbedtimeeachnight�

I'llconfess,Idohavetoreverttothe selectivehearingprogramonmy hearingaidsattimes,asamethodof �lteringoutunwantedmessages, sometimesreferredtoas"Wife:spam�"I

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haveseveralagedfriends,won't mentionanynames,whoalsowear hearingaids�However,theydon't usethemallthetime,andwillturn thevolumedownoro�,andend upsayingtheword"huh"alot�It's irritatingattimes,tryingtocarry onaconversationwiththem� Seemslikethey'rejusttryingto ignoreyou����and,someofthem aren'tevenmarried������

Mywifehasafriend,Nancy, wholivesinOklahomaCity,who callsaboutonceamonth,andthey spendabouttwohours,"catching up�"Many,many,manythings arediscussed,noneofwhichIcan catchwhileI'minmyselective hearingmode�

Acoupleofhourslaterand �nallycaughtup,mywife'shand almostparalyzedfromclenching thephone,they�nishtheirlong conversation� Helpingherpry herhandand�ngersfromaround thephone,Isay,"Well,whatdid Nancyhavetosay?" Mywife says,"aw,nothingmuch,justcalled toseehowwe'redoing�"

??????Howcanyoutalkthat longandnothaveanythingtosay�?

Calledforjurydutyseveralyears ago,Irememberthejudgechoosing jurors,hesaid,"doesanyonehere haveanyreasonwhytheycan't serveasajuror?"

Oneoldmanraisedhishand, thejudgesaid,"yessir,what'syour problem? Theoldmansaid,"I can'thearverywell,yourhonor�" Thejudgesaid,"well,you're excusedfromjuryduty�Didyou hearthat?" Theoldmansaid, "justbarely,yourhonor,justbarely�"

Oneagedfriendinparticular, pointingtohisear,saidheboughta pairofstateofthearthearingaids for$4,000�Saidtheyweregreat�I askedhim,"whatkindisit"?,he said"it's11:30"�

"ONCE A MECHANIC"

Recollections of Junior Thurman,Artesia, NM

Yep, my dad was a mechanic, back in the old days.

I'm talkin about the days when you could open the hood of a car with a pair of pliers and a screwdriver, prop it up with a broomstick and quickly identify the battery, carburetor, the starter, the spark plugs, the distributor, and the alternator.

Looking back, those were the good old days, gone now. You now have to have a map to locate any of those items under the hood, and, listen to this, they may not even be there anymore!

I, for one, miss the old days when we could actually work on our own cars. We all had our own tool boxes, in case of a breakdown, and there were plenty of those.

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Continued from page 30

We all drove old clunkers, times were hard, couldn't afford a new car. Asense of accomplishment, but, sadly, those days are gone.

Recently my wife went out to start her car one morning, and nothing.....

"My car won't start." She informed me, interrupting my busy morning watchin "Gunsmoke" on TV.

Hmmmm......... "No problem," I said, it had been a while since my mechanical knowledge had been put to the test...Mr. Handyman....

"Probably the battery. I'll check it out." I told my wife. Ha, guess what? There was no battery under the hood. I searched for thirty minutes. What the bleep......

"I can't find the bleepin battery, the damn things not in there! How in the world can a car run without a battery?" I asked my wife.....Alright, not one to give up, I dug thru the glove compartment, "who named it the glove compartment?" There were no gloves, but the manual was there, hidden underneath all the junk my wife could gather in several years, among them, a few unidentifiables, but mostly junk, some old bobby pins, and hair curlers....hair curlers???, plus a couple of packages of peanut butter cheese crackers.

Afew hours later, munching on cheese crackers, reading thru the owners manual, I learned some lunatic, who had

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Continued from page32

apparently escaped from a mental institution, had hired on with the auto company, worked his way up to designer, and had hidden the battery in a compartment in the floorboard behind the front passenger seat.

And, get this, you had to have a special screwdriver to access the battery. This guy's probably still on the loose out there somewhere, acting like a normal person. I think he's also the guy that hid the jack, and invented the donut spare. Hmm. I marked my place in the owners manual with a bobby pin and went searching for that special screwdriver.

Yes, I'll have to admit, I was once a shade tree mechanic. My first car was a 1951 Ford, well used, and saved from a wrecking yard by me, and forty hard earned dollars.After a few tire repairs, radiator repair with "Bar's Leak", a jump start, some gasoline and starting fluid sprayed into the carburetor, it exploded into a sustained racket, music to my ears. When most of the smoke finally cleared, I was the proud owner of a running car, hittin on most of the cylinders, a huge step up in life for

a teenager. I had wheels.

But, my mechanic'in days are over. I still exhibit a little car savvy, shopping for a new car, in an effort to impress the car salesman, let him know I'm not just another pretty face.

"Well, lets have a look under the hood." I tell the salesman, I don't know why, I can't find anything on the new cars anyway, but, that's what we all said back in the old days,

"Lets have a look under the hood." Once the hood was raised, a quick examination, everything seems to be in the right place, "nice radiator," I say, at least one familiar sight, a couple of uh huhs, and, I sees, we closed the hood, walked around and kicked the

tires a couple of times. I think in the old days, they kicked the tires to see if any parts fell off the car. Failing to detect any defects while kicking the tires, we had a look in the trunk. No bodies.

Yes, the old ways are truly gone, blown away with the New Mexico wind.....

"My car won't start!" My wife says.

"Call the mechanic!" I say.... ....."I'm watching Gunsmoke."

TULAROSA FREIGHTERS

In 1880, the Victorio War raged across southern New Mexico and hundreds of settlers were killed by Victorio's Apache warriors.

The brave men of Tularosa knew the dangers, but still they freighted goods into the village. For years I have searched for and relocated the old wagon roads leading into Tularosa. I have walked many miles of these old wagon roads and still do.

I can appreciate the isolation and dangers these early "truck drivers" faced as they left loved ones behind

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and worried about possible attacks by Apaches.

The wagon roads led to Anton Chico, Fort Stanton, El Paso, Las Cruces, Fort Craig, and Paraje, below San Antonio. Traces of many of these early wagon roads can still be seen and the old watering places, like Tecolote Well and Pinos Wells, were located on early maps and can be found and revisited.

After years of explorations, I wanted to know the names of the Tularosa folks that rode these lonely and dangerous trails. I found them listed in the 1880 census schedules.

In 1880, most Tularosans were farmers if male and "keeping house" if female. Yet, some, like me, rather face a violent death on a lonely wagon road than be a farmer. The following are the ones from Tularosa who made a living freighting goods.

Many worked for the Blazer sawmill and hauled lumber to El Paso. Others brought commodities like coffee, sugar, and dry goods.

The freighters in 1880 Tularosa were Jose Martinez, Ladislado Borunda, Julian Gallegos Chaves, Perfecto Telles, Epifanio Padilla, Benito Montoya, Tiburcio Duran, Eduardo Cadena, Emeterio Prado, Rosalio Molina, Gonzales, Martin Gonzales, Gavilán? Coninda, Teofila Domingo, Serapio Marquez, & Juan Chavarilla.

Now, our village is small and our past close. My next

door neighbor, Richard Gutierres, once told me that Victorio killed his grandfather. I verified that for on September 5, 1880, Francisco Baca was killed about where 16th Street and North Florida Street intersect in Alamogodo.

His great grandfather was Ladislado Borunda who is on our 1880 list. And Richard's wife, Eliza, who was 91 years old, told me that her grandfather was Bonito Montoya who also freighted in 1880. Her grandmother, Virginia Rodriques, was born in Tularosa in 1867 and fed Billy the Kid when he was jailed in Tularosa, likely April 26,1880, when Billy passed through on his way back to Lincoln to hang.

This story honors the memory of these brave Tularosa family men who traveled the lonely wagon roads and braved the elements and Victorio's Warriors and brought home the bacon. And, I would like to think, a bag of candy or toy for the little ones.

TheKid,then13-year-old HenryMcCarty,andhis half-brotherJoseph,age10, attendedthe�rstpublic schoolsemesterinSilver City,NewMexico�

ThetermranfromJanuary5to March28,1874�SilverCity’s municipalcoderestricted attendancetostudents6to16� SilverCityresidentLouisAbraham laterrecalled:“Iwenttoschool withBillytheKid…�Ialwaysknew BillyasHenryMcCarty�”Another boyhoodfriendrememberedthat Henry“wasonlyasmallboy,small forhisageandkindofskinny�”Still anotherschoolmatelaterremarked thatHenry“wasundersizedand reallygirlishlooking�Idon’tthink heweighedover75pounds�”

Incontrast,Joseph,threeyears younger,was“largerandvery husky�Helookedtobeayearand ahalfortwoolderthanHenry�” Thisstrikingdi�erenceinphysical characteristicsstronglysuggests thatHenryandJosephhad di�erentfathers�Indeed,inAugust 1882,theAlbuquerqueEvening ReviewreportedthatJosephwas BillytheKid’shalf-brother�

BillytheKidhad alwaysadmiredgood horse�eshandhewas proudtoownoneofthe �nesthorsesinthe territory,aracingmare outofTexasstock�

Unfortunately,history neverlearnedthename ofBilly’sfavoritehorse, heonlyreferredtoheras “mybaymare,”andthat shewashismostprized possession�

PatGarrettoncegavea descriptionofthemareasbeing “…celebratedforherspeed,bottom �slangtermforstamina�,and beauty�”

WhenBillywascapturedat StinkingSpringsbySheri�Garrett, themareendedupinthehandsof possememberFrankStewart� PopularbeliefwasthatBillygave Stewartthehorse,butmostlikely Sheri�Garrettcon�scatedthe outlawsbelongingsanddivviedit upamonghispossemen�Garrett keptBillyWilson'sgunandwould laterusethatguntokillBilly203

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dayslater�

I'msureifBillywantedtogive hispossessionsaway,especially hisbelovedhorse,itwould've beenoneofhisfriendsinFort Sumnerandnotmembersofthe possethatkilledtwoofhisbest friendsandcapturedhim�Also, daysearlieratYerby'sranch, Garretthadcon�scatedapairof mulesofBilly'sanddeclaredthat itwashisrightassheri�to con�scateoutlaws'property,so whywouldthecaptureat StinkingSpringsbeanydi�erent�

Anyway,FrankStewart becametheproudownerofwhat Garrettdescribed"the�eetest horseintheterritory�"

However,theownershipwas shortlived,Stewartgavethemare asagifttoMrs�MinnieMoore �wifeofhisfriendScottMoore�� Shenamedthemare“Kid StewartMoore�"

Themarewaskeptatthe MooreranchnearAlbuquerque andwhetherornotthehorse livedoutherdaysthereor eventuallysoldisn’tknown�The lastthingeversaidaboutherwas onApril29th1883,whena ranch-handnamedIkeJohnson, triedtocatchherinalargecorral� Astheanimaldashedaround,she kickedJohnsoninthefaceand severelyfracturinghisskull�The manreportedlysurvived�

Whilebehindbars,Billystill dependedonhisbaymare�After hisconviction,Billyneeded moneyforanappeal,sohewrote alettertoEdgarCaypless,aLas Vegasattorneythathadtakenan interestinBilly'splight�Hewas alsoDaveRudabaugh'sattorney�

Billywrote:

"DearSir

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courtesy of Tyler Florence on Food network

Iwouldhavewrittenbeforethis butcouldgetnopaper�MyUnited Statescasewasthrownoutofcourt andIwasrushedtotrialonmy TerritorialCharge�Wasconvicted ofmurderinthe�rstdegreeand amtobehangedonthe13thof May�Mr�A�J�Fountainwas appointedtodefendmeandhas donethebesthecouldforme�He iswillingtocarrythecasefurtherif Icanraisethemoneytobearhis expense�ThemareisaboutallIcan dependonatpresentsohopeyou willsettlethecaserightawayand givehimthemoneyyougetforher� Ifyoudonotsettlethematterwith ScottMooreandhavetogoto courtaboutit,eithergivehim �Fountain�themareorsellherat auctionandgivehimthemoney� Pleasedoashewishesinthe matter�Iknowyouwilldothebest youcanformeinthis�Ishallbe takentoLincolntomorrow�Please writeanddirectcaretoGarrett sheri��ExcusebadwritingIhave myhandcu�son�Iremainasever�

YoursRespect-

W�H�Bonney"

Billyneverheardback,but apparentlyCayplessdidgetaround topursuingthecaseandonJuly26, 1881,hewonajudgementof$50 dollarsforthemareinSanMiguel Countycourt�Unfortunately,Billy wasnolongerinneedofthe money����hewaskilled13days earlierinFortSumner�

DuringCaypless�ling,wegeta detaileddescriptionofthemare:

"���onebaymareabout�fteen handshighwithwhitestaron forehead,branded-7onleft shoulder,whichsaidmareis generallyknownanddescribedas 'BillytheKid'smare'andwhich formerlyownedbyWilliam Bonneyalias'BillytheKid'which saidpropertyisunlawfullywithheld fromhim�"

42 The Domino Game of the American Southwest

IntheremotecommunityofPie Town,NewMexico,theyear1940 paintedapictureofresilienceand simplicity�Mrs�Caudillandher daughterlivedinahumbledugout, atestamenttothehardinessof frontierlife�Amidstthedustand isolation,theCaudills'homebecame abeaconofsocialactivity,especially duringthecoldwinternights�

TheCaudillspossessedoneofthe fewradiosintheirneighborhood,a luxurythatbroughtthemasteady streamofmusicandnews�Butit wasn'tjusttheallureoftheradio thatdrewneighborstotheirdugout� Asigni�cantpartofthecommunal gatheringswasthegameofForty Two,adominogamethatbecamea

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cherishedpastimeamongthe farmersandtheirfamilies�

TheGameofFortyTwo

FortyTwoisatrick-taking gameplayedwithastandardset ofdouble-sixdominoes�

OriginatinginTexasinthelate 19thcentury,itbecameespecially popularintheAmerican Southwest,includingrural communitieslikePieTown�The gameisoftencomparedtocard gameslikebridgeorspadesbut usesdominoesinstead�

HowtoPlayFortyTwo

1�**PlayersandTeams:**Forty Twoisplayedbyfourplayers, dividedintotwoteams�Partners sitoppositeeachother�

2�**TheDominoes:**Adoublesixsetof28dominoesisused� Eachplayerdrawsseven dominoes�

3�**Bidding:**Thegamebegins witharoundofbidding�Players bidonthenumberofpointsthey believetheirteamcanwininthe upcominghand�Bidsrangefrom 30to42points�Theplayerwith thehighestbidbecomesthe "bidder"anddeclaresthetrump suit�

4�**ThePlay:**Thebidderleads the�rsttrick�Playersmustfollow suitifpossible;iftheycannot, theycanplayanydomino�The highestdominoofthesuitled winsthetrickunlessatrumpis played�Thewinnerofthetrick leadsthenextone�

5�**Scoring:**Pointsare awardedbasedonthenumberof trickswonandspeci�c dominoes�Eachtrickisworth onepoint,andthereareseven pointspossibleineachhand�The gameistypicallyplayedtoa predeterminednumberofpoints, often250�

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TheSocialAspect

InthecontextofPieTown,Forty Twowasmorethanjustagame;it wasasocialglue�TheCaudill dugoutbecameawarmhavenon winternightswhereneighbors gatheredtosharestories,laughter, andacompetitivespirit�Thegame providedasenseofnormalcyand community,areprievefromthe hardshipsofrurallife�

Theradio,withitscrackling broadcasts,o�eredasoundtrackto theseevenings�Newsofthewider worldmixedwithlocalgossip,and musicprovidedabackdroptothe livelygame�Thecombinationof moderntechnologyandtraditional gamescreatedauniqueblendof pastandpresent,re�ectingthe transitionalnatureofAmerican societyatthetime�

Conclusion

FortyTwo,thoughperhapsnot widelyknowntoday,playeda signi�cantroleinthesocialfabricof communitieslikePieTown,New Mexico,inthe1940s�Itbrought peopletogether,fostering connectionsandproviding entertainmentduringchallenging times�TheCaudills'dugout,withits radioanddominoes,wasa microcosmofruralAmericanlife, wheresimplepleasuresand communalbondswerecherished aboveall�

Benefits of Honey:

HelpswithAllergies

Oneofthebestusesofhoney hastodowithallergies�Whenit comestopeskyseasonalallergies, aswellasthosecausedbypetsor dustmites,thisgoldenliquidmay beoneofthebestremediesto treatsymptoms�Honeyhas variousanti-in�ammatory characteristicsthat�ghtallergy symptoms�Moreover,itnaturally helpstoprotectagainstspeci�c allergens;inaway,it'savaccine itselfbecauseitcontainsatrace amountofpollen�Youshould consumeitraw,local,and primarilyorganic�Makesureto consultyourdoctorbefore consuminghoneyforallergy�

BoostsEnergy

Monotonous,repetitive,static� Thoseareallwordsthatdescribe modernlifestyles,onesthatconsist ofwakingup,goingtotheo�ce, gettingbackhome,eatingaquick dinner,andrushingo�tobed� Ourdailyroutinescanleaveus feelingoverworkedandtired� That'swherehoneycomesin handy:itcannaturallyboostour energylevels,givingustheforce neededtocarryoutourtasksand responsibilities�Honeycontains highlevelsofcarbohydrates,as wellasglucoseandfructose,

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whichenterourbloodstream,giving usaninstantboostofenergy�Adda teaspoonofhoneytoyourmorning teaforanaturalenergyboost�

AidsIntellectualDevelopment

Doyoufeelasifyoutendtoforget themostbasicofdetails,suchas relevantdates,names,andeven birthdays?Doyou�ndyourself unabletoformaclearchainof thought,orunabletocomeupwith new,creativeideas?Ifso,honey mighthelpyouinfomentingyour artisticabilitybyprovidingthebrain withmoreenergytothinkand processthoughts�Thismagicfood canalsoimprovememorybyhelping yourbraintorecoverthoughtsfaster� Honeycontainsantioxidantsthat helpthecellsofthebraintothrive andstayingreatshape�

FightsCough

Oneofthemostsigni�cantbene�ts ofhoneyisitsabilitytotreatthe commoncoldaswellasmanyofits mostcommonsymptoms,including acough�Whetheryou'resu�ering fromadryorwetcough,honeycan helpreduceirritabilityaswellaspain anddiscomfort�Justmixsomehoney intoyourcupoftea,anddrink� Optionally,youcanconsumea tablespoonofrawhoney;thisactsas acoughsyrup,butatastierand sweeterone�Remembernottogive rawhoneytoinfants�

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ActsasaSleepAid

Manyofusareunabletogeta goodnight'srest,eitherbecauseour internalclockisn'tcorrectlytunedor becausewedon'ttaketherightsteps tomakesleepmorecomfortable�For example,youshouldn'twatchTVfor halfanhourbeforebed�Youneedto stayo�yoursmartphone,too�Lucky forus,honeycannaturallyinduce sleepaswellasimprovesleep quality�Honeyactsasasleepaid becauseitsrichcontenthelpstoraise insulinlevels,whichinturnrelease serotonin�Thissubstanceconvertsto melatonin,whichisacritical componentincreatingsleep�

BalancestheBody

Honeyhasbeenusedforalong timeacrosstheworldforitsnatural properties,whicharebelievedto givegoodhealthandstability�The samegoesforthemind,which greatlybene�tsfromhoney's inherentenergy-boostingcapability� IntheAyurvedicculture,honeyis believedtobalancethebody,andin theprocess,improvewell-beingand eyesight�Otherpracticalbene�tsare alsoreported,includingweightloss aswellasprotectionagainstnausea� That'swhythebene�tsofhoneyare oftenusedintandemwithother herbalremedies�

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Antibacterial

Ifyougetacutonyourskin,what's the�rstthingyoudo?Well,formost ofusatleast,rushingtothebathroom cabinetforsomerubbingalcohol seemsnatural�Surprisingly,honeyis alsoantibacterial,makingitagreat alternativetorubbingalcohol�Apply honeyontotheskintoprotect againstinfection�Likewise,honeycan beappliedtothefacttotreatacne andotherskinconditions�Moreover, honeyiscomposedmainlyofsimple sugars,whichdrytheskin,helpingto treatcutsandotherailments�Besure torinsetheskinwithwarmwater andsoapafterusinghoney�

DigestionHelp

Honeyo�erstheabilitytopromote properdigestionandoptimal intestinalhealth�That'sbecausehoney isrichinfriendly,gut-helping bacteria�Thisbacteria,knownas probiotics,isalsoinyogurts�Ithelps theguttodigestfood,anditcaneven protectagainstcertaindiseases� Honeycontainslactobacilliaswellas bi�dobacteria,which,when combined,cansigni�cantlyimprove stomachhealth�Consumehoneywith yogurtforanaturalhealthboostfor

continues page 54

CARRIZOZO’S GUMBY CONNECTION

Gumbyisayounggreen clayhumanoidfigure createdbyArtClokey�He isthemainprotagonistof theanimatedserieswith thesamename�

Hewasanimatedusing stop-motionclayanimation�

Hefirstappearedinthe originalshort"MoonTrip"�

Hewasoriginallyvoiced byDallasMcKennon�Before that,hewasvoicedbyRuth Eggleston�inthe1956 episodes�,andinthelate1960s,hewasvoicedby NormaMacMillan�

Gumbywasinspiredfrom asuggestionfromClokey's torycontinuespage69

thestomach�Naturalandun�ltered honeyboaststhehighestlevelsof probiotics,makingthemagreat alternative�

CreatesHealthySkin

Ifyouareconcernedaboutyour skin,looknofurther;honeyisa godsendforgoodskin�Itimproves tightness,moisturizes,andcreates radiant,younger-lookingskin�Because ofitsnourishingproperties,honeyhas beenusedforalongtimeasanallnaturalskintreatment�Forpeople withwrinklyskin,applyhoneyasa facemask;itsbindingcapabilitiescan helptoreducesignsofaging� Moreover,itcanhelpreduce blemishes�Bestofall,theantibacterial bene�tsofhoney�ghtacneandother bacteria�

Honeybeesmakehoney fromnectar,whichisasugary liquidproducedby�owers� Throughoutthesummerand intofall,workerbees�yfrom �owerto�owersuckingup thenectarthroughtheir hollowproboscis�whichis basicallyatonguethatactslike astraw��

Theworkerbeespersistwith collectingthenectarforsometime, whichgoesintotheirsecond “honey”stomach,”astheycancarry uptohalftheirbodyweightin nectarbeforetheyhavetogoback totheirhive�

Whentheyreturn,thesebees regurgitatethenectarbeforeit’s passedaroundbetweenfellow workerbees,whichhelpstoreduce theliquid’swatercontent�

Oncethewatercontentdropsto 18percent,moldandbacteriacan’t growandthenectarbecomeshoney, whichtheworkerbeespushinto waxchambers�

Overthecourseoftheirlifetime,it takes12beestomakejustone singleteaspoonofhoney�

Theseinsultsarefroman erabeforetheEnglish languagegotboileddown to4-letterwords�Insults then,hadsomeclass�

1�"Iamenclosingtwoticketstothe �rstnightofmynewplay;

Bringafriend,ifyouhaveone�"

GeorgeBernardShawto WinstonChurchill�

"Cannotpossiblyattend�rstnight,I willattendthesecond���Ifthereis one�"

-WinstonChurchill,inresponse�

2�AmemberofParliamentto Disraeli:"Sir,youwilleitherdieon thegallows,orofsomeunspeakable disease�"

·"Thatdepends,Sir,"said Disraeli,"whetherIembraceyour policiesoryourmistress�"

Turning 65? Medicare Questions? See Dorris

3�"Hehaddelusionsofadequacy�" -WalterKerr

4�"Ihaveneverkilledaman,butI havereadmanyobituarieswithgreat pleasure�"

-ClarenceDarrow

5�"Hehasneverbeenknowntousea wordthatmightsendareadertothe dictionary�"

-WilliamFaulkner�aboutErnest Hemingway��

6�"Thankyouforsendingmeacopyof yourbook;I'llwastenotimereading it�"

-MosesHadas

7�"Ididn'tattendthefuneral,butIsent anicelettersayingIapprovedofit�"

-MarkTwain

8�"Hehasnoenemies,butisintensely dislikedbyhisfriends��"

-OscarWilde

9�"Ifeelsomiserablewithoutyou;it's almostlikehavingyouhere�"

-StephenBishop

10�"Heisaself-mademanand worshipshiscreator�"

-JohnBright

11�"I'vejustlearnedabouthisillness� Let'shopeit'snothingtrivial�"

-IrvinS�Cobb

12�"Heisnotonlydullhimself;heis thecauseofdullnessinothers�"

-SamuelJohnson

13�"Heissimplyashiverlookingfor aspinetorunup�"

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57

14�"Inordertoavoidbeingcalleda �irt,shealwaysyieldedeasily�"

-Charles,CountTalleyrand

15�"Helovesnatureinspiteof whatitdidtohim�"

-ForrestTucker

16�"Whydoyousittherelooking likeanenvelopewithoutanyaddress onit?"

-MarkTwain

17�"Hismothershouldhavethrown himawayandkeptthestork�"

-MaeWest

18�"Somecausehappiness wherevertheygo;others,whenever theygo�"

-OscarWilde

19�"Heusesstatisticsasadrunken manuseslamp-posts���Forsupport ratherthanillumination�"

-AndrewLang�1844-1912�

20�"HehasVanGogh'searfor music�"

-BillyWilder

21�"I'vehadaperfectlywonderful evening�Butthiswasn'tit�"

-GrouchoMarx�

22�"HehasallthevirtuesIdislike andnoneofthevicesIadmire�"

JanClaytonwasbornon August26,1917inTularosa, theonlychildoftwo schoolteachers�She graduatedfromTularosa HighSchoolin1935and studiedmusicanddramaat GulfParkCollegefor WomeninGulfport,Miss�

ClaytonwasaMetro-GoldwynMayerstarletintheearly1940s, appearinginseveral�lms,noneof themparticularlynotable,exceptfor anunbilledrolein1948asasinging inmateinTheSnakePit�She appearedintheroleofJulieJordanin theoriginal1945Broadway productionofRodgersand Hammerstein'sclassicCarousel� Claytoncanbeheardontheoriginal castrecordingsofbothCarousel �1945�andthe1946Broadway revivalofKern's1927musicalplay ShowBoat�TheShowBoatalbum wasthe�rstAmericanproductionof theshowtoberecordedwithits originalcast��citationneeded�

In1954,Claytonwasoneofthe manygueststarsinatelevision spectaculartributetoRodgersand Hammerstein,TheGeneralFoods

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25thAnniversaryShow,whichfeatured allthethen-survivingstars�except AlfredDrake�ofalltheclassic Broadwaymusicalsthattheteamhad written�1943–1954��ClaytonandJohn Raitt,infullmakeupandcostume, performed"IfILovedYou"�alsoknown astheBenchScene�fromCarousel� Claytonduringthisperiodalsoplayed herselfinanappearanceonPeter Lawford'sNBCsitcomDearPhoebe�

WhilestarringinShowBoat,Clayton metRobertLerner,anheirtothe women'sclothingshopsbearinghis name�Theyweremarriedandmoved toCalifornia,whereLernerattended LoyolaLawSchoolandClayton concentratedonmothering�"Wehad threechildreninthreeyears",shesaidin a1976interviewwithPeoplemagazine� "ThencameLassie";"ItookitbecauseI wasdyingtowork�"

ClaytonbecameknowntoTV audiencesasthemotherofJe�Miller �TommyRettig�onthetelevisionseries Lassie�a�k�a�Je�'sCollieinsyndication reruns��Claytonplayedthe�rstfour seasonsofLassie,fromSeptember1954 toDecember1957,asEllenMiller,a

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warwidowlivingonherfather-in-law's farmwithherpreteenson,Je�,andher latehusband'scantankerousoldfather, Gramps�playedbytheCanadian-born GeorgeCleveland��

TherewereonlyafewtimesinLassie whenClaytonsang,mostnotablyinthe episode"TheGypsys"�Season2,Ep�15� inwhichshesangthesong"Marushka"�

DespiteLassiedoingwellwiththe TVaudiences,TommyRettigsought releasefromhiscontractinthepopular series'fourthseason�Claytonquitthe productionaswellatthattime�"My homelifewasbeingabsolutely wrecked,"sheexplained�"Ihadfour childrenandahusband,andIwas alwaysworking"�

Claytonappearedinonlyonemore Lassieepisodeafterthosecastchanges� In"Timmy'sFamily",broadcast originallyinDecember1957,she guest-starredinasupportingroleto Lassie'snewfamily�

FollowingherdeparturefromLassie, Claytonin1959starredinaTVpilot calledTheJanClaytonShow,asitcom

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inwhichsheportrayedacollegeEnglish teacher�Sheproducedandstarredthenext yearinTheBrownHorse,another proposedseriesaboutawomantryingto payforherdaughter'scollegetuitionby workinginaSanFranciscorestaurant� Then,in1961,sheagainstarredina comedypilotbasedonBessStreeter Aldrich'sbookCheersforMissBishop� Noneofthosethreepilotswasever "pickedup"orpurchasedbyasponsorfor productionasaweeklyseries�

Claytonalsoperformedinthe1961 episode"ThePrairieStory"onNBC's WagonTrain�Theepisode,writtenbyJean Holloway,examineshowtheharshprairie causeshavocinthelivesofsomeofthe womenonthewagontrain�Robert Hortonstarredinthisepisode,whichaired threemonthsafterthedeathofWard Bond�

Inthe1962episode"St�LouisWoman" onNBC'sTheTallMan,Clayton performedintheroleofJanetHarper,a widowengagedtoTomDavis�CanadianbornRussConway�,afriendofSheri�Pat Garrett�BarrySullivan��WhileTomis awayfromLincoln,NewMexico,the settingofTheTallMan,onacattledrive,

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Janetbeginstoshowaromantic interestinGarrett�RogerMobley appearsinthisepisodeasDavid Harper,Janet'syoungson�

In1964,shegueststarredon Gunsmoke,wonderfullyportraying “ClaraWright”,awidowwhose husbandconfessestomurderin S9E28’s“Bently”�

Ofnote,astheGunsmoke episode“Bentley”ends,“Chester Goode”respectfullyescorts“Clara Wright”tothestage,makingJan Claytonthelastactorofnote�save forsomeunknowntownspeople� tobeseenonscreenwithMarshall Dillon’sbelovedfriend,asthis markedactorDennisWeaver’s �nalmomentontheTVWestern Series�Shereturnedtotheseriesin 1965,playing“MaryRice”,a motherwithailingwithscurvy whosacri�cestreatmentinorder tosaveherson,ailingaswellwith thesamedisease,in“GiltGuilt”

Inthe1970sClaytonbegan receivingtreatmentforher alcoholism�"Mydrinkinggot worseaftermydaughterdied,"she

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explainedinher1976People interview�"BeforethatIwasasocial drinker�Buteventhenafterafew drinksI'dgetthesillies,thenthecries and�nallythemeanies�"Shejoined AlcoholicsAnonymousin1970and helpedcounselotheralcoholicsonhow toreclaimtheirlives�EveryThursday sheworkedasavolunteeranswering thephonefortheAlcoholismCouncil ofGreaterLosAngeles,whereshelater becameaboardmemberinthe organization�JanClaytonhelpedcreate the"JanClaytonCenterforAlcohol andDrugRecovery"whichopenedin 1978andprovideslong-term residentialtreatmentforindividuals withalcoholanddrugrelatedproblems�

ShegottochristenaGoodyear blimp,the"VolunteerVI",becauseof herroleinThisMan'sNavy�1945�,a movieaboutNavyblimps�

DroveaRollsRoyceinherlater yearswiththepersonalizedlicense platesthatread"JanWho"�

JanClaytondiedofcancerinWest Hollywood,California,onAugust28, 1983,justtwodaysafterher66th birthday�SheisinterredatFairview CemeteryinTularosa,NewMexico�

Claytonwasposthumouslyinducted intotheNewMexicoEntertainment HallofFamein2012�

HEROES

wifethathebasehischaracter offTheGingerbreadMan� Gumbywasgreenbecauseit wasClokey'sfavoritecolor� Gumby'slegsandfeetwere madewideforpragmatic reasons:theyensuredtheclay characterwouldstandup duringpicture-takingfilming� Thefamousslantedshapeof Gumby'sheadwasbasedonthe hairstyleofClokey'sfather CharlesFarringtoninanold photograph

Gumbyisaverywellroundedindividual�Heis alwayswillingtohelpothers� Heisneverselfish�Heisvery enthusiastic,andlooksatevery situationasanopportunity�He isverykind,warm-hearted, andgiving,whichiswhyhe canbeafriendtoalmost anyone�

Hismostfamousabilityis shape-shifting�SinceGumbyis, well,clay,hecanmoldhimself intoanythinghewantstofit anysituation�Evidencedbythe show'sthemesong,healso

ontinuesnextpage

possessestheabilitytowalk throughwalls�Andpossibly othersolidobjects�onawhim�

"Gumby"istheLatintermfor "Gumbo,"whichishisfather's name�Hismother'snameis Gumba�Clokey,Gumby's creator,admitsthisistheonly timeinsevenyearsofLatinthat heputittogooduse�

Thetrademarkbumpson Gumby'sheadcomesfroma photographofClokey'sfatherin whichhiscowlickgiveshiman unusuallookingbump��

In2006,RickGeary,resident ofCarrizozo,wasaskedto illustrateanewseriesofGumby comicstocommemoratethe 50thanniversaryoftheeversmilinggreenslabofclay charactercreatedbyArtClokey� ThebookcreatedwithBob Burdenwhowrotethestoryand SteveOliffandLanceBordeas coloristswonthe2007Eisner ComicIndustryAwardforBest PublicationforaYounger Audience�

MAKE YOUR OWN HOT SAUCE Ingredients

12 habanero or other hot peppers

10 pounds plum tomatoes

3 Large fine chopped red onions

3 cups apple cider vinegar

1 cup dark rum

1 cup sugar or stevia

1/2 cup chili powder

1/2 cup chipolte powder

1 tablespoon ground cumin

1 tablespoon kosher or sea salt

1 tablespoon dry mustard

1/2 to 1 tablespoon cayenne pepper continuesnextpage

Preparation

Step 1

Char peppers over a flame or in cast iron skillet, put in a paper bag or bowl covered with plastic, and let steam for 10 minutes. Peel and remove seeds, chop fine. Peel, core and chop tomatoes.

Step 2

In a large (8-quart or larger) cast iron Dutch oven or combine tomatoes, peppers, onions, vinegar, rum, sugar, chili powder, cumin, salt, mustard, and cayenne.

Bring to boil, reduce heat and simmer gently, uncovered, about 2 hours or til mixture is about the consistency of catsup, stirring occasionally.

Puree with an immersion blender til very smooth while still cooking (be careful so you don't burn yourself).

Step 3

Immediately ladle chili sauce into hot, clean halfpint jars, leaving 1/2-inch headspace. Wipe jar rims and adjust lids.

Process in a boiling-water canner for 15 minutes (start timing when water returns to boil). Remove jars from canner; cool on racks.

Store in cool, dark pantry just like and other food that is home canned.

New Mexico Red Chile Sauce

Ingredients

2 tablespoons canola oil

20 New Mexico dried red chile pods, stemmed and seeded

10 dried chile de arbol peppers, stemmed and seeded

1 large yellow onion, chopped

3 cloves garlic, chopped

1 quart chicken stock, or more if needed

1 teaspoon ground cumin

1 teaspoon ground coriander

1 teaspoon dried oregano

1 tablespoon honey (Optional)

Directions

1. Coat the bottom of a heavy saucepan with oil; add chile pods. Toast over medium heat until aromatic, about 3 minutes.

2. Stir in onion and garlic; cook and stir until fragrant, about 5 minutes.

3. Add enough chicken stock to allow pods to float; simmer until they develop the texture of wet leather, 5 to 7 minutes.

4. Fill blender halfway with chile-stock mixture. Cover and hold lid down with a potholder; pulse a few times before leaving on to blend.

5. Pour into a bowl; repeat with remaining mixture. Strain sauce through a fine mesh strainer into a saucepan over medium heat. Discard solids.

6. Stir cumin, coriander, and oregano into the saucepan; add honey.

7. Cook until sauce is thick and evenly coats the back of a spoon, about 10 minutes.

SUPER HOT HOT SAUCE

It's extremely hot and not for the faint of heart. For true chiliheads only! This might just be the hottest hot sauce in the world that you can make right at home! Ingredients

3 Red Habanero Peppers

3 Ghost Peppers

3 Carolina Reaper Peppers

3 Trinidad Scorpion Peppers

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3 Seven-Pot Doughlah Peppers

3 Chili Pequin Peppers

Basil Leaves

Vinegar

Salt

DIRECTIONS

Roast the peppers. Heat an oven to 400°F. Set the superhot chili peppers and garlic on a baking sheet and bake them about 15-20 minutes, or until the skins slightly char. Keep an eye on these. You don't want them to burn, and watch out for any fumes.

NOTE: Alternatively, do this on your grill outside.

Process the ingredients. Add peppers to a food processor. Squeeze garlic out of their skins and into the food processor they go. Add basil leaves and process.

Vinegar. While processing, add in vinegar until it is nicely pureed. Watch out for the fumes!

Salt and strain, if desired. Add salt and stir. Push the sauce through a strainer or use a food mill to really strain it, if desired. Adjust with more vinegar or water to your desired consistency

page 17

citizens�TragedystruckWhite OaksinJuly1891whena�re eruptedattheSouthHomestake Mine,claimingthelivesoftwo miners�However,mining continued,andforthenext�ve years,bothHomestakemines prospered�

By1890,thetown’s populationhadgrowntomore than2,000,butataboutthe sametime,theHomestakeMines wereabouttopeterout� However,WhiteOakswassaved whenanothermine,calledthe “OldAbe,”wasdeveloped,which employedlargenumbersofmen andwasimmenselypro�table� Thetownpopulationsoon reacheditspeakofabout2,500 people�

In1893,WattHoyle,oneof theownersoftheOldAbeMine, builtatwo-storyVictorianbrick homeforhis�ancée�However, whentheyoungladywrotehim Continuesonpage136

He is engraved in stone in the National War Memorial in Wash-ington, DC- back in a small alcove where very few people have seen it. For the WWII generation, this will bring back memories. For you younger folks, it's a bit of trivia that is a part of our American history.

Anyone born in 1913 to about 1950, is familiar with Kilroy. No one knew why he was so well known-but everybody seemed to get into it. So who was Kilroy?

In 1946 the American Transit Association, through its radio program, "Speak to America ," sponsored a nationwide contest to find the real Kilroy, offering a prize of a real trolley car to the person who could prove himself to be the genuine article.

Almost 40 men stepped forward to make that claim, but only James Kilroy from Halifax, Massachusetts, had evidence of his identity.

'Kilroy' was a 46-year old shipyard worker during the war who worked as a checker at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy. His job was to go around & check on the number of rivets completed. Riveters were on piecework & got paid by the rivet.

He would count a block of rivets & put a check mark in semi-waxed lumber chalk, so the rivets wouldn't be counted twice. When Kilroy went off duty, the riveters would erase the mark. Later on, an offshift inspector would come through & count the rivets a second time, resulting in double pay for the riveters.

One day Kilroy's boss called him into his office. The foreman was upset about all the wages being paid to riveters, & asked him to investigate. It was then he realized what had been going on. The tight spaces he had to crawl in to check the rivets didn't lend themselves to lugging around a paint can & continues page 82

brush, so Kilroy decided to stick with the waxy chalk.

He continued to put his check mark on each job he inspected, but added 'KILROY WAS HERE' in king-sized letters next to the check,& eventually added the sketch of the chap with the long nose peering over the fence & that became part of the Kilroy message.

Once he did that, the riveters stopped trying to wipe away his marks. Ordinarily the rivets & chalk marks would have been covered up with paint.

With the war on, however, ships were leaving the Quincy Yard so fast that there wasn't time to paint them. As a result, Kilroy's inspection "trademark" was seen by thousands of servicemen who boarded the troopships the yard produced.

His message apparently rang a bell with the

servicemen, because they picked it up & spread it all over Europe & the South Pacific.

Before war's end, "Kilroy" had been here, there, & every where on the long hauls to Berlin & Tokyo. To the troops outbound in those ships, however, he was a complete mystery; all they knew for sure was that someone named Kilroy had "been there first."

As a joke, U.S. servicemen began placing the graffiti wherever they landed, claiming it was already there when they arrived.

Kilroy became the U.S. super-GI who had always "already been" wherever GIs went. It became a challenge continues page 89

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45

continued from page 83 89 to place the logo in the most unlikely places imaginable (it is said to be atop Mt. Everest, the Statue of Liberty, the underside of the Arc de Triomphe, & even scrawled in the dust on the moon.

As the war went on, the legend grew. Underwater demolition teams routinely sneaked ashore on Japaneseheld islands in the Pacific to map the terrain for coming invasions by U.S. troops (& thus, presumably, were the first GI's there). On one occasion, however, they reported seeing enemy troops painting over the Kilroy logo!

In 1945, an outhouse was built for the exclusive use of Roosevelt, Stalin, & Churchill at the Potsdam conference. Its first occupant was Stalin, who emerged & asked his aide (in Russian), "Who is Kilroy?"

To help prove his authenticity in 1946, James Kilroy brought along officials from the shipyard & some of the riveters. He won the trolley car, which he gave to his nine children as a Christmas gift & set it up as a playhouse in the Kilroy yard in Halifax, Massachusetts.

And The Tradition Continues...

CHASING BIGFOOT

Changingtheirbackyard(or frontyard)everytwotothree weeksisprettytypicalforScot andHannahViolette.No worriesaboutmowingor weeding,whenthey’vehad enoughofaspot,theyjust hookupandmoveon,similar tomostfull-timeRVers.

Full-timeRVinghasseenabit ofanupswingsince2020,when campingandRVingwerejust abouttheonlyvacationoptions foranotherwisequarantined population,and,likesomany,the Violettes’full-timeadventures werelaunchedwhileeveryonewas shuttingdown.

Butunlikeothers,theirfulltimeadventuresweren’tfueledby boredomorfrustrationatanoutof-controlsituation.

Theirfull-timeadventureswere, andcontinuetobe,fueledby

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Bigfoot.

Whenwasthelasttimeyou metafull-timeBigfooter? You’llgettheopportunity becausetheViolettes,more widelyknownasSquatch America,arecoming,with squatchmobile,PattyWagon, andDaisyMaetheAdventure Dawgintow,toCloudcroft, wheretheywillspendseveral monthsas“researchers-inresidence”atthenewly establishedBigfootEncounter Museum.

Visitorstothemuseumcan asktheirquestions,geta guidedtouroftheattraction, andsharetheirowncryptid encounterexperienceswiththis pairofscientistswhoapproach thestudyfromtwoveryunique angles.

ScotVioletteisquickto admitthathisfirstroundof collegeeducationgavehima brilliantunderstandingofall thingstheatrical.Quickly discoveringthatactingisgreat forafewbutdoesn’tyield muchformost,heenteredthe USArmy,successfully survivingtwotoursinIraq (OperationsDesertStormand ProvideComfort)before dischargingtocivilianlifeand anotherroundofcollege,this timefollowinghislifelong passionforanthropologyand archeology.

Itwasthiseducationthatled himtotheNorthernCalifornia MiwukTribeinYosemite NationalPark.Workingwith themtoestablishan independenttreatywiththeUS Governmentledhimto pictographsandpetroglyphs (hisareaofexpertise) depictingacharacterthey named,“HairyMan”.

Storycontinuespage108

Rumexhymenosepalus, alsoknownascanaigredock, wildrhubarb,orsimply,dock, isanativeperennialforbin thebuckwheatfamily�It’s oneofthe�rstplantsto green-upanddotthe landscapeinlatewinterand earlyspring�

It’scommonacrossthe Southwest,hasinvasive tendencies,andgrowsa conspicuous,tallstalkfroma large-leafed,basalrosette�The stalkcanapproach3-feetin heightandiscoveredinclusters ofpink-to-red-colored�owers�

Infullbloom,itresemblesan irresistibleroadsidesaladbut really,it’sabittertastingherb, andcanbetoxictosomeanimals� Despiteitsbittertasteand debatabletoxicity,somepeople— perhapsrhubarba�cionados— have�guredouthowtowork withitandconsideritedible�

Ifyoudon’tplanoneatingit, though,youcoulduseitsrootsto createbrowndyesand,because oftheirhightannincontent,you couldusethemtotanleather�

“Iturnedtotheelderwith meandasked,‘HairyMan? AsinBigfoot?They’re real?’Atthatquestion,the elderjustlookedatme,like Iwasstupid,snorted,and walkedaway.Hestarted talkingtomeaweeklater butthesilenttreatmenttold meeverythingIneededto know:Bigfootwascertainly morethanamyth.”

TheViolettesmovedto Oregonin2012whereScot establishedanonline Bigfootreportingform. Thiseventuallyledtohim havinghisownsighting (thatstoryisinthisvideo) in2018andestablishing BlueMountainBigfoot Research,averypart-time operationthatfocusedon theBigfootphenomenonin EasternOregonand Washington.Having transitionedfrom“Bigfoot believertoBigfootknower”, Scotnolongerfocuseson provingtheexistenceof Bigfoot,butusing encounternarrativesand hisskillsinapplied anthropology,isintenton establishingaclearer understandingofthe species’behaviorandsocial patternsasaprimate adaptedforwildliving.

HannahVioletteholds threemaster’sdegreesin clinicalsocialwork, teaching,andmusic education-aneclectic assortmentbutonethat servesherwellasshe examinesothersociopsychologicalaspectsofthe cryptidphenomena.After careersincounselingand secondaryeducation, Hannahfocusesonstudying

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therelationshipbetween theevolutionof intelligenceandphysical manifestationsofthat,as wellasthehuman experienceoftrauma relatedtoBigfoot encounters.“When humansareexposedto somethingthatradically shiftstheirunderstanding ofreality,itnaturally throwsthenervoussystem intodisarray,whichiswhy somanyBigfootwitnesses experiencevariedlevelsof PTSD.I’msuper interestedinhearingtheir storiesandhelpingthem deconstructthemand,in turn,constructinganew understandingofreality andtheirplaceinit.”

Afterspendingthelast5 yearscriss-crossingthe entirecountrymultiple times,SquatchAmerica willbepullinginto CloudcroftinlateAugust.

Althoughtheirlengthof stayisyetundetermined, theyarelookingforward tomeetingwithBigfoot enthusiastsandskeptics alikeattheBigfoot EncounterMuseumand onsiteforin-person exploration.

Theirgoalfortheirtime inCloudcroftistoeducate andtothoroughlyexplore anas-of-yetneglected portionoftheUnited States;theywillbethe firstBigfootresearchersto establishaformalpresence inthearea.Inthe meantime,youcanstart gettingtoknowthemby visitingtheirwebsite and their YouTube channel.

PanchoVillawasborn JoséDoroteoArango ArámbulaonJune5, 1878�Hewasthesonofa sharecropperatthe haciendainSanJuandel Rio,Durango�While growingup,PanchoVilla witnessedand experiencedthe harshnessofpeasantlife�

InMexicoduringthelate19th century,therichwerebecoming richerbytakingadvantageofthe lowerclasses,oftentreatingthem likeenslavedpeople�WhenVilla was15,hisfatherdied,soVilla begantoworkasasharecropper tohelpsupporthismotherand foursiblings�

Onedayin1894,Villacame homefromthe�eldsto�ndthat theownerofthehacienda intendedtorapeVilla's12-year oldsister�Villa,only16yearsold,

grabbedapistol,shotthe ownerofthehacienda,and thentooko�forthe mountains�

From1894to1910,Villa spentmostofhistimeinthe mountainsrunningfromthe law�At�rst,hedidwhathe couldtosurvivebyhimself�By 1896,however,hehadjoined upwithsomeotherbanditsand becometheirleader�

Villaandhisgroupofbandits wouldstealcattle,rob shipmentsofmoney,and commitothercrimesagainst thewealthy�Becausehestole fromtherichandoftenshared hisspoilswiththepoor,some sawVillaasamodern-day RobinHood�

Itwasduringthistimethat DoroteoArangobeganusing thenameFrancisco"Pancho" Villa��"Pancho"isacommon nicknamefor"Francisco�"� Therearemanytheoriesasto whyhechosethatname�Some sayitwasthenameofabandit story continues page 118

AlanHaleisanAmerican professionalastronomer,who co-discoveredCometHale–Boppalongwithamateur astronomerThomasBopp�

Halespecializesinthestudyof Sun-likestarsandthesearchfor extra-solarplanetarysystems,and hassideinterestsinthe�eldsof cometsandnear-Earthasteroids�He hasbeenanactiveastronomermost ofhislife�

Halewasbornin1958in Tachikawa,Japan,wherehisfather wasservingintheUnitedStatesAir Force�Fourmonthslaterhisfather wastransferredtoHollomanAir ForceBaseoutsideAlamogordo�

HalewasraisedinAlamogordo wherehisfatherretiredfromtheAir Forceandworkedincivilservice�

In2013Halesaid,"Irefusetosay that'Igrewupthere'because

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anyonewhoknowmeknows thatIreallyhaven’tgrownup yet�"Hecreditsseveralfactors forinspiringhisinterestin scienceandastronomytothe clearnightskiesinAlamogordo, librarybooksonastronomyhis fathergavehiminthe�rst grade,theUSspaceprogram, andtheoriginalStarTrekTV series�

Halealsosaidthatasachild hewasinterestedinother sciencesaswell,andhe"went throughadinosaurphasewhen Iwasin2ndgrade�Iknew themall�Drovemyparentnuts�"

Halegraduatedfrom AlamogordoHighSchoolin 1976,thenservedintheNavy from1976to1983�He graduatedfromtheU�S�Naval Academyin1980witha bachelor'sdegreeinphysics� Story con�nues on page 114

FollowinghisNavyservicehe workedattheJetPropulsion Laboratoryuntil1986asan engineeringcontractorforAllied BendixAerospaceworkingonthe DeepSpaceNetworkproject,as wellasonseveralspacecraft projects�

Duringthe1986Voyager2�ybyofUranus,heworkedwiththe RadioScienceExperiment,using thespacecraftcarriersignalto deduceinformationaboutUranus' atmosphereandrings�

AfterleavingtheJPL,Hale enrolledintheastronomy departmentofNewMexicoState University,LasCruces,wherehe earnedaMaster'sDegreeanda PhDin1989and1992,bothin astronomy�

Aftercompletinghisstudiesat

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theNewMexicoStateUniversity, HaleworkedattheNewMexico MuseumofSpaceHistoryin Alamogordoasitssta�astronomer andoutreacheducation coordinator�

In1993Halefoundedthe SouthwestInstituteforSpace Research�SWISR�,whichlater becametheEarthriseInstitute�

Halesaid"thereisanentire generationthathascomeofage havingneverreallyseenthedark sky",sopartofwhathewantedto accomplishwithEarthrisewas"to createanenvironmentwhere studentscouldspendsomenights outunderadarkskyandseewhat itreallylookslike�"

In1999Haleandagroupof scientists,studentsandeducators wentona2weektriptoIran wheretheygavetalksthroughout thecountry�

Story continues next page

Halefeelsthat"Scienceisa��� universallanguage"and"itwouldbea greatideaifwecouldusescienceasa tooltobringpeopletogether���to breakdownbarriersbetweennations andbetweencultures�"

Haleusestheexpression'Science Diplomacy'inthiscontext,whichhe saysit'spossiblehecoined�"Thesky looksthesamefromIranasitdoes fromhereintheUS�It’sthesamesky westudy���Sciencedoesnotknow politicalboundaries�"

Hale�rstspottedthecometthat wouldcometobearhisnamefromhis homeinCloudcroft,NewMexico, wherethenightskyisexceptionally dark�

Since1970Halehadobserved over200knowncomets,andonthe nightofJuly22–23,1995,after �nishinghisobservationsofperiodic CometClark,andwhilewaitingfor periodicCometd'Arresttobecome

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visibleabovethehorizon,he"decided topassthetimebyobservingsome deep-skyobjectsinSagittarius",and pointedhisMeadeDS-16telescope towardsglobularclusterM70�He saidthathe"immediatelynoticeda fuzzyobjectinthe�eld"whichhad notbeenpresentwhenhehad observedthatregionoftheskytwo weeksearlier�

“Icontinuedtofollowthecomet foratotalofabout3hours,untilitset behindtreesinthesouthwest”

UnknowntoHale,thatnight ThomasBoppwasobservingthe sameregionoftheskywithfriends nearStan�eld,Arizona�and"noticeda fainter,fuzzyobjectcomingintothe �eld"�Boppandhisfriends determinedthatitwasacomet�

PerHale,calculationsindicatethat Hale–Bopplikelylastappearedonthe orderof4000yearsago,butany recordofthispreviousencounterhad notyetbeenpositivelyidenti�edfrom ancientrecords�Ithasbeen determinedthatHale–Boppwillnot returntotheinnerSolarSystemuntil approximately4385�

CometHale–Bopp,sometimes called"theGreatCometof1997", becameoneofthemost-viewed cometsinhumanhistory,andthe brightestcometseensinceComet Westin1976,appearing"1000times brighterthanCometHalleydidatthe samedistance�"

119121

Continued from page 109

leaderhehadmet;otherssayit wasVilla'sfraternal grandfather'slastname�

Villa'snotorietyasabandit andhisprowessatescaping capturecaughttheattentionof menwhowereplanninga revolutionagainsttheMexican government�Thesemen understoodthatVilla'sskills wouldmakehimanexcellent guerilla�ghterduringthe revolution�

SincePor�rioDiaz,the sittingpresidentofMexico,had createdmanyofthecurrent problemsforthepoorand FranciscoMaderopromised changeforthelowerclasses, PanchoVilladecidedtojoin Madero'scauseandagreedto bealeaderintherevolutionary army�

FromOctober1910toMay 1911,PanchoVillawasavery e�ectivemilitaryleader� However,inMay1911,Villa resignedfromcommand becauseofdi�erenceshehad withanothercommander,

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OnMay29,1911,Villa marriedMariaLuzCorraland triedtosettleintoaquiet domesticlife�Unfortunately, thoughMaderohadbecome president,politicalunrestagain appearedinMexico�

Orozco,angeredbybeingleft outofwhatheconsideredhis rightfulplaceinthenew government,challengedMadero bystartinganewrebellioninthe springof1912�Onceagain,Villa gatheredtroopsandworkedwith GeneralVictorianoHuertato supportMaderoinquashingthe rebellion�

InJune1912,Huertaaccused Villaofstealingahorseand orderedhimtobeexecuted�A reprievefromMaderocamefor Villaattheverylastminute,but Villawasstillremittedtoprison� HeremainedinprisonfromJune 1912towhenheescapedon

story continues next page

PascualOrozco,Jr�

December27,1912�

BythetimeVillaescaped fromprison,Huertahad switchedfromaMadero supportertoaMadero adversary�OnFebruary22, 1913,HuertakilledMadero andclaimedthepresidencyfor himself�Villathenallied himselfwithVenustiano Carranzato�ghtagainst Huerta�Hewasextremely successful,winningbattleafter battleduringthenextseveral years�AfterVillaconquered Chihuahuaandothernorthern areas,hespentmuchofhis timereallocatinglandand stabilizingtheeconomy�

Inthesummerof1914,Villa andCarranzasplitandbecame enemies�Forthenextseveral years,Mexicocontinuedtobe embroiledinacivilwar betweenthefactionsofPancho VillaandVenustianoCarranza�

TheUnitedStatestooksides inthebattleandsupported Carranza�OnMarch9,1916, Villaattackedthetownof Columbus,NewMexico�His wasthe�rstforeignattackon Americansoilsince1812�The UnitedStatessentseveral thousandsoldiersacrossthe bordertohuntforVilla� Thoughtheyspentoverayear searching,theynevercaught him�

OnMay20,1920,Carranza wasassassinatedandAdolfoDe laHuertabecametheinterim presidentofMexico�Dela Huertawantedpeacein Mexico,sohenegotiatedwith Villaforhisretirement�Partof thepeaceagreementwasthat Villawouldreceiveahacienda inChihuahua�

Villaretiredfromrevolutionarylifein1920buthad

onlyashortretirement,forhe wasgunneddowninhiscaron July20,1923�Hewasburiedin Parral,Chihuahua�

ForhisroleintheMexican Revolution,Villabecameafolk hero�Hislifehasinspired numerous�lms,including"The LifeofGeneralVilla,""Viva Villa�,"and"PanchoVilla Returns�"

“Pancho” Villa’s

Attack on Columbus

AsVilla’smenroamed throughnorthernMexico inthewinterof19151916,theywereinneed ofarms,ammunition, food,clothing,andother suppliestorevitalizetheir revolutionarygoals�

Villahadrecentlysu�ereda seriesofdevastatingdefeatsby Mexicanco-revolutionary

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Continued from previous page Caranza�Villa’slackof resourcesforcedhimtobegin prayingonAmericanmining companiesandranchesin northernMexico,robbing payrollsandtakingsupplies�It becameobvioustohimthat moredrasticmeasureswere neededtoobtainsu�cient weaponsandsupplies�

OnMarch8,1916,Villasent twotrustedo�cersasspiesto Columbus,NewMexicoto gatherinformationonthe feasibilityofraidingthetown andthearmycampthere�

TheyreportedtoVillathat only30to50soldierswere garrisonedattheU�S�camp�In reality,therewereapproximately350soldiersatthe camp�Theunderestimation wouldhavedisastrous consequencesforVilla�

TothemisinformedVilla, Columbusseemedlikeatown thatcouldbetakenwithrelative ease�Additionally,Villabelieved hecouldobtainhorses,small arms,andmachinegunsfrom

theunder-mannedCampat Columbus�Ifsuccessful,the moraleofhistroopswouldbe bolsteredandtheywouldbe wellpreparedtocontinuetheir revolutionaryquest�

Inthemiddleofthenighton March9,1916,Villa’s485 troopscrossedtheU�S��Mexican borderandheadedtoward Columbususinghisusual strategyofstealthandsurprise�

Theweatherwasclearand theskyalmostpitchblack�An arroyo4to5milestothe southwestprovidedcoverfor theraidersastheyapproached Columbus�Theterrainover whichVilla’stroopsmadetheir incursionismuchlikeitis todayvirtuallynotrees,plenty ofrocks,sand,andplantslike cactus,creosote,andmesquite�

Villadividedhistroopsinto severalunitsandattacked ColumbusfromtheSouthwest atapproximately4:20a�m�, althoughitisnotknownifVilla wasactuallyinColumbus duringtheraid�Thisattack caughttheentiretownandthe armycampbysurprise�

Alertedbythegun�reand burningbuildings,theU�S�13th Cavalrysprangintoaction�With the�amesoftheburningbuildingsprovidingillumi-nation, U�S�soldierssetupBenetMerciemachinegunsnearthe railroadtracksandaimed northwardtowardthebusiness districtproducingamurderous rainofbullets�

OtherU�S�soldiers�ring Spring�eldri�esfromtheeast partoftowncaughttheraiders indeadlycross�re�Thebattle lasteduntildawn–approximatelyoneandahalfhours� Thedeathtolltotaled70to75 raiders,tenAmericancivilians, andeightU�S�soldiers�

Interestingly,Villa’smenseemed moreeagertogetsuppliesrather thankillingcitizens,otherwisethere surelywouldhavebeenmore Americandeaths�

Thereareseveralothertheories concerningVilla’smotivation behindtheraid�Forreplenishment ofVilla’ssupplies;amajortarget wasSamRavel’sgeneralstore� LegendhasitthatRavelmayhave beeninvolvedinthe“hoodwinking” ofVillainashadybusinessdeal,so revengemayhavebeenapartof Villa’smotivefortheraid�

ThetheorystatesthatRavelsold ammunitiontobothVilla’sbuyers andCaranza’sright-handman GeneralAlvaroObregon,butthat thecartridgesdeliveredtoVilla weredeliberatelyunderloaded, resultinginthevictoryogObregon overVillaatCelaya�Over3,000of Villa’stroopswerekilled�

Aftertheraid,President WoodrowWildonorderedGeneral JohnPershingtocaptureVillain the“PunitiveExpedition�”

AfterthePunitiveExpedition, Villaremainedinhidingfrom Caranza,whoseforcesoccupiedthe northerncitiesofChihuahua�In 1920,AdolfodelaHuertobecame president,andVillanegotiated peacewithhim,retiringtoa haciendainElCanutillo�Hewas assassinatedthreeyearslaterin Parral,Chihuahua,andhisassassins wereneverarrested�

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Did you know the world’s most popular snack, the potato chip, was born out of frustration?

The tale begins in 1853 in Saratoga Springs, New York, at the Moon's Lake House, where George Crum, a brilliant chef of African American and Native American descent, was making a name for himself with his culinary skills.

One day, a particularly picky customer complained that Crum's fried potatoes were too thick and soggy. Determined to teach this guest a lesson, Crum sliced the potatoes paper-thin, fried them to a crisp, and heavily salted them. To his surprise, the customer loved them, and soon, everyone wanted a taste of Crum's "Saratoga Chips."

George Crum never patented his creation, nor did he make a fortune from it. Instead, the potato chip became a local sensation, spreading beyond New York, and evolving into the snack we know today. Crum continued to work at Moon's Lake House, eventually opening his own restaurant, where the rich and famous would come to enjoy his chips.

Crum's contribution to culinary history is a reminder that even our small acts can have a lasting impact. The next time you crunch into a potato chip, remember the ingenious chef who turned a complaint into an iconic creation that’s still loved worldwide, over 170 years later. George Crum’s legacy lives on in every bite.

Enter

New Mexico Magazine's 24th Annual Photo Awards

Forthepast23years, NewMexicoMagazine’s annualphotoawardshas highlightedthestate’snatural beauty,culture,people, diversity,anduniquecharm� Lastyear,amateur photographersfromallover thecountryparticipatedand submittedmorethan2,400 entriesforourconsideration�

The2025photoawards submissionsbeginJuly1, 2024,andendSeptember 15,2024�Thewinnerswill berevealedinthe January�February2025issue ofNewMexicoMagazineas wellasupcomingissuesof AlamodosoMagazine�

How to Grow a Peach Tree from Seeds at Home:

Growing a peach tree from seeds is a rewarding process that can be done quickly and easily at home. Follow these simple steps to cultivate your own peach tree.

1. Extract and Dry Seeds: Extract seeds from ripe peaches and allow them to dry for a week.

2. Soak Seeds: Soak the seeds in water for 24 hours to prepare them for germination.

3. Stratify Seeds: Wrap the hydrated seeds in a damp paper towel and place them in aluminum foil.

Refrigerate the wrapped seeds for five weeks to simulate winter conditions.

4. Plant Seeds: Prepare a pot with well-draining soil and plant the seeds, covering them lightly with soil.

5. Provide Light and Water: Position the pot in a spot with bright, indirect sunlight.

Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.

6. Select Strongest Seedling: As the seeds germinate, select the strongest seedling and remove the weaker ones to ensure optimal growth.

7. Transplant Seedling: When the selected seedling reaches around 25 cm tall, transplant it to a larger container or outdoor soil.

THE BOOK DRAGON

Book Dragon Book Rescue was founded on the idea that every book deserves a chance at a second life.

For over five years we have been dedicated to making sure that Lincoln County and the surrounding communities always have a place to send unwanted books.

We then turn around and make the books accessible to everyone through free children's book fairs and free libraries spread through our local communities.

We also take pride in the repair and restoration of older books, we will go the extra mile to ensure that any damaged pieces are returned to as close to original

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condition as we possibly can. Book Dragon Book Rescue mostly handles books in Lincoln County and the surrounding counties as well, however we will go in anywhere in New Mexico to save books.

The book rescue program has saved Thousands of books, and we intend to keep rescuing, repairing, and redistributing books for as long as we possibly can.

We are also currently seeking local businesses that would be interested in hosting children's book fairs, please contact us for further information.

Thank you to all the people who have donated in the past, and to anyone looking to think out or unload books, we are more than happy to help.

To schedule donation pick up or for further information please contact Kevin at 575802-3543

The Origin of America’s Favorite Nursery Rhyme:

Davy Crockett's older sister, Effie Crockett was invited to help some mothers in the Muskogee Tribe.

Once she arrived in camp, Effie laughed at what she saw. The Muskogee Tribe had a custom of cradling their pap-pooses among the swaying branches of birch trees. This protected their babies from ground insects, the sun, and wild animals.

After first finding it funny, she soon learned all the great reasons for this practice and marveled at the beauty of it.

Effie watched the

swaying and soothing motion of the topmost branches of the trees. She loved how each baby enjoyed nature, how they listened to the songbirds, observed every ladybug, and smiled at the colors of a butterfly, every little breeze was felt and enjoyed by these young ones; each babe seemed perfectly content.

One of the Tribal mothers began to sing a song to the children in her native tongue. As the Muskogee mother sang, Miss Effie observed a small tear running down the mother’s cheek.

Lulu se pepe i le pito i luga o le laau,

A agi le matagi e luluina le moega pepe,

A gau le lala e paʻu ai le moega pepe,

Ma o le a sau i lalo pepe, moega pepe ma mea uma.

Effie translated the words and kept the tune. She shared it with everyone and it soon became a wildly popular nursery rhyme among the Colonies.

The English translation:

Rock-a-bye baby on the tree top,

When the wind blows the cradle will rock, continued on page 141

Contunued from page 139 141

When the bough breaks the cradle will fall,

And down will come baby, cradle and all.

Why did the Muskogee mother cry?

A “bough” is simply a tree branch, and its breaking was used by the Muskogee mothers as an analogy of their little baby growing up.

Their little baby would soon outgrow his cradle. With each gently rocking wind, time was passing.

One day, little baby would no longer need the protection of his mother. One day, the “branch” would break because her little baby had become too heavy. The “cradle” would fall to the earth –the child, no longer a baby, would dust himself off and grow into a man.

The now famous lullaby was first printed in Mother Goose’s Melody.

The rest is history.

Origins of Phrases

The phrase ‘square meal’ comes from the English Royal Navy during the time of Nelson. In order to stop plates and dishes slipping around on the table while ships were at sea, four pieces of wood were nailed to the benches in the shape of a square – hence the phrase ‘square meal’. Today, the phrase refers to a hearty, wholesome meal.

'To wet your whistle' Many years ago, pub customers had a whistle baked into the rim or handle of their ceramic mugs. When they needed a refill, they used the whistle to get some service. ‘Wet your whistle’ is a phrase inspired by this practice. These days, the phrase has simply come to mean ‘to have a drink’.

'One for the road' During the middle ages and mediaeval period, the condemned were taken from London city gaols to Tyburn Hill for execution. En route, along what is today's Oxford Street, the cart stopped and they were allowed one final drink at a country inn situated on the road. The 'one' they were drinking was for the road to death. These days, the phrase is used for the final drink before heading home.

One Minute of Murder in Lincoln

OnApril28th,1881,justafterSix o'clockintheevening,thingswere quietinLincoln�DeputiesOlinger andBellweregettinghungry,and theirprisonershadstartedtoshu�e aroundinanticipationofthedinner ahead�J�W�Bellwouldhavebeenthe morecongenialofthetwoguards, andBobOlingerthemoredominant personality�SoOlingerwouldhave eatenhishotdinner�rstevery evening,leavingBellwithasingle prisoner�

OlingergatheredtheFiveother prisonersbeingheld,andwalked downthestairsofthecourthouse, outthebackdoor,aroundthesideof thebuilding,throughthecorralgates, andacrossthestreettotheWortley� BellwasnowalonewithBillythe Kid�BobOlinger'shatredofTheKid waswellknown,andBobwanted desperatelytobeknownforhaving playedapartinTheKid'sdeath�Bob

Teriyaki Grilled Shrimp Skewers

Thesedeliciousshrimp skewersareeasytomakeand cookinjustafewminutes� Theyareperfectforsummer weeknightsorparties�

INGREDIENTS

Sauce:

1�3cupwater

2tablespoonssoysauce

2tablespoonsbrownsugar

1teaspoonhoney

1teaspoonRosemary'sgarlic

1teaspoonRosemary'sginger

1poundjumboshrimp

1�2freshpineapple,coredandcut into

1½-inchpiecesskewers

2tablespoonsmincedfresh cilantro�Optional�

1tablespoonRosemary'ssesame seeds�Optional

DIRECTIONS

•Combinewater,soysauce, brownsugar,honey, Rosemary'sgarlic,and Rosemary'sgingerina smallsaucepanandbring toaboilovermediumhighheat�Reduceheatto medium-lowandsimmer untilsaucehasreduced andthickenedslightly,8to 10minutes�

•Preheatanoutdoorgrill formedium-highheatand lightlyoilgrate�Thread shrimpandpineapple alternatelyontoskewers andplaceonaplatter�

•Arrangeskewersonthe hotgrate�Grill2to3 minutesperside,oruntil shrimpisopaqueand cookedthrough�Turngrill tolowheatandbrush sauceonbothsidesof skewers�Transfertoa servingplatterand sprinklewithcilantroand Rosemary'ssesameseeds�

147

likelyo�eredBellhistreasured shotguneveryeveningatdinnerjust incasetheirfamousprisonertried anything,orevenoneofhistwo pistols�

TheKidhadbeenaprisonerin Lincolnaweekorso,andin14days, hewasduetobehanged�Olinger andBellwouldhavestartedtorelax astheyfellpreytoroutineand complacency�Fromhiswindow,Billy wouldhavewatchedOlingerandthe otherprisonerswalktotheWortley Hotel�Afterafewdays,TheKid wouldhaveknownthepatternsof hisguards,andcouldlikelyestimate howlongOlingertooktoeatdinner�

Afewmomentsafterseeingthelast prisonerstraggleoutofsightandinto theWortley,TheKidaskedtouse theouthouse�Notahugesurpriseto Bell,thiscommonactivitywouldnot havearousedsuspicioninthe Deputy,buthewouldhavebeen morealertanawarethatthis situationrequiredvigilance�TheKid, inplanningandwaitingforhis chance,hadlikelytestedhisplanand paidcloseattentiontodetailsashe cameandwenttotheprivy�Asthe Deputyandhisprisonermovedfrom theouthouseintothebuilding,

neitherofthemknewwhatawaited them�

TheKidandDeputyBellcameup thestairs�Billyturnedrightatthetop, likelyslippinghisrighthandfromits shakle�Bell,afewstepsbehind,noticed Billy'smovement,perhapshethought TheKidwashavingajoke�Hereached thetopstep,andkepthiseyeonThe Kid,instinctivelyhewouldhave loweredhishanddowntohisgun�

AsBell'shandreacheddownforthe gunathisside,Billyreachedforthe gunstu�edintothefrontofBell's cartridgebelt�likelytheoneOlinger hadloanedBell,justincase��TheKid nowhasagun,andBellmustdo somethngtostopit�Hereachedupand grabbedthepistolasTheKidcocked therevolverandbegantospeak�Bell losthisbalanceonthesteepstairwayas hegrabbedthegun,thepistol�redas Bellclingedtoit,andthetwomenfell totheground�Fromthetimetheshot was�red,TheKidhadoneminute Continuesnextpage

untilOlingerarrived�

Bellheldtighttothegun,in shock,andinpainallhisbody coulddowasclingtothepistol� TheKidthenstruckBellwithhis handcu�s,severaltimesinthehead� ThepainwastoomuchandBell releasedhisgrip�Thestruggleon thestairshadlastedseconds,but thiswasprecioustimelostforan escapee�Billygottohisfeet�From thetopofthestairwaytothe armoryissixpaces,TheKid shu�edtodoor,andwithaquick bumpofhisshoulderthedoor pushedopen�

TheKidquicklygrabbedanother pistol,�henowhadtwo�,healso grabbedaWinchesterandold Bob'sbigshinynewshotgun� Checkingthathisweaponswere loaded,Billyshu�edbackthrough thearmorydoortowardhiscell withashotguninonehand,ari�e intheother,andtwopistolsnow shovedintohisbritches�

Itisroughly30pacesorabout 12to15secondsfromthearmory tothenortheastwindowofBilly's cell�Ollingerwassurelyonhisway�

Olingerandhisprisonershad justsatdownforsupper�

ReportedlyoldBoborderedpot

BobOlinger

GodfreyGauss

roast�Justasthemenweregetting theirplatesofsupper,theinitialshot washeard�Bobstoodupexcitedand likelyalittleangryattheinterruption andaswellastheprospectthatBell wastheonewhoshotTheKid�

"BellhaskilledTheKid�"Olinger exclaimed�

Hequicklyorderedhis�ve prisonerstogetupandmove�Fifteen toTwentysecondsafterthegunshot, OlingerwalkedoutoftheWortley diningroomwithhiscaptives�

JustasBillyyankedthegunfree fromtheDeputy'sgrasp,Bellbegan faderapidly�Helostasubstantial amountofbloodfromhiswounds� Shockstartedtotakeoverhismotor functionsandmusclememorywasall thatwasleftinhisconfusedbrain�

Bellslidlimplydownmuchofthe stairs,draggingalongthewalls�His legsfoundfamiliargroundbeneath thematthelandingofthestairway

152 just�vestepsfromtheground�oor andawayoutofthebuilding�Once throughthedoor,hisvisionclouded bybloodandhazythroughthefog ofshock,heturnedleft�

LikelyhearingGodfreyGauss' voiceorseeingGaussthroughthe bloodthatnowstreameddownhis face,Bellstumbledtowardtheman� Fifteenstepsoutthecourthouse door,Bell'slastview,wasthe beautifulhillsofLincoln,andthe armsofoldGodfreyGauss�

GodfreyGausshadbeenworking inthegardenoutbehindthe courthouse�Hesharedasmallshack therewithSamWortley,whohad alsobeenworkinginthegardenthat day�Gaussclaimedheheard"ashot andthenascu�einthestairway�"

AsGuasswenttoinvestigatethe commotion,Bellstumbledoutthe backdoorandrighttowardshim, andcollapsedatGuass'feet�Gauss checkedthewoundedmantoseeif hecoulddoanything,butBellwas dead�Olingerquicklyorderedhis prisonerstostayattheWortley�He movedacrossthelawntowardsthe courthouse�Fromtheyardofthe Wortleytothegateofthe courthousesnortheastsideis42 paces�IttookOlingerjustover32 secondstocrossthestreetandreach thegate�Atthefenceline,Bobcould hearGodfreyGaussyelling something�Hecrossedthroughthe fence,andintothecorral�

TheKidhadarmedhimselfand shu�edtowardsthewindow overlookingtheWortley,Guasshas runtothecorraltowarnDeputy Olinger,andBobhadsteppedinto thecorralnexttothecourthouse�It was13stepsfromthefenceto belowthewindowwhereBobmet hisfate�AsOlingerandGausscame withintenfeetofeachother,Guass toldOlingerthatBellwasdead�At thissamemoment,a�ashof movementinthewindowabovethe doorwaytotheposto�cecaught Bob'seye�TheKidappearedinthe

Turning 65? Medicare Questions?

window,and�redashotgunblast intotheheadandchestofOlinger�It hadbeenlessthanoneminutesince the�rstshotwas�red,twodeputies weredead,andTheKidwasnow wellarmed�

JustasOlingerheardGaussand realizedBellwasdead,helookedup toseeTheKid�Olinger'shandlikely heldhisgun,readyforapotential threat,butBillydidnothesitate,a SingleshotfromOnebarrelofBob's shotgun,torethroughhischestand skull�Olingerwasdead�Godfrey Gauss,wasonlyafewfeetawayfrom Bobwhenhewaskilled,andtheold manturnedandranoutofpure terror�TheKidyelledathimnotto worry,ashehadnointerestin harmingGuass�TheKidtold Godfreytofetchatooltobreakhis shackles,andGuassquicklygrabbed apickax�

WhileGuasswenttoacquiretools, TheKidgrabbedtheWinchesterand shotgun,andshu�edouttothe balcony�AsBillysteppedout, townsfolkhadstartedtorealizethat somethingwasgoingonatthe courthouse,andbegantodriftin towardstheexcitement�Billywalked acrossthebalconysurveyingthe townandlookedforanyonewho

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mightbecomingtojointhe�ght�A mannamedJ�A�LaRue,who managedtheWortleyatthetime, startedtocometotheaidoftheslain deputies�Whenhesteppedfromthe crowdattheWortleyandmoved towardsthecourthouse,Billyquickly aimedhisweaponandmadeitclear theconsequencesifLaRuetook anotherstep�SoonGodfreyGauss, appearedwithapickax,andtossedit uptoTheKid�BillythentoldGuass tofetchahorseandtiesome blanketsonthesaddle�TheKidalso toldhimtosendupSamWortleyto makehimselfuseful�Guassscurried o�tohisnexttask�Asizeablecrowd begantoformaroundthearea,and Billytookadvantageoftheaudience�

PickinguphisWinchester,TheKid continuedtopacethebalcony, shoutingandactinglikea"wildman"� Oncehewassatis�edthatnoone wasmovingagainsthim,andhearing SamWortleycomingupthestairs, Billywentinsidethecourthouse� ThereheandSamWortleyworked onhislegirons�IttookGuasssome timetocatchahorse,andgetit saddled�BythetimeGuass reappeared,andyelleduptoBilly thatahorsewasready,ithadbeen almostanhoursincethe�rstshotof theescape�

Afterworkingforanhour,The KidandSamWortleywereonlyable tofreeoneleg�TheKidgrabbeda cartridgebeltfromthearmory,and usedittohelpholdthelegchainsas wellashisnewlyacquiredpistols� Billythenwalkeddownthestairway, overthepoolofbloodwhereBell hadbeenshot,downtheblood smearedstairsandoutthebackdoor� AsheturnedthecornerhesawBell's body�TheKidremarkedthathewas sorrytohavehadtokilltheDeputy ashepassedthedeadman�When BillypassedbyOlinger'sbloodyand mangledcorpse,TheKidgavehima lightkickwithhisboot,allegedly saying"youwon'tcorralmeup again�"

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Albert Zeigler recalled his journey to White Oaks via an Ozanne Company stage when he was 4 years old:

I left Socorro, New Mexico, in December 1886, for White Oaks, New Mexico. I went by stage coach, which was a buck board drawn by two little Spanish mules.

We left Socorro about ten o’clock in the morning and got to Ozanne’s ranch, which was about halfway between Socorro and White Oaks, about six o’clock in the evening.

We had our supper there at the ranch and changed the team and started on the last half of the journey. It was a bitter cold night and we arrived at White Oaks about four o’clock in the morning. There were lots of sandy places on the road and at times the mules could only make about two miles an hour. It was a very cold and tiresome trip

The Ocotillo is one of the tallest and weirdest plants in the desert. What looks like a bunch of sticks standing straight toward the sky is actually a collection long spiny stems that leaf during times of rain and flower spectacularly in the springtime.

Their name in Spanish means "little torch". They are also known as Flaming Sword, Jacob's Staff, Desert Coral, Candlewood, Vine Cactus, and Coachwhip.

Ocotillo branches can reach heights to 20 feet. Ocotillos can live up to 100 years

When there's enough moisture in the soil, small oval leaves about two-inches in diameter will sprout from its brown stems. When the water dries up, the leaves will fall and the the plant will rely on the chlorophyll inside its stems to photosynthesize.

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