DHARAVI, TRANSIT CAMP SLUM R-E GENERATION
DAB610_ CITIES IN THE SUN
ALANA NAUMANN N6894534
TUTOR: SWATI GUDUR
Dharavi Re-generation
SITE CONTEXTCLIMATE & WEATHER SYSTEMS
CLIMATIC_ZONE India sits just beneath the subtropical zone. Mumbai can be classified as a ‘Tropical Wet & Dry’ region.
SITE ANALYSIS
90 MILE ROAD
SWAMP AREA
RECYCLING AREA
DESIGN_DRIVER
dharavi is already physical infrastructure , basic services and amenities need immediate attention.
Nielsen, J. (2013). Dharavi. University of Queensland - Masters of sustainable water managment reserch paper
Risvi, A. (2010). Integrated Approach to Slum Redevelopment. CTBHU 2010 World Conference – India. Â
SITE 01_POPULATION DENSITY:
- 138 dwellings - 27 sqm = average size of dwelling - 6 estimated occupants per dwelling currently approximately 2646 residents living in The transit camp site 1 alone.
SITE 01_
TRANSIT_CAMP
SOLAR ANALYSIS
Due to India’s location near the equator, the solar path in the Transit Camp follows an almost vertical line and curves to the south during the winter months. A southerly aspect for living rooms in this area is ideal.
rather than rotating proposed buildings to align with the new axial layout, existing aspect should be retained to capture prevailing breezes and alowing maximum sunlight to infiltrate into the dense urban fabric.
TRANSIT_CAMP
PREVAILING BREEZES
MONSOON SEASON TRANSIT_CAMP
Monsoon season in Dharavi: June to September The map above shows areas suseptable to flooding during moonsoonal rains and therefore need design provisions for flood proofing systems.
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC & SOCIAL STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY ORGANISATION + COMMUNITY STRUCTURE TRANSIT CAMP -
Dharavi is one the most successful examples of social and economic systems the world has ever seen. therefore the services provided need to be strategic and thoughtful in order to preserve the delicate interconnections of dharavi’s unique community structure.
TRANSIT_CAMP EXISTING COMMUNITY SYSTEMS
Dovey, K. Thomlinson, R. (2012).
TRANSIT_CAMP EXISTING STAKEHOLDERS
TRANSIT_CAMP IDENTIFIED BEHAVIOURS
ACTIVITIES: SHARED:
PRIVATE (FAMILY ONLY):
- washing - bathing - abluting - drying - business - sleeping
- finance management - goods storage - cooking - eating - sleeping
SITE_PREDOMINANT MOVEMENT
FORTIFYING_EXISTING_ CONNECTIONS:
EXISTING heavy vehicular traffic mixed pedestrian and vehicular traffic existing structures
existing green space
PROPOSED proposed community passageway, temporary plazas amenity line and grey water drainage. proposed community nucleus
the development of sustainable local community hubs and irriversable pedestrian linkages provide oppertunities for local stakeholders to take advantage of axial pedestrian movement - the organic growth of market places ensues
ACCORDING TO Raith, (2013)
current infrastructure and urban issues:
Lack Of Durable Housing Of A Permanent Nature That Protects Against Extreme Climate Conditions Lack Of Stability Lack Of Climate Adaptation Lack Of Building Regulations And Zoning Plans Lack Of Sufficient Living Space Which Means Not More Than Three People Sharing The Same Room Population Density And Extremely Small-Scale Urban Fabric Lack Of Open Spaces Lack Of Squares And Spacious Streets: Lack Of Functional Green Spaces: Lack Of Easy Access To Safe Water In Sufficient Amounts At An Affordable Price Lack Of Access To Adequate Sanitation In The Form Of A Private Or Public Toilet Shared By A Reasonable Number Of People Lack Of Security Of Tenure That Prevents Forced Evictions Qualities And Options A Compact City Within The City - A District Of Short Cuts A Mixed-Use Urban Development Flexibility Of The Urban Fabric
current infrastructure and urban issues:
over population
local industry and toxic waste - mass environment pollutants - air, water and land pollution.
disease spreading insect and rodent infestation
limited access to fresh potable water
poor hygeine illhealth, disease, and resultant deaths due to exposure to toxic environmental conditions
current infrastructure and urban issues:
perminant structural residences at the rear
shanti dwellings at the front rely their neighbours for structural support _dwellings are lifted above ground level in response to monsoonal flood waters
Dwellings in the rear have become a structural element on site for the wider community, providing a solid base from which shantis are attatched. most second story dwellings appear to have been constructed with more care and attention to aesthetic than those on ground level. This may be due to the flood security and notions of more permanant accomodation on the second level.
Dwellings near flood zone raised above ground level and comprised of temporary structures that may be re-built and touched up after after flood events
DESIGN INTERVENTION STRATEGY
CONCEPT:
Dharavi’s existing social and economical structure is highly successful and operates as a series of interlinked systems. However, the lack of adequate sanitation and infrastructure has a accumilated a layer of toxicity that has exceeded managable capacity. The concept for intervention is to therefore improve infrastrcuture and remove toxicity so that local systems freely feed into the community and improve quality of life.
INCREMENTAL COMMUNITY INTERVENTION & GROWTH
3.3 thousand inhabitants
1.6 thousand inhabitants 2013
2026 DESIGN INTERVENTENTION
2050
Proposed proccess - Tactical urbanism
idea
systems design
action
change
- make it simple - give the local community the “tools’ (know how) - encourage champions, leadership and personal action to allow adapted ideas - all projects should be ‘by the people for the people’ - design intervention should act as the activator for urban renewal - community then organically occupies and re-interprets the urban structure and built forms
DESIGN PROCESS COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN
dream of place
design place
build place
live in place
- vision
- site design
- materials
- community activities
- big ideas
- physical design
- construction
- place management
- disscussion
- design proposal
- building
- events
- policy
- public space activation
providing the building blocks for long term sustainability, livability and urban public health
INCREASING PUBLIC OPEN SPACE, AMENITIES & SERVICES: INHABITABLE SPACE ON THE ROOF, AXIAL ACCESS TO A LOCAL FOOD AND GOODS ECONOMY, BATHING ABLUTIONS AND FRESH POTABLE WATER SUPPLIED AS A SELF SUSTAINING SYSTEM
COMMUNITY SLOWLY BUILDS FROM THE CENTRE NUCLEUS WHICH HOUSES ALL COMMUNITY SERVICES INCLUSING WASHING FACILITIES 4 PHASE CONSTRUCTION ZONING AS SHOWN MINIMISES DISRUPTION TO THE SOCIAL SYSTEMS STARTING WITH THE NUCLUEUS THE CONSTRUCTION INTERVENTION HAPPENS OVER TIME AS NUMBERED
PHASE 3 PHASE 4
PHASE 1 PHASE 2
RAIN WATER COLLECTION + STORAGE + RETURN EXCESS TO AQUIFER
REDEVELOPMENT AIM:
MAINTAIN EXISTING ASPECT, FOR MAXIMUM LIGHT AND BREEZE INFULTRATION SITE_01 BOUNDARY PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT SITE DEMOLITION ZONE ALONG PROPOSED COMMUNITY AXIS
REDEVELOPMENT AIM:
MINIMAL SYSTEM DISRUPTION_MAXIMUM IMPROVEMENTS IN QUALITY OF LIFE
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY SYSTEMS AND ECOLOGICAL REGENERATION REDEVELOPMENT AIM:
(SEQ Regional Plan 2009 -2031) • Recognise sub regions • Respect topography • Diversify the built environment • Consider local character and design • Integrate with nature • Acknowledge informality • Use vegetation • Ensure diversity of open space • Incorporate access to open space • Design for water • Develop outdoor centres • Develop outdoor meeting places
Proposed infrastructure: WASTE REMOVAL STRATEGIES: - making common household a commodity which can be sold to the recycling industry. - recycling industry collects, stores and re-manufactures waste products adding to local economy - human waste carried through underground piping system through to proposed biogas idustry and used to power local area WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN: - community sanitation systems - grey and black water recycling - rain water catchment, filteration and store to service dwelling clusters - porous surfaces and vegetation to reduce run off during monsoon season and encourage aquifer regeneration - community wells in nucleus to provide water for communal washing - Open public space/market place allocated to primary flood zone to lower the risk of dwelling flooding COMMUNITY SERVICES AND PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTRE: - community nucleus housing : local food network, urban farming projects food preparation industries hub for local services communal washing centre ECOLOGICAL REGENERATION: - strategic vegetation placement to reduce ground toxicity, reduce urban heat island effect, create micro climates and provide a small suppliment to fresh local food.
RECYCLED AND FOUND MATERIALS READILY AVAILABLE AND CHEAP TO AQUIRE ON SITE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS:
the architecture of slum re-generation should be determined by local conditions and local materials - It should be a vernacular expression of place, that reinforces cultural identity.
IMAGE SOURCE: http://www.anupamakundoo.com/node/44
CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLE:NINGBO
HISTORY MUSEUM - WANG SHU
Construction materials may vary dependant on available resources but design intervention propses using a mix of recycled waste materials, rammed earth (as seen above) as well as scaveneged pieces of the dwellings that were demolished on site and broken clay potts from the pottery area that are unable to be refired. Window openings to vary with owners disgression and may be supported by recucled materials. This variation of colour, texture and pattern will bring a sense of community ownership and pride.
IMAGE SOURCE: http://www.australiandesignreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/wang-shu-ningbo-history-museum.jpg
CONSTRUCTION COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN
I beam structural support - sourced from local industry Non-load bearing walls made from waste that cannot be recycled and would other wise go to landfill Structural floor made from ash concrete sourced locally
I beam structural support - sourced from local industry
STRUCTURE TO GROUND STAKEHOLDER INTERACTION
Stilted buildings raise living areas off ground level and provide operunities for businesses and marketplaces to organically occupy the void between flood events
Standard filled ground level allows fof maximum living areas but also provides oppertunities for work/ live type scenarios on the ground plane where most business interactions currently take place
half spaces allow for manufacture and general business to happen in the enclosed area while the front space may be used as street frontage/sales or rented out to another stakeholder
INCREMENTAL HOUSING_ INTERVANTION STRATEGY
SITE 01A: MASTER
PLAN
TYPICAL DWELLING_ TYPOLOGIES IN PLAN
1:200 @ A2
TYPICAL DWELLING_ PLANS
PLAN TYPE: y
PLAN TYPE: x
- 26 square metres - to house 2-4 residents - Single entry - Stair access, door and window placement varies
SCALE 1:100 @ A2
- 26 square metres - to house 5-7 residents - double entry - private terrace - Stair access, door and window placement varies
TYPICAL DWELLING_ SECTIONS
SCALE 1:50 @ A2 SECTION HOUSING TYPE:: X
TYPICAL DWELLING Y_ SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
KITCHEN DRY STORE BATTENS I BEAM STRUCTURE TIMBER SLATS WITH DOOR FOR ACCESS LADDER ACCESS 3M
FIXED KITCHEN CABINETS AND PANTRY STORE STRUCTURAL FLOOR PERMIABLE MESH LAYER TO RUN PLUMBING STORE WATER TANKS AND OTHER SERVICES - ALSO ALLOWS ADDITIONAL PASSIVE COOLING PERMIABLE TIMBER SLAT CEILING LAYER
PARTITION WALL TO 2m
RECYCLED ASH CEMENT SLAB FLOOR SCALE 1:50 @ A2 SECTION HOUSING TYPE:: Y
SOLAR STUDIES _MASSING MODEL
COMMUNITY WIDE_ SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
RAMMED EARTH AND RECYCLED BOTTLE FILLED WALLS_RENEDERED WITH LIMESTONE FOR COOLING AND LAYERED WITH BROCKED CLAY PIECES TO CONNECT STRUCTURES TO CULTURAL IDENTITY OF PLACE
2 DEGREE ANGLE
DOWN PIPE WINDOW OPENING BEHIND IBEAM STAIR ACCESS
WATER COLLECTION
LARGER BUILDING -WIDE RAIN WATER STORE WITH OVERFLOW TO FILTER BACK INTO THE WATER TABLE
ACCESSIBLE VOID BETWEEN DWELLINGS TO RUN PLUMBING, HOUSE WATER STORAGE. ENCLOSED WITH MERE MESH, THE VOIDS ALSO ACT AS EXTERNAL CROSS VENTILATION IN STREETSCAPES AND HELP TO PASSIVELY COOL THE SUB-FLOOR.
Captial injection to become an infrustructural catalyst to spark lasting sustainable chage. The architecture becomes the guiding tool to change behaviours and in turn improve the urban environment and ultimately the standard of living. -
Organic architecture is an incremental process, and its developments are able to continuously re-adjust to the immediate physical, economic and social context. being more adaptable to changes and makes such communities more resistant. when applying these principles to large scale, high density living a framework of infrastructure should provide the basis from which community systems and grow and adapt organically without rigid structuring and gentrification. the Transit Camp should be understood as a living organism - the built forms and public infrastructure like a skeletal supoort with the laneways and roads making up the connective tissue; the services and systems like muscles, giving the being strength and finally the locals making up the cells, always renewing, changing and adapting.
SOLAR PANELS CAN BE ORIENTATED SOUTH ON ADVANTAGEOUS ROOFTPS FOR MAXIMUM SOLAR GAIN
a fluid incremental growth model should be considered composed of micro-units with different functions consisting of a mix of housing and cultural functions, related to knowledge and learning processes. The composition of units is the result of a strategic yet flexible process that follows the growth principles of incremental housing
DESIGN INTERVENTION PROCESS WORK
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