beenleigh presentation

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RE GEN CU // BE BL aLANA NAUMANN_N6894534 ARCHITECTURE nOW


acknowledgement A special thanks must go to the people and the Township of Beenleigh who opened up and allowed us to engage with the charm, character, history, sincerity, spirt and sense of place that is such an intrinsic part of this community. Furthermore, an extension of gratitude and must go to the Beenleigh council, QUOTA, The Chamber of Commerce, Link Real Estate, M.A.D., Matchbox, Arts & Cultural Alliance, House 42 for your participation, co-ordination assistance and support. And finally, A huge Thank you to all of the members of the community who gave their time to share their experieneces and insights - all of your efforts and contributions have had a significant impact, adding to the richness and sincerity of our findings.


A special thak you also for the great efforts and support of the Innoscape team, without whom this report would not be possible.

Contributors: Adam Perring Adam Scott

Elodie Gervais Peter Tanevski


foreword|

Global Issues facing society today were identified across all scales as coming under 4 main categories. The suggested categories pertain to the following global issues - identified as blanket terms to cover a vast majority of the many intricate and complex problems within the collective modern society:

1.

Ecological : Ecological disruption and pollution (climate change)

2.

Political: tyranny, removing rights and power from the people etc.

3.

Economic: Inequitable access to resources, inequitable distribution of wealth (poverty vs greed)

4.

Social: Segregation, social inequality, conflict and violence

1.

2.

4.

3.

THECENTRALVERTICALAXISISRERESENTATIVEOF THE PASSAGE OF TIME. THECENRALINTERSECTIONDISPLAYSTHETIPPING POINTATWHICHTHECURRENTSTATEOFTHEABOVE PRESSURESISACKNOWLEDGED-VALUESANDENERGY STARTTOMOVEINADIFFERENTDIRECTIONINORDER FOR REGENERATIVE SYSTEM TO BEGIN

global

By adopting systems thinking, drawing connections between these major issues, it becomes clear how making strategic integrative design changes in particular areas will result in positive chain reactions across the board. The compounding effect of such positive outcomes, gives design the distinctive potential to be a persuasive influence in instilling lasting behavioural change. (Cox, 1995).



eXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report aims to provide a convincing case for the implementation of alluring aesthetic injection in the public realm to become a compounding infrastructural catalyst that aims to spark lasting sustainable change that increases in value over time. The report outlines the ways in which systems thinking, architecture, urban intervention and marketing strategies can work in unison to become the cohesive driving force toward changing behaviors, attitudes and ultimately raise the standard of living. Intentional urban design intervention should operate is an incremental process, and its developments continuously re-adjust to their immediate physical, economic and social contexts. Being more adaptable to changes makes such communities more resilient. When applying these principals to a large scale community site, a framework of infrastructure should provide the basis from which the community stems and adapts organically without ridged structuring and/or gentrification. The project outlined in this report introduces a fluid incremental community regeneration model to be delivered with the initial infrastructure development to exemplify sexy, innovative and cutting edge systems to spark great commu nity interest and engagement.

Making the ‘age of regeneration’ sexy.

“The public realm has to inform us, not only where we are geographically,butithastoinform us where we are in our culture; wherewe’vecomefrom,whatkind of people we are. By doing this, it needs to afford us as glimpse as to where we are going in order for us to dwell in a hopeful future.”

- Kunstler, J. H.


/community based appreciative enquiry {BEENLIEGH }

INTRODUCTION

Beenleigh should be understood as a living organism – the built forms and public infrastructure like a skeletal support, the laneways and roads making up the connective tissue; the services and systems like muscles, giving the entity strength and agility; and finally the residents making up the cells, always renewing, changing and adapting.

design question now

How can the intervention of architecture provide a solid foundation for the needs and aspirations of the future. the success of this endeavour will enable its use as a catalyst to inspire and inform projects of a simillar nature in the

future


context/

global: As a global society, we are facing a current state of resource depletion, social disparity and economic inequity, in an ignorant culture of consumption. Operating in this manner, through an exponential pattern of growth, within a finite biosphere.

“[the current global] business model is fundamentally at war with life on earth.� Naomi Klein

bottom line


In her book This changes everything: capitalism vs the climate, economist and social activist Naomi Klein discusses the direct link between corporate globalisation and the degradation of the natural environemnt


“Global governments started to negotiate emissions reduction in 1991 – since that time emissions have risen 61%� Klein, 20014 sustainability is a band aid solution and has become a marketing tool in itself - the conversation around it has repeated like a brocken record, yet little has been done .


?

If we know all of this, why has the

urgency of the situation not been

dealt with the force and commitment it deserves


...because this

young attractive corporate warriorscalvin klein Advertising campaign 2014

is far more sexy than...


...this

green peace Advertising campaign 2015

&


& :

sex sells


WE, AS A GLOBAL SOCIETY ARE STILL HOLDING ON TO THE NEOLIBERAL IDEOLOGY OF WEALTH AND SOCIAL RECOGNITION. We, as a global soci-


In her book This changes everything: capitalism vs the climate, economist and social activist Naomi Klein writes:

“We are stuck because the actions that would give us the best chance of averting catastrophe — and would benefit the vast majority — are extremely threatening to an elite minority that has a stranglehold over our economy, our political process, and most of our major media outlets.”



BEENLEIGH IS CURRENTLY AT THE END OF THE CAPITALYST FOOD CHAIN. AS SLAVES TO THE EXISTING PARADIGM, LOCALS ARE PRESSURED TO LIVE BEYOND THEIR MEANS TO FIT IN WITH THE ‘LATEST TREND’ WITH LITTLE POWER TO CHANGE THIS PARADIGM.



According to Klein, there is a need for a new economic model to address ecological, social and moral crisis

A regenerative approach is required_

R GE // B AC


do REhow we get GEthere? N / BL ACK understand and exploit the currentconsumer paradigm

regenis thenew black


acknowledge high fashion magazines, blogs high end retail mainstream media mass production/consumption (- chain stores)

beenleigh

CUR RENT PARA DIGM


what if ?


In this model, profit is viewed as the economic surplus of well managed enterprise, where relationships between contributors and the community take pride of place. The establishment of pioneering ecological business and social practices pave the way for future entrepreneurial endeavours.

alternative systems MODEL

A model for a true regenerative economic system with a focus on local economies and social entrepreneurship has been adapted from Lynch’s 6 principles of regenerative business (2012), Mollison’s approaches to permaculture design and Sirolli’s model for sustainable economic development (2012).

ecological

social

ecological

political

REGENERATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS MUST: 1. Invests in regenerative assets 2. Contribute to communities 3. Collaborate before competing 4. Compete constructively 5. Craft lasting products of excellence and delivers remarkable services 6. Have brilliant and dynamic marketing 7. Have tremendous financial management 8. Perform as a permaculture practice of systemic societal operation by emulating healthy and productive ecological, social and economic systems which increasingly flourish over time – with a business strategy that is not only admirably profitable but also maximizes its positive impact on the planet

&


& M AK ING CON ECTI ONS

GOVERNING BODIES

INVESTORS

CREATIVES

DISADVANTAGED/ MARJINALIZED

YOUTH

PROFFESSIONALS

THE ELDERLY

SKILLED WORKERS

EMERGING ENTREPRENUERS

how?

PUBLIC INTEREST


design team

figure 1

/DESIGN PROCESS LOCAL CONFLICTING CULTURES


/DESIGN PROCESS

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

dream of place

design place

- vision

- site design

- big ideas

- physical design

- disscussion

- design proposal

- policy

build place

live in place

- materials

- community activities

- construction

- place management

- building

- events - public space activation

community involvement must inform design decisions throughout every stage of development

ALL YOU NEED IS ----

?


/DRIVEN IMPLEMENTATION

how?

model of receptivity

AWARENESS

ASSOCIATION

AQUISITION

APPLICATION

figure 3

- MAKE IT SIMPLE - GIVE THE LOCAL COMMUNITY THE “TOOLS’ (KNOW HOW) - MAKE IT SEXY - IRRESISTABLE, BRILLIANT & DYNAMIC MARKETING - ENCOURAGE CHAMPIONS, LEADERSHIP AND PERSONAL ACTION TO ALLOW ADAPTED IDEAS - ALL PROJECTS SHOULD BE ‘BY THE PEOPLE FOR THE PEOPLE’ - DESIGN INTERVENTION SHOULD ACT AS THE ACTIVATOR FOR URBAN RENEWAL - COMMUNITY THEN ORGANICALLY OCCUPIES AND RE-INTERPRETS THE URBAN STRUCTURE AND BUILT FORMS


context/ regional: the amalgamation of regional councils has left Beeleigh in the centre of competing regional interests. Lackluster employment oppertuinities combined with affordable housing in the area has lead to a commuting culture. The trend sees individuals and families who live in the Logan area often make long commutes to work in neighbouring urban areas like Yatla, the Gold Coast and Brisbane. This has lead to higher emissions, road based communities, fragmented community culture and urban sprawl. local: social issues and unemployment stem from a lack of employment oppertunities in the area as well a lack of oppertunities for upskilling and higher education. This filters down through the local economic system and wrecks havoc on local cultures. These factors suggest that current systems adapted from models based around city dwelling are not working in Beenleigh’s regional context and alternative systems should therefore be investigated.


{BEEN LIEGH who?

Families Youth Elderly Poor Rich Disabled Business owners Employees Emerging entrepreneurs Investors Artists/Artisans Primary producers Recyclers Government and Policy Makers Media Wider scope of regional residents Customers/suppliers of local industry World Organisations and charities Local non-for profits


Image source:http://thenextmoss.tumblr.com/post/39659818605

communityconsultation

graffitti culture. youth rebellion. history of drug use in town. socioeconomicdisparity.unemployment . social issues. history of civic destruction. youth exodus . lack of recreation spaces. lack of support for community initiative .

During community consultation a clear disparity was identified between local youth and the high number of older residents. Locals a widening gap bewtween Youth and older generations as the Population ages. A lack of youth Services, jobs, training and Recreation facilities in the Immediate area causes local Youth to travel/move Elsewhere. Appreciative Enquiry has identified a Disconnect between generations, Which coincides with mounting social Problems in the area. Development and systemic Strategies in the Area should focus on bridging This gap and Facilitate an Intergenerational Sharing of Knowledge and skills -


history & sense of place

CANEFIELDS TO THE EAST HILLS TO THE WEST IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CITY AND BEACH INTERESTING AND FULL OF HISTORY WHO ARE WE? WE ARE BEENLEIGH mark hammel & bree thompson

beenleigh has a proud history of agriculture, sugar production, rail networks and rum production. It also has a rich history of corporate sponsorship of community iniciatives and facilities (Centre for the Government of Queensland, 2015)


gaps in local economy exemplified through infrastructure,servicesandabandonedretailcentres

urban landscape// current

appreciative enquiry


FORTIFYING_EXISTING_CONNECTIONS: the development of sustainable local community hubs and permanant pedestrian linkages provide oppertunities for local stakeholders to take advantage of axial pedestrian movement - the organic growth of market places ensues

“Unlocking the synergiesbetween urban systems delivers more for less� Symbiocity (2015)

figure 2

FORGING_NEW_CONNECTIONS: figure 2 displays the ways in which alternative economies may operate in the proposed precinct development - a series of grass roots interventions that make a lasting positive impact on the local community Proposed interventions along community axis that work together to provide services, alternate economies and community engagement external actors that contribute to or participate in activity within the precinct. These actors may take the guiding principles of the precinct and establish simillar endeavors in other areas.


LOCAL COMMUNITY SERVICES CURRENT STATE OF FRAGMENTATION

SYNTHESISE

REQUIRED ACTION

SIMPLIFY

SOLIDIFY


/precinct masterplan

innoscape design lounge

figure 3

Refer appendix


2 0 1 5 - s ta g e o n e New ablution facility

Redevelopment of Band Stand

Landscaping of Centenary Park

New amphitheatre

New public precinct / skate park

Extension of house 42 New workspace for Matchbox

New argicultural precinct Pathway connectied between sites

Co-work spaces

Radio tower constructed Part 1: Exemplar garden Toilet Education shed Cafe

Part 2 : Farming fields Bulk food store

2 0 2 5 - s ta g e t w o Workshop spaces erected construction material recycling Skate park phase two development Relocation of swimming pool

Residential agricultural compononents

Creative enterprise incuba-

Art Gallery opened showcasing culmination of talents

Music studios Alternative fuel production Algae ponds Aquaponic systems/ alternative farming methods Food Co-op Education areas intensified

figure 4


SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITYSYSTEMSAND ECOLOGICALREGENERATION

REDEVELOPMENT AIM:

RE GEN // BL

PROPOSED Precicnt INFRASTRUCTURE:

WASTE REMOVAL STRATEGIES: -build from and fortify council’s existing waste reduction and recycling plan and integrate successful systems from symbioity model. - making common household waste a commodity which can be sold to the recycling industry. - recycling industry collects, stores and re-manufactures waste products adding to local economy - human waste carried to proposed biogas idustry and used to power local area and cooking/heating gas WATER SENSITIVE U RBAN DESIGN: - community sanitation systems - grey and black water recycling - rain water catchment, filteration and store to service proposed and exisiting buildings - porous surfaces and vegetation to reduce run off in heavily paved areas - Open public space/market place

Future vision//

beyond 2025

COMMUNITY SERVICES AND PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTRE: - community nucleus housing - local cowork spaces and shared resources - community radio and online platforms to allow public forum and debate - local food network, - urban farming projects - food preparation industries - hubs along Innoscape axis for local services - incubator for enterpreneurial endeavours

ECOLOGICAL REGENERATION: - strategic vegetation placement to reduce ground toxicity, reduce urban heat island effect, create micro climates and provide a small suppliment to fresh local food. integration of bioswales and native trees to increase quality of natural habitat for local wildlife.


E EN CU BE L STAGE 01

architectural intervention


INCREMENTAL COMMUNITY INTERVENTION & GROWTH

Precinct stage 2 delivery complete

design intervention strategy stage 1 - architecture now

2015

2025 Cube Inc. DESIGN INTERVENTENTION

future


back casting

stage 2_ statement of intent

‘Architectural marketing’ in conjunction with online social media and image consumption to ignite conviviality and sense of place and leave ample and deliberate spaces which can be filled organically and creatively.

what is possible?

stage 1_ statement of intent what can we do now?

Acknowledge the attitudes and behaviours of Beenleigh locals just as they are.With this understanding it is possible to then exploit the nature of the essential human relationship with the familiar by using a systems that already exist and already successfully manipulate behavourial, cultural and social action. This intervention aims to leverage the consumer society to question that exact system while encouraging the exploration of possibility. that exact system while encouraging the exploration of possibility.

In stage 2 of the pricincts urban intervention, Cube Inc. aims to create a centre for socio-ecological entrepreneurship that grows from the original stage 1 intervention of cowork spaces. Cube Inc.’s core objective is to empower individuals and groups through the provision of knowledge, tools, skills and support. Entwining the facility into an urban tapestry of established industry, education, cultural and social institutions provides a broad spectrum of networking capabilities that connects and strengthens the sense of community and place. Using social theory (Brown and Keath 20008), the centre can leverage community engagement through the use of cyclic branding, marketing and continual exposure to new systemic, regenerative opportunities. The integration of surrounding services has the intrinsic potential to spark radical decarbonisation, radical redistribution of wealth, economic, political and technological revolution. Providing enchanting space for work and progressive thinking that engages people by fortifying their connection to each other as well as to the environment around them. Increasing a sense of pride and ownership across the civic and ecological realm the urban intervention of Innoscape in conjunction with marketing and support from Cube Inc. will aid in reducing rates of crime while improving local economies, mental health, social morale and general quality of life across the wider community. Beenleigh is in a unique position to become the poster child for regenertive development that synergises with growing ‘green’ technologies to benefit the community on all levels.


how can cube

inc.

support this model?

Pooling access to community wide services into one facility provides:

- access to valuable networking, knowledge and skill transfer - facilities to engage, hold meetings, reflect, discuss, connect, test ideas - positive outcomes in community engagement, business start up and management, financial managment, marketing solutions technology education and implementation for business solutions. - visual display and visual connectivity to surrounding pedestrian and cycling routes of successful outcomes creates a dialogue of positivity throughout the community and continues the cycle.


intervention location

cube inc provides a foothold for the community to take control of their paradigm by using existing marketing techniques as a way in - while fortifying existing community connections in an elegant and sophisticated way

education transport business recreation


roof lines

STAGEone_Siteplan

paved surface treatment decomposed granite landscaping

1.

outdoor room

2.

reception

3.

display/exhibition

4.

kitchen/seating

5.

ablutions

6.

work/meeting

7. 8.

deck

1. 6.

5. 4.

bus shelter

8.

8.

7.

1. 2.

3.

1.


BUILDING//

GOAL

SWEET SPOT


designed with logic of new paradigm

designed with logic of existing paradigm

flexible sociable material selection passive ventilation blurring of spaces

exclusivity shop front appearance galzing and brick face strong street presence materials allude to wealth and power


{

george st

void. low ceiling. prominant facade. urban play. vistas across courtyard.

shelter/dropoffzone


view approaching building from proposed bus shelter and looking through amenities and kitchen spaces to the courtyard on the opposite side


= + less is more

RE leaving open space provides oppertunity for community initiative to fill the space or leave it as a blank multi-purpose space as required


E

STAGE 02

architectural intervention


stage 2 // return brief

staging for social engagment using brown & keath

= FIGURE 1: TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION

co-work.mentoring.communicationandcollaboration.incidentalinteraction.photography.laptop

rental.deskspacerental.youthemployment.alternativepaymentschemes.commercialkitchen.lift.upperlevel

work.eventsandparties.catering.businessstartup.financialassistance.collaborationcross

socioecologicalenterprise.

disciplines.partnerships.


Cube Inc. // PROGRAMME

what does socio-ecological entreprenuership involve?

A model for a true regenerative economic system with a focus on local economies and social entrepreneurship has been adapted from Lynch’s 6 principles of regenerative business (2012), Mollison’s approaches to permaculture design and Sirolli’s model for sustainable economic development (2012). In this model, profit is viewed as the economic surplus of well managed enterprise, where relationships between contributors and the community take pride of place and the establishment of pioneering ecological business and social practices pave the way.


spaces built on level 1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

spaces built on level 2

13. roof lines paved surface treatment

6.

decomposed granite

6. 6.

landscaping

11. 6.

6.

1. organic juice bar 2. display/exhibition 3. reception 4. kitchen/seating 5. ablutions 6. work/meeting 7. open air deck 8. bus shelter 9. outdoor seating/workspace 10. ‘Rattler’ rail cart system 11. lift 12. end of trip 13. meditation/contemplation

6.

5.

1.

9.

6. 4.

7. 1.

8.

8.

outdoor room reception = 32sqm display/exhibition/entry=30sqm kitchen/seating/circulation = 72sqm ablutions= 30sqm work/meeting 72sqm open air deck = 72sqm bus shelter = 18sqm outdoor seating/workspace = NA ‘Rattler’ rail cart system = NA lift

1. 2.

3.

1.

STAGE two_Site plan

10.


cle cy th pa cle cy

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cle cy ax

george st george st george st george st george st george st george

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in

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bi

juice bar

ec pr

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foyer/ reception

is ax

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display

outdoor gathering

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shelter

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outdoor room

in house kitchen/ events bar

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outdoor room

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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS//

=





THE SLOW REVEAL






A CASE AGAISNST TRANSPARENT COPING Heidegger

The entry has been constructed as a tunnel with no windows and timber deck flooring to provide an echoing threshold. The sound of ones own footsteps on the timber AWAKENS them to their surroundings before they are delivered into the foyer/exhibition space where sucessful outcomes from cube inc are on curated display. This provokes people to overcome their usual transparent coping mechanisms; that is the ability to ‘do’ a physical action and not actually be mentally aware of it (often we don’t consciously process our surroundings and actions etc). As people cross the threshold, the unusual entry awakens people to take notice that they are entering a special space and bring about an awareness of their own thoughts and actions. The central volume within direct line of sight continues this provocation as does small punctured interventions of sight and interactive art displays through out the building. This provides the grounds for all thoughts and actions to follow as one goes about their day. It begins the process of a forum for meaningful thought, social interaction and social change.




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1. double skin facade 2. entrytunnel 3. courtyard with bamboo and edible planting 4. seating in display area 5. reception desk 6.kitchen/events bar 7. hot desking area 8.central atrium void 9. open public restroom with rettractable privacy screens 10. seating 11.bike store 12. wall display for 13. store 14. conference room 15. undercover outdoor space

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1. double skin facade 2. void 3. courtyard with bamboo and edible planting 4. casual seating/work area 5. work desk with cubicle screen 6.standing /high desks 7. meeting rooms with retractable screen 8.central atrium void 9. bean bag area 10. green roof 11.storage

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CONTRACTORS ARE TO VERIFY ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE BEFORE COMMENCING ANY WORK OR PRODUCING SHOP DRAWINGS. THESE DRAWINGS ARE PROTECTED BY THE LAWS OF COPYRIGHT AND MAY NOT BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED

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Cube Inc. //

FUTURE VISION: Green intergration and take over of ecological ideologies view from george st


THE PROCESS: HOW CAN I BE A PART OF CUBE INC?


STEP 1: Expression of interest – - Meeting to discuss business opportunity and its applicability to the underlying principles of Cube Inc. - Client provides evidence of viability of business idea as well as absolute commitment to the triple bottom line principles. - Cube Inc. to provide overview of resources available to assist business start up - Benefits spreadsheet and fee schedule to client along with detailed information e-booklet of the ins and outs of becoming an innoscape member and how the social economy could prove to be useful in business startup when cash-flow is still slow. STEP 2: Project Registration trial period – - Business is registered within both Innoscape and Cube Inc. - Access to all innoscape and Cube Inc, facilities and services at no upfront cost - Begin workshops with applicable participants in gaining the knowledge and skills required for business success - Access to Cube inc. initiatives STEP 3: Board review – - Respond to any requests for further information following submission and anticipate board review. - Establish branding proposal and online marketing campaign to build momentum (coming soon…) and offer preview for board discussion - Report back on product/service development to align with current market - Commence early discussion on media release and launch event at Cube Inc. STEP 4: Cube Inc. affiliation certification decision – - Licensing documentation, logos and statutory declaration provided - Announcement on Innoscape and Cube Inc. outlets of new business startup with details – media announcement and launch party event coordinated - Framed Cube Inc. Certificate provided - Business added to the list of socio-ecological certified operations on appropriate affilitate websites and social media - Supplied with any required marketing material STEP 5: Ongoing Review process (bi-annually) - Business specific support provided with opportunity to donate time is order to receive special discounts or the like within the innoscape precinct. - Percentage of net income goes to Cube Inc. to pay for rent and services (30% based on co-housing model for min. first two years then reduction negotiated with board). - After this period, business can decide to stay within premises or expand off site while still being a part of the innoscape community. - Ongoing branding strategy, and ongoing media coordination. - Ongoing response to consumer demands and shifting market trends. - Annual recertification process.


intergration into precinct

- - - - - -

Financial viability of cube incIncome streams:

bill board advertising digital advertising through website and social media events in courtyard and meeting rooms outside working hours meeting room at low cost booking fee during working hours desks hired out per week hired out to weekend conferences etc.

local urban agriculture is used by pop-food industry on site = momentum and interest builds through conviviality

business hires space and employs staff trained on site

staff activate area and buy products from precinct and utilise spaces $ goes directly to locals and back into community

alternative economies workshop crafts elements of cube

skills learnt in workshop/ agriculture turned into tangible business model

through marketing, establishing strong online presence and visual saturation, youth and mainstream culture recognises precinct activities as cool / valuable = increased participation


22

ADVANTAGES OF BEING A PART OF SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL ENTERPRRISE FOR CUBE INC_members

1- Regenerative Business Models 2- supplement income 3- innovate - become a leader for positive change; embody that change - use successful outcome; market that success 4- collaborate 5- market your work effectively 6- exceptional financial management 7- Enjoy advantages of shorter commute 8- Global network of successful entrepreneurs 9- Discounts and innovate club member advantages to a wide range of events, 10- Learning from successful mentors 11- Professional meeting rooms to engage with clients 12- The option of shared or private work spaces 13- Being a part of a community of likeminded individuals 14- Ongoing support for you and your business 15- Feel free with the ability for short term, no lock in contracts and hot 16- Choice of sitting, cubicle or stand up desk space- storage options also 17- Full time office space available 18- Close to Public transport, green on been produce exchange, supermarket, 19- Bicycle storage facilities 20- End of trip facilities 21- Less overheads due to shared facilities

yourself as an image for

tools and facilities

desking opportunities available retail and

22- Also take advantage of in-house workshops covering branding, marketing, social media and professional development.


construction //materials

-Proposed room sizes have been influenced by standard member sizes to minimize waste. Members may be sourced and re-purposed from derelict buildings in the wider community. -Nominated walls as proposed to be constructed using fragments of the demolished tennis courts – i.e. - Concrete rubble sealed and painted black, placed in a cage-like structure. -Wire from the tennis court fence re-purposed to create permeable screens that separate spaces while still providing a visual coherency between spaces -Fencing and scaffolding used during construction is repurposed to craft shade backing for interactive art installation on southern facade - bamboo grown on site is crafted to create screen on the northern and eastern facing facades as well as walls for the contemplation/meditation room on the top floor.


adaptability

structural hierachy/

construction //incremental

pre-cast hempcrete flooring cured and polished to matte

timber floor framing

hempcrete internal walls with lime render finish 260 universal columns in black annodised fire rated finish

rammed earth external walls where thermal mass is required existing polished concrete flooring


construction //typical green roof detail

scale 1:5 @ A3


FORM MODEL// study


FUTURE VISION a world that defines success through the contribution one can make to the planet, the community, culture and self.


THANK YOU



DAN101_

DESIGN reflections

WEEK ONE: THEME OVER VIEW – WHY ARCHITECTURE NOW? 24.02.2015

Questions to ask the community: PROJECT CONTEXT LOCALITY CONTEXT CURRENT SITUATION = o o o o o o

mapping photos observations design driver identified needs (what’s missing)

COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE = o o o o o o o

predominant industry existing community systems existing stakeholders opportunities to attract new stakeholders identified behaviors site predominant movement current infrastructure and urban issues o info graphics o photographs o observations

IDENTIFY SITE (NARROW SCOPE)


USER -

Predominant user groups Identify local industry Photos

DESIGN INTERVENTION STRATEGY -

concept timeline of delivery proposed process (tactile urbanism) case studies and examples construction materials integration of green technologies and social systmes community involvement stakeholder involvement

WEEK TWO: SITE VISIT – Finding the essence of Beenleigh ? 03.03.2015

I didn’t know what to expect when travelling out to beenleigh as we were unable to find a great deal of online resources outlining what sort of cultural vibe beenleigh has. I was pleasantly surprised to be met with the great ‘cocktail bar/ jazz lounge’ set up at house 42 and the excitement mounted as conversations of the township transpired. We attacked the task of observing Beenleigh at first by sitting back in local cafes, eating, drinking and soaking up the atmosphere. There wasn’t the sort of relaxed and convivial atmosphere around that helps to bring warmth to a place; me it felt a bit cold. There wasn’t the typical lunch time ‘rush’ that you would expect for a town’s central business district. I was also observing the locals going about their daily business and trying to gauge how they were interacting with, as well as reacting to, their surroundings. Upon first observation it did seem that there was a lack of continuity among businesses, both in a sense of cultural unity as well as physical connection of places


and spaces to one another on the civic grid. As Sam mentioned in the community consultation, there seemed to be a bit of a lack of the café culture and dining restaurants that reflect the soul of the community. Therefore the CBD appears to purely support a business as usual streetscape with no more activity than necessary to operate in a business sense. Walking around, the streets were quite desolate but this could have been due to the timing of our walk, being a week day afternoon. I also noticed that street frontage was not prominent for the most part. Businesses seemed to be fronted with a car park and often haphazardly placed on the block. This gives the streetscape a very organic feel and does not replicate the traditional city grid.

There seemed to be a lot of service based business eg. Community support, legal services. Along with general convenience like supermarkets and the like. There seemed to be two main shopping centers, clustering the usual chain stores. These appear to have become places of gathering and activity – largely due to congregation around necessity and open places to meet in a social sense – particular for young people. After 3pm we noticed quite a large number of school students, still in uniform, hanging about aimlessly in these areas. There was also a few things that should be noted that point toward trending vandalism and general lack of respect toward the surroundings: The trolleys at the supermarket were caged and locked – which would imply that something may have happened in terms of property destruction or personal reckless harm in the past. As well as a large pile of old furniture and rubbish placed in the middle of the car park. The fact that there is clear activity occurring in the car parks already would suggest that there may be opportunities to engage with this existing activity and turn it into a positive by re-direction the attention and focus to creative and worthwhile ventures. Our main observation you could say, was the non-evident facilities available to youth in the area. The PCYC really embodied the local youth services and after visiting the center, it seemed that you had to sign in to be able to use the facilities and it all seemed very heavily regulated and watched. Even the local cricket field didn’t seem to be open and publically accessible. The matchbox, local drop-in center in essence, seemed to be the only openly accessible facility within the town however, we were unable to find any trace of it online, which is where the youth of today generally searches for information. There were also a few indicators of issues with youth culture scattered throughout town such as the school sign which read: “Be on time. Stay all day”. Quite a harsh statement to be made so public and perhaps gives insight into the schools frustration. Also siginfiers around town included the large


number of community support services, lack of non-essential stores like clothing or gifts for example, as well as unusual advertising on the street regarding flexible payment plans at the loacal pawn shop that directly link with Centre link payments. I will have to look further into the local sporting grounds to find out about their accessibility. This was something that came up over and over again during community consultation – the idea that there was no use in providing facilities or services for the youth in town as these would just be disregarded, not respected or trashed. However, it would be nice to adhere to the broken window theory and aim to resolve some of the behavioral problems by creating a pride of place and defer that energy to other activities and ventures. It is impossible to gauge a sense of place from a mere few hours of experiencing it, however these were my first impressions.

Im feeling like a broad grassroots approach in the form of soft services design would be the most logical place to start. Im moving toward the idea of a series of smaller architectural interventions across the urban grid and weaving temporary, trial solutions through the city fabric which circle around the two central idyllic nodes of the city – centenary park and the town square (under construction) There’s also opportunities for linkages through open spaces of unused land and public recreation spaces also linking in a derelict DFO shopping center as a part of a revolutionary new paradigm for the community structure of the future. A few needs where described during community consultation by local stakeholders willing to back future progress and many of these ideals were based around instilling a sense of community and family back into the area. Also a sense of involvement and awareness of activities and spaces as they come to light. Markets were a clear vision as were public art projects and the need for iconic installations or architecture to bring about a sense of building excitement, ownership and pride in Been Leigh to put it back on the map as an independent township of integrity. Community gardens and a revitalized music scene was also heavily discussed which is something that jumped out me. I guess the burning question is – when the aim of the exercise is to produce a complex piece of architecture that synthesizes multiple contextual and cultural factors into a tangible, useful artifact of the city, when perhaps be most useful and successful solution appears to be as simple as grassroots actions to spark self-governance among the community – and build a rich multilayered cultural identity for the city across space and time. I also want to question what appears to be the most logical solution and not let the logic get in the way of the exploration of radical interventions for the long term vision of the city. Radical in the way of looking at new social and


economic systems, changing the way that electricity is harvested and used, changing people’s attitudes toward civility and daily life - Strategies toward social change. Also inspiring a greater sense of ownership that nurtures a more locally orientated closed loop system and connection to place, in terms of touching the earth lightly and giving back to community – this way of life could potentially breed also a tourism based economy much in the same way that Nimbin attracts tourists to experience the local way of life and infamous culture. Ie. Lifestyle tourism rather than iconic architectural tourism.

WEEK THREE: Redevelopment aim: sustainable community systems and Ecological Regeneration 10.03.2015 -

master plan typologies in pan built structures community wide sustainable systems (macro – micro) grass roots soft services design intervention possible funding models for action possible marketing models for action


Beenleigh Vision 2025:

RE-GEN_is the new BLACK This proposal aims to provide an alluring aesthetic injection to become a compounding infrastructural catalyst that aims to spark lasting sustainable change that increases in value over time. The architecture, urban intervention and marketing strategies become the cohesive driving force toward changing behaviors, attitudes and ultimately raise the standard of living. Intentional urban design intervention should operate is an incremental process, and its developments continuously re-adjust to their immediate physical, economic and social contexts. Being more adaptable to changes makes such communities more resilient. When applying these principals to a large scale community site, a framework of infrastructure should provide the basis from which the community stems and adapts organically without ridged structuring and/or gentrification. Beenleigh should be understood as a living organism – the built forms and public infrastructure like a skeletal support, the laneways and roads making up the connective tissue; the services and systems like muscles, giving the entity strength and agility; and finally the residents making up the cells, always renewing, changing and adapting. A fluid incremental regeneration model should be delivered with the initial infrastructure development to exemplify sexy, innovative and cutting edge systems to spark great community interest and engagement. (Making the age of regeneration sexy).


Image source: http://imgarcade.com/1/calvin-klein-wallpaper/


Marketing

SUCCESS:

Marander kerr – organic eating and tea Got milk campaign Calvin Klein Chanel – Chanel no. 5

Marketing

FAILS:

SLIP SLOP SLAP commercials = dorky


When fear campaigns FAIL, media consumption may SUCCEED: Anti-smoking campaigns aimed at vanity and pre-mature aging as a disincentive to quit or not take it up because smoking causing cancers and premature deaths was not effective enough. We can’t underestimate the influence of pop culture on changing attitudes and behaviors. Society as an interconnected global system.

Image source:https://www.behance.net/gallery/RE-2-/9614987


paradox

Joggers and jeans

There used to be a saying in youth culture that related to the notion of wearing running shoes with denim jeans is an action of social suicide – the most dorky of dorky combination of clothing. However, the recent trend of “Sports Luxe” in the fashion industry has lead to this combination now being widely accepted as a cutting edge, stylish look – this proves the speed at which consumer society can be influenced by marketing and trending ideas. This speed is amplified by social media advertising and celebrity endorsement.

Nerdy/Geek  Geek chic Beirdy weirdy  symbol of fashion/Masculine odious Slick/preppy  old school glam Tattoo symbols  Edgy Jumpers  Slouchy/relaxed cool


LOCAL CONFLICTING CULTURES

Image source:http://thenextmoss.tumblr.com/post/39659818605


WEEK FOUR: How marketing changes people’s attitudes 17.03.2015

Liquor and beer marketing shift – from ochre Aussie battler to metro campaigns to Hipster hipster is the grunge of the 20-teens – sparked: Slow food movement Recycling in-vogue Op-shopping back on trend Hospitality = resurgence of recycled, intimate and eclectic spaces rather than following one style, colour scheme etc. Mis-matched, found objects etc Clashing prints in textiles ‘Nanna’ culture = tea cozies, dorky knits, beanies, craft resurgence, pot plants etc. Urban farming – indoor herb gardens Tea and coffee marketed as so


WEEK FIVE: EMERGING TRENDS AND CULTURES AND OBSERVATION OF changing attitudes 24.03.2015

H

ow long does it take for new paradigms to become an accepted part of

mainstream popular culture?

Can we ride on the back of current trends before they are irrelevant and market appropriately to amplify current market focus on sustainability, green, recycling etc‌ al gore tried but failed to follow through with mounting interest and push it further to reach a more cyclic market society? In the past, revolution has occurred from the compounding effect of mounting public interest in or revolt against a certain matter in society. At a certain point, people power reaches a tipping point and action as a collective boils over to gain political attention and eventually, policy change. If architecture has a language, how can we manipulate it to speak to those who most need to hear it? How can you create spaces that speak to the masses yet allow for niche growth and adaptation? How long would it take to filter through to the wider community.


Architectural ‘marketing’ in conjunction with mass media and image consumption to ignite conviviality and sense of place and leave ample and deliberate spaces which can be filled organically and creatively.

http://www.styleindicator.com/style-inspiration-ss-2014-gardenwear


source: https://www.behance.net/gallery/RE-2-/9614987 Fashion begins as high fashion on the runways, spawn of designers  then it hits magazines, blogs and fashion followers  then it hits stores in certain countries due to seasonal variations and economic viability  Here it is seen as ‘exclusive’ and only the select few who can afford high fashion begin to wear it  popular trends filter down through the chain stores  mainstream media picks up on seasonal popular trends and portrays them to the mass population  the mass population picks up the items from the now affordable or on-sale items at chain stores  the trend is usually now widely accepted for a single season before it is deemed irrelevant and over taken by the next new trend.


Because architecture requires a great deal of time to produce, the time between conception and production is so long that often architectural finishes are outdated before they are even applied to the building. But trying to reject the current trends in materiality and form could lead to rejection – due to an underlying sense of fear and unfamiliarity. I also believe that trying to not follow a movement would most probably land the design being classified as a rebellious movement – which would categorise the design under a movement or style anyway. Different materials, colors and textures speak to different people in different ways and often, in terms of intimate spaces, trying to force an overly outrageous and bold aesthetic to a community building will often lead to that building being rejected by the public – particularly where a small scale community ‘feel’ has been identified as the greatest quality of that place. So perhaps, simple, sexy and appealing design – teamed with bold softservices and marketing campaigns might be just the thing to create widespread interest and anticipation to lasting acceptance and behavioral change.


WEEK SIX: Community consultation and final branding research

The Model of Receptivity recognizes that new trends, technologies, approaches and systems will almost certainly be rejected if they do not align with the dominant values, conventions and underlying ideologies of the Mesolevel regime. Brown and Keath (2008) suggest that intervention from the Macro-level be a powerful instigator at the regime level to activate systemwide transformation.

However, the multilevel concept highlights the powerful influence of macrolevel pressure for destabilizing the regime and triggering system-wide transitions. Furthermore, this model demonstrates the way in which “niche actors� at the micro-level aid in shaping the nature of the transformation occurring at Regime level.

The micro level sees actors of local entrepreneurship operating in positive and progressive ways at speed, that filter through regenerative business and social capital models and into the regime level.


source: http://blackfashion.tumblr.com/post/23254440023/flawsandall-xbrandon-x-ricci-steez-we MISCELLANEOUS:


(Brown 1973) refers to a commute culture and visual saturation as a part of daily life. “Communities too often, unfortunately, absorb and reflect the wider views around them, particularly if they are promoted heavily in advertising or a PR campaign.”(Cox and Corporation 1995)

PROBLEM:

As a global society, we are facing a current state of resource depletion, social disparity and economic inequity, in an ignorant culture of consumption. Operating in this manner, through an exponential pattern of growth, within a finite biosphere. The current culture of consumption and mass manipulation through media to drive the economy and key stakeholders is both environmentally and socially unsustainable.

SOLUTION: Acknowledge the attitudes and behaviours of Beenleigh locals just as they are and exploit the nature of the essential human relationship with the familiar. By using a systems that already exists and is successfully manipulating behavourial action as a leverage to lead the consumer society to question that exact system while encouraging the exploration of possibility. ‘Architectural marketing’ in conjunction with online social media and image consumption to ignite conviviality and sense of place and leave ample and deliberate spaces which can be filled organically and creatively.

(Birkeland 2008, Brown and Keath 2008, Frampton 2005, Kunstler 2007, Morgan 2006, Wright 2008, Drissen 2012, Rossi et al. 1982)

STATEMENT OF INTENT In stage 2 of the pricincts urban intervention, Cube Inc. aims to create a centre for socio-ecological entrepreneurship that grows from the original stage 1 intervention of co-work spaces. Cube Inc.’s core objective is to empower individuals and groups through the provision of knowledge, tools,


skills and support. Entwining the facility into an urban tapestry of established industry, education, cultural and social institutions provides a broad spectrum of networking capabilities that connects and strengthens the sense of community and place. Using social theory (Brown and Keath 20008), the centre can leverage community engagement through the use of cyclic branding, marketing and continual exposure to new systemic opportunities. The integration of surrounding services has the intrinsic potential to spark radical decarbonisation, radical redistribution of wealth, economic, political and technological revolution. Providing enchanting space for work and progressive thinking that engages people by fortifying their connection to each other as well as to the environment around them. Increasing a sense of pride and ownership across the civic and ecological realm the urban intervention of Innoscape in conjunction with marketing and support from Cube Inc. will aid in reducing rates of crime while improving mental health and social morale in the wider community.

Cube Inc. Construction methods and embodied energy -

-

-

Proposed room sizes have been influenced by standard member sizes to minimize waste. Members may be sourced and re-purposed from derelict buildings in the wider community. Nominated walls as proposed to be constructed using fragments of the demolished tennis courts – i.e. o Concrete rubble sealed and painted black, placed in a cage-like structure. o Wire from the tennis court fence re-purposed to create permeable screens that separate spaces while still providing a visual coherency between spaces Fencing and scaffolding used during construction is repurposed to craft shade screen on the north-west and west facing spaces.


WEEK SEVEN: Refelection on limitations of project one and Furthering Process into Vision for Project two: WHAT CAN I LEARN FROM ASSESSMNT 1 IN MOVING FORWARD TO ASSESSMENT 2: CUBE Inc. as a part of Innoscape, understands the importance of viewing architecture and urban arrangement as a facilitator for a holistic system of operating – like a self-organizing system in the same way that permaculture facilitates the cyclic regeneration. Each element feeding off each of the others and vice versa, as a complete, efficient and self-sustaining ecosystem. Focus of deliverables for an architectural translation of this meta-system are: -

Accessibility Interaction and engagement Mentoring and reverse mentoring – both formally and through incidental interaction Instilling confidence in user’s own ability Governance system to operate services and spaces Cross discipline collaboration due to presence in each other’s work-environment The pooling of creative to support and inspire one another in their individual pursuits – utilizing each others skills and abilities in a pro-active, collaborative way. Operation/programme of building to assist Aesthetics to evoke pride of place, sense of ownership and sense of well being Inception and absolute embodiment of the possibility of adopting a regenerative business model Display the multiple benefits of pursuing the triple bottom line in business management in an astute, clever and elegant manner House champions to further vision – display curated depictions of their success/ work and information on how to follow suit Being an embodiment of how big a difference the built environment can make on people’s wellbeing, work practices, productivity, health and happiness.


WEEK EIGHT: moving forward-

What can the ‘new rules’ in emerging work trends teach us about the required spatial arrangement of office environments? Radical decarbonisation, radical redistribution of wealth, economic, political and technological revolution – how can we embody these notions into an irresistible piece of architecture that engages with the public and evokes a great sense of belonging, support and community for its users?

“The public realm has to inform us, not only where we are geographically, but it has to inform us where we are in our culture; where we’ve come from, what kind of people we are. By doing this, it needs to afford us as glimpse as to where we are going in order for us to dwell in a hopeful future.” James Kunstler, J. H. How bad architecture wrecked cities Cities alive (Arup, 2014), recognizes the potential of regenerative infrastructure, planning and development: “Could an approach to planning and development that recognizes the social, environmental and economic value of green infrastructure not only increase access to public green space, but help make urban areas more resilient to climate change?”

Innoscape aims to adopt ideologies adapted from this text.

Social benefits// 1. Rethinking urban communities 1.1 Encouraging healthy and sustainable lifestyles 1.2 Supporting urban communities 1.3 Investing in livable spaces

Environmental benefits// 2. Smart and resilient environments 2.1 Enabling long-term climate resilience 2.2 Creating smart and connected landscapes 2.3 Fostering urban diversity


Economic benefits// 3. Urban resource streams 3.1 Integrating urban food 3.2 Renewing urban spaces 3.3 Enabling energy and resource efficiency

Vision// All deliveries should be underpinned by and contribute to a large-scale strategic vision. This vision should identify the assets, opportunities, risks and vulnerabilities for a given context. The vision should: - Be driven by what is required in that particular city and context rather than arbitrary standards - Consider what should be delivered where and how the needs of different users and delivery agencies can be satisfied spatially - Set priorities and achieve an optimal balance of complementary functions - Be a core planning policy requirement and integrated into all planning policy themes, rather than a separate initiative or strategy - Contribute to housing, transport, employment, climate change and other policies - Address the needs of a range of stakeholders who have contributed to the development - Be clear how different interests can play a role in delivery and - Set an appropriate scale, considering the network of existing and future assets


Collaboration// Evidence// Tools// Management/Governance// Funding// (arup 2014) Triple bottom line – expanded spectrum of criteria to capture larger companies.

A model for a true regenerative economic system with a focus on local economies and social entrepreneurship has been adapted from Lynch’s 6 principles of regenerative business (2012), Mollison’s approaches to permaculture design and Sirolli’s model for sustainable economic development (2012). In this model, profit is viewed as the economic surplus of well managed enterprise, where relationships between contributors and the community take pride of place and the establishment of pioneering ecological business and social practices pave the way.

REGENERATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS MUST: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Invests in regenerative assets Contributes to communities Collaborates before competing Competes constructively Crafts lasting products of excellence and delivers remarkable services Have brilliant and dynamic marketing Have tremendous financial management Perform as a permaculture practice of systemic societal operation by emulating healthy and productive ecological, social and economic systems which increasingly flourish over time – with a business strategy that is not only admirably profitable but also maximizes its positive impact on the planet


Socio-ecological entrepreneurship :

(team 2014)

Benefits of green infrastructure_ triple bottom line analysis


Shared working space appeals to freelancers, consultants, startups, artists, developers and others who work on their own, but want a professional place to work, network or meet clients. There is no lease to sign and they can scale their commitment up or down depending on work they’ve lined up. In order to reach successful outcomes in today’s global market, Cube inc. needs a clear and defined method of practice outlines in a publically accessible way, this can be achieved through a website, creative marketing strategies and social media campaigns. All outlets should describe such data as: • • -

-

-

-

What is socio-ecological entrepreneurship? Why socio-ecological entrepreneurship? Become a part of an established successful and supportive community of likeminded, driven individuals and businesses. Attract immediate attention and otherwise unlikely clientele through an association with Cube Inc. Capture your business’ distinguished capabilities and establish a “unique value” with the assistance of our in house marketing team – adopt a brand for your business that is easily identifiable, and give you the perceived qualities of being irresistible and miles above the rest in a market swamped with essentially, on-par competitors Nurture and further your talents with world class facilities while learning from the knowledge of your peers in collaborative environment. Gain access to effective communication and marketing tools through the communal creative suite of digital media programs, products and in-house technology available at your fingertips. Learn how to establish lead generators to quickly and efficiently start enquiries and interest rolling in Attract a premium for your service/product through affiliation with the notorious quality and deliverables of Cube Inc. Learn successful adaptive processes - how to successfully identify and satisfy changing consumer demands to ensure the success of your business through in house mentoring and marketing support. Learn how to measure performance and development, through analytical tools to assess the success of your business’ triple bottom line – identify and act upon opportunities to continually innovate. And finally enjoy the benefits of being a part of a progressive reciprocal social economy that nurtures and supports its members in every way possible to ensure the success, happiness health and wellbeing of all involved.

What does socio-ecological entrepreneurship involve?


REGENERATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS MUST: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Invests in regenerative assets Contributes to communities Collaborates before competing Competes constructively Adopt a less is more attitude Crafts lasting products of excellence and delivers remarkable services Have brilliant and dynamic marketing Have tremendous financial management Perform as a permaculture practice of systemic societal operation by emulating healthy and productive ecological, social and economic systems which increasingly flourish over time – with a business strategy that is not only admirably profitable but also maximizes its positive impact on the planet

The process: How can I be a part of Cube Inc.?

STEP 1: Expression of interest – -

Meeting to discuss business opportunity and its applicability to the underlying principles of Cube Inc. Client provides evidence of viability of business idea as well as absolute commitment to the triple bottom line principles. Cube Inc. to provide overview of resources available to assist business start up Benefits spreadsheet and fee schedule to client along with detailed information e-booklet of the ins and outs of becoming an innoscape member and how the social economy could prove to be useful in business startup when cash-flow is still slow.

STEP 2: Project Registration trial period – -

Business is registered within both Innoscape and Cube Inc. Access to all innoscape and Cube Inc, facilities and services at no upfront cost Begin workshops with applicable participants in gaining the knowledge and skills required for business success Access to Cube inc. initiatives

STEP 3: Board review – -

Respond to any requests for further information following submission and anticipate board review.


-

Establish branding proposal and online marketing campaign to build momentum (coming soon…) and offer preview for board discussion Report back on product/service development to align with current market Commence early discussion on media release and launch event at Cube Inc.

STEP 4: Cube Inc. affiliation certification decision – -

Licensing documentation, logos and statutory declaration provided Announcement on Innoscape and Cube Inc. outlets of new business startup with details – media announcement and launch party event coordinated Framed Cube Inc. Certificate provided Business added to the list of socio-ecological certified operations on appropriate affilitate websites and social media Supplied with any required marketing material

STEP 5: Ongoing Review process (bi-annually) -

-

Business specific support provided with opportunity to donate time is order to receive special discounts or the like within the innoscape precinct. Percentage of net income goes to Cube Inc. to pay for rent and services (30% based on cohousing model for min. first two years then reduction negotiated with board). After this period, business can decide to stay within premises or expand off site while still being a part of the innoscape community. Ongoing branding strategy, and ongoing media coordination. Ongoing response to consumer demands and shifting market trends. Annual recertification process.

• • • •

Submitting an application Essential requirements Glossary of terms FAQ

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Working through emerging work trends has brought to the fore the need to re-think office environments and workspace to accommodate new styles of working.

WEEK NINE: spatial configuration and getting to the core of need in an elegant way “The future isn’t a place that we’re going to go. It’s a place that you get to create.” Nancy Duarte

Gary Turk – a spoken word film to disarm the powers of consumerism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__9-VgvZYWM A good resource for further reading on transition from capitalism http://makewealthhistory.org/category/transition-towns/

http://editor.wix.com/html/editor/web/renderer/edit/ebc4c92f-d0d6-47f0-aa1af12845f0dd9a?metaSiteId=f3de50fc-5151-48a9-8518774af247d6f0&editorSessionId=DEFFC420-CD27-419F-838A-E587675F00E4 http://editor.wix.com/html/editor/web/renderer/edit/88b9df2d-df1d-436a-a380db0ede9cfd5b?metaSiteId=df24d1f0-0061-4b6c-ab49-f40df9f4e2c3&editorSessionId=0342F9F1-F5B44608-A88F-85B5D89FF66F


http://www.shareable.net/about Necessity is the mother of great change.

Community wide integrative sustainability objectives


Symbiocity (2015)

Passive technology and green technologies: Cube inc. aims to use passive thermal comfort techniques in order to negate the need for internal artificial temperature control, i.e. air conditioning/heating.these include: -

Thermal mass Passive solar strategies Green roofing Capturing of breezes Maximization of natural light and ventilation of natural light Solar energy generation and store


intervention Energy

implementation - Solar panels - Shared precinct power grid

-

Transport

-

information & communication

-

Precinct Wind energy Create continuous recycling loops, and renewable energy - bring them together in a coordinated strategy City cycle system Walkable community Pedestrian friendly market places and streets over shopping centres fronted with car parks Digital solar powered way finding information stations Community radio broadcast Community events and activities website and social media Shared economy app (gumtree/uber style)

Architecture

- Architecture is pivotal to place making, safety and prosperity

Water supply & sanitation

- aquaponics

regenerative outcome -

to save money and resources - create jobs -improve air and fresh water quality -

- Healthier general public - Improve air quality - Increase visual amenity and street user experience - Save resources simply by listening - Community is well connected and social spheres and existing established organizations reflect this - Increased safety - Increased prosperity - Local sense of belonging - Synthesis of creative, social, sustainable, economic and regenerative features - Across the community


Waste management Food & conviviality air quality restoration Human connection & place making


(Baggs 2013)


(Baggs 2013)

WEEK TEN: The physical built form – outcome of theoretical argument. IMPORTANT NOTE:

The proposed building for Cube inc. is intended to be constructed after 2025 and therefore imagery and media tools should align with the accepted trending standards of that time. However, as these cannot be predicted 10 years in advance, nor should presumptions be made, this presentation uses current and emerging global trends to relay the message more powerfully; the possibility of positive and regenerative change is absolutely achievable through clear and simple marketing techniques that evoke a sense of desire. The outcome simply needs to be marketed as a sexy, cool and popular endeavor and, based on historical events, the public will follow suit. After all,


fashion exists through this notion that everybody wants what everybody wants.

WEEK ELEVEN: Tightening the concept to built form and building programme. New paradigm gains momentum and stage two of the proposed design is like a metaphorical parasite or cellular tumor that binds itself to the body of the building, feeds off of the existing paradigm to gain strength before spreading throughout the rest of the building like an aggressive disease.

Most people move in and out of buildings without giving it much thought aside from judging carpet patterns or wall paper. Little consideration is given to the reasoning behind the architect’s placement of elements particular with regard to theoretical frameworks or esoteric ideologies. So how does the architect meet the inhabitant in the middle and communicate meta-concepts through their interaction with architectural discourse?

Enter - Wabi sabi -

WABI SABI is a Japanese theory based on the idea of the ways in which alternating textures of rough and smooth jolt the viewer’s attention to become more spatially aware and contemplative of their surroundings. Using this approach, Cube Inc. can utilize the building itself to create awareness of positive regenerative approaches, beginning with the user’s spatial experience as they move through the Cube Inc. setting: Different textures on surfaces and the sounds that they create, amplify or deny; how light enters spaces and the contrasting provisions of shade and shadows; differentiation of textures that occurs across levels as one ascends from the ground floor to level one and two and subsequent thresholds that allow the contemplation before entering space; viewing platforms that allow vistas across spaces from working, collaborative and social to the exterior and how the division of the two blurred using wabi shabi.


This creates am awareness of your surroundings and intern (hopefully), the enchantment and delight found in the user’s spatial experience will both enrich their day to day lives in encountering the building and provoke the use of similar regenerative constructs throughout their external lives. It is Cube Inc.’s Intention to infuse work space with the same positive physical and prescribed behavioral ideals that are necessary for the thriving future of society. Cube Inc. can essentially be seen as the intersection between macro, micro and meso (regime) systems as described by Brown and Keath in Multi-level theory, therefore its purpose remains to spark, nurture and maintain the systemic regeneration at all levels. Capturing the imagination of what could be and displaying how this ‘idealist scenario’ can be easily achieved through shared knowledge and resources, while building socio-ecological momentum through the use of marketing campaigns that celebrate the success of the regenerative model in a cool, edgy and sexy way. From here, Cube Inc. will use insight gained from Brown’s social theory’ to pin point the upward slop of the regenerative model as it gains momentum and adapt, shift and re-appropriate as necessary to maintain the upward curve of regeneration into mainstream acceptance and widespread application. The business’s housed in Cube Inc. exemplify a broad range of niches across the expanding regenerative landscape and pinpoint strategic markets that collect followings Define eco-sociological enterprise

WEEK TWELVE: Exploring the current market and marketing techniques.

As we are in the midst of the information (technological) age and on the verge of the age of regeneration, the general public has never been more informed and therefore commercial marketing practice has had to adapt accordingly. Whereas before, information was communicated visually through the use of printed media, i.e. magazines and newspapers as well as signage and billboards, the new school approach to advertising and marketing is much more strategic yet encompassing. Online digital marketing processes of the current day, track individual online activity and surround each subsequent page accessed with advertising related to that individuals perceived wants or lifestyle choices. Contemporary advertisements have also learned psychological triggers of their target markets and use such triggers within imagery and/or language in order to persuade the viewer to purchase. Animation, sounds and effects are also introduced within this new era of marketing so distraction surrounds us everywhere in our online lives. QUESTION: How can local business positively grow in a landscape of globalisation, urban decay, segregation and resource depletion, not to mention financial recession? THE ANSWER:


Advantages of working at cube inc

Regenerative Business Models reducing over heads supplement income innovate - become a leader for positive change; embody that change - use yourself as an image for successful outcome; market that success collaborate market effectively exceptional financial management Enjoy advantages of shorter commute Global network of successful entrepreneurs Discounts and innovate club member advantages to a wide range of events, tools and facilities Learning from successful mentors Less overheads due to shared facilities Professional meeting rooms to engage with clients The option of shared or private work spaces Being a part of a community of likeminded individuals Ongoing support for you and your business Feel free with the ability for short term, no lock in contracts and hot desking opportunities Choice of sitting, cubicle or stand up desk space- storage options also available Full time office space available Close to Public transport, green on been produce exchange, supermarket, retail and Bicycle storage facilities End of trip facilities Take advantage of in-house workshops covering branding, marketing, social media and professional development.

WEEK THIRTEEN: transformation.


Not unlike religion, fashion and trends provide people with an avenue to express where they wish to sit within society in terms of social order. In most western cultures, religion is no longer the super power that it once was in terms of influence on social, political, and economic control on society. In the new social order, Fashion provides symbolic themes of desire and ambition, portraying the everchanging ideals of success from which people perpetually aspire to, but will most likely never attain thus the behavior and response continues. Such themes play to basic the human desire to belong, to be a part of a wider collection of society, and to be accepted among peers as a valid human being. Therefore fashion is symbolic in its deeply entrenched subliminal visual cues, built up over centuries of layered social meaning. It provides structure and order to people’s lives. Fashion elicits guiding principles which gives the public the structure they seek, a structure once provided by the rules and guiding principles of religious practice. Although religion is an ever present practice in our society, the rich, dazzling and alluring overtones of fashion have persuaded many to move from the former to the latter, or at least glorify fashion over religion as a following in a social sense. In the capitalist machine, the control comes not from the fear of impending damnation to an afterlife in hell, but from the fear of social rejection were one not to follow the prescribed order of the minute. Monetary exchange moves from donation to the church, to donation to the corporation for disposable artefacts of fleeting desirability at the expense of exploited manufacturing cultures and the benefit of marjinal profit. Fashion is encompassing across the modern world. Clothing and consumer products, professions, locations, activities and even food groups, are all a part of cyclic subcultural trends. Architecture is not immune – Denise Scott Brown, prominent architect, author and architectural theorist, describes this condition in her writing “Learning from Pop.” Scott Brown considers trending elements and artifacts of society as architecture as a fashion trend has the ability to alter people’s perception on selected topics through sophisticated adoption of existing successful marketing and publicity techniques. On a physical level, spatial planning to promote or discourage certain interactions, denial or allowance of views both internally and externally also promote certain behaviours and subliminal mindfulness of settings. A thorough and competent knowledge of materiality and human perception of light, colour and texture also assists in the procurement of architecture that speaks to human sensory perception and visual sensibilities.

WEEK FOURTEEN: DETAIL


Gabion walls: http://retaildesignblog.net/2012/05/10/cafe-ato-by-design-bono-seoul/

Hempcrete with lime render: http://divisare.com/projects/289562-act-romegialli-la-piscina-delroccolo/images/5120511


Rammed earth: http://o.homedsgn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Barn-in-Soglio-15.jpg

Black steel members against natural muted colour and texture: http://www.ignant.de/2014/07/31/staircase-by-storage-associati/


Raw stone sinks: http://www.ignant.de/2014/07/31/staircase-by-storage-associati/

WAL TEXTURE: http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/rustic-bathrooms-181521


Furniture: http://facingnorthwithgracia.blogspot.se/


Architectural MARKETING TECHNIQUE: novelty and interaction




DAN101_REPORT REFERENCES

Alexander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein. 1977. A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. Armour, t, Hargrave, J and Luebkemen, C. 2014. Cities Alive: Re-thinking Green Infrastrcuture edited by Foresight. London: Arup. Baggs, D. 2013. Thermal Mass & its Role in Building Comfort and Energy Efficiency Ecospecifier Global. Birkeland, Janis. 2008. Positive development: from vicious circles to virtuous cycles through built environment design. London: Earthscan. Brown, Denise Scott. 1973. "Learning From Pop." The Journal of Popular Culture no. VII (2):387-401. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3840.1973.0702_387.x. Brown, Rebekah R., and Nina A. Keath. 2008. "Drawing on Social Theory for Transitioning to Sustainable Urban Water Management: Turning the Institutional Super-tanker." Australian Journal of Water Resources no. 12 (2):73-83. Cox, Eva, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1995. A truly civil society. Vol. 1995. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books. Drissen, John. 2012. The Urban Transformation of Medellin, Colombia. In Architecture in Development Frampton, Kenneth. 2005. "The work of architecture in the age of commodification." Harvard Design Magazine (23):64-69. Illich, Ivan. 2002. Deschooling society. New York; London: Marion Boyars. Kobayashi, Carolina Blanco and Hidetsugu. 2009. "Urban Transformation in Slum Districts Through Public Space Generation and Cable Transportation at North Eastren Area: Medellin, Columbia." The Journal of International Social research no. 2/8. Kunstler, J. H. . 2007. How bad architecture wrecked cities. In Alternative energy · Architecture · Cars · Cities · Consumerism · Culture · Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1ZeXnmDZMQ. Lynch, Mathew. 2012. Beyond Sustainability: the Story of a Reformed Capitalist. TED. Mollison, Bill, and Andrew Jeeves. 1988. Permaculture: a designers' manual. Tyalgum, N.S.W: Tagari Publications. Morgan, Faith. 2006. The Power of Communities: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil. The Community Solution. Ranchhod, Ashok, Claire Gauzente, and Julie Tinson. 2004. Marketing strategies: a twenty-first century approach. New York; Harlow, England: FT/Prentice Hall. Rossi, Aldo, Peter Eisenman, Arts Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine, Architecture Institute for, and Studies Urban. 1982. The architecture of the city. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Sirolli, Ernesto. 2012. Truly sustainable economic development In Ted x talks: Ted Conferences team, Arup Landscape Architecture and Foresight + Research + Innovation. 2014. Cities Alive: Rethinking Green Infrastructure. Arup Wright, Julia. 2008. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in an Era of Oil Scarcity: Lessons from Cuba: Earthscan. Valeryanovna, S. P. (2012). Ecological entrepreneurship as a basis for social responsibility of business. International Journal of Economic Sciences, I(1), 56–64. Olsson, P., and V. Galaz (2012). Social-ecological innovation and transformation. Stockholm resilience centre. Retrieved from: http://www.stockholmresilience.org/21/research/research-news/4-13-2012time-for-social-ecological-innovations.html


Alexander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein. 1977. A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. Armour, t, Hargrave, J and Luebkemen, C. 2014. Cities Alive: Re-thinking Green Infrastrcuture edited by Foresight. London: Arup. Baggs, D. 2013. Thermal Mass & its Role in Building Comfort and Energy Efficiency Ecospecifier Global. Birkeland, Janis. 2008. Positive development: from vicious circles to virtuous cycles through built environment design. London: Earthscan. Brown, Denise Scott. 1973. "Learning From Pop." The Journal of Popular Culture no. VII (2):387-401. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3840.1973.0702_387.x. Brown, Rebekah R., and Nina A. Keath. 2008. "Drawing on Social Theory for Transitioning to Sustainable Urban Water Management: Turning the Institutional Super-tanker." Australian Journal of Water Resources no. 12 (2):73-83. Cox, Eva, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1995. A truly civil society. Vol. 1995. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books. Drissen, John. 2012. The Urban Transformation of Medellin, Colombia. In Architecture in Development Frampton, Kenneth. 2005. "The work of architecture in the age of commodification." Harvard Design Magazine (23):64-69. Kobayashi, Carolina Blanco and Hidetsugu. 2009. "Urban Transformation in Slum Districts Through Public Space Generation and Cable Transportation at North Eastren Area: Medellin, Columbia." The Journal of International Social research no. 2/8. Kunstler, J. H. . 2007. How bad architecture wrecked cities. In Alternative energy · Architecture · Cars · Cities · Consumerism · Culture · Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1ZeXnmDZMQ. Lynch, Mathew. 2012. Beyond Sustainability: the Story of a Reformed Capitalist. TED. Mollison, Bill, and Andrew Jeeves. 1988. Permaculture: a designers' manual. Tyalgum, N.S.W: Tagari Publications. Morgan, Faith. 2006. The Power of Communities: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil. The Community Solution. Rossi, Aldo, Peter Eisenman, Arts Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine, Architecture Institute for, and Studies Urban. 1982. The architecture of the city. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. team, Arup Landscape Architecture and Foresight + Research + Innovation. 2014. Cities Alive: Rethinking Green Infrastructure. Arup Wright, Julia. 2008. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in an Era of Oil Scarcity: Lessons from Cuba: Earthscan. (Alexander, Ishikawa, and Silverstein 1977, Armour 2014, Lynch 2012, Mollison and Jeeves 1988) (Kobayashi 2009) __-


1

APPENDIX

GRASSROOTS INTERVENTIONCASE STUDIES GROWN IN DETROIT

these growers by providing a space to sell at Detroit-based farmers’ markets and restaurants as well as by assisting growers with production, harvest, and post-harvest handling education and resources.”

Background:

http://detroitagriculture.net/adult-education-programs/

“Since its inception in 2006, “GROWN IN DETROIT” has become a household name for those seeking to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables grown in the city. ‘Grown in Detroit’ produce is grown by families & youth in community gardens and urban farms throughout Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park. The Grown in Detroit cooperative supports

What does the organization do? - The Grown in Detroit cooperative supports growers by providing a space to sell at Detroit-based farmers’ markets and restaurants as well as by assisting growers with production, harvest, and post-harvest handling education and


community and school gardens, we coordinate a number of comprehensive educational opportunities which not only facilitate skill building, but also provide complementary resources, technical assistance and leadership training to build the capacity of the gardeners and their projects. · urban roots: Each winter, the Urban Roots Community Gardening Training Program provides training to community leaders in community organizing and horticulture skills as they develop or expand their community garden projects. During this 9week, 45-hour course, students also build a foundation of knowledge, tools and leadership capacity from which their gardens will blossom. ▪ Season extension & farm planning: Spurred by the market demand - With over 70 varieties of fruits and vegetables distributed for more local produce and many gardeners’ desire to extend throughout the season, even the most experienced gardener the Michigan growing season, this series teaches gardeners of may need some guidance with how to properly plan, grow, all skill levels the basics of season extension and provides harvest, store and cook the fruits of their labor. Each year, the gardeners with the appropriate tools to extend their season Detroit Urban Garden Education Series offers a series of cooking and food preservation classes aimed at turning the abundance of garden fresh vegetables into nutritious, tasty, · Sweet on detroit: and easy to make meals for families. Urban Bee keeping training and interaction opportunities - (urban) farm fresh cooking series For gardeners looking to - Market garden training program make the most of their garden fresh produce in the kitchen, - Garden resource program: providing free seedling to groups/ the (Urban) Farm Fresh Cooking Series offers hands-on individuals - interested in starting a gardening or urban farming cooking classes featuring growing, harvesting and storage tips project as well as nutrition basics for the seasonal harvest. - Each year members and supporters of the Garden Resource - Tour de farm Tour De Farm takes gardeners and farmers from Program pack tens of thousands of seed packets and grow the city to visit farms across Michigan to learn from the hundreds of thousands of vegetable transplants for distribution to abundant agriculture roots of our great State! urban gardeners and farmers across the Detroit, Hamtramck, and · Comprehensive educational opportunities (both school based Highland Park. and adult education) To encourage and support thriving

resources: - Adult Education Programs - Urban garden education series With classes ranging from basic gardening and pest management to farm planning and season extension, the Detroit Urban Garden Education Series offers more than 30 workshops each year to complement the resources distributed through the Garden Resource Program. A program of the Garden Resource Program Collaborative, these hands-on workshops, taught in gardens across the city, provide gardeners with the experience and skills to transform urban spaces and backyards into thriving, chemical free and productive gardens.


· How do they help the individual in need? Providing skills and knowledge in the areas of: - urban farming, - bee keeping, - business start up and operation, - basic horticulture, - food harvest, - storage, - basic nutrition and - food preparation. · How do they function? - non-for-profit - volunteers · What physical space/ objects/ funding is needed to in order to make this happen? - building/ structure/facilities for teaching and learning - seedling store and prep - bee-keeping equipment - food prep, storage and cooking - garden/harvest equipment and storage · ·

Limitations: run on volunteer basis does not provide emotional/mental health support does not provide continues business support How could the merger of organizations/collaboration benefit the user in a more far-reaching, comprehensive way? - great start for co-lab example

- could collaborate with organizations to feed people into project as a possibility for life change or just to learn new skills or meet new people - Could work with organizations to provide continued support and coaching in multiple areas - Could be used as a vehicle to reach people through positive engagement to amount to positive change. Further resources: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN_zYk2KIDU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEI__dwgvB0

HIVES FOR HUMANITY Background: “On a vacant lot next door to the insite supervised drug injection facility in Vancouver’s gritty Downtown Eastside, a busy little beehive is teaching people about hope and redemption and erasing long-held misconceptions. For Jim McLeod, at 36 still battling issues with drug addiction, caring for the hive of honey-producing bees has taught him patience and how to look beyond the day-to-day stresses of trying to survive in Canada’s poorest neighbourhood. Julia Common has created Hives for Humanity, a non-profit group


that works with Downtown Eastside residents teaching them about the restorative power of beekeeping. It has also been restorative for her: Common had long feared going to the DTES, where her daughter works with residents in need. But through the beekeeping exercise, which has now expanded to 11 hives and is heading towards 60 this year, Common has learned how tight-knit the DTES is as a community. Common has spent about $60,000 of her own money to start the program. A number of non-profit groups own their own beehives and will profit from the honey and wax produced. But the real value of the program is in giving a number of people beekeeping skills, which is also helping them with a sense of purpose.� (Levenston (2013)

What does the organization do? - Non-for-profit community organization that reaches out to underprivileged communities in Vancouver Canada. Programs run focus primarily on drug rehabilitation by giving participants purpose based coping skills and rebuilding damaged confidence through the act of bee-keeping in the city’s urban farms and community gardens. How do they help the individual in need? - Programs build relationships and social interaction with other participants as well as other community members/ groups using the gardens - Helps remove the stigma associated with drug re-habilitation. - Therapeutic benefits of creating something of tangible purpose, using your hands, contact with green space and vegetation as well as being outdoors. How do they function?

- CEO of Hives for humanity has funded the project from which, local community groups work together with residents in need to produce the honey and wax products. The products are then sold and the money raised benefits the needy and other community aid initiatives What physical space/ objects/ funding is needed to in order to make this happen? - open space, allotments, existing gardens or wild plants - hives to keep bees - Safety equipment (beekeeping masks, gloves and netting) - Bee keeping equipment Limitations: - this program is limited by lack of facilities and funding - it lacks furthering education programs - benefits for drug re-habilitation ends with social engagement and sense of purpose. How could the merger of organizations/collaboration benefit the user in a more far-reaching, comprehensive way? - collaboration with mental health centers would improve participant outcome - if profit could benefit participant in more direct way - if further empowerment knowledge, life and coping skills could be incorporated into education in a non invasive way. - Having provisions in place where people can show interest and/or ask for help in gaining skills/ furthering their education/ getting support.


Further reading: Downtown Eastside Vancouver beehive is buzzing about hope, redemption Linked by Michael Levenston http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Downtown+Eastside+b eehive+buzzing+about+hope+redemption/8175833/story.html#ixzz 2RisGcC3s

This hive of activity offers beekeepers a touch of therapeutic renewal By Jeff Lee
Vancouver Sun
March 31, 2013: http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Downtown +Eastside+beehive+buzzing+about+hope+redemption/817583 3/story.html#ixzz2RiRzymjx

NORTHEY ST CITY FARM Background: Northey St city farm is an allotment based city garden project with a focus on fresh organic produce and urban farming with market sale outcomes. It provides interested parties with land allotments for a small fee much like those seen in across Europe and the UK. It also provides a center for certified organic farmers to sell their produce to locals on a weekly basis through their Sunday farmers markets. Educational programs are on offer but a fee is charged making this service unattainable to the disadvantaged and lowincome demographics. School groups are encouraged to participate in urban horticulture demonstrations. This is linked with nutrition based learning which is particularly beneficial.

What does the organization do? - Provide land allotments to avid gardeners with a focus on organic farming techniques and sustainable practice/living. - Sustainable living workshops - School activities and group tours - Permaculture design Courses How do they help the individual in need? - programs are run for school groups to promote urban horticulture


- all other programs run on cost basis – discounts are given to pensioners - provide lessons in horticulture, sustainable living etc. How do they function? - The entire operation is run by the city garden manger – paid position - Profit to run operation comes from site rental and class cost and market stall rental - No services are free What physical space/ objects/ funding is needed to in order to make this happen? - Land - Plot provisions and equipment - Seed storage - Seed raising facilities - Water facilities - Compost and storage - Mulch and storage - Gardening tools and storage - Monetary exchange facility Limitations: - Programs run at $50 + per class and often run for a few weeks - Limited land means efficient use of space - Limited education programs – more so for the home gardener than the benefit of the wider community How could the merger of organizations/collaboration benefit the user in a more far-reaching, comprehensive way? - Site could be used as a part of community based projects

-

-

benefitting the disadvantaged. Horticulture therapy initiatives Respite centres could engage the site in order to provide activities for the patients while teaching them valuable nutrition and life skills On days not frequented, site could be used by bee keepers to foster collaboration between community organizations to profit from honey and wax related products as a part of a broader scheme. Opportunity for drug and alcohol rehabilition, to be a part of a dry area working toward positive outcomes. womens centres, eating disorder and mental health clinics as well as disadvantaged children etc to come together in a comminty collaboration approach to mental wellness and well being.

JAMIE’S MINISTRY OF FOOD AUSTRALIA Background: Jamie’s Ministry of Food aims to educate, empower and inspire people to love and enjoy good food, learning how to cook, understanding where it comes from and recognising the power it can have on health, happiness and finances. The Good Foundation has partnered with Jamie Oliver and The


Good Guys to build, equip and run community based Jamie’s Ministry of Food centres, both permanent and mobile, around Australia. They will deliver community education programs about cooking and nutrition to youth and adults. http://www.thegoodfoundation.com.au/ministry-of-food/ What does the organization do? - Provides skills training in the field of nutrition, health, cooking, food sourcing and storage. How do they help the individual in need? - By demonstrating easy cooking techniques at low cost and high speed. - Individuals and groups learn important life skills/nutritional How do they function? - They operate with employee-based demonstrations both in permanent locations and in a mobile facility that travels interstate What physical space/ objects/ funding is needed to in order to make this happen? - Enclosed space - Kitchen and cooking implements - Refrigeration - Utensils - Produce and ingredients - Serving implements, cutlery and dining furniture

Limitations: - Programs run at a small cost to pay for operation although it is mostly funded by donations and funds How could the merger of organizations/collaboration benefit the user in a more far-reaching, comprehensive way? - The good thing about a private organization such as this one is that it requires individuals to take action for themselves in seeking out the service – this means that their initiative shows desire to make positive change. This aligns with the notion “you lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink.” The information at the ministry of food is more likely to be heeded as the individual takes it upon himself or herself to seek it. - Organizations could point interested parties in the direction of this service. - Exposure by force may lead to resistance


LARGE SCALE INTERVENTIONCASE STUDIES URBAN RENEWAL – MEDILLIN, COLUMBIA Background: - Rising population and an increase in informal housing (slums and favelas), social problems, economic disparity and a vast escalation of crime sparked the municipality of Medilin to engage in a process to help stamp out the problem. - The city of Medellin enlisted the help of Urban Designer Alejandro Echeverri to map out the area and instill a series of architectural and infrastructural interventions to empower residents. - A comprehensive strategy of architecture and urbanism was enlisted to drive social development. solutions to mobility, governance and education together with the recovery of public space and green areas. - The aim of this strategy was to empower the most impoverished sectors of the city communist groups, paramilitaries or illicit drug rings (often over run with crime syndicates with drug trafficking being one of the primary industries as well as sources of crime.) is to recover the poorest sectors of the city that until recently, were dominated

by communist groups, paramilitaries or drug smugglers. These specific plans are executed through the Integral Urban Project (PUI)2, the Land Use Plan (POT)3 and the Master Plan for Green zones 4. They usually make part of one or two Macro Projects or "Structuring Axis" that become catalysts to smaller public space projects and infrastructure interventions around a specific area. Medellin has opted for a different strategy to use the architecture and urbanism as a tool for social development. The results are visible in physical, functional and social changes. And most of all, the change in attitude of the inhabitants and their pride in their new urban spaces.


Parque Biblioteca La Ladera © Municiaplity of Medellin

Metrocable of Medellin © J. Drissen

Infrastructure of Medellin © PUI


A list of the most important strategic projects: • • • • • • • • •

Línea K Metro Cable en la Comuna Nor-oriental, spans 2,0 km (2004) Orquideorama del Jardín Botánico, (Architect, Plan B Arquitectos + JPRCR Arquitectos, 2006) La Biblioteca España (Architect, Giancarlo Mazzanti, 2007) El Colegio en Santo Domingo Savio (Architect, Obranegra arquitectos, 2009) El Parque Explora (Architect, Alejandro Echeverri, 2007) Linea J Metro Cable Comuna Occidental, spans 2,9 km (2008) Los reacondicionamientos de los Coliseos para los juegos Sur Americanos (Architect, Giancarlo Mazzanti, 2010) Las piscinas de la Unidad Deportiva Atanasio Girardot (Architect, Paisajes Emergentes, 2010) Parque Biblioteca Pública León de Greiff (Architect, Giancarlo Mazzanti, 2011)

Library and Park of Medellin © Municipality of Medellin

-------------------------------------------------------------


What does the organization do?

Implement various urban and architectural plans through joint intersectoral and interagency coordination.

How do they help the individual in need? implemented projects that reflected his interest in improving the education system through new schools and libraries parks with high architectural value, symbolizing a "New Medellin" in order to show that violence can be fought by means of cultural development and social inclusion 8. - Improving visual amenity - Improving public safety - Proving infrastructure for public transport, public spaces and publically accessible places of learning. How do they function? - Community consultation and engagement - Designer intervention - Municipal funding

Diagram source: (Kobayashi 2009)

What physical space/ objects/ funding is needed to in order to make this happen? Funding has come from the Municipality of Medellin and space has been acquired through community consultation nd negotiation. Limitations: The density of the urban grid and the informal nature of the housing in the slums has meant that development has been a delicate operation as to not resort to gentrification in order to ensuer the success of interventions. Rather, the municipality of Medellin has opted to follow the natural progression of housing, local services and connectivity. How could the merger of organizations/collaboration benefit


the user in a more far-reaching, comprehensive way? The implementation of the city's urban development is in the charge of the "Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano del Municipio de Medellin" EDU 9 (Urban Development Corporation of the Municipality of Medellin). This organization has become extremely important to design, manage and implement various urban and architectural plans through joint intersectorial and interagency coordination.

“The efforts of the community, the city management and architects are admirable. It is a great achievement for a city with a young urban planning history; with the shared aim to position Medellin on the world's map as an entrepreneurial city together with other major cities in the region.�

SYMBIOCITY Background: - SymbioCity is an entry point to holistic and sustainable urban development. - Symbiosis is the integration of two or more organisms in a mutually beneficial union. For us, symbiosis means finding synergies between urban systems. An approach that saves natural resources and gives us more for less. - Providing a healthy and livable city environment for growing urban populations while reducing our ecological footprint is a global challenge. We need to develop urban areas in a way that saves resources, drives sustainable growth, enhances human capital and alleviates poverty. This challenge demands smart solutions today if we are not to compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs tomorrow. What does the organization do? - Provides a framework of possibilities and actions from which communities can gather the needed information to transform into more equitable, sustainable and regenerative places for residents. - Provides consulting and organizational services to clients in need of community shaping guidance and instruction. - Focus on small input - maximum impact integration How do they help the individual in need? - Helps communities to help themselves


- SymbioCity Scenarios aim to increase awareness of some of the

What physical space/ objects/ funding is needed to in order to make this happen?

- a

- Symbiocity would need little more than an office and a digital platform to operate (ie. Website) - Staff would be needed to operate the website, gather information as well as perform consulting tasks

numerous opportunities available to local councils seeking to steer their cities towards sustainable development.

How do they function? “SymbioCity is a Swedish government initiative run by Business Sweden in partnership with Swedish enterprise. Business Sweden oversees the SymbioCity trademark and promotes national exports on behalf of the Swedish government and industry. Business Sweden was founded on January 1, 2013, by a merger of the Swedish Trade Council with Invest Sweden. The organization is jointly owned by the Swedish government and the private business. We have offices in 60 countries and work closely with trade associations, embassies, and chambers of commerce to promote Sweden internationally. The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) and SKL International have developed the publication “The SymbioCity Approach – a conceptual framework to sustainable urban development”. The framework gathers Swedish methodology and experiences with emphasis on local government practices. Based on the approach, SKL International works with a wide range of interventions aiming to improve living conditions for urban citizens, primarily in developing and transitional countries.”

Limitations: - The free online access to required tools and information make symbiocity an equitable, user friendly and comprehensive tool. - Most of the instruction is written text and therefore those who are vision impaired or just general unable to read dense texts would not be able to us the online platform without the adequate money to pay for consulting services. How could the merger of organizations/collaboration benefit the user in a more far-reaching, comprehensive way? - Symbiocity is a good example of the power of collaboration between government departments, academia and private business.


Further Reading:

Learning from Sweden:

Historic moments in ecological progress according to Sybiocity (2015):

1952-1974: -

Central Government transferred wide ranging powers to local municipal councils = de-centralisation strong local framework to make real and lasting change on the ground Municipalities were given the right to levi income tax, therefore they were able to invest long-term strategies into green technologies such as boi-gas Goverance took an integrative and holistic approach to sustainable development Spurred cooperation between the public sector, private business and academia

1967: environmental protection agency 1969: environ protection act -

companies held responsible for their environmental foot print government system of incentives for eco-friendly technology gov funding for industrial research programms to develop new ways to tackle environmental challenges late 1970’s: major leader in filtration technologies

“Unlocking the synergies between urban systems delivers more for less”

Business Sweden, Regeneringskanliet and SKL International (contributors). (2015). Sweden’s Eco-history – How a Small Country Became Big in Cleantech. Symbiocity. Retrieved from: http://www.symbiocity.org/en/approach/

BUILDING BLOCKS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE URBAN REGENERATION:

WASTE: Minimizing landfills and restoring or redeveloping old waste disposal sites. Digestion of biodegradable waste, septic sludge, wastewater sludge and similar materials – potentially a feasible option for small-scale energy and biogas production. Minimizing industrial waste and phasing out hazardous substances through collaboration between business, environmental managers and waste collectors. Encouraging water utilities and waste collectors to work together to prevent dumping of waste and septic sludge in stormwater and wastewater catchment areas. Collecting and recycling waste fractions such as metals, glass, paper and cardboard, plastics, batteries and hazardous substances.


GET ACCESS TO EXCESS WATER AND SANITATION: Grey and black water mixed with household biowaste can be used to make biogas and then upgraded for use as vehicle fuel or in heating and electricity generation.

Energy-smart planning and design in homes can save large sums of money. In industry, excess heat from production processes is an often-neglected energy source waiting to be exploited instead of being wasted.

Bioresidue left after fermentation to biogas is an agricultural nutrient that can reduce the use of artificial fertilizer.

Selling surplus energy can even provide the extra revenue a company needs to survive. Waste heat and energy is easy to recover with a district heating and cooling system (DHC).

Digestion of biodegradable waste, septic sludge, wastewater sludge and similar products may also be a feasible option for small-scale energy production.

Local resources like wind, solar, geothermal power and bioenergy can play a key role in this arena, too. DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING – OUR ENERGY HEROES

MAKE THE MOST OF WATER Smart, integrated management of wastewater conserves a valuable resource and enhances local communities. Treatment systems, for instance for stormwater, that capture water in ponds and treatment beds can provide a major visual lift. With good planning and planning, stormwater traps can be attractive public spaces and also have a cooling effect – a valuable asset in hot and arid climates. COOPERATION IS NEEDED Effective cooperation between water supply authorities and agencies in charge of sanitation and wastewater management is needed to get the most from our water supply and sanitation sector. Drinking water sources are too often polluted by wastewater, sludge and sanitary waste.

ENERGY:

Sweden has long been an international leader in planning and designing combined heat and power plants and connecting them to district heating grids. District heating is ten times more efficient than individual household heaters and can keep entire cities warm. If Europe had the same ratio of district heating as Sweden, the European Union would meet its Kyoto CO₂ targets four times over. YOU DECIDE WHERE TO START All sorts of actions can be taken at many different levels. Your city’s local conditions ultimately decide where the benefits of more effective energy production lie. Some ideas: Rising demand for energy to cool industries and offices can be offset by effective urban planning combined with improved building design, leaner production processes, energy-efficient equipment, and district cooling systems that use cold water from lakes or the sea. Waste incineration is a potential option for large combined heat and power systems. Great environmental


care must be taken and the best available technology used to curb dioxin emissions. Cooperation between energy utilities and industrial users can cut peak power loads for improved energy supply reliability. Fermentation of biodegradable septic sludge, wastewater sludge or similar waste for small and medium-scale biogas production for heating, electricity or even vehicle fuel.

INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION: Smart logistics save on transport fuel, electricity, heating and storage space. Digital communications reduce transport need. Smart power grids avoid peak loads, save electricity and utilize multiple energy sources. Intelligent monitoring helps users, buildings and factories become highly energy efficient. Defined measurement and evaluation systems facilitate mayors’ decisions. Digital service delivery in sectors such health services, education and e-government. TRANSPORT: Plan urban spaces to include bicycle lanes, walking paths and bus lanes. Find new ways to integrate renewable energy and fuel in city transport systems.

Initiate new forms of collaboration between public transport operators, urban planners and business to reduce private vehicle use. Implement large-scale introduction of biofuels, environmental zoning, restricted access zones, speed limits, and differentiated road pricing to reduce carbon footprint and phase out fossil fuels. Install intelligent transport services (ITS), including urban traffic management and control applications, for reduced congestion and increased transport efficiency. Introduce driver support systems that optimize driver performance, fuel economy and road safety. Create more efficient public transport with bus rapid transit (BRT) systems and provide real-time travel information through information technology.

ARCHITECTRE: Practical design combining function, technology and aesthetics with affordability. Inclusive and collaborative processes to integrate users in design dialogue. Cost-effective, eco-friendly construction Healthy building materials Energy efficiency throughout the process Experience in designing prefabricated systems. Affordable design.


High construction standards

Making a city sustainable requires careful planning to create an attractive, healthy and safe place to live. A diverse range of considerations – spatial, environmental, social and economic – must all be integrated and combined across multiple areas. From housing and industry to recreation and culture. So the whole can truly be greater than the sum of its parts.

minimize the cost of transport and energy and water supply system connections Early planning improves rainwater collection LANDSCAPE AND URABN PLANNING: Purifying areas of water, promoting their biodiversity and using them for recreation. Integrating green space planning and storm water management by creating attractive open ponds and ditches that regulate water levels.

BUILDING AND INDUSTRY:

Restoring brownfield sites into green areas and parks for recreation.

THINKING IT ALL THROUGH

Redeveloping closed landfills as green areas and for recreational use.

The question applies at every step. All residential and commercial areas require plans for water and sanitation facilities, waste collection and possible source separation. Industrial zones need to be planned with an eye on residents’ health and well-being. FINDING BENEFITS FOR ALL

Establishing green wedges and corridors in conjunction with paths for cycling and walking. Using green areas to help schoolchildren understand ecology and the environment

Pursuing the right approach from the start offers major advantages. Industrial plant location can be adapted to prevailing winds and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Waste separation and collection facilities can be planned for multiple access and use. Planning good public transport links to city centers and commercial zones can increase local prosperity. OTHER BENEFITS Building new residential areas in areas well served by transport networks and public infrastructure can

Business Sweden, Regeneringskanliet and SKL International. (2015). Unlocking synergies for sustainable urban living. Symbiocity. Retrieved from: http://www.symbiocity.org/en/approach/


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APPENDIX

APPLIED SOCIAL THEORY Brown and Keath propose that approaching a transformative action by integrating across three key areas, provides a potentially powerful framework for understanding the strategic levers required to assist in accelerating a transition toward regenerative urban development:

1. Technology Diffusion helps us to understand the process by which technologies are taken up into mainstream practice and the stages at which sustainability technologies often fail. - It iss useful for understanding the multiple stages in technology adoption.

2. The Model of Receptivity is a useful tool for assessing the receptivity of recipients to new technologies and practices, and identifying the policy interventions required to build receptivity where it is lacking - Offers a template for assessing the willingness and capacity of individuals and organisations (operating at the meso- and micro-levels) to learn about, accept and acquire new technologies or approaches (being developed at the micro-level).

3. Transition Theory provides an analytical framework for understanding the architecture of a socio-technical transition from one system state to another. - Is useful for understanding the multiple stages in technology adoption.

Brown and Keath (2008) have adapted FIGURE 1 from the sustainability scholarship to portray the adoption/rejection of sustainable technologies using the Technology Diffusion method. The graph demonstrates the substantial resistance to change that emergent sustainability technologies face. While some technologies


advance through the take-off period and may experience some acceleration, there is often a crucial point where momentum is lost.

FIGURE 1: TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION

The Technology Diffusion concept shows us that sustainability technologies often fail at the point when they are moving from the niche (micro-level) and into the dominant regime (mesolevel). The multi-level concept reveals that regimes are usually stable and dominated by relatively rigid cultural and social based rules and norms. The Model of Receptivity helps us to understand that the likelihood of new technologies or approaches succeeding will

probably be low if they do not align with the dominant values and conventions within the regime. However, the multilevel concept highlights the powerful influence of macro-level pressure for destabilising the regime and triggering system-wide transitions. It also shows us the way in which niche actors at the micro-level can help in shaping the nature of transitions occurring at the regime level.


FIGURE 2: MODEL OF RECEPTIVITY

Phase Awareness

Definition Knowledge of a problem or need; Knowledge of an innovation

Association

Recognition of the benefit of this Knowledge in association with needs

Acquisition

Capacity to acquire new skills and systems, and process and learn behaviours in order to apply the innovation

Application

Motivation and incentives to practically apply and implement the new approach

The Model of Receptivity recognizes that new technologies, approaches and systems will almost certainly be rejected if they do not align with the dominant values, conventions and underlying ideologies of the Meso-level regime. Brown and Keath (2008) suggest that intervention from the Macro-level be a powerful instigator at the regime level to activate system-wide transformation.

However, the multilevel concept highlights the powerful influence of macro-level pressure for destabilizing the regime and triggering system-wide transitions. Furthermore, this model demonstrates the way in which “niche actors� at the micro-level aid in shaping the nature of the transformation occurring at Regime level.

The micro level sees actors of local entrepreneurship operating in positive and progressive ways at speed, that filter through regenerative business and social capital models and into the regime level.

(Brown and Keath 2008)


FIGURE 3: MODEL OF RECEPTIVITY

Macro-level Landscape

The macro-level landscape incorporates dominant cultures and worldviews, as well as the natural environment and large material systems such as cities. Change at this level is generally slow (decades and generations) and often beyond the direct infl uence of individual actors or organisations, and might include changes in population dynamics, political models, macro economics or environmental conditions.

Meso-level Regime

The meso-level is where regimes operate. Regimes are broad communities of social groups with aligned activities who operate according to formal and informal rules and norms, which are maintained to deliver economic and social outcomes. The urban water regime in Australia would be typically populated by water authorities, regulators, state and local governments, land developers, consulting organisations, manufacturers, academic institutions, community groups and professional bodies. Change at this level is thought to move in decades.

Micro-level Niche

The niche operates at the micro-level, providing a protective space for radical products, processes and technologies to emerge that are substantially different from the status quo. These innovations are fostered and protected from the dominant regime by a small network of dedicated actors, sometimes operating outside of the dominant regime. Changes at this level are the most rapid and can occur in months and years.


Possibility/misc. Further Reading:

Learning from Olsson and Galaz on systems approach: Innovation for systemic change Olsson and Galaz also warn about the tendency to apply single, technonogical solutions to complex problems. "This enhances the self-reinforcing feedback that keeps us on unsustainable pathways. Social-ecological innovation focuses on the interactions among a multitude of innovations that together can break current lock-ins and lead to systemic change." As a scientific approach, social-ecological innovation links research on social innovation and institutional entrepreneurship with resilience thinking and research on social-ecological systems. Olsson and Galaz list a number of criteria for the kind of solutions they view as social-ecological innovations. In summary such innovations should: - Integrate both social and ecological (and economic) aspects. - Improve human life without degrading the life-supporting ecosystems (preferably even strengthening ecosystems) on which we ultimately depend. - Deal with multiple social and environmental challenges simultaneously (be sensitive to the fact that solving one problem often creates new ones, there are no ultimate solutions). - Work more directly for social justice, poverty alleviation, environmental sustain- ability and democracy than profits for individuals.


- Break and/or help avoid lock-ins and create social-ecological feedbacks that help us stay within the safe operating space for humanity as defined by the planetary boundaries. - Include the creativity and ingenuity of users, workers, consumers, citizens, activists, farmers and businesses etc. - Utilise the power of social networks and organizations nested across scales (from local to national to regional to global) to enable systemic change at larger scale


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APPENDIX



DAN101_APPENDIX REFERENCES Brown, Rebekah R., and Nina A. Keath. 2008. "Drawing on Social Theory for Transitioning to Sustainable Urban Water Management: Turning the Institutional Super-tanker." Australian Journal of Water Resources no. 12 (2):73-83. Kobayashi, Carolina Blanco and Hidetsugu. 2009. "Urban Transformation in Slum Districts Through Public Space Generation and Cable Transportation at North Eastren Area: Medellin, Columbia." The Journal of International Social research no. 2/8. Olsson, P., and V. Galaz (2012). Social-ecological innovation and transformation. Stockholm resilience centre. Retrieved from: http://www.stockholmresilience.org/21/research/research-news/4-13-2012-time-for-social-ecological-innovations.html Valeryanovna, S. P. (2012). Ecological entrepreneurship as a basis for social responsibility of business. International Journal of Economic Sciences, I(1), 56–64

Alxander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein. 1977. A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. Armour, t, Hargrave, J and Luebkemen, C. 2014. Cities Alive: Re-thinking Green Infrastrcuture edited by Foresight. London: Arup. Birkeland, Janis. 2008. Positive development: from vicious circles to virtuous cycles through built environment design. London: Earthscan.


A=T (2014) “Workforce: a better place to work.” [magazine entry] Issue 43: Spring. Brown, Denise Scott. 1973. “Learning From Pop.” The Journal of Popular Culture no. VII (2):387-401. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3840.1973.0702_387.x. Brown, Rebekah R., and Nina A. Keath. 2008. “Drawing on Social Theory for Transitioning to Sustainable Urban Water Management: Turning the Institutional Super-tanker.” Australian Journal of Water Resources no. 12 (2):73-83. Cox, Eva, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1995. A truly civil society. Vol. 1995. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books. Drissen, John. 2012. The Urban Transformation of Medellin, Colombia. In Architecture in Development Frampton, Kenneth. 2005. “The work of architecture in the age of commodification.” Harvard Design Magazine (23):64-69. Illich, Ivan. 2002. Deschooling society. New York; London: Marion Boyars. Kobayashi, Carolina Blanco and Hidetsugu. 2009. “Urban Transformation in Slum Districts Through Public Space Generation and Cable Transportation at North Eastren Area: Medellin, Columbia.” The Journal of International Social research no. 2/8. Kunstler, J. H. . 2007. How bad architecture wrecked cities. In Alternative energy • Architecture • Cars • Cities • Consumerism • Culture • Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1ZeXnmDZMQ. Lynch, Mathew. 2012. Beyond Sustainability: the Story of a Reformed Capitalist. TED. Mollison, Bill, and Andrew Jeeves. 1988. Permaculture: a designers’ manual. Tyalgum, N.S.W: Tagari Publications. Morgan, Faith. 2006. The Power of Communities: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil. The Community Solution. Olsson, P., and V. Galaz (2012). Social-ecological innovation and transformation. Stockholm resilience centre. Retrieved from: http://www.stockholmresilience.org/21/research/research-news/4-13-2012-time-for-social-ecological-innovations.html Rossi, Aldo, Peter Eisenman, Arts Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine, Architecture Institute for, and Studies Urban. 1982. The architecture of the city. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Sirolli, Ernesto. 2012. Truly sustainable economic development In Ted x talks: Ted Conferences Wright, Julia. 2008. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in an Era of Oil Scarcity: Lessons from Cuba: Earthscan. Sutton, A , Walker, P and Black,D. (2014) “HEMP LIME: An introduction to low-impact building materials” University of Bath. Retrieved : http://www.hemp-technologies.com/resources/Building-Materials/HempCrete/ip14_11-BRE.pdf Valeryanovna, S. P. (2012). Ecological entrepreneurship as a basis for social responsibility of business. International Journal of Economic Sciences, I(1), 56–64.



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