Mothering Mothers and Nurturing Babies Spring 2011
http://www.sheknows.com
Frontier University NM 619: Postpartum/Newborn Care CNEP Students Team A
Mothering Mothers and Nurturing Babies A guide to caring for yourself and your baby Contributors to this Book:
Jona Hutson CNEP 76
Allison King CNEP 78
Brenda Keep Alexandra Henry CNEP 68
Lisa LeftwichKirby CNEP 78
CNEP 76
Rachael Kulick CNEP 84
Mothering Mothers and Nurturing Babies A guide to caring for yourself and your baby Contributors to this Book:
Camden Lorraine Nicole Madalon CNEP 76
CNEP 72
Alejuandria Manzie CNEP 78
Kellie Northam CNEP 68
Danielle Pelletier CNEP 75
I love you Author: Author Unknown I loved you from the very start, You stole my breath, embraced my heart. Our life together has just begun, You're part of me my little one. I'd daydream of the things we'd share, Like late-night bottles and teddy bears. Like first steps and skinned knees, Like bedtime stories and ABC's. I thought of things you'd want to know, Like how birds fly and flowers grow. I thought of lessons I'd need to share, Like standing tall and playing fair. Each night I lay you down to sleep, I gently kiss your head and cheek. I count your little fingers and toes, I memorize your eyes and nose.
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I loved you from the very start, You stole my breath, embraced my heart. As mother and child our journey's begun, My heart's yours forever little one.
www.eurweb.com
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Spring 2011 Table of Contents Postpartum Postpartum Bleeding/Lochia Afterbirth Pain Hemorroids and Bowel Issues Why I am peeing/Sweating So Much? Eating Healthy, Drinking fluids, and Taking Vitamins Exercise Sleep/Rest/Activity Mood: Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression Help at Home/Being Nurtured Family Adjustment and Prioritizing Couple, Relationships and Resuming Sexuality Return of you Period and Birth Control Danger Signs and When to Call you Midwife
4 5 6 9 10 12 13 16 18 19 23 26 26
Newborn Baby Care Newborn Sleep and Activity Temperament/Crying Bed Sharing Big Brothers and Sisters Vaccine Bottle and Formula Feeding Shaken Baby Syndrome Danger Signs and When to Call the Baby's Care Provider
28 29 30 36 38 41 43 47 48
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Spring 2011
Table of Contents Cont. Breastfeeding Early Breastfeeding Is Important for You and Your Baby Positioning of Mother and Baby, Rooting, Latch on and Removal Infant Cues and Readiness for Breastfeeding Nipple Care and Ways to Prevent Nipple Soreness Breast Fullness vs. Engorgement How Often Do You Breastfeed? How Do You Know Baby and Mom Are Doing Well with Breastfeeding Does My Baby Need Vitamins While Breastfeeding Returning to Work/Pumping and Storing Breastmilk Ways to Help a Breastfeeding Mom: Family Involvement
50 51 55 56 58 59 60 62 63 64
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ongratulations on the birth of your baby! Whether this is your first time as a parent, or you are adding to your family, you may have questions about your body’s changes, the baby, breastfeeding, and more. This booklet is not designed to replace the personal assistance you receive from your midwife, but will provide additional information for you and your family.
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Mommy Notes __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
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Part I: Postpartum
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Healthcare Book Title
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Postpartum m Postpartum Bleeding/Lochia: What is Normal…And What Isn’t Normal:
First, the bleeding (also known as lochia) will be red and will look like a heavy menstrual period. This bleeding may seem to increase a little after you have been sitting or lying down or even during breastfeeding and this is normal. This type of bleeding usually continues for two or three days after birth.
Around the third day after your baby is born, the lochia will begin to look pink in color and will be less in amount.
Around the tenth day, the lochia will begin to look pink, white, or tan in color.
For the first week, you should notice less each day in your lochia flow.
Overall, the lochia you experience after having a baby can last up to six weeks.
Not normal:
Bleeding that soaks more than one pad an hour.
Foul odor.
Bright red bleeding after it has previously changed to pink, white, or tan in color. Passing clots the size of golf balls or larger.
See section called Danger Signs and When To Call Your Midwife
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Postpartum m Afterbirth Pains Causes:
After you give birth, your uterus contracts (tightens) to prevent too much bleeding and begins the process of shrinking back to its original size (before you were pregnant).
Many women have afterbirth pains or cramps as the uterus contracts and relaxes in the days and weeks after birth.
This pain may be worse if this is not your first baby. A first time mother has more tone in her uterus than a woman who has been pregnant more than one time. The stronger uterus stays tightened and does not relax and contract as much as it can for a woman who has had more pregnancies.
Breastfeeding may also cause stronger afterbirth pains. This is normal, and it is why breastfeeding helps the uterus shrink back to size faster.
What you can do about them:
Keep your bladder empty. As your body gets rid of extra fluid in the days after having a baby, you will need to empty your bladder (pee) often. A full bladder causes the uterus to relax, and then it has to retighten and this causes pain.
Some women find relief by lying on their stomachs with a pillow or blanket roll under them.
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It is safe to take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) for afterbirth pains.
If you need something stronger, please call your midwife because something else could be going on.
Perineal Tear/Episiotomy Pain What to Expect: The perineum is the area between the opening of the birth canal or vagina and the anus. It is very stretchy but sometimes tears a little as the baby is born, or may even be cut by your midwife to speed up the birth, called an episiotomy. You may have stitches where your tear or episiotomy was reqired. Whether or not you had a tear or repair, you may have soreness and pain as this area heals. Care and Healing:
Use an ice pack. You can buy commercial ice packs, but a plastic bag filled with ice and wrapped in cloth like a pillowcase, works just as well.
Try topical anesthetic. Numbing medications come in sprays and ointments. If you apply an ointment, always wash your hands first. If you need these after the first few days, please contact your midwife, as she may want to see you.
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Sit in a sitz bath 2-3 times per day. This can be simply pouring or spraying warm water from a bottle on the sore areas after using the bathroom. There are also disposable kits that fit in the toilet that allow you to do a sitz bath at home. You can use warm or cold water, whichever feels better.
Use witch hazel compresses that reduce swelling and provide pain relief. You can buy witch hazel in the bottle and pour it over gauze, or use Tucks pads, which have witch hazel in them, on the sore area.
Sit on a rubber or foam ring. Use of a rubber ring can reduce circulation, but if used properly, can bring safe relief to pressure.
Try pelvic floor exercises to improve circulation to the areas that are healing. See the Exercise section of this booklet for information about Kegel Exercises.
Hemorrhoids and Bowel Issues What to Expect: Hemorrhoids can be quite uncomfortable in the few days after having a baby. Often, hemorrhoids developed when you were pregnant and they became larger and more swollen when pushing. Fortunately, there are many ways to help reduce the size of hemorrhoids and reduce the pain caused by them.
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Postpartum m What you can do:
Prevent/treat constipation (See the Healthy Eating section of this booklet): Increase the fiber in your diet (raw fruits, vegetables, cereals or supplements) Drink 6-10 glasses of water per day. Try prunes or prune juice. Light exercise improves circulation. Relax and allow plenty of time for the first bowel movement, such as when your infant is sleeping, to minimize the chance of interruptions. The goal is a bowel movement without having to strain. Take an over the counter stool softener like docusate sodium (Colace) once or twice per day.
Use ice bags or packs.
Apply Preparation H ointment.
Sit in ice sitz baths a couple of times per day. Use witch hazel compresses or Tucks pads. Place warm water compresses on the area. Make the sitz baths warm. Do not use warm and cold baths during the same time span. Try ice initially, and then switch to warm water after a few days. Use an analgesic or anesthetic spray or ointment. It is safe to take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) for the pain of hemorrhoids.
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Postpartum m Why Am I Peeing/Sweating So Much? During your pregnancy your body added fluids, such as extra blood volume. Now that your pregnancy is over, it is time to shed those extra fluids. This excessive urination (peeing) and sweating starts shortly after the birth of your baby and will continue up to about the fifth day postpartum. You may find yourself urinating in excess of 3 liters a day. That’s like a 2 liter bottle plus another half a bottle! The excessive sweating can happen at any time of the day, but is most noticeable at night. What can I do about it? Although it might be tempting to cut back on fluids in an effort to reduce the number of trips to the bathroom, it is really important to keep drinking fluids to stay hydrated.
Drinking a glass of water for each hour of the day that you are awake. This is especially important if you are breastfeeding.
Be sure to avoid caffeine and alcohol as these are dehydrating (drying) and both are found in breastmilk after you drink them.
For the discomfort associated with sweating:
Wear light clothing made of breathable fabric like cotton as this is more comfortable than synthetic fabrics like rayon or polyester.
Dress in layers.
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Postpartum m At night, cotton bed linens and cotton pajamas are best. Staying clean and dry will help you to feel less uncomfortable.
This discomfort is temporary and doesn’t usually last longer than the first week postpartum. Eating Healthy, Drinking Fluids, and Taking Vitamins
Eat a variety of foods and strive to get your nutrients from food instead of supplements.
Follow the food guide pyramid to make good food choices.
USDA, 2010
Foods like sugars, candy, cookies, cakes, oils, fats, and alcoholic beverages are full of “empty” calories. This means they are not giving you nutrients.
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By following the food guide pyramid you can maintain a healthy balance of nutrition.
Eat a diet that is low in fat.
Eat complex carbohydrates such as pasta, rice, breads, dry beans, peas, potatoes, corn lima beans. When eating rice and pasta, whole grain is healthier.
Look for good sources of fiber like whole grain breads and cereals, and vegetables and fruits with skins such as apples and squash.
Fish like tuna, salmon, or swordfish have omega 3 fatty acids and are good for you heart.
Keep your salt and sodium intake low.
Vitamin supplements:
If you are consuming the recommended calories from a variety of foods your nutrient needs will be met by food alone.
If you are restricting the number of calories you eat in order to lose weight be sure to eat foods that are high in nutrients such as fruits and vegetables.
Talk to your midwife about your specific diet. If a nutrient deficiency is identified you may need to take a multivitamin.
If you avoid foods such as milk or dairy products you may need a vitamin D supplement.
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If you had iron deficiency anemia during your pregnancy you may need to continue on your iron supplement. You can also eat foods that are rich in iron such as green leafy vegetables, collard greens, red meat, egg yolks, raisins, prunes, liver, oysters, and some fortified cereals.
Fluid intake:
Drink enough fluids to satisfy your thirst.
To check for dehydration you can also look at the color of your urine. It should be clear to light yellow.
Constipation is the first sign of dehydration. If this occurs, drink more water.
Exercise Remember that it took 9 months to prepare your body for birth and it will take longer than 6 weeks to return to your normal shape.
Resume your exercise routine slowly beginning 2 weeks after giving birth.
Walking with half sit-ups is an excellent starting point (See instructions below).
Do not forget to exercise your pelvic floor (vaginal) muscles (See instructions below).
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Pelvic floor exercises strengthen your pelvic floor and make it less likely you will leak urine when you laugh, cough or sneeze. These exercises also improve circulation and help perineal tears and hemorrhoids heal.
Exercise Instructions:
Abdominal breathing: Lie on your back with bent knees, inhale deeply through your nose. Exhale slowly while contracting your abdominal muscles; hold for 3-5 seconds while exhaling and relax.
Half Sit up: Lie on your back with bent knees, hands at your sides and feet on the floor. Inhale slowly, raise your head up off the ground, and put your chin to your chest and reach for your knees. Exhale and return to starting position. Relax. Repeat 5-10 times.
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Cat/Cow Stretch: Get onto your hands and knees with an arched back, looking at your knees. Inhale and look upward at the ceiling and drop your belly down. Exhale and come back onto your heels with your head on the floor and hold for 10 seconds. Repeat 3 times.
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Kegels: These muscles have been stretched during delivery and exercising them will help to regain tone and strength. Squeeze the muscles used to stop the flow of urine. Hold for 3-10 seconds and then relax. Do this 10-15 times several times daily.
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Rest:
Get plenty of rest for the weeks after birth. Sleep when the baby sleeps. Focus on taking care of yourself and your baby. Do not expect too much and ask for help. Limit visitors and remember being tired will affect your milk supply.
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Postpartum m Activity:
Resume normal activity slowly according to how you feel over the next 6 weeks.
Limit stair climbing and no driving for 1-2 weeks if you had a cesarean section.
Start with walking and normal household tasks. See the list of suggested exercises below.
Eating well and being active will allow you to slowly regain your pre-pregnancy shape.
Remember to be gentle with yourself!
Mood: Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression Baby Blues
Mild and starts 2-3 days after birth with periods of crying
This is very normal and usually goes away by the 2nd week after birth.
Postpartum Depression
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This is more severe than baby blues and can start anytime within 6 months after birth.
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It is important to talk to someone and ask for help. Postpartum depression is treatable.
If you answer yes to three or more of the questions below; or if your blues last more than 10 days, talk to your midwife, husband, or family member immediately.
Ask yourself: Am I feeling . . .
Fear and anxiety
I must push myself to do anything.
Anger or self-blame Overwhelming feelings of sadness, loneliness Hopelessness Unable to make decisions or problems concentrating Loss of interest in normal activities No desire to be with family or friends. An inability to sleep, waking up early due to worry or unhappiness
Let someone know right away if you are having thoughts about doing harm to yourself or your baby. Please your call your midwife or family member immediately.
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Postpartum m Ways to take care of yourself after birth
Rest when your baby sleeps.
Screen phone calls.
Let your partner know how you are feeling. Make your needs a priority. Let others know what they can do to help. Avoid strict or rigid schedules. Give yourself permission to have negative feelings, but don’t dwell on them. Do not expect too much from yourself right now. Allow yourself to laugh!
Help at Home/Being Nurtured The postpartum period is a time of adjustment and recuperation. Having a good support system in place when you go home can help ease this transition and help it go more smoothly. You may be tempted to clean house, do laundry, and cook meals knowing that there will be visitors wanting to see you and the new baby. However, your body is healing and rest is what you need most. Accept help from family, friends, and neighbors, especially during the first two weeks postpartum. When people call asking what they can do, have a list of favorite family meals that they can prepare and leave in your refrigerator. If there are other siblings in the home, try to arrange for someone to be in your home to assist with their needs. You should not be doing household chores, cooking meals, or family shopping for the first two weeks. Your
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Postpartum m activities should be limited to those required for caring for yourself and your newborn baby. Family Adjustment and Prioritizing Relationship changes
From Being a Couple to Being a Family Your life will be less spontaneous with a newborn. Your days will revolve around the baby’s needs, not each other’s. Fatigue can cause a loss of interest in each other as all your attention is focused on the baby. Recognize the cause, and look at this as a time of transition.
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Be aware of the increased need to communicate to each other your needs for assistance in caring for the baby, AND for each other. Make a short list of things that need to be done. Fatigue will make it easy to forget things if you don’t write them down. As much as you want him to, your partner cannot read your mind. If you need your partner to help, ask him. Gratitude sooths the soul; thank each other often!
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Mothers can help fathers learn to be fathers. Allow him opportunities daily to learn how to sooth, change, dress, and bath his new baby. This not only enhances the father’s relationship with the baby, it can provide much needed help that allows mother to rest, shower, or just relax.
Time demands
If you are used to a structured and routine schedule, you may find adjusting to the demands of your newborn more difficult. Baby’s “schedule” is not set by a clock, but by baby’s physical needs. Ignore the clock, and let the baby guide your cares through the day. Eat when you are hungry, sleep when the baby sleeps (even during the day) and give each other a break while the baby is awake to shower and/or relax. Make appointments in clusters later in the morning or right after lunchtime so you do not have to rush to get yourself and baby ready. Allow yourself more time than you think you’ll need for everything. Every plan you make that involves other people or a specific time should be changeable or have an alternative (a back-up plan). Accept help with household chores from close family and friends. As parents, this is a time to get to know the baby. Avoid “help” with the baby from others, and request their assistance with meals, laundry, shopping, etc.
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Postpartum m Keep everything you need for diaper changes in several places throughout the house, especially if you have two levels. Make time to take care of yourself so you can maintain self-esteem in your roles as a parent, spouse, homemaker, etc. Take a walk, a bath, read a book, or just gaze at the sky. The point is to have some private time, even if it is for just a few minutes each day.
Social Demands Feel free to say “no” to visitors when you do not feel ready to have company. You do not have to uphold standards of hospitality for friends and relatives who drop in to see your new baby, unexpectedly or by appointment. It's not necessary for you to provide refreshments or even to offer a cup of coffee. Let visitors see the baby (asleep or awake), chat with them for a few moments, and let them go on their way.
Discourage handling and passing the baby around. This can over stimulate your baby and make for a fussier baby. Do not allow anyone who has a cold or other illness into the same room as the baby. The parents among your visitors will understand all this perfectly, and if others do not, don't worry. Your baby's health and well-being, and your own, are of primary importance right now.
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Just because the phone rings, doesn’t mean you have to answer it. Your family needs are where to focus your attention during these first few weeks. There will be time to return calls when you are more rested.
Great expectations Realize your baby is different from your fantasy baby. As expectant parents, we all imagine a sweet cuddly and quiet baby in our arms. The reality is that your baby has a personality and it will shine through when diapers need to be changed, a tummy needs a burp, or a belly needs filling. Learning your baby’s personality and different cries takes time. Be patient with yourself and your baby.
Special consideration for single mothers:
Stay with supportive family or friends or have someone stay with you for the first couple of weeks so you can focus on resting and getting to know your baby.
Ask for help from experienced parents.
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Postpartum m Couple Relationship, and Resuming Sexuality During the initial postpartum period, sex with your partner is probably the furthest thing from your mind. However, it is important to know what to expect and how to maintain intimacy with your partner until you feel comfortable enough to resume sexual relations. The most important thing to remember is that resuming sexual relations after pregnancy and birth is a personal decision and is not tied to a calendar. Some women feel comfortable resuming sexual relations as soon www.google.com/images as their bleeding/lochia has finished, while others need weeks or even months before they are ready for intercourse.
Most practitioners recommend waiting 4-6 weeks before attempting intercourse. This allows for time for lochia to end and for your body to heal.
In the meantime, you and your partner can be creative about finding ways of being intimate without intercourse.
Holding, fondling, kissing, and caressing all can satisfy the physical needs of you and your partner until you are ready to resume sexual relations.
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Postpartum m Some common issues that may interfere with your ability to enjoy sex at this time include:
Lack of sleep, fatigue, decreased libido (interest in sex), or other changes may be affecting your response to sexual stimulation If you are having problems even thinking about sex, you are not alone. Having a newborn baby to care for is exhausting and can leave you craving rest more than sex. This will not always be the case, and most couples resume intercourse within the first year.
Baby’s crying may spoil the mood Even if you found the time for sex and you are finally interested, fears of the baby waking may make it difficult to enjoy sex. If you are able, a babysitter for an hour or two may make it easier for you to enjoy a sexual encounter with your partner. Be spontaneous and inventive. Consider sex in places and at times other than bedtime.
You or your partner may be uncomfortable with your changed body This is a time for celebrating your body’s ability to give new life. Initiating an exercise program can boost your feelings about your body and provide an energy boost.
Dryness of the vagina This is caused by lower levels of estrogen in your body right now. This is especially true if you are breastfeeding. Using a water-based personal lubricant,
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Postpartum m such as KY© may make sex more pleasurable.
Escape of milk with breast stimulation or sexual excitement
Breast engorgement and tenderness Pumping prior to sexual activity should resolve this issue Sometimes stimulation of the breasts should be avoided during the postpartum period due to pain or leaking milk. Talk to your partner to make sure your preference to avoid this type of stimulation is understood.
Remember that it is normal to not feel sexy or have fears of sex hurting. Communicating your fears with your partner is important to maintain intimacy. Your partner may share some of the same concerns that you have. Also remember that sex is not the only way to maintain intimacy in your relationship with your partner. While you are healing and until you are ready to resume intercourse is a great time to re-establish or learn the benefits of nonsexual intimacy with your partner. Below are some suggestions for connecting with your partner instead of intercourse:
Touching, kissing, mutual pleasuring can all help with physical closeness without actual intercourse Showering or bathing together Dates, even as little as an hour alone without the baby Taking walks with the baby Setting aside time for talking
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Postpartum m Return of Your Period and Birth Control
Your period will typically return around six weeks postpartum. If you are breastfeeding, you may not have a period.
Keep in mind – just because you aren’t experiencing a monthly period doesn’t mean you can’t get pregnant!
Breastfeeding is not a reliable method of birth control, so be sure to discuss birth control options with your midwife as soon as possible after having your baby.
Postpartum Danger Signs/When to Call Your Midwife Please call your midwife if you have any of the following:
Fever of 100.4 F, with or without chills Too much bleeding from the vagina – soaking more than one pad an hour or passing clots the size of golf balls or larger Bleeding, oozing, redness, or warmth near or around your incision (for cesarean section births) Pain in your abdomen Pain when you pee or trouble peeing Pain in your perineum, vagina, or rectal area that is severe, or does is not better by 10 days after birth. Severely painful or lumpy breasts Calf pain (in the back of your legs) that feels warm, with or without leg swelling. Crying and periods of sadness lasting more than 10 days postpartum or thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.
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Part II: Newborn
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Newborn Baby Care Bathe the baby every 2-3 days using mild soaps (Avoid soap on baby’s face)
Sponge bath until the cord has fallen off and area is dried
Never leave baby unattended in water
Avoid powders and oils
Cuddle and Hug your baby often!
Northam, 2011
You may use lotions (unscented is best like Eucerin Cream) Wash hands, face and neck creases daily Keep umbilical cord clean and dry Keep diaper area clean and dry You may use baby wipes or warm wash cloths Only use rash creams if needed and only on affected areas
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Newborn Newborn Sleep and Activity Your baby’s sleep patterns in the first couple of months will resemble the patterns from before he or she was born. Patterns of sleep and wakefulness will gradually change over the first few months of life.
During the first thirty minutes after your baby is born he/she will most likely be very alert and responsive.
This period of alertness is followed with a period of deep sleep that gives the baby time to recover from birth. This sleep period could last for a couple of hours.
Your newborn will spend a great deal of time during his/her first month of life sleeping.
Typically newborns only have a couple of hours a day in divided periods of time when they are alert and quiet.
Gradually the periods wwwbabyzone.com of sleep will start to be interrupted with longer periods of alert time. They will usually start to sleep for longer periods of time during the night.
By 12 weeks of age most babies will increase sleep time at night and spend more time awake during the day.
Your baby’s patterns may change at times due to illness, teething, and growth spurts.
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Newborn Temperament/Crying Your baby’s temperament is an inborn way of responding to the world. Sometimes we refer to this as “personality”. Babies usually have one of these three temperaments:
Easy going: These babies are usually in good moods, adjust easily and quickly to new situations and changes in routine. These babies usually eat on a regular schedule. The react mildly to hunger and minor discomforts and find ways to soothe or calm themselves down.
Slow-to-warm-up: These babies seem shy. They need more time than easy going babies to warm up to new people and experiences. They approach life cautiously and are more www.google.com/images likely to carefully watch what is going on around them. Babies with this temperament may quickly become over-stimulated and retreat or turn away. Slow-towarm-up babies respond slowly and quietly to hunger and other discomforts. Parents will need to watch for subtle clues that baby is hungry or uncomfortable.
High-Need or “difficult baby: These babies are almost always physically active. They may seem restless at times, and are easily distracted. They respond vigorously to hunger or discomforts. Their crying is often loud and intense. High –Need babies are often difficult to soothe when they are fussy and they have difficulty soothing themselves. They are usually light sleepers and demand a great deal of attention.
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Newborn Tips for parents with a High-Need infant:
Many parents feel guilty, mistakenly believing they are somehow at fault for their baby’s temperament. This can lead parents to feel inadequate and anxious. Instead of trying to find a reason for the baby’s temperament, focus on protecting your baby from events and situations that are upsetting.
Consistency is very important, so establish a daily routine and stick to it.
Try to remain calm and as patient as possible by trying not to have too-high expectations of yourself or your baby.
As babies approach one year of age, many of their highneed characteristics disappear.
Learning to incorporate baby’s temperament into the family The first step to adjusting to your new baby is learning your baby’s temperament. This takes time, privacy, and practice.
Lying-in: The more time you spend alone with your newborn, as a couple, the sooner you will know your baby’s own special personality and language. Prior to birth, request family and friends postpone visiting you in the home for the first two weeks. This will help to prevent distractions that can interfere with learning your baby’s cues. This is especially helpful if you are uncomfortable breastfeeding in front of others. Being alone allows you to wear less, be skin-to-skin more
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Newborn often, and to be free to respond to your baby’s needs quickly.
Let friends and extended family have a special “meet and greet” with the baby after your two weeks of lyingin. This can be done at a family members home or a park, which means you don’t have to get the house ready for a multitude of guests!
Baby wearing is a valuable way to get to know your baby and for your baby to get to know you!
Wearing your baby allows your baby find familiarity between the womb and the world around him. The rhythm of your walk, the sound of your heart, and the feel of your breath on the baby’s head help calm your baby.
Baby-wearing helps baby learn the family dynamics and routines by keeping him intimately involved in your world.
Baby wearing by fathers is way for the baby to get to know dad. With a different walking rhythm, deeper voice, and different smell, baby becomes very familiar and comfortable with daddy.
Be safe when wearing your baby in a carrier or sling.
At first, use your hands until you get used to wearing your baby.
Be careful in the kitchen and do not wear baby while cooking or working with sharp objects.
Do not drink hot beverages when wearing baby, although wearing baby while eating is safe.
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Newborn
When wearing your baby and stooping over, bend at the knees, not at the waist, and hold baby in the sling with one hand.
Toddlers, if worn, are at your reaching level and can grab dangerous or breakable objects off shelves. Keep an arm's distance away from potential hazards.
When going through doorways or around corners, be careful that baby's body does not stick out past your arm and strike the wall or doorjamb.
Do not ride a bicycle or other moving vehicle while wearing your baby. Baby carriers are not substitutes for an approved car seat.
Learn your baby’s language.
Your baby’s first language is crying. Baby’s crying is not a reflection of your parenting ability. All babies cry, some more than others. Think of crying as your baby “talking” to you, and learn to listen to what the baby is saying.
Here are some time-tested listening tips that can help you decode the meaning of your baby's cries, respond with nurturing, and gradually create a communication relationship so that baby doesn't always have to cry to communicate:
Understand your baby has needs and is not trying to manipulate you.
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Newborn
Delaying your response to your baby’s cry will only make the baby cry harder and in a more disturbing way. Studies have shown that babies whose cries are promptly attended to actually learn to cry less as older infants and toddlers.
Learn to read your baby’s pre-cry signals. These may include facial expressions, arms flailing, or excited breathing, to name just a few.
Respond to these “pick-me-up” signals and you will teach your infant that he doesn’t always have to cry to get his needs attended to. Forget the fear of spoiling your infant.
Respond intuitively. You will receive much unsolicited advice from close family members and even total strangers. Trust your instincts, and respond quickly and appropriately to each cry.
Within a few weeks you will be able to recognize that your baby has different cries for different needs and be able to respond appropriately.
Ways to calm a fussy baby
Hold your baby in the universal calming position: Place infant on your chest, tummy down, with baby’s head resting just below your chin. Tuck baby’s legs up underneath him, and hum or sing to your baby.
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Newborn
Try some (or all) of Dr. Sears’ Time Tested Baby Calmers. You can find these at www.askdrsears.com. Here are a few examples:
Dancing with baby
Car rides
Taking a walk
Vibrating, humming gadgets wrapped in diaper or blanket
Running water
Ceiling fan; bathroom fan
Sounds of vacuum cleaner, dishwasher, washer-dryer, air conditioner
Let baby look at self in a mirror
A warm bath together
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Newborn A little more about crying Newborns spend approximately 60-90 minutes a day during the first few weeks crying. You may notice your baby develops a pattern of crying during certain times of the day. This is often during the afternoon and evening time and the reason may not be clear.
Crying periods may increase during the first 6 weeks then gradually start to decrease.
Providing comfort measures may not always stop the crying. This is a normal newborn behavior and does not mean you are doing anything wrong.
www.mychildhealth.net
Over time you will become familiar with your baby’s own different types of cries and what they mean.
Co-Sleeping/Bed Sharing Co-sleeping – or sometimes called bed sharing-- is when the infant and mother (dad and siblings) sleep in the same bed. Safe co-sleeping practiced by breastfeeding mothers has resulted in more and longer breastfeeding. Mothers respond more quickly to infants’ needs. They look at and touch babies more often. Mothers that breastfeed get more sleep bed sharing with the infant. If the baby is bottle fed, the safest place for them to sleep is in a basinet beside the bed. It is recommended that infants sleep in the same room as parents for at least 6 months. Although there are benefits to co-
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Newborn sleeping, there are also risks, and the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend co-sleeping. The main concern with bed sharing is rollover deaths and smothering the infant so there have to be some safety rules in order to co-sleep. Safe and Unsafe Co-sleeping
Safe if: Mother is only breastfeeding Both parents agree and know baby is there Only parents of baby No use of drugs or alcohol Non – Smokers No pets in bed Infant on back unwrapped beside mother On firm mattress without holes Sheets over mattress No blankets or pillows near face of baby
Unsafe if: Baby is formula-fed Not planned, other people don’t know infant is there Not parents; siblings Use of drugs or alcohol Smokers Animals in bed Infant lying on side or stomach wrapped in blanket Soft or saggy mattress Water beds, couch, or chair Blankets and pillows around baby
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Newborn Big Brothers and Sisters: Sibling Adjustment All siblings, like the rest of the family, go through a period of adjustment as they become older brothers or sisters. Here are some things you can do help your older child prepare for and adjust to the new baby. Be aware that while preparing a child before the baby is born can be very helpful to most children, there are those that still struggle with this change in the family.
Read books to your children that explain the basic process of conception, pregnancy, and birth.
Bring your children to your prenatal appointments. Let http://hubpages.com them help with listening to the baby and measuring your tummy.
Take your children to visit the place where you will be giving birth. Discuss with them what will happen here when the baby is born.
Let the children know who will be caring for them while you are birthing the baby.
If you are planning to have your child be present at the birth, have an adult present whose only job is to care for your child. Be sure this is someone who is comfortable with not being present at the birth in case your child decides to be elsewhere.
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Newborn Include the children in plans for the new baby. Consider letting them pick out a new gift for the baby, involve them in decorating the baby’s room, and talk with them about any changes they would like to make to their own room or space.
Talk realistically about what the baby will be able to do and not do. Avoid mentioning baby as a new playmate, but discuss how the new baby will look up to them as the big brother or sister.
When the baby comes home, expect your children to return to some behaviors you thought they had outgrown such toileting accidents, baby talking, and wanting a pacifier. This mimickery is their way of seeing if they can get your attention in the same ways the baby does. Instead of scolding the children for these behaviors, provide loving attention and talk about how proud of them you are for any positive behavior they are showing.
Anticipate a retesting of the rules. They are simply looking to see how far all this new change goes.
Praise any positive attention siblings give to the new baby.
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Assure them of your love.
Keep routines as consistent and predictable as possible.
Provide siblings with a doll or stuffed animal they can hold while you are nurturing the baby.
Involve them in age-appropriate baby care.
Set aside time each day while baby is sleeping, or someone else is caring for the baby, to spend alone with your older child (children).
Here is a list of children’s books that may assist you in preparing your child for a new baby:
Happy Birthday by Robbie Harris Baby on the Way by William and Martha Sears How I was Born by Lennart Nilsson Welcome with Love by Julie Vivas
www.parentconnection.com
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Newborn Vaccines Recommended Immunizations for Babies (CDC, 2011) Hep B HepB DTa 1-2 + P mos
+
DTaP + PCV
+ Hib +
Hep B *618 mos
PCV+ Hib Polio
+ Polio + RV +
RV
Polio (Influenza) *66 mos RV Hib + through 18 18 + years** mos
+
DTa P
+ PCV +
MMR *1215 + mos
PCV *1215 mos
Hib Varicell HepA *12 *12a + -15 + *12-15 + 23 mos mos mos
DTaP *1518 mos
(Influenza) 6 mos through 18 years**
(Influenza) 6 mos through 18 years**
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Newborn NOTE: If your child misses a shot, you don’t need to start over, just go back to your pediatrician or care provider for the next shot. The pediatrician or care provider will help you keep your child up-to-date on his or her vaccinations. * This is the age range in which this vaccine should be given. ** Children 6 months or older should receive flu vaccination every flu season. If this is the first time for flu vaccine, a child 6 months through 8 years of age should receive two doses, separated by at least 4 weeks. If this child only receives one dose in the first season, he or she should receive two doses the next season, if still younger than 9 years. Ask your child’s pediatrician or care provider if a second dose is needed. Vaccine Descriptions:
HepB: protects against hepatitis (see below)
Hib: protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b
RV: protects against infections caused by rotavirus
Varicella: protects against varicella, also known as chickenpox
DTaP: a combined vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) PCV: protects against pneumococcal disease Polio: protects against polio, the vaccine is also known as IPV Influenza: protects against influenza (flu) MMR: protects against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles)
HepA: protects against hepatitis A
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Newborn Bottle and Formula Feeding General formula information:
Formula bought in the store usually consists of heattreated, nonfat cow’s milk added with vitamins, minerals, fats, and sugars. Some are based on soy products.
It is available in 3 forms: ready to use, concentrated, and powdered.
All forms are regulated and protected by the Food and Drug Administration.
Once formula is prepared, refrigerate quickly. As a parent, it is important that you know there is difference in preparation for different formulas. Make sure you read how to prepare the formula type you choose to use. Formula with too much water or not enough water can cause weight loss or kidney problems.
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Children under 1 year of age should NOT receive plain cow’s milk because babies cannot digest some things in the milk, which is why evaporated milk is used.
Due to the baby’s need for iron, it is recommended that babies receive an iron fortified formula from birth to 1 year.
If water does not contain fluoride or you are using the ready to use formula, it is recommended that a fluoride supplement be given in the mouth via a dropper. Fluoride is something that helps protect the teeth.
Never use corn syrup or honey to sweeten bottles. They could infect the baby by contaminating the bottles with bacteria called Clostridium botulinum.
There is no need to sterilize bottles or nipples unless well water is used. You can just wash them in hot soapy water. If sterilization is needed, place clean bottles filled with formula in a large pot of boiling water for 25 minutes with the nipples screwed on loosely. Make sure to tighten prior to feeding your baby.
Bottle feeding your baby:
During the first 2 weeks of life, a newborn is usually tired and will sleep a lot. He or she should be wakened to feed at least every 4 hours but can feed every 2 to 3 hours.
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Newborn
The average amount of formula taken by the newborn each feeding during the first 2 weeks is 30 to 60 milliliters or 1-2 ounces.
After this period, if the baby is gaining weight, longer sleep periods at night are okay.
While feeding your newborn, holding and cuddling is encouraged. Feed your baby in a position that is comfortable for both mom and baby.
When giving the baby a bottle, stroke the upper lip, allowing the newborn to root for the bottle and grasp it.
Milk should be in the nipple of the bottle to prevent the baby from taking in unnecessary amounts of air.
Do not forget to burp your newborn. If the newborn spends time crying before the feed, he/she might need to be burped prior to feeding because air is swallowing during crying. You can do this in 3 ways, whichever is comfortable for both you and your baby. (1) over your shoulder, (2) sitting upright in your lap with you supporting the chest and jaw with one hand, and/or (3) laying the newborn over the legs. Patting and/or rubbing are enough to help the newborn bring up the air.
Some babies get hiccups and this is normal. They are more annoying to mom than baby.
There is no reason to feed anything other than breast milk or formula until your baby is 4-6 months of age and can digest food. Rice cereal is the only substance
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Newborn that can be given to this age group but formula or breast milk is enough during this time.
If you need help obtaining formula to feed your baby, help is available. Please contact your local Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) office or the health department.
Prepare infant formula by following the directions given on the container. Adding extra water to make formula last longer can be very harmful to your baby.
You can also make your own formula but this type of formula is not nutritionally complete and your baby may require additional vitamins. Therefore, it is strongly advised that you always talk to your baby’s care provider before feeding your baby anything other than breastmilk or commercially produced formula.
www.google.com/image
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Newborn Shaken Baby Syndrome: It is Never Okay to Shake a Baby Taking care of an infant can be challenging, especially when an end to the crying seems nowhere in sight. If you have tried to calm your crying child but nothing seems to work, it’s important to stay in control of your temper. Remember, it’s never okay to shake, throw, or hit your child. If you feel as though you could lose control:
Take a deep breath and count to 10. Take a time out and let your baby cry alone. Call someone close to you for emotional support. Call your pediatrician or baby’s care provider. There may be a medical reason why your child is crying.
If you're struggling to care for a baby who is fussy, crying excessively, or has difficulties with sleeping or feeding, try contacting The Fussy Baby Network. They are available 24 hours nationwide to provide you with telephone support at 1.888.431.BABY (2229) or go online to www.fussybabynetwork.org.
The term “Shaken baby syndrome” describes the serious injuries that can occur when an infant or toddler is severely or violently shaken. Children, especially babies, have very weak neck muscles and do not yet have full support for their heavy heads. When they are shaken, their fragile brains move back and forth within their skulls. This can cause serious injuries such as:
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Newborn Blindness or eye damage Delay in normal development Seizures Damage to the spinal cord (paralysis) Brain damage Death When Your Child Cries, Take a Break – Don’t Shake When Should I Call the Baby’s Pediatrician or Care Provider? Call the baby’s provider if your baby has any of the following:
A temperature greater than 100° F Is not feeding well A decrease in wet or dirty diapers Breathing problems Drowsiness - difficult to wake up Red umbilical cord site, with leaking, bad odor, or is warm when you touch it Skin and eyes becoming more yellow Any behavior that worries you
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Part III: Breastfeeding
www.aboutpregnancy.com
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Breastfeeding
Early Breastfeeding is Important for You and Your Baby Breastfeeding your baby has many great benefits and getting your baby to breast as early as possible is a wonderful way to start.
Your baby will probably be very alert the first thirty minutes of his/her life. Putting your new baby to your breast during this time is a great way to bond.
Many babies will actually seek out the breast without assistance during this first alert period of life.
This is a great opportunity to start getting acquainted with your new baby.
Besides the emotional connection, early breastfeeding benefits your baby’s health. Early latching helps your baby develop a strong suckling reflex which will make future feedings easier for you and your baby.
Putting your baby to breast right after birth could reduce maternal blood loss.
After the cord is cut your baby will have to control his/her own blood sugar instead of being maintained by you. A newborn’s blood
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sugar will usually fall after birth for a while. Putting baby to breast early may help prevent blood sugar from dropping too low.
Newborns are vulnerable to many infections after birth. Strong evidence shows that breastfeeding passes antibodies to baby that protect against infection.
Early breastfeeding will help stimulate the baby to have a bowel movement. This early passage of stool can decrease the baby’s chances of developing jaundice.
Positioning of Mother and Baby, Rooting, Latch on, and Removal Breastfeeding for the first time can be challenging for both mother and baby. Mothers should breastfeed in a position that is comfortable for them. There are many positions you can use to breastfeed your baby.
Mommy and Kids, 2011
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The Cradle Hold - is the most common breastfeeding position. You will start by sitting up with baby across your lap in an upward position. Infant should be on their side with body facing you and head in the bend of your arm with feet hanging downward. It is important to support the infant’s head, spine and bottom with your forearm. Pillows can be used under your arm to help hold baby in place while breastfeeding. If this hold is not comfortable for you or your baby, you may need to try a different position.
The Cross-cradle Hold – While you are sitting up place baby on pillow across your lap, then turn baby’s body facing you. If you are breastfeeding on the right side hold baby’s head with your left hand, your arm will go down there back, and infants feet will tuck under your left arm. Support your breast with the right hand shaping like a C around the breast (as seen in picture above). With your left hand guide the infant’s mouth to your breast.
The Football Hold – This is a good way to breastfeed your baby if you have had a cesarean section, because the baby is not across the stomach. To begin tuck your baby under your arm with your hand supporting their head, on the side you want to breastfeed on. Position the baby facing your body with their nose level to your nipple. With the opposite hand shaped like a C, hold the breast then guide the baby’s head to it. You can use a pillow under the baby to raise them up making closer to the breast.
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Breastfeeding The Side-lying Position – This position is a great way to feed your baby at night or during the day, when you are resting. Mother and baby face each other, both on their sides. The baby’s head is on the mothers arm cradling around the baby. Pull the baby in close and breastfeed. Once you are in position and ready to breastfeed your baby:
Squeeze the brown or pink part around the nipple area of your breast to express a small amount of milk
UNICEF, 2008
Let the milk drip on the infant’s mouth, brushing the nipple across the lips
This will cause a rooting reflex where the infant opens his/her mouth wide, like a yawn.
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Breastfeeding
Pull the baby to your breast with the arm that is holding him. Make sure you pull the baby towards you, and not you towards the baby.
The baby's mouth should cover one inch of the brown or pink part circling the nipple (the areola). Check to see if the baby’s lips are flanged, turned out ward instead of inward. If the lower lip is turned in, press on baby’s chin and pull it out.
UNICEF, 2008
For a correct latch, almost the whole areola should be in the baby’s mouth. The lips, top and bottom, should be flanged or turned outward. The baby’s lips should look like he/she is drinking from a soda bottle.
Nose should be slightly touching the breast so infant can breathe while breastfeeding
No pain should be felt if the baby is latched on and sucking the breast correctly. If pain is felt or the baby is not sucking correctly, stop and reposition, and start the process over again.
Wikimedia, 2011
If it is too painful to break the latch and reposition over and over again, try to make adjustments at the breast. Two examples of this are flipping the baby’s lips out if they are pulled in, and using your thumb to open baby’s mouth in order to create a deeper latch.
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When wanting to stop breastfeeding, break the baby’s suction by putting your finger in the side of the baby's mouth until suction releases then pull the baby away from the nipple.
Do not let the baby continue to feed if it is painful. This can damage your nipples, and the baby may not be getting enough milk. Reposition and try for a better latch.
Contact your midwife or a lactation consultant for help improving latch and decreasing pain.
Infant Cues and Readiness for Breastfeeding You know your baby is ready to eat if you are seeing:
Wiggling, moving arms and legs (early sign of hunger)
Fussing and making squeaking noises (mid sign of hunger)
Restless and crying off and on (mid sign of hunger)
Crying loudly with screaming pitch, turning red in color (late sign of hunger) and infant may need held and comforted before breastfeeding
Opening mouth (rooting) and putting fingers in it (early sign of hunger)
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Breastfeeding Nipple Care and Ways to Prevent Nipple Soreness: Nipple tenderness is common when you first start breastfeeding, but should not last longer than 7-10 days. Discomfort may be felt when baby first starts feeding (latches on) but this should ease as the baby feeds. Your baby may not be positioned or latched on the breast properly if:
The pain remains through the whole feeding Your nipples bleed or become chapped You have pain between feedings You have a burning feeling on the nipple
Nipple soreness
Soreness lasts a short time and will get better quickly once problem is corrected
Don’t use soap or alcohol on breasts
Massage nipple/breast before starting to feed to prepare tissue
Use all cotton bra
Make sure your baby is positioned correctly
Expose your nipples to air as much as possible Apply purified lanolin or hydro gel after feeding to keep from drying
Nipple shield may protect from further damage (use briefly)
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Breastfeeding
Make sure your baby is breastfeeding well: By checking Rooting—opening mouth wide and searching for breast Angle of mouth—opening to allow deep latch Checking shape—round and full, no pucker or dimples Swallow heard—quiet “ta” heard, no slurp, smacks, or clicking Mouth sealed around breast- lips flanged (pulled outward), tongue curved around breast Suck, swallow, and breath is in rhythm—may pause then long sucks No nipple or breast pain—may feel tugging and pulling Nipple shape—should be same as before feeding but wet Fullness of breast—softer after feeding
Problems can be uncomfortable for you, and can keep your baby from getting enough milk. You and your baby will benefit by talking to a breastfeeding specialist if you continue to have nipple pain. If nipple pain starts all of a sudden after feeding has been going well, this could mean you have an infection, and should be seen by your midwife. www.peacehealth.org/s
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Breastfeeding Breast Fullness versus Engorgement Breast fullness takes place 2-5 days after you have your baby. The breasts fill with milk and a full sensation is present. This is a normal process. Engorgement happens as a result of not enough breast milk being removed from the breast, it could be called breast milk build up. Causes:
Not breastfeeding infant often enough
Milk not being removed from breast well
Not breastfeeding infant long enough Separation from infant for too long without breastfeeding
Prevent and relieve engorgement by:
Breastfeeding more often Breastfeeding for a longer amount of time Breastfeed infant through night every 2-3 hours Try different positions of feeding Skin to skin feeding to promote better suck Wear a supportive bra Pump breasts between feedings Warm water over breasts, shower, bath etc. Massage breasts before feeding Cold compresses 15 minutes on, then 15 minutes off, for 1-2 hours
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Breastfeeding
Cabbage leaf compress: Wash and refrigerate cabbage leaves apply cold cabbage leaves to breast for 30 minutes leaves should go around breasts, not over nipple may repeat three times or until milk starts leaking from breasts then pump breasts or breastfeed
Engorgement may last 24-48 hours For severe engorgement see midwife due to risk of infection
How Often Do You Breastfeed? Timing and Amount of breastfeeding in 24 hours Newborns need to breastfeed 10-12 times in a 24 hour period, and never less than 8 times. They should breastfeed every 2-3 hours around the clock. Yes, this is even through the night! During the first two weeks, if your baby is sleeping when it is time to feed, wake him/her and offer the breast. Skipping feedings can lead to dehydration during this early stage, and frequent feedings help babies grow rapidly and develop. A new mother may insure a good milk supply by:
Breastfeeding as soon as possible after baby is born Keeping the baby with you after the birth
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Feeding frequently every 2-3 hours to encourage milk coming in and milk production
Becoming comfortable with nursing Not limiting time frame for nursing Preparing a comfortable place to breastfeed Avoid milk supplements and pacifiers Pumping breasts between feedings to increase milk production
How Do You Know Baby and Mom are Doing Well with Breastfeeding? Your Breastfed Baby’s Bathroom Habits:
After day 1 your baby should be passing 3 or more stools per day.
The stools will change from thick, sticky, and black to softer, more liquid, and greenish-yellow. Small things that look like seeds may also be seen in diapers.
By the end of the 1st week your baby should be passing 5 or more yellow stools.
Also by the end of the 1st week your baby should be soaking 6 or more diapers a day with urine that is clear or light yellow.
Your baby making multiple wet and dirty diapers is a good way of knowing he/she is getting plenty to eat and is not dehydrated.
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Nutrition When Breastfeeding:
When breastfeeding your infant, you should take in 500 calories more than normal each day for the 1st six months and then about 400 extra after six months.
The goal is to keep a balance in the amount of energy taken in and the amount used. Energy = Calories.
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Mothers that breastfeed should avoid processed foods as much as possible.
See also Eating Healthy in the Postpartum section of this booklet.
Staying Well Hydrated While Breastfeeding:
Drink enough to satisfy your own thirst. There is no set amount of fluid, and your needs are individual to you.
Have something to drink each time you sit down to breastfeed the baby.
If you are drinking enough, your urine will be clear to light yellow, except the first morning urination, which will be darker.
One of the first signs of dehydration is constipation. If this occurs, you should increase the fluids you are drinking.
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Activity While Breastfeeding:
Regular activity is healthy at any time in life, including while you are breastfeeding.
Exercise does not interfere with a mother’s milk supply.
Exercising for 30 minutes most days of the week can also help increase your energy and boost your mood.
Excessive exercise to the point of exhaustion may create a lactic acid build up in breast milk and your baby may refuse the milk. So exercise in moderation.
Suggestions to Help You Rest and Sleep While Breastfeeding:
Chose simple meals and flexible meal times.
Sleep when your baby sleeps! This may be short intervals throughout the day, but every minute counts!
Ask for help when you need it! This includes help with meals and help with other children.
Does My Baby Need Vitamins While Breastfeeding? Breastmilk has most vitamins that your baby needs. It has plenty of E, C and B vitamins. But, because many women in the United States are low in Vitamin D, and breastmilk depends on the mother’s Vitamin D stores, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed babies receive a supplement of vitamin D.
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Breastfeeding
The recommendation is that all breastfed babies receive 400 IU (International Units) of vitamin D per day by 2 months of age.
These drops can be purchased over-the-counter at any drug store or pharmacy.
Spending a few minutes a day in the sun does help your body make Vitamin D, but babies should not be exposed to direct sunlight.
Returning to Work/Pumping and Storing Milk
Planning ahead is important! Working and breastfeeding are possible with advanced preparation.
Double electric pumps are the most efficient at pumping milk.
Start pumping after your milk supply is good and save this milk for times needed after you go back to work.
Pump at times when your milk supply is typically highest (like in the evening).
Refrigerate pumped milk within 6-8 hours and use within 8 days.
Milk can be stored out of the refrigerator or freezer in an insulated freezer bag up to 24 hours.
Frozen milk stored in the refrigerator freezer is good for 3 months.
Frozen milk stored in a deep-freezer is good for 6 months.
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Make sure there is a place to pump in privacy at work and look into your workplace policies about pumping.
Plan to pump and store milk at least 3 times during the day initially.
Have your baby’s caretaker not feed her/him right before you arrive so that you can nurse your baby right away after work.
Milk supply may decrease a little as you are away from your baby more and this is normal.
Plan time in the evening and on weekends to snuggle and feed baby lots to encourage increased milk supply
Ways to Help a Breastfeeding Mom: Family Involvement Here are some things family members can do to help you when you are breastfeeding:
Bring the baby to you Change diapers Burp the baby Feed you while you are feeding the baby. Laundry Housekeeping
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Elek, S. M., Hudson, D., & Fleck, M. (2002). Couples' Experiences With Fatigue During the Transition to Parenthood. Journal of Family Nursing, 8(3), 221. HHS Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding (2000). Retrieved fromhttp://www.rcm.upr.edu/mch/pdf/legislacion/hhs_bl ueprint.pdf La Leche League International. (2010). Retrieved from www.lalecheleague.org Blackburn, S. (2007). Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Physiology. (3rd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. ISBN: 978-1-41602944-1. Lowdermilk, D.L. & Perry, S (2007). Maternity & Women’s Health Care 9th edition. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Inc. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2010). Postpartum care: What to expect after a vaginal birth. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/postpartumcare/PR00142 Mommy and Kids. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.mommykids.info/correct-breastfeedingposition-for-your-babys-comfort Moran, D. E., & Kallam, B.G. (2000). A new beginning: Your personal guide to postpartum care. Arlington, Texas. Customized communications incorporated. Peter, E., Janssen, P., Grange, C., & Douglas, M. (2001). Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for the relief of perineal pain after childbirth: A randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 165 (9): 12031209.
Riordan, J. & Wambach, K. (2010). Breastfeeding and Human Lactation 4th edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Sears, J. (2006). Fussy Babies. Retrieved May 15, 2011, from AskDrSears: http://www.askdrsears.com/html/5/T051200.asp Smith, A. (2010). Breastfeeding Basics. Retrieved from www.breastfeedingbasics.com. Thureen, P., Deacon, J., Hernandez, J., Hall, D., (2005). Assessment and care of the well newborn. St.Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. UNICEF and the Baby Friendly Initiative. (2008). Retrieved May 15, 2011 from www.babyfriendly.org.uk United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). Food guide pyramid graphics. Retrieved from the USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion website: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/FGPGraphicResources.htm University of Iowa. (2006). Postpartum care. Retrieved May 16, 2011 from http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/ pregnancyandchildbirth/preg4876.html U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 18. Retrieved from http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/ Data/SR18/nutrlist/sr18w291.pdf. Varney, H., Kriebs, J., & Gregor, C. (2004) Varney's Midwifery (4th ed.). MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN: 0-76371856-4.
White, M. B. (2002). Becoming a Father: The Postpartum Man. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 17(2), 4-6. Wikimedia. (2011). Retrieved May 17, 2011 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/B reastfeeding_infant.jpg Zolten, K. &. (1997). Infant Temperament. Retrieved May 15, 2011, from Center for Effective Parenting: http://www.parentinged.org/handout3/general%20paren ting%20information/infant%20temperament.htm
Best Wishes From Frontier Midwifery Students Spring 2011