FINAL PROJECT GRAmmAR
PAsT sImPLE
PAsT CONTINuOus
PREPOsITIONs
COmPARIsON AdJECTIvEs
AdvERbs
Alejandra Benavides Arias.
PAsT sImPLE We are going to learn, when we have to use “past simple”
The simple past is used:
For an action that started and ended in the past.
Example: Yesterday, I visited my grandfather.
For a repeated action in the past.
Example: When I was a child, I played Barbie every day after school.
Verbs: Regular past simple tense verbs end in –ed
Irregular past simple tense verbs do not end in –ed, you need to learn irregular past tense verbs.
Activity Write the past tense of these verbs:
Bring =_________ Buy=___________ Drink=_________ Ride=__________ Sell=___________ Teach=_________ Hear=_________ Lose=_________ Wear=________ Think=_______ Grow=________
Past Continuous
Subject + be + base form of verb + ing
Use the past continuous for events in progress in the past.
Writing Anecdotes.
Use the past continuous to set the background for a story or tell about events in progress in the past. Use the simple past for completed actions in the past.
In conversation, the most common verbs in the past continuous are: •
Talk
•
Do
•
Go
•
Say
•
Try
•
Get
•
Tell
For example: My friend and I were talking in class when we saw the teacher, she was right beside us. She was listenning to us.
NEGATIvE sTATEmENT
Subject + be + not + base form of verb + ing Example: He was not making the dinner last night.
PAsT CONTINuOus QuEsTION wh-word + be + subject + base of verb + ing Example: What were you doing yesterday? No, I was not. I was by myself What was she doing? She was making dinner
Activity
• When I phoned my friends, they (play) ________monopoly.
• Yestarday at six I (prepare) ____________ dinner.
• The kids (play) ________in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
• I (practise) ___________ the guitar when he came home.
• We (not / cycle) ___________all day.
• While Aaron (work) _________in his room, his Friends (swim) _________in the pool.
• What (you/do) __________yesterday?
• Most of the time we (sit) _________in the park.
PREPOsITIONs
It looks like easy topic, however is not. We have to learn about it. What is a preposition? A preposition is a word that explains the time, space or logical relationship between the other parts of the sentence. In other words, it links all the other words together, so the reader can understand how the pieces of the sentence fit. Some Example of prepositions: as at but by to for
from In on of up in
Note: in - used with months and years at - used with specific times during the day on - used with days of the week
Activities: http://www.eslcafe.com/quiz/prep3.html
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz98bck.htm
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/prepositions.htm
Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives can be used to talk about the differences between two things, people,or events. The comparative form is used with than.
Form: •
For most one-syllable and some two-syllable adjectives, add –er.
Example: Quick – quicker Easy – easier E-mail is quicker than regular mail. •
For most other adjectives of two or more syllable, use more + adjective.
Example: Personal – more personal Letters are more personal than e-mail. •
Less is also used with adjectives in comparisons. It expresses the opposite of more.
Example: Less + Adjective Less personal. E- mail is less personal than letters. •
Some adjectives have irregular forms for the comparative.
Example: Good = better. Real cards are better than e-mail. Bad=worse. Spam is worse than regular junk mail. •
Than can be used with an adjective to compare two nouns in the same sentence. But not all comparisons need to include than or need to include both nouns.
Example: Letters are more personal than e-mail. They are more fun.
Spelling Rules
For adjectives ending in –e, add “r”.
Nice- nicer
For adjectives endind in a consonant + y, change the “y” to –i and add –er.
Busy- busier
Fort he most adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant, doublé the final consonant.
Big- Bigger.
Note: Do not double the consonant in words endind in –w. Slow-slower
Activity Write the comparative form of the following adjectives.
Small________ Big_________ Weak_______ Pretty________ Safe_________ Beautiful________
Fat___________ Sad_________ Clearly________ Late_________ Hard________
Practice more: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp? id=2070
ADVERBS
ďƒ˜
An adverb describes a verb. It shows how,where,when or how often someone does something. Adverbs usually go after verbs.
Example He walks slowly. ( how does he walk?) Jonh is here. (Where is he?) here = adverb of place. ďƒ˜
Sometimes adverbs go before the main verb, example the adverbs of frequency (often,always,ect.).
Example He often visits his Friends.
Formation of adverbs o
We usually forma n adverb by adding –ly to the adjective
e.g. slow-slowly
o
Adjectives ending in –le drop the “e” and take “y”.
e.g. Simple- simply
o
Adjectives ending in consonant + “y” drop the “y” and take -ly.
e.g. Angry- angrily o
Adjectives ending in –l take –ly.
e.g. careful-carefully
Note: Some adverbs are not formed according to the above rules. They have either a different form or the same as the adjective.
Adjective
Adverb
Good
well
Fast
fast
Hard
hard
Early
early
Late
late
Activity Write the adverbs:
Polite___________ Dangerous_____________ Nice_____________ Easy_____________ Good___________ Cheap__________ Safe____________ Terrible_____________ Awful_____________ Noisy __________ Fast_______________ Soft_____________
More practice: http://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htm