The History of Type A Typographic Analysis
The History of Typography
Designed by Alexander Roman California College of The Arts Typography 1 Fall 2014
Table of Contents Renaissance Neo Classical Romantic Realist Geometric Post Modern
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R
{Old Style } Font Families Garamond Janson
Mona Lisa by Leornardo Da Vinci
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In the 12th century a rediscovery of Greek and Roman literature occurred across Europe that eventually led to the development of the humanist movement in the 14th century. In addition to emphasizing Greek and Latin scholarship, humanists believed that each individual had significance within society. The growth of an interest in humanism led to the changes in the arts and sciences that form common conceptions of the Renaissance.
Renaissance 1400 –1550 C I O U
D J P V
E K Q W
F L R X
Garamond by Claude Garamond c.1530
A B G H MN S T Y Z
Jenson designed by Anton Jenson c.1685
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Neo {Transitional} Font Families Baskerville Caslon
Art by Jacques-Louis David
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Classical
Baskerville designed by John Baskerville c.1757
The Enlightenment’s emphasis on rationality in part fueled the classical focus. The geometric harmony of classical art and architecture seemed to embody Enlightenment ideals. In addition, classical cultures represented the height of civilized society, and Greece and Rome served as models of enlightened political organization. These cultures, with their traditions of liberty, civic virtue, morality, and sacrifice, served as ideal models during a period of great political upheaval. Given such traditional associations, it is not coincidental that Neoclassicism was particularly appealing during the French and American Revolutions.
1750–1850
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C I O U
D J P V
E F K L Q R W X
Caslon designed by Willam Caslon c. 1722
A B GH MN S T Y Z
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Rom {Serif Type} Font Families Bodoni Didot
”Sea of Fog” by Caspar David Fredrich
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mantic
Janson by Miklós Tótfalusi Kis
By the late 18th century in France and Germany, literary taste began to turn from classical and neoclassical conventions. The generation of revolution and wars, of stress and upheaval had produced doubts on the security of the age of reason. Doubts and pessimism now challenged the hope and optimism of the 18th century. Men felt a deepened concern for the metaphysical problems of existence, death, and eternity. It was in this setting that Romanticism was born.
1750–1870
B H N T Z
C I O U
D J P V
E F K L Q R WX
Didot designed by Firmin Didot c.1757
A G M S Y
Bodoni by Giambattista Bodoni c.1909
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Real {
sans serif
}
Font Families Bell Gothic
Arial Din
Paris Strret, Rainy day by Gustave Caillebotte
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list
Din by Ludwig Goller c.1927
The first Roman type designed by Claude Garamond was used in an edition of the Erasmus book Paraphrasis in Elegantiarum Libros Laurentii Vallae published in 1530. The Roman design was based on an Aldus Manutius type, De Aetna, cut in 1455 by Francesco Griffo.
1860 –1910
C D E F I J K L OP Q R U VW X
Arial by Robin Nicholas, Patricia Saunders c.1982
A B G H MN S T Y Z
Bell Gothic by Chauncey H. Griffith c.1922
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Geo {
}
sans serif Font Families
Twentieth Century Futura Rockwell
Art by Pablo Picasso
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ometric
Twentieth Century by Sol Hess c.1940
Simple geometric shapes influence the construction of these typefaces. Strokes have the appearance of being strict monolines and character shapes are made up of geometric forms. Geometric sans tend to be less readable than grotesques.
1910 –1960
C I O U
D J P V
E F K L Q R WX
Futura by Paul Renner c.1927
A B G H MN S T Y Z
Rockwell by Frank Hinman Pierpont c.1934
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Post Font Families
For Personal Gain
Chicago Frechezza
art by keith haring
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Modern
For Personal Gain by Matt J. Lew c.2014
Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. Postmodernism includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism.
1960-2020
Chicago by Susan Kare c.1990
ABCDE F GHI J KL M N O P Q RSTUVW XYZ
Frechezza by Marco Oggian c.2014
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Colophon
Printed in The United States in Oakland California. First Edition, designed by Alexander Roman at the California College of The Arts in San Francisco. December 2014
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