Sri Lanka Health System Review

Page 162

There are about 42 000 internally or internationally displaced persons within the boundaries of Sri Lanka (Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, 2019). Malaria, TB and dengue awareness programmes are being conducted for them with the collaboration of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and IOM. The health sector of Sri Lanka closely liaises with UNHCR to provide psychosocial support and counselling services to those who are in need (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2018). The MoH collaborates with UNHCR and other stakeholders to conduct awareness-raising sessions for international refugee protection.

5.14 Complementary and alternative medicine, including traditional medicine In Sri Lanka, the Traditional Medicine (TM)/Indigenous Medicine system comprises Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Deshiya Chikitsa (local indigenous medical practices). The Ayurveda Act, enacted in 1961, regulates the TM system in the country, including TM education. The Department of Ayurveda, Ayurveda Medical Council, Ayurveda College and Hospital Board, and the Ayurveda Research Committee were established under the Ayurveda Act no. 31 of 1961 (Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, 1961). The Department of Ayurveda, under the guidance of the MoH, administers and regulates the TM system with the assistance of provincial councils and local government bodies. The Ayurveda Medical Council is the main regulatory body for Ayurvedic practitioners, Ayurveda pharmacists and Ayurveda nurses. In addition, the Council is responsible for formulating rules to regulate ethical conduct and the practice of Ayurveda, and any matter relevant to service provision and education. The Ayurveda College and Hospital Board regulates the content of courses on Ayurvedic medicine, appoints examiners and conducts examinations for awarding diplomas, exhibitions (Jatha dakshina), bursaries, medals and other prizes for students (Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, 1961). It regulates and controls admissions, discipline and the moral development of students. The Ayurveda Research Committee is responsible for carrying out research in all branches of Ayurveda to promote its development and provide advice to the Department of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic educational institutions. The indigenous curative and preventive medical services of the public sector (State) are provided to the public through a network of 708 Ayurvedic hospitals and dispensaries located islandwide. These facilities come under the administrative purview of the indigenous medical sector of the MoH. In Ayurvedic hospitals and dispensaries, indigenous medical OPD care is carried out daily and, in addition, the hospitals provide inpatient care. The necessary medicines are mainly manufactured locally while a few are imported.

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9. Appendices ................................................................................................ 206 9.1 References

21min
pages 230-247

9.3 About the authors

4min
pages 250-254

7.6 Transparency and accountability

18min
pages 220-229

9.2 HiT methodology and production process

2min
pages 248-249

7.4 Health outcomes, health service outcomes and quality of care

5min
pages 203-205

7.3 User experience and equity of access to health care

14min
pages 195-202

7.1 Objectives of the health system

4min
pages 182-183

7. Assessment of the health system .......................................................... 157 Chapter summary

1min
page 181

6.3 Future developments

10min
pages 174-180

developments in Sri Lanka

1min
page 164

6.2 Analysis of recent major reforms

17min
pages 165-173

6. Principal health reforms ......................................................................... 139 Chapter summary

1min
page 163

medicine

2min
page 162

5.11 Mental health care

5min
pages 157-159

5.13 Health services for specific populations

1min
page 161

5.8 Rehabilitation

3min
pages 153-154

5.7 Pharmaceutical care

3min
pages 151-152

5.6 Emergency care

2min
page 150

5.2 Curative care services

3min
pages 145-146

5.4 Inpatient care

3min
pages 148-149

4.2 Human resources

6min
pages 117-120

5. Provision of services ................................................................................ 113 Chapter summary

1min
page 137

4.1 Physical resources

1min
page 104

4. Physical and human resources ................................................................ 78 Chapter summary

3min
pages 102-103

3.7 Payment mechanisms

1min
pages 100-101

3.6 Other financing

1min
page 99

Figure 3.8 OOP spending on health by expenditure deciles, 2016

11min
pages 86-92

3.5 Voluntary private health insurance

3min
pages 97-98

3.2 Sources of revenue and financial flows

2min
pages 81-82

3.3 Overview of the public financing schemes

2min
page 85

Figure 3.6 Financing system related to health-care provision

0
page 83

3. Health financing ......................................................................................... 48 Chapter summary

1min
page 72

2.9 Patient empowerment

7min
pages 68-71

2.8 Regulation

8min
pages 64-67

2.7 Health information management

5min
pages 61-63

2.6 Intersectorality

3min
pages 59-60

2.4 Decentralization and centralization

3min
pages 56-57

2.2 Overview of the health system

1min
page 52

2.1 Historical background

2min
page 51

2.3 Organization

1min
page 53

2. Organization and governance ................................................................... 26 Chapter summary

1min
page 50

1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Chapter summary

1min
page 25

1.4 Health status

11min
pages 37-43

1.3 Political context

2min
page 36

1.5 Human-induced and natural disasters

3min
pages 48-49

Figure 1.1 Map of Sri Lanka

1min
pages 27-28

1.1 Geography and sociodemography

1min
page 26

1.2 Economic context

2min
page 35

1 Analysis of the significant health reforms that affected health

2min
page 30
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