125 Fish - Riehl by Alexander Riehl

AUBURN CITY SCHOOLS

Fish Identification Project A Compendium of 125 species Alexander Riehl 12/14/2011

Fish Species Identification

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Fish Species Identification

Table of Contents Licensing Information ............................................................................................................2 Marine Vertebrates ................................................................................................................4 Freshwater Vertebrates ........................................................................................................ 56 Marine Invertebrates .......................................................................................................... 110 Freshwater Invertebrates .................................................................................................... 131

Fish Species Identification

Marine Vertebrates Pomacanthus Annularis .............................................................................................................. 6 Centropyge loricula ..................................................................................................................... 7 Pseudanthias huchtii ................................................................................................................... 8 Variola louti ................................................................................................................................. 9 Gramma melacara ....................................................................................................................... 10 Platax teira...................................................................................................................................11 Dermatoplepis dermatolepis......................................................................................................... 12 Escenius midas ............................................................................................................................ 13 Carcharodon carcharias ..............................................................................................................14 Lactoria cornuta .......................................................................................................................... 15 Squalus acanthias ........................................................................................................................ 16 Heniochus diphreutes ..................................................................................................................17 Apogon maculates........................................................................................................................ 18 Chromis atripectoralis .................................................................................................................19 Premnas biaculeatus .................................................................................................................... 20 Remora remora ............................................................................................................................ 21 Nemateleotris decora ................................................................................................................... 22 Rhincodon Typus ......................................................................................................................... 23 Synchiropus splendidus ...............................................................................................................24 Gymnothorax fimbriatus..............................................................................................................25 Oxymonacanthus longirostris ...................................................................................................... 26 Bothus lunatus ............................................................................................................................. 27 Antennarius striatus .................................................................................................................... 28 Parupeneus barberinus ................................................................................................................29 Lythrypnus dalli ........................................................................................................................... 30 Anisotremus virginicus ................................................................................................................31 Amphiprion frenatus.................................................................................................................... 32 Hypoplectrus puella ..................................................................................................................... 33 Paracirrhites forsteri.................................................................................................................... 34 Bodianus pulchellus .................................................................................................................... 35 Selene vomer ................................................................................................................................ 36 Opistognathus aurifrons ..............................................................................................................37 Pterois radiate .............................................................................................................................. 38 Cetoscarus bicolor ....................................................................................................................... 39 Doryrhamphus pessuliferus ......................................................................................................... 40 Pseudochromis flavivertex ...........................................................................................................41 Siganus magnificus ..................................................................................................................... 42 Trygonorrhina fasciata ................................................................................................................43 Synanceia verrucosa .................................................................................................................... 44 Hippocampus histrix .................................................................................................................... 45 Myripristis jacobus....................................................................................................................... 46 Ginglymostoma cirratum .............................................................................................................47 Symphoricthys spilurus ................................................................................................................48 4

Fish Species Identification Acanthurus Achilles .................................................................................................................... 49 Hoplolatilus marcosi .................................................................................................................... 50 Xanthichthys auromarginatus ..................................................................................................... 51 Choerodon fasciatus .................................................................................................................... 52 Paracanthurus hepatus ................................................................................................................53 Siganus vulpinus.......................................................................................................................... 54 Dendrochirus zebra ..................................................................................................................... 55

Fish Species Identification Title : Pomacanthus Annularis – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 1

Common Name: Bluering Angelfish Scientific Name: Pomacanthus Annularis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pomacanthidae

Geography / Habitat: Found in the Indo-West Pacific ocean, from East Africa to Japan and New Guinea. Habitat: Reef, in the wild. Non-migratory. Depth ranges from surface to 30 meters.

Life Strategy: Adults often are found in pairs, within caves; juveniles in shallow water with dead coral substrates, or filamentous algae, on which they can feed.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed on sponges, tunicates, and in the aquarium on algae, coral, and occasionally other fish.

 Body Form or Style: Compressiform  Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform  Mouth Position: Terminal  Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Pomacanthus&speciesname=annularis 6

Fish Species Identification Title : Centropyge loricula – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 2

Common Name: Flame Angelfish Scientific Name: Centropyge loricula Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pomacanthidae

Geography / Habitat: Pacific Ocean (clear lagoon and seaward reefs) from 15-60 meters deep.

Life Strategy: Stays near shelter; forms groups of 3-7 individuals

Food / Feed Strategy: Eats algae, small invertebrates (such as shrimp)

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Centropyge-loricula.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Pseudanthias huchtii – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 3

Common Name: Red-cheeked Fairy Basslet Scientific Name: Pseudanthias huchtii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Cctinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Serranidae Geography / Habitat: Pacific – Great Barrier Reef, North through Phillipines to coast of SE Asia; East as far as Hawaii. Reef-dwelling.

Life Strategy: Occur singly, or in small groups. Males are territorial.

Food / Feed Strategy: Flakes in captivity. Unstudied in the wild.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pseudanthias-huchtii.html 8

Fish Species Identification Title : Variola louti – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species #4

Common Name: Yellow-Edged Lyretail Scientific Name: Variola louti Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Serranidae

Geography / Habitat: Mostly Pacific, from Africa to Japan and Australia. Also found in the Carribean and along the coast of South America, but not in the Persian Gulf or Hawaii.

Life Strategy: Prefers Islands/Offshore reefs. Depth ranges from 3 to 250 meters.

Food / Feed Strategy: Mostly eats fishes, crabs, stomatopods, and shrimps.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Variola-louti.html 9

Fish Species Identification Title : Gramma melacara – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 5

Common Name: Blackcap Basslet Scientific Name: Gramma melacara Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Grammatidae

Geography / Habitat: Carribean/Central-American region [Marine]. Found on nearly-vertical cliffs and dropoffs, beyond outer reefs. Range from 10 to 180 meters.

Life Strategy: Often swim upside-down; retreat into recesses when alarmed. Territorial, when it comes to members of similar species.

Food / Feed Strategy: Eat shrimp and other small invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Gramma-melacara.html 10

Fish Species Identification Title : Platax teira – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 6

Common Name: Longfin Batfish Scientific Name: Platax teira Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Ephippidae Geography / Habitat: Tropical Regions – East Africa, India, Southeastern Asia, Pacific Islands, Carribean, South America, West Africa (a bit)

Life Strategy: Adults live in bays or deep offshore; also found around shipwrecks, and form small groups [large schools occasional]. Juveniles shelter near debris or in protected inner reefs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume smaller fish or invertebrates, such as shrimp.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Platax-teira.html 11

Fish Species Identification Title : Dermatoplepis dermatolepis – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 7

Common Name: Leather Bass Scientific Name: Dermatoplepis dermatolepis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Serranidae

Geography / Habitat: Rocky reefs in the East Central and Southeastern Pacific Ocean. Depth range 21 to 40 meters.

Life Strategy: Juveniles left unguarded; clouds-of-eggs-and-sperm reproductive strategy.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume small fish, and occasionally crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Dermatolepis-dermatolepis.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Escenius midas - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 8

Common Name: Persian Blenny Scientific Name: Ecsenius midas Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Blenniidae

Geography / Habitat: Indian and Pacific Oceans, especially Southeast Asia. Marine. Associated with reefs. Depth ranges from 2 to 40 meters.

Life Strategy: Reef-dweller, usually in areas with moderate currents. Can change color to match the colors of the fishes it mixes with. Eggs are dermal and adhesive.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on plankton, especially zooplankton.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Ecsenius-midas.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Carcharodon carcharias – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 9

Common Name: Great White Shark Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Order: Lamniformes

Family: Lamnidae

Geography / Habitat: Any or all cold, temperate, and tropical waters, both coastal and offshore. Depth ranges from surface to 1800 meters.

Life Strategy: Proceed solitarily, or in small groups. Ovoviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume large prey, including seals, sea-lions, dolphins, whale carcasses, and other fish.

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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Carcharodon-carcharias.html 14

Fish Species Identification Title : Lactoria cornuta – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 10

Common Name: Longhorn Cowfish Scientific Name: Lactoria cornuta Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Tetraodontiformes

Family: Ostraciidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-pacific with heaviest concentrations in the Southeast Asian region. Marine or brackish water. Depth ranges from 18 to 100 meters.

Life Strategy: Juveniles often live in brackish water or near river mouths, forming small groups. Adults are solitary.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed on benthic invertebrates by blowing sand away.

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Body Form or Style: Depressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Ostraciiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Lactoria-cornuta.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Squalus acanthias – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 11

Common Name: Picked Dogfish Scientific Name: Squalus acanthias Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondricththyes

Order: Squaliformes

Family: Squalidae

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic (Northern as far south as Argentina and South Africa). Depth ranges from the surface to 1460 meters.

Life Strategy: Inshore or offshore. Often found in estuaries or enclosed bays; sometimes enter freshwater but cannot survive there for long. Schooling. Can inflict toxins with its tail.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes smaller fish, smaller sharks, mollusks, crustaceans, and shark eggcases.

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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Squalus-acanthias.html 16

Fish Species Identification Title : Heniochus diphreutes – Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 12

Common Name: False Moorish Idol Scientific Name: Heniochus diphreutes Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Chaetodontidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific; Southeast Asia to Hawaii. Reef-associated; depth ranges from 15 to 210 meters.

Life Strategy: Form pairs during breeding; oviparous. Juveniles aggregate around isolated patch reefs; adults form schools.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume Plankton, Brine Shrimp, or other invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Heniochus-diphreutes.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Apogon maculatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 13

Common Name: Flamefish Scientific Name: Apogon maculatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Apogonidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic (Caribbean to Massachusetts.) Depth ranges from surface to 128 meters. Reef-associated.

Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Males occasionally spotted with eggs. Hides in cracks/crevices during the day.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes meaty foods such as smaller fish, crustaceans, and bloodworms.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Apogon-maculatus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Chromis atripectoralis - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 14

Common Name: Black-axil Chromis Scientific Name: Chromis atripectoralis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pomacentridae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific regions, especially off Southeast Asia/Australia. Marine. Range from 1 to 29 meters.

Life Strategy: Eggs are demersal; they adhere to substrate. Oviparous. Distinct pairings during breeding. Adults inhabit reef slopes or lagoons. Aggregate above Acropora corals.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume copepods, amphipods, and zoea.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Chromis-atripectoralis.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Premnas biaculeatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 15

Common Name: Spinecheek Anemonefish Scientific Name: Premnas biaculeatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pomacentridae

Geography / Habitat: Marine, Indo-West Pacific (Southeast Asia and Western Pacific Islands); reefassociated. Depth ranges from 1 to 16 meters.

Life Strategy: Oviparous; form distinct pairs during breeding. Males guard/aerate eggs. Associated symbiotically with the anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. Inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs. Males smaller than females.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed mostly on zooplankton/algae.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Premnas-biaculeatus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Remora remora - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 16

Common Name: Shark Sucker / Remora Scientific Name: Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Echeneidae Geography / Habitat: Most warm-water marine environments – Indo-China to California; Nova Scotia to Argentina; Western Mediterranean, Africa, North Sea. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from surface to 100 meters.

Life Strategy: Attaches itself to sharks or other large fishes, sea turtles, or ships, or sometimes free-swimming.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes parasitic copepods. Symbiotic relationship with the shark/large fish.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Supraterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Remora-remora.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Nemateleotris decora - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 17

Common Name: Elegant Firefish Scientific Name: Nemateleotris decora Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Ptereleotridae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, especially Southeast Asian region. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 25 to 70 meters.

Life Strategy: Often found in pairs; monogamous. Dart into a hole when alarmed. Can be found at the bases of reefs, and in deep reef drop-offs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes zooplankton, esp. crustacean larvae and copepods.

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Body Form or Style: Taeniform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Nemateleotris-decora.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Rhincodon Typus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 18

Common Name: Whale Shark Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Order: Orectolobiformes

Family: Rhincodontidae

Geography / Habitat: Worldwide in tropical/warm temperate seas. Depth ranges from surface to 700 meters, though they usually remain within 70 meters of the surface.

Life Strategy: Solitary, or in groups of 100+ individuals. Migratory, but returns to same sites annually. Ovoviviparous. Litter size is over 300.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume plankton, as well as small fishes, crustaceans, and squid.

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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Rhincodon-typus.html 23

Fish Species Identification Title : Synchiropus splendidus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 19

Common Name: Mandarinfish Scientific Name: Synchiropus splendidus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Callionymidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Pacific, ranging from the Ryukyu Islands to Australia. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 1 to 18 meters.

Life Strategy: Lives in inshore reefs and shallow, protected lagoons with silty bottoms composed of coral and rubble. Usually found in small groups.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume copepeods, small worms, gastropods, fish eggs, ostracods, and amphipods.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Synchiropus-splendidus.html 24

Fish Species Identification Title : Gymnothorax fimbriatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 20

Common Name: Fimbriated Moray Scientific Name: Gymnothorax fimbriatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Anguilliformes

Family: Muraenidae

Geography / Habitat: Ranges from Madagascar to Japan and Australia, especially in the Southeastern Asia region. Live in marine and brackish environments. Depth ranges from the surface to 45 meters.

Life Strategy: May possibly be a protogynous hermaphrodite. Prefers protected inshore waters, small caves, and harbors, as well as lagoons and reefs. Likely to be nocturnal.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes crustaceans and fishes.

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Body Form or Style: Taeniform Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Gymnothorax-fimbriatus.html 25

Fish Species Identification Title: Oxymonacanthus longirostris- Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 21

Common Name: Harlequin Filefish Scientific Name: Oxymonacanthus longirostris Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Tetraodontiformes

Family: Monacanthidae

Geography / Habitat: Southeastern Asia, as far west as Africa and as far south as the Great Barrier Reef.

Life Strategy: Pairs or small groups. Monogamous. Nest near dead corals, usually on clumps of algae.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes only Acropora polyps.

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Body Form or Style: Sagittiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Oxymonacanthus-longirostris.html 26

Fish Species Identification Title : Bothus lunatus - Saltwater/MarineFish

Species # 22

Common Name: Plate Fish Scientific Name: Bothus lunatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Pleuronectiformes

Family: Bothidae Geography / Habitat: Atlantic – Especially Caribbean region

Life Strategy: Common around reefs. Lives in clear, sandy areas near or among coral, rubble, seagrass, or mangroves.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small fishes, as well as octopuses and crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Bothus-lunatus.html 27

Fish Species Identification Title : Antennarius striatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 23

Common Name: Striated frogfish Scientific Name: Antennarius striatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Lophiiformes

Family: Antennariidae

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic, especially Caribbean; Pacific, especially Indo-China

Life Strategy: Oviparous. Eggs bound in ‘egg raft’/’veil’. Inflates itself, similarly to puffers. Found in weedy estuaries, rocky/coral reefs, rocks, sand, and rubble.

Food / Feed Strategy: Anglerfish. Uses lure to attract smaller fish.

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Body Form or Style: Globiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Ostraciiform Mouth Position: Supraterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Antennarius-striatus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Parupeneus barberinus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 24

Common Name: Dash-and-dot Goatfish Scientific Name: Parupedeus barberinus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinpterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Mullidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, Especially Southeast Asian region. Ranges from the surface to 100 meters. Reef-associated.

Life Strategy: Adults are solitary, or in small groups. Juveniles typically are in small groups, with other species.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes crabs, worms, mollusks, brachiopods, shrimps, et cetera.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Parupeneus-barberinus.html 29

Fish Species Identification Title : Lythrypnus dalli - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 25

Common Name: Bluebanded Goby Scientific Name: Lythrypnus dalli Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Gobiidae Geography / Habitat: Eastern Pacific – California to Peru. Depth ranges from the surface to 76 meters. Marine.

Life Strategy: Oviparous. Males guard eggs, which females deposit in empty shells. Retreat to crevices/holes when threatened; territorial.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume mostly small crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Lythrypnus-dalli.html 30

Fish Species Identification Title : Anisotremus virginicus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 26

Common Name: Porkfish Scientific Name: Anisotremus virginicus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Haemulidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic (Caribbean)

Life Strategy: Inhabit reefs/rocky bottoms.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mollusks, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms, and parasites nocturnally.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Anisotremus-virginicus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Amphiprion frenatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 27

Common Name: Tomato Clownfish Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pomacentridae Geography / Habitat: Western Pacific (Indo-China/Southeast Asia) – Lagoon reefs.

Life Strategy: Monogamous; protects eggs; larvae find new protective anemones after being hatched. Oviparous. Eggs adhere to substrate and are demersal. Protandrous hermaphrodite.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes algae, small crustaceans, and zooplankton.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Amphiprion-frenatus.html 32

Fish Species Identification Title : Hypoplectrus puella - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 28

Common Name: Barred Hamlet Scientific Name: Hypoplectrus puella Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Serranidae

Geography / Habitat: West-Central Atlantic; Caribbean.

Life Strategy: Solitary; inhabit coral/rocky reefs. Always remain near cover.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume small crustaceans, shrimp, and smaller fish.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Hypoplectrus-puella.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Paracirrhites forsteri - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 29

Common Name: Blackside Hawkfish Scientific Name: Paracirrhites forsteri Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cirrhitidae Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific – Especially Southeast Asian region. Marine. Depth ranges from 1 to 35 meters.

Life Strategy: Territorial. Tends to perch on corals. Found either singly or in pairs. Found in seaward reefs or clear lagoons.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small fishes and crustaceans, and sometimes shrimps.

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Body Form or Style: Globiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Paracirrhites-forsteri.html 34

Fish Species Identification Title : Bodianus pulchellus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 30

Common Name: Spotfin Hogfish Scientific Name: Bodianus pulchellus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Labridae

Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic (Caribbean); Also São Tomé Island in the Eastern Atlantic. Depth ranges from 15 to 120 meters. Reef-associated.

Life Strategy: Oviparous; distinct pairing during breeding. May hybridize with Bodanius rufus. Adults inhabit coral/rocky reefs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Adults feed on crabs and small shellfish; juveniles consume parasites from other fishes.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Bodianus-pulchellus.html 35

Fish Species Identification Title : Selene vomer - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 31

Common Name: Lookdown Scientific Name: Selene vomer Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Carangidae

Geography / Habitat: Canada to Uruguay, incl. Caribbean.

Life Strategy: Juveniles tend to prefer estuarine areas and areas near sandy beaches. Adults found in shallow coastal waters, near hard or sandy bottoms. Schooling, but also form small groups or pairs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume small crabs, shrimps, worms, and fishes.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Selene-vomer.html 36

Fish Species Identification Title : Opistognathus aurifrons - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 32

Common Name: Yellowhead Jawfish Scientific Name: Opistognathus aurifrons Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Opistognathidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Central Atlantic (Caribbean)

Life Strategy: Male broods eggs orally. Interesting courting behavior. Inhabit burrows made from sand or crushed coral.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume plankton, shrimp, and other small invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Opistognathus-aurifrons.html 37

Fish Species Identification Title : Pterois radiata - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 33

Common Name: Radial Firefish Scientific Name: Pterois radiata Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Scorpaeniformes

Family: Scorpaenidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, especially Southeast Asian region. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 1 to 30 meters.

Life Strategy: Generally uncommon. Prefers rocky reefs. Avoids stony corals. Capable of inflicting a sting. Coastal.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes smaller fish, as well as invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pterois-radiata.html 38

Fish Species Identification Title : Cetoscarus bicolor - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 34

Common Name: Bicolour Parrotfish Scientific Name: Cetoscarus bicolor Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actiniopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Scaridae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, especially Southeast Asia, and south to the Great Barrier Reef. Found in clear lagoons and seaward reefs. Depth ranges from 1 to 30 meters.

Life Strategy: Juveniles solitary; males territorial. Adults form harems. Very large females can change sex into males. Small juveniles are usually found in dense coral and algae.

Food / Feed Strategy: Algae grazers.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Cetoscarus-bicolor.html 39

Fish Species Identification Title : Doryrhamphus pessuliferus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 35

Common Name: Scientific Name: Doryrhamphus pessuliferus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Syngnathiformes

Family: Syngnathidae Geography / Habitat: W. Central Pacific (Eastern Indian Ocean – Australia)

Life Strategy: Adults found in muddy substrate; also enter shallow estuaries. Ovoviviparous. Male carries eggs in a brood pouch. Adults form pairs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Active Cleaners – consume parasites, algae, and invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Filiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Doryrhamphus-pessuliferus.html 40

Fish Species Identification Title : Pseudochromis flavivertex - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 36

Common Name: Scientific Name: Pseudochromis flavivertex Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Pseudochromidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Indian Ocean (Red Sea).

Life Strategy: Occurs around bases of small rocks.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pseudochromis-flavivertex.html 41

Fish Species Identification Title : Siganus magnificus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 37

Common Name: Magnificent Rabbitfish Scientific Name: Siganus magnificus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Siganidae

Geography / Habitat: Thailand/Eastern Indian Ocean; Indonesia. Depth ranges from 3 to 30 meters.

Life Strategy: Reef-dweller; adults occur in pairs. Juveniles hide within corals.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feed on small invertebrates and algae.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Siganus-magnificus.html 42

Fish Species Identification Title : Trygonorrhina fasciata - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 38

Common Name: Southern Fiddler Scientific Name: Trygonorrhina fasciata Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Order: Rajiformes

Family: Rhinobatidae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Indian Ocean; Australiaa. Depth ranges from the surface to 180 meters.

Life Strategy: Ovoviparous with golden egg capsules, each of which has up to 3 embyos. Common near coast, on seagrass/sandy bottoms, near rocky reefs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume small fish and invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Depressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Trygonorrhina-fasciata.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Synanceia verrucosa - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 39

Common Name: Scientific Name: Synanceia verrucosa Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Scorpaeniformes

Family: Synanceiidae Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific (Australia – East Africa; especially Southeast Asia)

Life Strategy: Solitary. Venomous. Well-camouflaged during low tide. Found on sandy/rubble areas of reefflats.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume fishes and crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Globiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Ostraciiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Synanceia-verrucosa.html 44

Fish Species Identification Title : Hippocampus histrix - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 40

Common Name: Thorny Seahorse Scientific Name: Hippocampus histrix Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Syngnathiformes

Family: Syngnathidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, especially Southeastern Asia to Australia. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from the surface to 82 meters.

Life Strategy: Ovoviviparous; male carries eggs in a brood pouch. Large adults are pelagic and may be associated with drifting debris. Prefers clumps of algae, or seagrass beds.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes algae or zooplankton.

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Body Form or Style: Seahorse Swim / Locomotion Style:Anguilliform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Hippocampus-histrix.html 45

Fish Species Identification Title : Myripristis jacobus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 41

Common Name: Blackbar Soldierfish Scientific Name: Myripristis jacobus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Beryciformes

Family: Holocentridae

Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic (Caribbean/Gulf through Cape Verde.) Reef-associated. Depth ranges from the surface to 100 meters.

Life Strategy: Nocturnal; aggregates around coral reefs and deeper, rocky reefs. Occasionally swims upsidedown.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mostly planktonic organisms.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Myripristis-jacobus.html 46

Fish Species Identification Title : Ginglymostoma cirratum - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 42

Common Name: Nurse Shark Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Order: Orectolobiformes

Family: Ginglymostomatidae

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic Ocean, including Rhode Island to Brazil, and Cape Verde to Gabon. Reefassociated. Depth ranges from the surface to 130 meters.

Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Ovoviparous with 21-28 young per litter. Solitary and sluggish.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes bottom invertebrates, and smaller fish.

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Body Form or Style: Fusiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Ginglymostoma-cirratum.html 47

Fish Species Identification Title : Symphoricthys spilurus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 43

Common Name: Scientific Name: Symphorichthys spilurus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Lutjanidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Pacific, especially Southeast Asia to Australia. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 5 to 60 meters.

Life Strategy: Solitary; forms small schools when spawning.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Symphorichthys-spilurus.html 48

Fish Species Identification Title : Acanthurus achilles - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 44

Common Name: Scientific Name: Acanthurus achilles Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Acanthuridae

Geography / Habitat: Ranges from Oceania to Hawaii. (Western Pacific) Reef-associated. Depth ranges from the surface to 10 meters.

Life Strategy: Usually occurs in groups. Monogamous. May be venomous. Sometimes hybridizes with Acanthurus nigricans.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mainly benthic algae.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Acanthurus-achilles.html 49

Fish Species Identification Title : Hoplolatilus marcosi - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 45

Common Name: Scientific Name: Hoplolatilus marcosi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Malacanthidae

Geography / Habitat: West Central Pacific (Especially Southeastern Asia). Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 18 to 80 meters.

Life Strategy: Lives in very deep water, near drop-offs, and on sandy/rubble areas. Builds rubble mounts.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes zooplankton.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Hoplolatilus-marcosi.html 50

Fish Species Identification Title : Xanthichthys auromarginatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 46

Common Name: Gilded Triggerfish Scientific Name: Xanthichthys auromarginatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Tetraodontiformes

Family: Balistidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific (Especially Southeast Asia, but as far as East Africa and Hawaii.) Reefassociated. Depth ranges from 8 to 150 meters.

Life Strategy: Usually form small, loose groups. Current-prone. Occur in upper portion of current-swept, seaward ledges and drop-offs. Oviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume zooplankton, especially copepods.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Supraterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Xanthichthys-auromarginatus.html 51

Fish Species Identification Title : Choerodon fasciatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 47

Common Name: Harlequin Tuskfish Scientific Name: Choerodon fasciatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Labridae

Geography / Habitat: Western Pacific; ranges from Southeast Asia to Australia and New Caledonia. Reefassociated. Depth ranges from 5 to 35 meters.

Life Strategy: Oviparous; distinct pairing during breeding. Monogamous; solitary and territorial. Adults live on seaward reefs.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume mollusks, worms, crustaceans, and echinoderms.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Choerodon-fasciatus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Paracanthurus hepatus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 48

Common Name: Palette surgeonfish Scientific Name: Paracanthurus hepatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Acanthuridae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific; ranges from East Africa to Samoa, especially concentrated off Southeast Asia. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 2 to 40 meters.

Life Strategy: Aggregate loosly near bottom; hide among coral when alarmed. Venomous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume zooplankton and occasionally algae.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Paracanthurus-hepatus.html 53

Fish Species Identification Title : Siganus vulpinus - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 49

Common Name: Foxface Rabbitfish Scientific Name: Siganus vulpinus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Siganidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Pacific (Indonesia to Great Barrier Reef). Reef-associated. Depth ranges from the surface to 30 meters.

Life Strategy: Occurs singly or in pairs, although juveniles school occasionally. Capable of inflicting stings. Prefers coral-rich areas.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume algae, which grow on the dead bases of coral branches.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Siganus-vulpinus.html 54

Fish Species Identification Title : Dendrochirus zebra - Saltwater/Marine Fish

Species # 50

Common Name: Zebra Turkeyfish Scientific Name: Dendochirus zebra Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Scorpaeniformes

Family: Scorpaenidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-West Pacific, especially off coast of SE Asia, South to Australia. Reef-associated. Depth ranges from 3 to 80 meters.

Life Strategy: Usually remain shallow; found on coral, rock, or rubble bottoms of reef flats, or in outer to coastal reef habitats in caves and sheltered lagoons. Sometimes form small groups. Pelagic stages can travel great distances, to sub-tropical zones. Venomous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume smaller fish and invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Dendrochirus-zebra.html 55

Fish Species Identification

Freshwater Vertebrates Polypterus senegalus.................................................................................................................... 58 Polypterus ornatipinnis ................................................................................................................59 Erpetoichthys calabaricus ............................................................................................................60 Brochis splendens ........................................................................................................................ 61 Corydoras adolfoi ........................................................................................................................ 62 Corydoras aeneus ........................................................................................................................ 63 Corydoras haraldschultzi .............................................................................................................64 Baryancistrus xanthellus .............................................................................................................65 Hypancisrus zebra ....................................................................................................................... 66 Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus .................................................................................................... 67 Clarias batrachus ......................................................................................................................... 68 Acanthobunocephalus nicoi ........................................................................................................69 Platydoras armatulus ................................................................................................................... 70 Agamyxis pectinifrons .................................................................................................................71 Synodontis petricola..................................................................................................................... 72 Synodontis nigriventris ................................................................................................................73 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus...................................................................................................74 Pangasius sanitwongsei ...............................................................................................................75 Kryptopterus bicirrhis ..................................................................................................................76 Pimelodus pictus .......................................................................................................................... 77 Pseudoplatysoma tigrinum ...........................................................................................................78 Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi ................................................................................................. 79 Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma .................................................................................................... 80 Hemigrammus erythrozonus........................................................................................................81 Carnegiella strigata ..................................................................................................................... 82 Carnegiella marthae .................................................................................................................... 83 Nannostomus trifasciatus ............................................................................................................84 Abramites hypselonotus ...............................................................................................................85 Metynnis hypsauchen ..................................................................................................................86 Maylandia callainos..................................................................................................................... 87 Nimbochromis livingstonii ...........................................................................................................88 Pseudotropheus cyaneus ..............................................................................................................89 Cyathopharynx furcifer ...............................................................................................................90 Tropheus polli .............................................................................................................................. 91 Apistogramma agassizii ...............................................................................................................92 Thorichthys meeki ....................................................................................................................... 93 Pterophyllum leopoldi ..................................................................................................................94 Symphysodon aequifasciatus .......................................................................................................95 Astronotus ocellatus ..................................................................................................................... 96 Cichla orinocensis ....................................................................................................................... 97 Puntius nigrofasciatus .................................................................................................................98 Puntius titteya .............................................................................................................................. 99 Cyprinus carpio .......................................................................................................................... 100 56

Fish Species Identification Pimephales promelas .................................................................................................................. 101 Danio rerio.................................................................................................................................. 102 Epalzeorhynchos frenatum ......................................................................................................... 103 Nothobranchius rachovii ............................................................................................................ 104 Colisa lalia .................................................................................................................................. 105 Betta splendens ........................................................................................................................... 106 Apteronotus albifrons ................................................................................................................. 107

Fish Species Identification Title : Polypterus senegalus – Freshwater Fish

Species # 51

Common Name: Gray bichir Scientific Name: Polypterus senegalus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Polypteriformes

Family: Polypteridae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Nile Basin/West Africa/Lake Chad/Niger)

Life Strategy: Larval fish reside in papyrus root mat; juveniles found in water hyacinth. Surfaces during hot hours; goes to bottom when disturbed.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes crustaceans, insects, fishes, and frogs, as well as plant seeds and fragments.

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Body Form or Style: Taeniform Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Polypterus-senegalus+senegalus.html 58

Fish Species Identification Title : Polypterus ornatipinnis - Freshwater Fish

Species # 52

Common Name: Ornate bichir Scientific Name: Polypterus ornatipinnis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Polypteriformes

Family: Polypteridae

Geography / Habitat: Congo River Basin, Lake Rukwa, Lake Tanganyika

Life Strategy: Hunts at night. Solitary. Prefers calm waters.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes worms and insect larvae as juvenile; as adult consumes mainly fish.

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Body Form or Style: Taeniform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Polypterus-ornatipinnis.html 59

Fish Species Identification Title : Erpetoichthys calabaricus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 53

Common Name: Reedfish Scientific Name: Erpetoichthys calabaricus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Polypteriformes

Family: Polypteridae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Ogun River, Chiloango River [Nigeria, Congo])

Life Strategy: Larvae have external gills. Able to breathe air. Found in standing water and slow-flowing rivers.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes worms, crustaceans, and insects.

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Body Form or Style: Anguilliform Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Erpetoichthys-calabaricus.html 60

Fish Species Identification Title : Brochis splendens - Freshwater Fish

Species # 54

Common Name: Emerald catfish Scientific Name: Brochis splendens Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Callichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: Amazon River Basin

Life Strategy: Lives in shallow, muddy, sluggish waters with dense vegetation.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes worms, insect larvae, and small crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Brochis-splendens.html 61

Fish Species Identification Title : Corydoras adolfoi - Freshwater Fish

Species # 55

Common Name: Adolf’s catfish Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Callichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Negro River Basin).

Life Strategy: Oviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small invertebrates.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Corydoras-adolfoi.html 62

Fish Species Identification Title : Corydoras aeneus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 56

Common Name: Bronze Corydoras Scientific Name: Corydoras aeneus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Callichthyidae Geography / Habitat: South America (Trinidad/Columbia  La Plata R. Basin E. of Andes)

Life Strategy: Benthic. Schools between 20 and 30 individuals. Nocturnal. Can breathe air intestinally. Spawning occurs when rainy season begins.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes insects, crustaceans, worms, and plant matter.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Corydoras-aeneus.html 63

Fish Species Identification Title : Corydoras haraldschultzi - Freshwater Fish

Species # 57

Common Name: Mosaic Corydoras Scientific Name: Corydoras haraldschultzi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Callichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Bolivia/Brazil)

Life Strategy: Oviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small crustaceans and worms.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Corydoras-haraldschultzi.html 64

Fish Species Identification Title : Baryancistrus xanthellus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 58

Common Name: N/A (Discovered 2011) Scientific Name: Baryancistrus xanthellus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Loricariidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Volta Grande do rio Xingu; rio Inri [Brazil]).

Life Strategy: Juveniles group together under flat rocks within shallow, rapid stretches. Adults reside in large spaces among/under submerged boulders.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on mostly algae, and sometimes chironomid larvae, and bryozoans. This feeding data is based on three specimens, so may not be completely correct.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Unknown for certain (new species). Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Baryancistrus-xanthellus.html 65

Fish Species Identification Title : Hypancisrus zebra - Freshwater Fish

Species # 59

Common Name: Zebra Pleco Scientific Name: Hypancisrus zebra Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Loricariidae

Geography / Habitat: Xingu River Basin (Brazil).

Life Strategy: Males guard eggs after spawning. Nocturnal, somewhat territorial.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes algae.

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Hypancistrus-zebra.html 66

Fish Species Identification Title : Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 60

Common Name: Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Scientific Name: Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Loricariidae

Geography / Habitat: Originated Orinoco River Basin, South America, and reported from Argentina. Have established in Taiwan, United States, and Hawaii.

Life Strategy: Nocturnal, spawn once yearly. Dig burrows for egg-laying; males may help care for eggs. Benthic. Prefer lakes, streams, and mud-bottomed, weedy canals.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mostly algae, and also insect larvae, worms, and other bottom-dwelling aquatic animals.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pterygoplichthys-multiradiatus.html 67

Fish Species Identification Title : Clarias batrachus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 61

Common Name: Philippine/Walking catfish Scientific Name: Clarias batrachus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Clariidae

Geography / Habitat: Originated from Java, Indonesia. Has been introduced elsewhere, to adverse ecological impact as reported by several countries.

Life Strategy: Can live out of water and move short distances over land to other water bodies using auxiliary breathing organs. Inhabit lowland swamps, streams, ponds, ditches, pools, and rice paddies left after floods; usually confined to muddy, stagnant water, including sluggish-flowing canals.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes earthworms, insect larvae, shrimps, shells, aquatic plants, small fish, and debris.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Clarias-batrachus.html 68

Fish Species Identification Title : Acanthobunocephalus nicoi - Freshwater Fish

Species # 62

Common Name: N/A – Not common enough to have a recognized common name Scientific Name: Acanthobunocephalus nicoi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Aspredinidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Upper Orinoco River Basin)

Life Strategy: Prefers edges of tannin-stained (black) or clear rivers in flooded plants, especially sedges and grasses.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes shrimps, fishes, et cetera.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Acanthobunocephalus-nicoi.html 69

Fish Species Identification Title : Platydoras armatulus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 63

Common Name: Southern Striped Raphael Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Doradidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Panara River Basin).

Life Strategy: Lives in subtropical climates. Demersal.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes shrimps and other small invertebrates.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Platydoras-armatulus.html 70

Fish Species Identification Title : Agamyxis pectinifrons - Freshwater Fish

Species # 64

Common Name: Whitebarred Catfish Scientific Name: Agamyxis pectinifrons Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Doradidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon R. Basin)

Life Strategy: Unstudied; Freshwater and demersal.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes shrimps and other small invertebrates.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Agamyxis-pectinifrons.html 71

Fish Species Identification Title : Synodontis petricola - Freshwater Fish

Species # 65

Common Name: Cuckoo Catfish Scientific Name: Synodontis petricola Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Mochokidae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Lake Tanganyika)

Life Strategy: Oviparous. Prefers rocks in lakes. Benthopelagic.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes shrimps and other small invertebrates.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Synodontis-petricola.html 72

Fish Species Identification Title : Synodontis nigriventris - Freshwater Fish

Species # 66

Common Name: Blotched Upside-Down Catfish Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Mochokidae

Geography / Habitat: Middle Congo river basin (Africa).

Life Strategy: Oviparous. Prefers groups of 5+ individuals. Tend to swim upside-down.

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds nocturnally on insects, plant matter, and crustaceans.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Synodontis-nigriventris.html 73

Fish Species Identification Title : Pangasianodon hypophthalmus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 67

Common Name: Striped Catfish Scientific Name: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Pangasiidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Mekong, Maeklong, and Chao Phraya basins, as well as additional basins where it was introduced for aquaculture.)

Life Strategy: Migratory for purpose of spawning and dispersal.

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous (Consumes fish, crustaceans, vegetable debris.)

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pangasianodon-hypophthalmus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Pangasius sanitwongsei - Freshwater Fish

Species # 68

Common Name: Giant Pangasius Scientific Name: Pangasius sanitwongsei Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Pangasiidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Mekong and Chao Phraya basins).

Life Strategy: Migratory. Inhabits large rivers, although juveniles also inhabit large tributaries. Spawn just prior to the rainy season.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume fishes and crustaceans; larger individuals also consume fowl or dog carcasses.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pangasius-sanitwongsei.html 75

Fish Species Identification Title : Kryptopterus bicirrhis - Freshwater Fish

Species # 69

Common Name: Glass Catfish Scientific Name: Kryptopterus bicirrhis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Siluridae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Chao Phraya and Mekong basins; Sumatra, Borneo, Malay Peninsula).

Life Strategy: Prefers large, turbid rivers with fast-flowing water, though it also can enter flooded fields and lowland streams. Schools in groups of up to 100 fish.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small fishes, pelagic hemipterans, crustaceans, worms, and insects.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.us/summary/Kryptopterus-bicirrhis.html 76

Fish Species Identification Title : Pimelodus pictus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 70

Common Name: Pictus Cat Scientific Name: Pimelodus pictus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Pimelodidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Orinoco and Amazon basins)

Life Strategy: Mildly venomous (dorsal spine). Active swimmers. Nocturnal. Generally non-aggressive.

Food / Feed Strategy: Bottom-feed at night on insects, plants, worms, and small fishes.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Pimelodus&speciesname=pictus 77

Fish Species Identification Title : Pseudoplatysoma tigrinum - Freshwater Fish

Species # 71

Common Name: Tiger Sorubim Scientific Name: Pseudoplatysoma tigrinum Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Pimelodidae Geography / Habitat: South America (Orinoco and Amazon Basins) – In estuarine zones.

Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Juveliles tend to live in flooded forests, while adults tend to live in main beds of both slow and fast zones. Migrate at the end of the dry season, along with their prey. Return at the end of the rainy season.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume fish, and occasionally crabs or shrimps.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=8695&genusname=Pseudoplatystoma&speciesn ame=tigrinum 78

Fish Species Identification Title : Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi - Freshwater Fish

Species # 72

Common Name: Black Neon Tetra Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Paraguay River Basin).

Life Strategy: Spawns in open water. Eggs hatch in 24-30 hours. Tends to prefer groups of 5 or more individuals. Swims near surface.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small crustaceans, worms, and plant matter.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Hyphessobrycon&speciesname=h erbertaxelrodi 79

Fish Species Identification Title : Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma - Freshwater Fish

Species # 73

Common Name: Bleeding Heart Tetra Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Upper Amazon Basin)

Life Strategy: Prefers groups of 5-6 or more individuals. Oviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume crustaceans, plants, and worms.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Hyphessobrycon-erythrostigma.html 80

Fish Species Identification Title : Hemigrammus erythrozonus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 74

Common Name: Glowlight Tetra Scientific Name: Hemigrammus erythrozonus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Essequibo R). Benthopelagic.

Life Strategy: Oviparous. Prefers groups of 5+ individuals.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes plants, worms, and small crustaceans.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Hemigrammus-erythrozonus.html 81

Fish Species Identification Title : Carnegiella strigata - Freshwater Fish

Species # 75

Common Name: Marbled Hatchetfish Scientific Name: Carnegiella strigata Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Gasteropelecidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon R. Basin [Brazil], Caqueta River [Colombia])

Life Strategy: Tends to form groups of 5+; egg-scattering

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume insects and crustaceans.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Carnegiella-strigata.html 82

Fish Species Identification Title : Carnegiella marthae - Freshwater Fish

Species # 76

Common Name: Blackwing Hatchetfish Scientific Name: Carnegiella marthae Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Gasteropelecidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Negro and Orinoco basins)

Life Strategy: Form small groups; reside near surface. Can jump out of the water to catch insects.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes insects and some crustaceans.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Supraterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Carnegiella-marthae.html 83

Fish Species Identification Title : Nannostomus trifasciatus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 77

Common Name: Threestripe Pencilfish Scientific Name: Nannostomus trifasciatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Lebiasinidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon, Guyana, Negro basins)

Life Strategy: Changes coloration at night. Has little sexual dimorphism compared to other members of the Nannostomus genus.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes worms, insects, and crustaceans

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Nannostomus-trifasciatus.html 84

Fish Species Identification Title : Abramites hypselonotus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 78

Common Name: Marbled Headstander Scientific Name: Abramites hypselonotus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Anostomidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Paraná, Paraguay, Orinoco, and Amazon basins)

Life Strategy: Generally peaceful. As adults, prefer to be either single or in groups of 7+.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes plant matter, crustaceans, worms, and insects.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Abramites-hypselonotus.html 85

Fish Species Identification Title : Metynnis hypsauchen - Freshwater Fish

Species # 79

Common Name: Silver Dollar Scientific Name: Metynnis hypsauchen Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon, Guiana Shield, Paraguay rivers/basins)

Life Strategy: May bite strongly. Egg-scattering. Schooling.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume plants, insects, and worms.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Metynnis-hypsauchen.html 86

Fish Species Identification Title : Maylandia callainos - Freshwater Fish

Species # 80

Common Name: N/A Scientific Name: Maylandia callainos Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Malawi/Lake Malawi; Nkhata bay; has also been introduced to Namalenje, Thumbi West, and Likoma islands).

Life Strategy: Oviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes insects and small crustaceans.

  

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal 87



Fish Species Identification Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Maylandia-callainos.html

Title : Nimbochromis livingstonii - Freshwater Fish

Species # 81

Common Name: N/A Scientific Name: Nimbochromis livingstonii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Lakes Malombe and Malawi; Upper Shire River)

Life Strategy: Prefers both muddy, soft bottoms and rocky environments. Can ‘play dead’ in order to allow prey to get close. Territorial and solitary.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume fish.

Fish Species Identification

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Nimbochromis-livingstonii.html

Title : Pseudotropheus cyaneus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 82

Common Name: Cyan Hap Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus cyaneus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Chinyamwezi Island). [Freshwater].

Life Strategy: Prefers small rocks.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes algae and plankton. 89

Fish Species Identification

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pseudotropheus-cyaneus.html

Title : Cyathopharynx furcifer - Freshwater Fish

Species # 83

Common Name: Featherfin Cichlid Scientific Name: Cyathopharynx furcifer Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Lake Tanganyika

Life Strategy: Drifting; prefer rocky slopes; females brood young orally.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume plankton and some algae.

Fish Species Identification

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Cyathopharynx-furcifer.html

Title : Tropheus polli - Freshwater Fish

Species # 84

Common Name: N/A Scientific Name: Tropheus polli Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Lake Tanganyika (Africa) near Bulu Point.

Life Strategy: Many females per male; prefers rocky bottoms.

Fish Species Identification Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes rock biocover (algae, plant matter).

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Tropheus-polli.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Apistogramma agassizii - Freshwater Fish

Species # 85

Common Name: Agassiz’s Dwarf Cichlid Scientific Name: Apistogramma agassizii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon R. Basin, Amazon-Solimões R., Capim R.)

Life Strategy: Prefer clear, white, and black water. Haremic. Deposit eggs on ceilings of caves; females tend them.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume small crustaceans, plant matter, et cetera.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Apistogramma-agassizii.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Thorichthys meeki - Freshwater Fish

Species # 86

Common Name: Firemouth Cichlid Scientific Name: Thorichthys meeki Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: Central America (Atlantic slope; Usumacinta R., Belize R., Progreso) Freshwater, benthopelagic

Life Strategy: Prefers middle/lower rivers (slow-moving water), incl. sand-bottomed, mud-bottomed, and rocky ponds and canals. Prefers shoreline vegetation for protection.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes mainly algae, but omnivorous.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Thorichthys-meeki.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Pterophyllum leopoldi - Freshwater Fish

Species # 87

Common Name: Teardrop Angelfish Scientific Name: Pterophyllum leopoldi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon, Solimões-Amazon River, Rupununi River)

Life Strategy: Inhabits rivers, preferring muddy bottoms.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small crustaceans, insects, and plant matter.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pterophyllum-leopoldi.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Symphysodon aequifasciatus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 88

Common Name: Blue Discus Scientific Name: Symphysodon aequifasciatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon R. Basin, esp. Solimões-Amazon and Tocantins Rivers)

Life Strategy: Prefers rocky, deep areas in crevices or among roots. Schools, but territorial during breeding.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes insects, insect larvae, and plankton.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Symphysodon-aequifasciatus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Astronotus ocellatus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 89

Common Name: Oscar Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Amazon R. basin)

Life Strategy: Prefers quiet, shallow, sand-bottomed and mud-bottomed canals/ponds. Grows slowly.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes small fish, worms, crayfish, and insect larvae.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Astronotus-ocellatus.html

Fish Species Identification Title : Cichla orinocensis - Freshwater Fish

Species # 90

Common Name: Orinoco Peacock Bass Scientific Name: Cichla orinocensis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Orinoco R. Basin, Amazon and Negro basins)

Life Strategy: Prefers slow-moving rivers and lagoons.

Food / Feed Strategy: Mainly consumes small, characiform fish.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Subterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Cichla-orinocensis.html 98

Fish Species Identification Title : Puntius nigrofasciatus - Freshwater Fish

Species # 91

Common Name: Black Ruby Barb Scientific Name: Puntius nigrofasciatus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Forest streams from Kelani and Nilwala basins in Sri Lanka, in hilly areas.) Introduced to Mahaweli, Ginigathena, Sri Lanka.

Life Strategy: Prefers cool, clear, shady streams in forested areas, with sand or gravel substrate. Also found in pools of quiet water near clear streams/rivers. Spawns among marginal weeds, in shallow water. Oviparous. Prefers groups of 5+ individuals.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes filamentous algae and detritus.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Puntius-nigrofasciatus.html 99

Fish Species Identification

Title : Puntius titteya - Freshwater Fish

Species # 92

Common Name: Cherry Barb Scientific Name: Puntius titteya Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Nilwala and Kelani basins, Sri Lanka).

Life Strategy: Prefers heavily shaded rivulets and streams, with slow-flowing, shallow water containing silt substrate and leaf debris. Egg-scattering.

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous. Consume detritus, dipterans, algae, diatoms, and animal matter.

100

Fish Species Identification

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Puntius-titteya.html

Title : Cyprinus carpio - Freshwater Fish

Species # 93

Common Name: Common Carp Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Europe and Asia (Black, Caspain, Aral Sea basins). Introduced worldwide.

Life Strategy: Prefer warm, slow-flowing or still, deep waters, including rivers and lakes. Generally prefer large bodies of water with soft bottom sediments, but also thrive in large, turbid rivers. Most active at twilight. Spawn in backwaters or near shores. May migrate considerably. Larvae can only survive in very warm water with submerged vegetation.

101

Fish Species Identification Food / Feed Strategy: Consume benthic organisms and plant material.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Cyprinus-carpio.html

102

Fish Species Identification Title : Pimephales promelas - Freshwater Fish

Species # 94

Common Name: Fathead Minnow Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: North America (Quebec to Northwest Territories to Alabama to New Mexico.) Adverse ecological impact reported after introduction to some countries.

Life Strategy: Prefers muddy pools in small rivers, headwaters, creeks, and ponds, as well as lakes. Tolerates turbid, poorly oxygenated, hot, and intermittent streams, which are unsuitable for most fishes. Spawns along shores, in still water. Introduction has caused the spread of red-mouth disease among wild/cultured trouts and eels in Northern Europe.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes algae and detritus.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pimephales-promelas.html

103

Fish Species Identification Title : Danio rerio - Freshwater Fish

Species # 95

Common Name: Zebra Danio Scientific Name: Danio rerio Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Pakistan, Nepal, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh).

Life Strategy: Prefer streams, canals, beels, ponds, and ditches. Occur in rice fields, lower reaches of streams, and other slow-moving or stagnant water bodies. Breed year-round. Spawning commences at the onset of monsoon season.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume worms, insect larvae (such as mosquito larvae), and small crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Danio-rerio.html 104

Fish Species Identification Title : Epalzeorhynchos frenatum - Freshwater Fish

Species # 96

Common Name: Rainbow Shark-Minnow Scientific Name: Epalzeorhynchos frenatum Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Chao Phraya, Mekong, Xe Bangfai, and Maeklong basins).

Life Strategy: Prefers sandy substrate, in streams and rivers. Migrates into seasonally flooded regions.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes periphyton, phytoplankton, algae, and some zooplankton.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Epalzeorhynchos-frenatus.html 105

Fish Species Identification Title : Nothobranchius rachovii - Freshwater Fish

Species # 97

Common Name: Bluefin Notho Scientific Name: Nothobranchius rachovii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cyprinodontiformes

Family: Aplocheilidae

Geography / Habitat: Africa (Mozambique, South Africa, Kruger National Park, Beria)

Life Strategy: Prefers temporary swamps and pools in the drainage systems of rivers. Spawns on bottom.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes algae.

   

Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform Mouth Position: Supraterminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Nothobranchius-rachovii.html 106

Fish Species Identification Title : Colisa lalia - Freshwater Fish

Species # 98

Common Name: Dwarf Gourami Scientific Name: Colisa lalia Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Osphronemidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India)

Life Strategy: Prefers slow-moving rivulets, lakes, and streams, with plenty of vegetation. Oviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume algae, worms, shrimps, and small crustaceans.

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Trichogaster-lalius.html 107

Fish Species Identification Title : Betta splendens - Freshwater Fish

Species # 99

Common Name: Siamese Fighting Fish Scientific Name: Betta splendens Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Osphronemidae

Geography / Habitat: Asia (Mekong Basin)

Life Strategy: Prefer standing waters of rice paddies, medium-to-large rivers, floodplains, and canals. Breathes air, and builds bubble nests. Males fight each other. Haremic.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consume insect larvae and zooplankton.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Betta-splendens.html 108

Fish Species Identification Title : Apteronotus albifrons - Freshwater Fish

Species # 100

Common Name: Black Ghost Scientific Name: Apteronotus albifrons Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Gymnotiformes

Family: Apteronotidae

Geography / Habitat: South America (Venezula, Paraguay, Paranà rivers, Amazon basin.)

Life Strategy: Prefers rapidly-flowing, sandy-bottomed creeks. Nocturnal. Posesses a neurogenic, weaklydischarging electric organ, and electroreceptors that are distributed from head to tail.

Food / Feed Strategy: Consumes insect larvae.

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Body Form or Style: Compressiform Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform Mouth Position: Terminal Citation: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Apteronotus-albifrons.html 109

Fish Species Identification

Marine Invertebrates Callyspongia vaginalis ................................................................................................................ 111 Haliclona compressa................................................................................................................... 112 Heteractis magnifica ................................................................................................................... 113 Stichodactyla mertensii ............................................................................................................... 114 Trachyphyllia geoffroyi............................................................................................................... 115 Mithraculus sculptus .................................................................................................................. 116 Percnon gibbesi .......................................................................................................................... 117 Allogalathea elegans ................................................................................................................... 118 Panulirus versicolor .................................................................................................................... 119 Hymenocera elegans ................................................................................................................... 120 Periclimenes yucatanicus............................................................................................................ 121 Hippopus porcellanus ................................................................................................................. 122 Tridacna derasa .......................................................................................................................... 123 Eustrombus gigas ....................................................................................................................... 124 Octopus vulgaris ......................................................................................................................... 125 Culcita novaeguinea ................................................................................................................... 126 Linckia multifora ........................................................................................................................ 127 Eucidaris tribuloides ................................................................................................................... 128

110

Fish Species Identification Title : Callyspongia vaginalis - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 101

Common Name: Scientific Name: Callyspongia vaginalis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Porifera

Class: Demospongiae

Order: Haplosclerida

Family: Callyspongiidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation:

111

Fish Species Identification Title : Haliclona compressa - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 102

Common Name: Scientific Name: Haliclona compressa Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Porifera

Class: Demospongiae

Order: Haplosclerida

Family: Chalinidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

Food / Feed Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 112

Fish Species Identification Title : Heteractis magnifica - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 103

Common Name: Scientific Name: Heteractis magnifica Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Actiniaria

Family: Stichodactylidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 113

Fish Species Identification Title : Stichodactyla mertensii - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 104

Common Name: Scientific Name: Stichodactyla mertensii Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Hexacorallia

Family: Stichodactylidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 114

Fish Species Identification Title : Trachyphyllia geoffroyi - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 105

Common Name: Scientific Name: Trachyphyllia geoffroyi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Scleractinia

Family: Trachyphylliidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 115

Fish Species Identification Title : Mithraculus sculptus - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 106

Common Name: Scientific Name: Mithraculus sculptus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Majidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 116

Fish Species Identification Title : Percnon gibbesi - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 107

Common Name: Scientific Name: Percnon gibbesi Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthopoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Plagusiidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 117

Fish Species Identification Title : Allogalathea elegans - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 108

Common Name: Scientific Name: Allogalathea elegans Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthopoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Galatheidae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 118

Fish Species Identification Title : Panulirus versicolor - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 109

Common Name: Scientific Name: Panulirus versicolor Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Arthropoda

Order: Malacostraca

Family: Palinuridae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 119

Fish Species Identification Title : Hymenocera elegans - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 110

Common Name: Scientific Name: Hymenocera elegans Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Hymenoceridae

Geography / Habitat:

Life Strategy:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 120

Fish Species Identification Title : Periclimenes yucatanicus - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 111

Common Name: Scientific Name: Perciclimenes yucatanicus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Palaemonidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 121

Fish Species Identification Title : Hippopus porcellanus - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 112

Common Name: Scientific Name: Hippopus porcellanus Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Veneroida

Family: Tridacnidae

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 122

Fish Species Identification Title : Tridacna derasa - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 113

Common Name: Scientific Name: Tridacna derasa Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Veneroida

Family: Tridacnidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 123

Fish Species Identification Title : Eustrombus gigas - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 114

Common Name: Scientific Name: Eustrombus gigas Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Hypsogastopoda

Family: Strombidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 124

Fish Species Identification Title : Octopus vulgaris - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 115

Common Name: Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda

Order: Octopoda

Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 125

Fish Species Identification Title : Culcita novaeguinea - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 116

Common Name: Scientific Name: Culcita novaeguinea Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Order: Valvatida

Family: Oreasteridae

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 126

Fish Species Identification Title : Linckia multifora - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 117

Common Name: Scientific Name: Linckia multifora Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Order: Valvatida

Family: Ophidiasteridae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 127

Fish Species Identification Title : Eucidaris tribuloides - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 118

Common Name: Scientific Name: Eucidaris tribuloides Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

Order: Cidaroida

Family: Cidaridae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 128

Fish Species Identification Title : - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 119

Common Name: Scientific Name: Kingdom:

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Class:

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Family:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation:

129

Fish Species Identification Title : - Saltwater/Marine Invertebrate

Species # 120

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation:

130

Fish Species Identification

Freshwater Invertebrates Caridina gracilirostris ................................................................................................................. 132 Triops cancriformis .................................................................................................................... 133 Cherax destructor ....................................................................................................................... 134 Triops australiensis ..................................................................................................................... 135 Pomacea canaliculata ................................................................................................................. 136

131

Fish Species Identification Title : Caridina gracilirostris - Freshwater Invertebrate

Species # 121

Common Name: Scientific Name: Cardinia gracilirostris Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Atyidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 132

Fish Species Identification Title : Triops cancriformis - Freshwater Invertebrate

Species # 122

Common Name: Scientific Name: Triops cancriformis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Branchiopoda

Order: Notostraca

Family: Triopsidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 133

Fish Species Identification Title : Cherax destructor - Freshwater Invertebrate

Species # 123

Common Name: Scientific Name: Cherax destructor Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arhropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Parastacidae

Geography / Habitat:

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 134

Fish Species Identification Title : Triops australiensis - Freshwater Invertebrate

Species # 124

Common Name: Scientific Name: Triops australiensis Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Branchiopoda

Order: Notostraca

Family: Triopsidae

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 135

Fish Species Identification Title : Pomacea canaliculata - Freshwater Invertebrate

Species # 125

Common Name: Scientific Name: Pomacea canaliculata Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Caenogastropoda

Family: Ampullariidae

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Body Form or Style: Swim / Locomotion Style: Mouth Position: Citation: 136

Fish Species Identification

Fin

137