Adhrb apart in their own land web

Apart in Their Own Land GOVE R N M ENT D I S C R I M I N AT I ON AGAI NST S H I A I N BA H R A I N

VOLUM E I Violence, Political Disclusion, and Attacks on the Shia Religious Establishment

Apart in Their Own Land GOVE R N M ENT D I S C R I M I N AT I ON AGAI NST S HI A I N BA H R A I N

VOLUM E I Violence, Political Disclusion, and Attacks on the Shia Religious Establishment

February 2015

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Table of Contents 'PSFXPSE .FUIPEPMPHZ 5 *OUSPEVDUJPO 7JPMFODF "HBJOTU 4IJB 8 &YDFTTJWF 'PSDF BHBJOTU 1FBDFGVM 1SPUFTUT 8 &YDFTTJWF 'PSDF JO #BISBJOJ 1SJTPOT 11 %FOJBM PG "DDFTT UP .FEJDJOF BOE "UUBDLT PO )FBMUIDBSF 8PSLFST $PODMVTJPO 1PMJUJDBM %JTDSJNJOBUJPO ͳF (PWFSONFOU T &YDMVTJPOBSZ 4USVDUVSF "TZNNFUSJD %JTUSJDUJOH 17 %FNPHSBQIJD .BOJQVMBUJPO -FHBMJTUJD $PFSDJPO BOE 4UBUF 7JPMFODF 19 $PODMVTJPO 22 3FMJHJPVT %JTDSJNJOBUJPO 7JPMFODF BHBJOTU 4IJB $MFSHZ BOE 3FMJHJPVT .FNCFST ͳF %FTUSVDUJPO PG .PTRVFT BOE 0UIFS 3FMJHJPVT 4JUFT -FHBM "DUJPOT &EVDBUJPO BOE 4DIPPM $VSSJDVMB 27 $PODMVTJPO 28 $PODMVTJPO 29 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT

APART in Their OWN LAND

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FOREWORD *O #BISBJO JU T OPU VODPNNPO UP IFBS UBML PG UIF HPWFSONFOU QFSQFUVBUJOH B i4IJB HFOPDJEFw BHBJOTU JUT QFPQMF 4VDI TUBUFNFOUT BSF FJUIFS QPMJUJDBM IZQFSCPMF PS HSPTTMZ NJTJOGPSNFE BMUIPVHI UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT DPNNJUUFE FYUSBKVEJDJBM LJMMJOHT o MBSHFMZ BHBJOTU 4IJB o JO UIF QBTU HPWFSONFOU WJPMFODF IBT OFWFS BQQSPBDIFE UIBU XIJDI PDDVSSFE JO 3XBOEB PS 4SFCSFOJDB :FU UIF GBDU UIBU UIF 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO JO #BISBJO TQFBL JO TVDI UFSNT EFOPUFT UIBU UIF NPTU TVCTUBOUJBM TXBUI PG UIF #BISBJOJ QPQVMBUJPO GFFMT MJLF JUT PXO DPVOUSZ DPOTJEFST JU UIF FOFNZ ͳBU GFFMJOH BQQFBST UP CF BDDVSBUF *U T CFFO PWFS ZFBST TJODF UIF NBKPSJUZ QPQVMBUJPO PG #BISBJO FĉFDUJWFMZ SVMFE JUTFMG BOE EJTDSJNJOBUPSZ QPMJDJFT BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB IBWF MBSHFMZ CFFO UIF IBMMNBSL PG UIF BM ,IBMJGB EZOBTUZ TJODF JU DPORVFSFE UIF JTMBOE OBUJPO JO UIF MBUF T *O UIF T JU BQQFBSFE UIBU UIF HPWFSONFOU NJHIU UVSO B OFX MFBG XIFO UIFO &NJS )BNBE BOOPVODFE B SFUVSO UP B DPOTUJUVUJPOBM NPOBSDIZ ͳF UFO ZFBST UIBU GPMMPXFE XFSF QFSIBQT UIF MFBTU WJPMFOU JO SFDFOU #BISBJOJ IJTUPSZ BT UIF HPWFSONFOU DVSUBJMFE JUT VTF PG BSCJUSBSZ BSSFTU BOE UPSUVSF BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB PQQPTJUJPO "T UIF QPMJUJDBM TJUVBUJPO TUZNJFE PWFS UIF OFYU EFDBEF IPXFWFS UFOTJPOT SPTF XJUIJO B 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO QSPNJTFE CVU OFWFS SFDFJWJOH B TVCTUBOUJBM WPJDF JO UIF HPWFSONFOU ͳFTF GFFMJOHT DVMNJOBUFE JO UIF QSPUFTU NPWFNFOU JO 'FCSVBSZ XIJDI XIJMF OPU FYDMVTJWFMZ NBOOFE CZ 4IJB TJHOJmDBOUMZ GFE Pĉ PG 4IJB SFTFOUNFOU ͳF BM ,IBMJGB EZOBTUZ SFTQPOEFE UP UIF QSPUFTUT CZ HPJOH CBDL UP JUT PME CBH PG USJDLT 8IJMF UIF FBSMZ T XFSF NBSLFE CZ HPWFSONFOU SFTUSBJOU JO BU MFBTU JUT TFDVSJUZ QPMJDJFT UPXBSET UIF 4IJB UIF QFSJPE BGUFS IBT TFFO BOZUIJOH CVU BOE BMMFHBUJPOT DPNNPOMZ BSJTF UIBU UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT BSSFTUFE BOE EFUBJOFE QPMJUJDBM MFBEFST UFBS HBTTFE 4IJB WJMMBHFT BOE UPSUVSFE 4IJB ZPVUI *O UIF HPWFSONFOU XFOU TP GBS BT UP EJTNJTT TFWFSBM UIPVTBOE 4IJB GSPN UIFJS KPCT BOE FWFO CVMMEP[FE 4IJB SFMJHJPVT TUSVDUVSFT JODMVEJOH TPNF NPTRVFT 4IJB SFNBJO BMNPTU XIPMMZ PVUTJEF UIF EFDJTJPO NBLJOH BOE MFHJTMBUJPO BVUIPSJOH TFDUJPOT PG UIF HPWFSONFOU BOE BSF CBSFMZ SFQSFTFOUFE JO HPWFSONFOU FNFSHFODZ TFDUPS QFSTPOOFM JODMVEJOH UIF HPWFSONFOU TFDVSJUZ GPSDFT BOE NJMJUBSZ i4IJB HFOPDJEFw JT B NJTDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG UIF TJUVBUJPO JO #BISBJO 4IJB BSF OPU LJMMFE XIPMFTBMF BOE UIFSF BSF OP DPODFOUSBUJPO DBNQT JO UIF DPVOUSZ )PXFWFS 4IJB BSF LFQU TFQBSBUF GSPN UIF QPMJUJDBM TUSVDUVSF BOE PGUFO GPSDFE UP MJWF JO TNBMM WJMMBHFT BSF SPVUJOFMZ UBSHFUFE CZ TFDVSJUZ GPSDFT GPS BSCJUSBSZ EFUFOUJPO BOE UPSUVSF BSF mSFE GPS FYQSFTTJOH UIFJS QPMJUJDBM WJFXT BSF BSCJUSBSJMZ SFOEFSFE TUBUFMFTT CZ #BISBJOJ DPVSUT BOE IBWF TFFO UIFJS QMBDFT PG XPSTIJQ EFTUSPZFE BT QBSU PG B HPWFSONFOU TQPOTPSFE DBNQBJHO PG WJPMFODF BOE JOUJNJEBUJPO 8FSF UIF 4IJB DPOTJEFSFE B SBDF JOTUFBE PG B SFMJHJPVT TFDU UIFJS TJUVBUJPO XPVME BMNPTU FYBDUMZ mU UIF EFmOJUJPO PG BQBSUIFJE QSPNVMHBUFE CZ UIF DPOWFOUJPO PO UIF TVCKFDU XIJMF i4IJB HFOPDJEFw JT QPMJUJDBM IZQFSCPMF i4IJB BQBSUIFJEw JT DMPTFS UP UIF USVUI UIBO UIF #BISBJOJ HPWFSONFOU XPVME XBOU UP BENJU ͳF GPMMPXJOH SFQPSU DPODMVTJWFMZ TIPXT UIBU UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT IJTUPSJDBMMZ BOE JT TUJMM DBSSZJOH PVU B TZTUFNBUJD QPMJDZ PG EJTDSJNJOBUJPO BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB PG #BISBJO *U QSFTFOUT JUTFMG JO UXP WPMVNFT UIJT mSTU WPMVNF GPDVTFT PO TUBUF WJPMFODF BHBJOTU 4IJB BDUPST UIF EJTDMVTJPO PG 4IJB GSPN UIF QPMJUJDBM QSPDFTT BOE HPWFSONFOU EJTDSJNJOBUPSZ BDUT BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB SFMJHJPVT FTUBCMJTINFOU JUTFMG #Z DBSSZJOH PVU BDUT PG WJPMFODF BHBJOTU 4IJB QSPUFTUFST LFFQJOH 4IJB SFNPWFE GSPN BDUVBM QPMJUJDBM QPXFS BOE EJSFDUMZ UBSHFUJOH UIF 4IJB SFMJHJPVT FTUBCMJTINFOU UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT TVDDFFEFE JO OPU POMZ TVCKVHBUJOH PWFS IBMG PG JUT QPQVMBUJPO CVU BMTP JO NPUJWBUJOH GSJOHF FMFNFOUT PG 4IJB TPDJFUZ JOUP WJPMFODF UIFSFCZ KVTUJGZJOH B TFMG BVUIPSFE TFDUBSJBO OBSSBUJWF *O PSEFS GPS #BISBJO UP SFWFSTF DPVSTF BOE SFTUBCJMJ[F UIF HPWFSONFOU XJMM OFFE UP GVMMZ SF FYBNJOF JUT QPMJDJFT SFHBSEJOH UIF 4IJB XJUI UIF BJN PG CFUUFS JODMVTJWFOFTT BOE SFTQFDU GPS UIF IVNBO SJHIUT PG BMM PG JUT QFPQMF

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)VTBJO "CEVMMB Executive Director, ADHRB

APART in Their OWN LAND

METHODOLOGY ͳJT SFQPSU JT UIF QSPEVDU PG FYUFOTJWF SFTFBSDI PO UIF HSPVOE BDDPNQMJTIFE CZ FYBNJOJOH HPWFSONFOU SFDPSET JOUFSWJFXJOH JOWPMWFE BDUPST BOE QFSTPOBMMZ SFDPSEJOH FWFOUT UBLJOH QMBDF JO UIF DPVOUSZ 4VDI SFTFBSDI JT TJHOJmDBOUMZ TVQQMFNFOUFE CZ B MJUFSBUVSF SFWJFX UBLFO GSPN B XJEF WBSJFUZ PG SFQVUBCMF TPVSDFT JODMVEJOH XFMM FTUBCMJTIFE OFXTQBQFST NBHB[JOFT BOE KPVSOBMT 8IFO QPTTJCMF UIF SFQPSU QSPWJEFT B DJUBUJPO UP B QVCMJDMZ BWBJMBCMF TPVSDF *O TVDI JOTUBODFT XIFSF UIF JOUFSFTUT PG DPOmEFOUJBMJUZ GPSDF VT UP BOPOZNJ[F JOGPSNBUJPO PS SFEBDU PVS TPVSDF UIF SFQPSU NBZ PNJU UIF TPVSDF BOE JOEJDBUF UIF OFFE GPS DPOmEFOUJBMJUZ 4VDI TPVSDFT NBZ CF BWBJMBCMF QSJWBUFMZ VQPO SFRVFTU

APART in Their OWN LAND

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Introduction *O UIF BM ,IBMJGB GBNJMZ JOWBEFE #BISBJO DPORVFSJOH UIF TNBMM JTMBOE JO UIF 1FSTJBO (VMG BOE TVCKVHBUJOH JUT IJTUPSJDBMMZ 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO UP 4VOOJ SVMF 8IJMF UIF JTMBOE T GPSNFS 1FSTJBO SVMFST BUUFNQUFE PO NVMUJQMF PDDBTJPOT UP SF BTTFSU UIFJS EPNJOBODF PWFS UIF DPVOUSZ UIF BM ,IBMJGBT TVDDFTTGVMMZ EFGFOEFE UIFJS DMBJN BOE UIF DPVOUSZ XPVME SFNBJO VOEFS VOTUBCMF BM ,IBMJGB SVMF GPS UIF OFYU UXP EFDBEFT *O UIF BM ,IBMJGB HPWFSONFOU FOUFSFE JOUP B MFHJUJNJ[JOH USFBUZ XJUI UIF #SJUJTI &NQJSF BOE #BISBJO IBT SFNBJOFE VOEFS UIF FĉFDUJWF HPWFSOBODF PG UIF BM ,IBMJGB GBNJMZ JO TPNF FWFS TJODF 8IFO #SJUBJO MFGU UIF 1FSTJBO (VMG JO UIF T UIF BM ,IBMJGBT SFNBJOFE BOE UIPVHI UIF JTMBOE OBUJPO IBT VOEFSHPOF TFWFSBM HPWFSONFOUBM DIBOHFT JO UIF EFDBEFT TJODF UIF DPVOUSZ T NBKPSJUZ 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO IBT GPVOE JUTFMG VOEFS UIF SVMF PG UIF 4VOOJ GBNJMZ TJODF UIF PSJHJOBM JOWBTJPO JO UIF T 1 1SFTFOU FTUJNBUFT QMBDF #BISBJO T QPQVMBUJPO BU BQQSPYJNBUFMZ 4IJB2 BOE 4VOOJ XJUI PUIFS SFMJHJPVT HSPVQT EPNJOBUJOH UIF NBSHJOBM QFSDFOUBHFT ͳF SFJHO PG UIF BM ,IBMJGB GBNJMZ IBT MBSHFMZ CFFO DIBSBDUFSJ[FE CZ QFBDF CFUXFFO UIFTF UXP HSPVQT CVU BOJNPTJUZ CFUXFFO UIF 4IJB BOE UIF HPWFSONFOU NBOZ 4IJB TUJMM SFHBSE UIF BM ,IBMJGB GBNJMZ BT DPORVFSPST BOE SFTFOU UIF HPWFSONFOU T NBSHJOBMJ[BUJPO PG UIFJS WPJDF BOE QPXFS XJUIJO TPDJFUZ 0O UIF PUIFS TJEF UIF BM ,IBMJGB HPWFSONFOU IBT UZQJDBMMZ EJTDSJNJOBUFE BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB JO UIF DPVOUSZ PGUFOUJNFT UP UIF CFOFmU PG UIPTF DJUJ[FOT BOE SFTJEFOUT UIBU TIBSF UIFJS GBJUI ͳJT EZOBNJD DBNF UP B IFBE JO 'FCSVBSZ XIFO OFBSMZ IBMG PG UIF #BISBJOJ QPQVMBUJPO QSPUFTUFE GPS B NPSF SFQSFTFOUBUJWF HPWFSONFOU BOE HSFBUFS SFTQFDU GPS IVNBO SJHIUT 8IJMF UIF HPWFSONFOU MJLFT UP DIBSBDUFSJ[F UIF QSPUFTUT BT 4IJB MFE JOEFQFOEFOU PCTFSWFST EPDVNFOUFE B TVCTUBOUJBM 4VOOJ QSFTFODF XJUIJO UIF VQSJTJOH BOE NPTU QPQVMBUJPOT XJUIJO UIF DPVOUSZ XFSF SFQSFTFOUFE ͳBU UIF TVCTFRVFOU HPWFSONFOU WJPMFODF TJHOJm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ͳF HPWFSONFOU T EJTDSJNJOBUJPO BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB BEEJUJPOBMMZ FYUFOET UP UIF QPMJUJDBM TQIFSF XIFSF UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT FOHJOFFSFE UIF TZTUFN JO TVDI B XBZ BT UP NBLF JU JNQPTTJCMF GPS UIF .JOPSJUZ 3JHIUT (SPVQ *OUFSOBUJPOBM i8PSME %JSFDUPSZ PG .JOPSJUJFT BOE *OEJHFOPVT 1FPQMFT w #BISBJO 0WFSWJFX 'FCSVBSZ "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ XXX NJOPSJUZSJHIUT PSH CBISBJO CBISBJO PWFSWJFX IUNM 3FMJHJPO 'SFFEPN 3FQPSU #BISBJO "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ SFMJHJPO GSFFEPN SFQPSU PSH VL XQ DPOUFOU VQMPBET DPVOUSZ SFQPSUT CBISBJO QEG ,JSLQBUSJDL %BWJE i1PXFS 4USVHHMFT JO .JEEMF &BTU &YQMPJU *TMBN T "ODJFOU 4FDUBSJBO 3JGU w +VMZ "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ XXX OZUJNFT DPN XPSME NJEEMFFBTU QPXFS TUSVHHMFT JO NJEEMF FBTU FYQMPJU JTMBNT BODJFOU TFDUBSJBO SJGU IUNM @S "TMBO 3F[B i#BISBJO T 'BLF 4FDUBSJBO 8BS w 'PSFJHO "ĉBJST +VOF "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ XXX GPSFJHOBĉBJST DPN GFBUVSFT MFUUFST GSPN CBISBJOT GBLF TFDUBSJBO XBS )VNBO 3JHIUT 8BUDI i#BISBJO 3FKFDU $POGFTTJPOT -JOLFE UP 5PSUVSF w #BISBJO 3FKFDU $POGFTTJPOT -JOLFE UP 5PSUVSF +VOF "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ XXX ISX PSH OFXT CBISBJO SFKFDU DPOGFTTJPOT MJOLFE UPSUVSF

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APART in Their OWN LAND

4IJB UP PCUBJO QPMJUJDBM QPXFS XJUIJO UIF DPVOUSZ ͳF ,JOH IJT $BCJOFU BOE UIF 4IVSB $PVODJM BDDPVOU GPS UIF WBTU NBKPSJUZ PG MFHJTMBUJWF BOE FYFDVUJWF QPXFS 4IJB TJU PO B NJOPSJUZ PG UIFTF TFBUT BT UIF HPWFSONFOU PQQPTJUJPO TUBUFT UIBU 4IJB BDDPVOUFE GPS PG TFBUT JO UIF 4IVSB $PVODJM BOE KVTU TJY PG DBCJOFU NFNCFST 8JUI SFHBSE UP UIF FMFDUFE MPXFS IPVTF PG #BISBJOJ QBSMJBNFOU FMFDUPSBM EJTUSJDUT BSF ESBXO JO TVDI B XBZ UIBU B 4VOOJ EJTUSJDU NBZ DPOUBJO QFPQMF XIJMF B 4IJB EJTUSJDU DPOUBJOT CPUI EJTUSJDUT FMFDU KVTU POF NFNCFS PG QBSMJBNFOU 8IJMF UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT SFDFOUMZ SFESBXO UIF EJTUSJDUT JU TUJMM EPFT OPU BDLOPXMFEHF UIF QSJODJQMF PG iPOF QFSTPO POF WPUF w BOE 4IJB TUJMM mOE JU JNQPTTJCMF UP PCUBJO B NBKPSJUZ JO UIF QBSMJBNFOU 'JOBMMZ UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT BDUJWFMZ EJTDSJNJOBUFE BHBJOTU UIF BDUVBM 4IJB SFMJHJPVT FTUBCMJTINFOU 'PMMPXJOH UIF FWFOUT PG 'FCSVBSZ HPWFSONFOU GPSDFT EFTUSPZFE NPTRVFT BOE PUIFS SFMJHJPVT TJUFT BMM PG XIJDI CFMPOHFE UP UIF 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO 7 8IJMF UIF HPWFSONFOU QMFEHFE UP SFCVJME UIF NPTRVFT UIVT GBS JU IBT GBJMFE UP EP TP BOE UIPTF NPTRVFT UIBU IBWF CFFO SFCVJMU XFSF DPNQMFUFE FOUJSFMZ XJUI GVOET GSPN UIF 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO *O TPNF DBTFT UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT BOOFYFE UIF MBOE PO XIJDI UIFTF NPTRVFT XFSF CVJMU 8 BOE IBT SFGVTFE UIF 4IJB SFRVFTU UP SF BMMPDBUF UIF MBOET UPXBSET UIFJS PSJHJOBM QVSQPTF *O PUIFS DBTFT UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT FWFO HPOF TP GBS BT UP SF EFNPMJTI NPTRVFT B TFDPOE UJNF BGUFS UIF 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO JUTFMG BUUFNQUFE UP SFCVJME 9 ͳF HPWFSONFOU BMTP EJTDSJNJOBUFT BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB GBJUI JO PUIFS MFTT OPUJDFBCMF XBZT PGUFOUJNFT BUUBDLJOH 4IJB SFMJHJPVT mHVSFT GBJMJOH UP JODPSQPSBUF 4IJB CFMJFGT JOUP FEVDBUJPOBM DVSSJDVMB BOE BU UJNFT EJTTPMWJOH 4IJB SFMJHJPVT PSHBOJ[BUJPOT 10 ͳF OFU FĉFDU PG UIF HPWFSONFOU T EJTDSJNJOBUPSZ QPMJDZ IBT CFFO UP TFU UIF 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO BQBSU JO UIFJS PXO MBOE "U B UJNF XIFO UIF HPWFSONFOU BDDVTFT JUT QPQVMBUJPO PG FTQPVTJOH TFDUBSJBOJTN UIJT SFQPSU TIPXT KVTU UIF PQQPTJUF XIJMF #BISBJO T 4IJB BOE 4VOOJ QPQVMBUJPOT BSF SFBEZ UP DP FYJTU UIF HPWFSONFOU JUTFMG GBOT UIF nBNFT PG TFDUBSJBOJTN UP KVTUJGZ JUT PQQSFTTJPO PG UIF 4IJB NBKPSJUZ

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APART in Their OWN LAND

7

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8

APART in Their OWN LAND

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APART in Their OWN LAND

9

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10

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18

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BDDFTTFE %FDFNCFS IUUQ XXX CBISBJOSJHIUT PSH FO OPEF 92 #BISBJO $FOUFS GPS )VNBO 3JHIUT i#BISBJO .JOJTUSZ PG +VTUJDF 'JMFT -BXTVJU UP 4VTQFOE "M 8FGBR UIF -BSHFTU 1PMJUJDBM 1BSUZ JO #BISBJO” +VMZ BDDFTTFE %FDFNCFS IUUQ XXX CBISBJOSJHIUT PSH FO OPEF i#BISBJO PQQPTJUJPO BDUJWJTUT TFU VQ BMUFSOBUJWF WPUF BIFBE PG FMFDUJPOT w Middle East Eye, /PWFNCFS

BDDFTTFE %FDFNCFS IUUQ XXX NJEEMFFBTUFZF OFU OFXT CBISBJO PQQPTJUJPO BDUJWJTUT TFU QPMM TFMG EFUFSNJOBUJPO BIFBE FMFDUJPOT "NFSJDBOT GPS %FNPDSBDZ )VNBO 3JHIUT JO #BISBJO i#BISBJO 8PNFO 5BSHFUFE JO .BTT "SSFTUT 0WFS A1PQVMBS 3FGFSFOEVN w /PWFNCFS BDDFTTFE %FDFNCFS IUUQ BEISC PSH CBISBJO XPNFO UBSHFUFE JO NBTT BSSFTUT PWFS QPQVMBS SFGFSFOEVN

APART in Their OWN LAND

21

Conclusion ͳSPVHI B DPNCJOBUJPO PG BTZNNFUSJD EJTUSJDUJOH EFNPHSBQIJD NBOJQVMBUJPO BOE MFHBMJTUJD DPFSDJWF NFBTVSFT UIF #BISBJOJ HPWFSONFOU NBJOUBJOT BO FMFDUPSBM TZTUFN XIJDI BMMPXT GPS MJNJUFE QBSUJDJQBUJPO XIJMF GPSFTUBMMJOH UIF FMFDUJPO PG B SFQSFTFOUBUJWF QBSMJBNFOU XIJDI DPVME WFUP MBXT QSPEVDFE CZ UIF FYFDVUJWF CSBODI ͳF VOSFQSFTFOUBUJWF OBUVSF PG UIF DVSSFOU HPWFSONFOU NBSHJOBMJ[FT UIF TPDJFUZ T NBKPSJUZ 4IJB QPQVMBUJPO FWFO BT JU GVSUIFS DPODFOUSBUFT QPXFS JO UIF IBOET PG UIF 4VOOJ SVMJOH GBNJMZ BOE UIFJS TVQQPSUFST #BISBJO IPXFWFS OFFE OPU DPOUJOVF BMPOH B QBUI PG IFJHIUFOFE TFDUBSJBO UFOTJPO #Z JOTUJUVUJOH B TFSJFT PG PCWJPVT GBJS BOE DPNNPO TFOTF SFGPSNT UIF HPWFSONFOU DBO MJCFSBMJ[F UIF QPMJUJDBM TQBDF XIJMF NBJOUBJOJOH JOUFSOBM TUBCJMJUZ BOE SFTQFDUJOH UIF QPQVMBS XJMM

22

APART in Their OWN LAND

Religious Discrimination 'PS TFWFSBM ZFBST BGUFS PCUBJOJOH JOEFQFOEFODF GSPN UIF #SJUJTI JU BQQFBSFE BT JG UIF 4VOOJ EPNJOBUFE HPWFSONFOU PG #BISBJO XBT XJMMJOH UP BDDFQU UIF 4IJB DPNNVOJUZ JOUP UIF QPMJUJDBM PSEFS 4IFJLI "CEVM "NJS BM +BNSJ BOE 4IFJLI *TB 2BTTJN CPUI QSPNJOFOU 4IJB DMFSJDT TFSWFE JO QBSMJBNFOU BT SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT PG UIF *TMBNJTU iSFMJHJPVT CMPD w )PXFWFS UIF QBSMJBNFOU BOE DPOTUJUVUJPO XFSF TVTQFOEFE JO XIFO UIF MFHJTMBUVSF SFKFDUFE B TFDVSJUZ MBX XIJDI XPVME IBWF HSBOUFE TFDVSJUZ GPSDFT JOEJTDSJNJOBUF QPXFST 'PS UIF SFTU PG ,JOH *TB CJO 4BMNBO T SFJHO #BISBJO XBT FÄ&#x2030;FDUJWFMZ SVMFE CZ EFDSFF ͳJT QPMJUJDBM SFHSFTTJPO BOE UIF DSBDLEPXOT XIJDI GPMMPXFE MFE UP BO FYPEVT PG 4IJB SFMJHJPVT mHVSFT GSPN #BISBJO 8IFO ,JOH )BNBE CJO *TB BM ,IBMJGB BDDFEFE UP UIF #BISBJOJ UISPOF JO PCTFSWFST IPQFE UIBU IJT SFJHO XPVME CSJOH BCPVU BO FSB PG QPMJUJDBM MJCFSBMJ[BUJPO "U UIF CFHJOOJOH PG SFJHO ,JOH )BNBE QVU GPSXBSE UIF /BUJPOBM "DUJPO $IBSUFS XIJDI XPVME SFUVSO #BISBJO UP UIF DPOTUJUVUJPOBM NPOBSDIZ TUJQVMBUFE JO UIF DPOTUJUVUJPO *O B QVCMJD SFGFSFOEVN PWFS PG #BISBJOJ WPUFST DIPTF UP SBUJGZ UIJT EPDVNFOU *O SFTQPOTF UP )BNBE T DPODJMJBUPSZ BQQSPBDI NBOZ FYJMFE 4IJB DMFSJDT DIPTF UP SFUVSO *O NBOZ PG UIFTF DMFSJDT KPJOFE UPHFUIFS UP GPSN UIF BM 8FGBR /BUJPOBM *TMBNJD 4PDJFUZ B 4IJB *TMBNJD DPBMJUJPO XIJDI IBT TJODF CFDPNF UIF TJOHMF MBSHFTU QPMJUJDBM TPDJFUZ JO #BISBJO ͳVT UIF 4IJB SFMJHJPVT FTUBCMJTINFOU CFDBNF JOUSJOTJDBMMZ UJFE XJUI UIF DPNNVOJUZ T QPMJUJDBM SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT *O UIF UJNF TJODF UIF 4IJB DMFSHZNFO SFUVSOFE UP #BISBJO UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT TJHOJmDBOUMZ SFHSFTTFE PO NBOZ PG JUT QSFWJPVT NPWFT UPXBSET QPMJUJDBM VOJUZ "T UIF QPMJUJDBM TUSVDUVSF PG UIF DPVOUSZ TIJGUT UPXBSET GVSUIFS BMJFOBUJOH UIF 4IJB UIF 4IJB PQQPTJUJPO IBT SFTQPOEFE XJUI JODSFBTJOHMZ TUSPOHFS SIFUPSJD BOE JODSFBTJOHMZ OVNFSPVT QSPUFTUT BHBJOTU UIF HPWFSONFOU ͳF HPWFSONFOU IBT SFTQPOEFE JO LJOE XJUI B TQFDJmD UBSHFUJOH PG UIF 4IJB SFMJHJPVT FTUBCMJTINFOU WJPMFOUMZ UBSHFUJOH 4IJB SFMJHJPVT MFBEFST MFHBMMZ EJTTPMWJOH 4IJB SFMJHJPVT PSHBOJ[BUJPOT BOE QIZTJDBMMZ EFTUSPZJOH 4IJB SFMJHJPVT TUSVDUVSFT Violence against Shia Clergy and Religious Members *O UIF JNNFEJBUF BGUFSNBUI PG UIF QSPUFTU NPWFNFOU #BISBJOJ BVUIPSJUJFT UBSHFUFE JOnVFOUJBM MFBEFST PG UIF QPMJUJDBM PQQPTJUJPO JO BEEJUJPO UP BWFSBHF DJUJ[FOT QSPUFTUFST ͳF NPTU GBNPVT PG UIFTF QPMJUJDBM QSJTPOFST BSF UIF i#BISBJO w B HSPVQ PG VOBMJHOFE PQQPTJUJPO MFBEFST XIP XFSF BSSFTUFE JNNFEJBUFMZ BGUFS UIF HPWFSONFOU BTTBVMUFE UIF QSP EFNPDSBDZ EFNPOTUSBUJPOT 4JY NFNCFST PG UIF #BISBJO BSF XJEFMZ DPOTJEFSFE UP CF PVUTUBOEJOH NFNCFST PG UIF #BISBJO 4IJB DMFSHZ CZ UIF 4IJB DPNNVOJUZ JODMVEJOH )BTTBO .VTIBJNB "CEVMXBIBC )VTTFJO "CEVMKBMJM BM .JREBE .PIBNNFE )BCJC BM .JREBE 4BFFE .JS[B BM /PVSJ BOE "CEVMMBI *TB BM .BISPPT ͳFJS TUPSJFT HFOFSBMMZ GPMMPX UIF TBNF UIFNF TIPSUMZ BGUFS UIF HPWFSONFOU NPWFE PO UIF 1FBSM 3PVOEBCPVU JO .BSDI UIF HPWFSONFOU BSSFTUFE UIF NFNCFST PG UIF #BISBJO JODMVEJOH UIF TJY DMFSHZNFO OBNFE BCPWF ͳF HPWFSONFOU UPSUVSFE TFWFSBM PG UIF DMFSHZNFO CFGPSF FWFOUVBMMZ DPOWJDUJOH UIFN PG DSJNFT SFMBUFE UP UIF GSFFEPNT PG FYQSFTTJPO BOE BTTPDJBUJPO ͳFJS TFOUFODFT SBOHFE GSPN TFWFSBM ZFBST UP MJGF JO QSJTPO 95 %VSJOH UIF 'FCSVBSZ QSPUFTUT PUIFS NFNCFST PG UIF 4IJB SFMJHJPVT FTUBCMJTINFOU OPU BTTPDJBUFE XJUI UIF #BISBJO XFSF BMTP UBSHFUFE 4IFJLI .BZUIBN BM 4BMNBO JT B 4IJB DMFSJD XIP MFBET UIF #BISBJO *OUFSGBJUI $FOUFS BO PSHBOJ[BUJPO UIBU QSPNPUFT SFMJHJPVT UPMFSBODF JO #BISBJO 95 i#BISBJO w #BISBJO *OTUJUVUF GPS 3JHIUT BOE %FNPDSBDZ "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ CJSECI PSH CBISBJO

APART in Their OWN LAND

23

"MUIPVHI IF XBT OPU JOWPMWFE JO UIF QSPUFTU NPWFNFOU IF XBT BSSFTUFE PO .BSDI BOE EFUBJOFE GPS TJY NPOUIT 1SJTPO BVUIPSJUJFT DMBJNFE UIBU IF XBT EFUBJOFE GPS BUUFOEJOH BO JMMFHBM SBMMZ "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIF HPWFSONFOU USJFE DMFSJD "RFFM "INFE BM .BGPPEI JO BCTUFOUJB GPS BDUJWJUJFT SFMBUFE UP IJT NFEJB DPWFSBHF PG UIF 'FCSVBSZ VQSJTJOH )F XBT TFOUFODFE UP ZFBST JO QSJTPO 4JODF UIF 'FCSVBSZ QSPUFTUT PUIFS SFMJHJPVT MFBEFST IBWF GPVOE UIFNTFMWFT WJDUJNJ[FE CZ HPWFSONFOU QFSTFDVUJPO *O "QSJM 4IFJLI )VTTFJO /BKBUJ XIP JT DPOTJEFSFE UIF NPTU TFOJPS 4IJB DMFSJD JO #BISBJO XBT JOUFSSPHBUFE BOE JOGPSNFE UIBU IJT #BISBJOJ DJUJ[FOTIJQ IBE CFFO SFWPLFE 1PMJDF PĊDFST HBWF /BKBUJ IPVST UP MFBWF UIF DPVOUSZ GPS *SBR *O %FDFNCFS PG UIF TBNF ZFBS HPWFSONFOU TFDVSJUZ GPSDFT BSSFTUFE 4IBJLI "MJ 4BMNBO B #BISBJOJ DMFSJD BOE UIF MFBEFS PG #BISBJO T MBSHFTU PQQPTJUJPO NPWFNFOU PO BDDPVOU PG QPMJUJDBM TUBUFNFOUT IF NBEF FBSMJFS JO UIF ZFBS )F QPUFOUJBMMZ GBDFT VQ UP ZFBST JO QSJTPO 4JODF UIF #BISBJO $FOUFS GPS )VNBO 3JHIUT IBT JEFOUJmFE BU MFBTU #BISBJOJ 4IJB DMFSJDT QFSTFDVUFE PO BDDPVOU PG UIFJS QPMJUJDBM TUBUFNFOUT PS SFMJHJPVT BĊMJBUJPO JODMVEJOH 4IBJLIT 4BMNBO BOE /BKBUJ .PSF UIBO IBMG PG UIFN SFNBJO JO QSJTPO The Destruction of Mosques and Other Religious Sites (PWFSONFOU WJPMFODF BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB FTUBCMJTINFOU IBT OPU TUPQQFE BU UIF DMFSHZ ͳF HPWFSONFOU IBT BMTP EJSFDUMZ UBSHFUFE UIF QIZTJDBM TUSVDUVSFT PG UIF 4IJB SFMJHJPO *O SFUBMJBUJPO BHBJOTU UIF QSPUFTU NPWFNFOU PG 'FCSVBSZ XIJDI UIF HPWFSONFOU DIBSBDUFSJ[FE BT QSFEPNJOBUFMZ QPQVMBUFE CZ #BISBJOJ 4IJB TFDVSJUZ GPSDFT CVMMEP[FE BOE EFNPMJTIFE 4IJB NPTRVFT BSPVOE #BISBJO .BOZ PG UIFTF CVJMEJOHT XFSF DVMUVSBMMZ BT XFMM BT SFMJHJPVTMZ TJHOJmDBOU 8IJMF UIF HPWFSONFOU IBT QSPNJTFE UP SFCVJME B OVNCFS PG UIFTF NPTRVFT QSPHSFTT PO UIFJS SFCVJMEJOH IBT CFFO TUBHOBOU XJUI UIF 4IJB DPNNVOJUZ JUTFMG SFCVJMEJOH UIF POMZ NPTRVFT UIBU IBWF CFFO DPNQMFUFE ͳF mSTU TVDI EFNPMJUJPO PDDVSSFE PO .BSDI XIFO Masjid Kowaikebat JO UIF UPXO PG 5VCMJ XBT CVSOFE BMPOH XJUI UIF TBDSFE PCKFDUT DPOUBJOFE JO UIF CVJMEJOH ͳF TFDPOE BOE BSHVBCMZ NPTU JNQPSUBOU NPTRVF UP CF EFNPMJTIFE XBT UIF al-Barbaghi NPTRVF XIJDI TUPPE BMPOH UIF DBVTFXBZ CFUXFFO 4BVEJ "SBCJB BOE #BISBJO #VJMU JO al-Barbaghi TUPPE BT B TZNCPM PG 4IJB *TMBN T SPMF JO #BISBJO T IJTUPSZ BOE QSFEBUFE UIF BSSJWBM PG UIF BM ,IBMJGB GBNJMZ UP #BISBJO CZ NPSF UIBO ZFBST ͳF NPTRVF BMTP IFME UIF UPNC PG "NFFS .PIBNNFE BM #BSCBHIJ B IJTUPSJDBMMZ JNQPSUBOU 4IJB SFMJHJPVT TDIPMBS Al-Barbaghi’s MPDBUJPO BMPOH UIF SPVUF GSPN 4BVEJ "SBCJB UP #BISBJO JT TJHOJmDBOU CFDBVTF TPNF #BISBJOJT IBWF TVHHFTUFE UIBU UIF EFTUSVDUJPO PG 4IJB NPTRVFT XBT FODPVSBHFE CZ 4BVEJ PĊDJBMT XIP XBOUFE UP FSBTF 4IJB IFSJUBHF GSPN UIF NPTU WJTJCMF MPDBUJPOT *OEFFE UIF MPDBUJPO PG B NPTRVF TFFNFE UP CF BO JNQPSUBOU GBDUPS JO EFDJEJOH XIFUIFS PS OPU JU XPVME CF UBSHFUFE ͳF 4IJB NBKPSJUZ BSFB PG BM #BSCPVSB IBT CFFO UIF TJUF PG IJTUPSJDBM DMBTIFT CFUXFFO UIF BM ,IBMJGB GBNJMZ BOE 4IJB EJTDPOUFOUT %VSJOH UIF QFSJPE GSPN .BSDI th UP "QSJM 27th NPTRVFT XFSF EFTUSPZFE JO UIF BM #BSCPVSB BSFB JO XIBU PQQPTJUJPO BDUJWJTUT DPOUFOE XBT B TZNCPMJD BDU PG SFWFOHF BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB DPNNVOJUZ 0UIFS NPTRVFT XFSF BQQBSFOUMZ EFTUSPZFE EVF UP UIFJS MPDBUJPO JO QVCMJDMZ FYQPTFE BSFBT Masjid al-Alawaiyat XBT POF TVDI NPTRVF CFJOH QVCMJDMZ WJTJCMF PO UIF SPVUF UP UIF DPVOUSZ T POMZ QVCMJD IPTQJUBM #BISBJO $FOUFS GPS )VNBO 3JHIUT i6QEBUFT )BSTI 4FOUFODFT UP 1SPNJOFOU 0QQPTJUJPOBM -FBEFST BOE )VNBO 3JHIUT %FGFOEFST +VMZ "DDFTTFE +BOVBSZ IUUQ XXX CBISBJOSJHIUT PSH FO OPEF

24

APART in Their OWN LAND

#FUXFFO .BSDI BOE "QSJM UIF HPWFSONFOU EFTUSPZFE B UPUBM PG NPTRVFT ͳFTF JODMVEFE

Abou Thir al-Ghiffari NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Fadak al-Zahra NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Abu Dharr NPTRVF JO /VXBJESBU

Fatima al-Zahraa NPTRVF

Abu Talib NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Imam al-Jawad NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Ain Rastan NPTRVF JO " BMJ

Imam Ali NPTRVF JO 4BEBE

Al-Baqei JO BM -P[Z %JTUSJDU

Imam Baqer NPTRVF JO /VXBJESBU

Al-Barbaghi NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Imam Hasan al-Askari NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Al-Douweira NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Imam Hassan NPTRVF JO /VXBJESBU

AM-Imam al-Baqer NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSBϰ

Kareem Ahl al-Bait NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Al-Imam al-Hadi NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Kowaikebat NPTRVF JO ,BXBSB

AM-Imam al-Hadi NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Mo’min NPTRVF JO /VXBJESBU

Al-Imam al-Hasan NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Salman al-Faresi NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Al-Imam al-Jawwad NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Salman al-Farsi NPTRVF O /VXBJESBU

Al-Imam al-Sajjad JO BM -P[Z EJTUSJDU

Sayyeda Zainab NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

Al-Imam Sadeq NPTRVF JO 4BMNBCBE

Shaikh Mohammed al-Wasti NPTRVF JO 4JUSB

Al-Khadr NPTRVF JO #BOJ +BNSB

Shaikh Abid NPTRVF BOE 4ISJOF JO 4JUSB

Al-Rasool al-A’dham NPTRVF JO ,BS[BLBO

Shaikh Ibrahim NPTRVF JO ;JOK

Al-Sheikh Youssef NPTRVF JO #BSCPVSB

Shaikh Mohsin al-Saboor NPTRVF JO ;JOK

Al-Watiya NPTRVF JO .BIPP[

Sheikh Maytham al-Bahrani NPTRVF BOE

Al-Wattiya NPTRVF JO .VHBCB

Um al-Baneen NPTRVF JO )BNBE UPXO

4JODF UIF EFTUSVDUJPO PG UIFTF NPTRVFT UIF (PWFSONFOU PG #BISBJO IBT SFTUSJDUFE BDDFTT UP NBOZ PG UIF TJUFT XIFSF UIFZ PSJHJOBMMZ TUPPE 4FDVSJUZ GPSDFT FSFDUFE B GFODF BSPVOE UIF TJUF PG UIF #BSCBHIJ NPTRVF BOE QSPTFDVUFE JOEJWJEVBMT XIP BUUFNQUFE UP QSBZ BU UIF MPDBUJPO 0O %FDFNCFS SFMJHJPVT TDIPMBS BOE NFNCFS PG UIF *TMBNJD 4DIPMBST 0MBNNB $PVODJM 'BEIFM BM ;BLJ XBT JOUFSSPHBUFE CZ QPMJDF PĊDFST PO DIBSHFT PG iQBSUJDJQBUJOH JO B HBUIFSJOH UIBU XBT OPU OPUJmFE BCPVUw BGUFS MFBEJOH QSBZFST BU UIF TJUF 4JNJMBSMZ 57 EJSFDUPS :BTTFS /BTTFS XBT BSSFTUFE PO %FDFNCFS th CFDBVTF IF EJE OPU IBWF iB QFSNJU UP QFSGPSN QSBZFST JO UIF TJUF w 'PMMPXJOH UIF FYQJSBUJPO PG UIF OBUJPOBM QFSJPE PG FNFSHFODZ JO +VOF 97 UIF #BISBJOJ HPWFSONFOU DSFBUFE UIF #BISBJO *OEFQFOEFOU $PNNJTTJPO PO *ORVJSZ #*$* JO PSEFS UP JOWFTUJHBUF HPWFSONFOU XSPOHEPJOH GPMMPXJOH UIF 'FCSVBSZ QSPUFTUT ͳF #*$* GPVOE 97 *OUFSOBUJPOBM $PWFOBOU PO $JWJM BOE 1PMJUJDBM 3JHIUT /FX :PSL %FDFNCFS 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 5SFBUZ 4FSJFT BWBJMBCMF GSPN IUUQT USFBUJFT VO PSH EPD 1VCMJDBUJPO $/ $/ &OH QEG

APART in Their OWN LAND

25

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APART in Their OWN LAND

Recommendations *O MJHIU PG UIF BCPWF mOEJOHT XF NBLF UIF GPMMPXJOH SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT To the Government of Bahrain: 1. Wholly re-examine the systematic use of violence against those who subscribe to the Shia faith: B $VSUBJM UIF VTF PG WJPMFODF BHBJOTU 4IJB QSPUFTUT CZ HPWFSONFOU FNQMPZFFT JODMVEJOH .JOJTUSZ PG *OUFSJPS FNQMPZFFT BOE TUBUF TFDVSJUZ PĊ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econcile the Shia population with the Bahraini political process: B "QQPJOU B QSPQPSUJPOBM OVNCFS PG 4IJB SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT UP UIF 4IVSB $PVODJM JO MJOF XJUI UIF 4IJB NBLFVQ PG UIF QPQVMBUJPO C 3FGPSN QPMJUJDBM EJTUSJDUT JO #BISBJO VOEFS UIF EPDUSJOF PG iPOF QFSTPO POF WPUF w TP BT UP CFUUFS BMMPX GPS 4IJB SFQSFTFOUBUJPO JO UIF FMFDUFE MPXFS IPVTF PG UIF #BISBJOJ QBSMJBNFOU D "QQPJOU 4IJB SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT UP UIF $PVODJM PG .JOJTUFST E *NNFEJBUFMZ SFJODPSQPSBUF BOZ QPMJUJDBM QBSUJFT EJTTPMWFE CZ UIF HPWFSONFOU PO QPMJUJDBM HSPVOET JODMVEJOH CVU OPU MJNJUFE UP UIF al-Wefaq National Islamic Society F $FBTF UIF QSBDUJDF PG OBUVSBMJ[JOH GPSFJHO CPSO 4VOOJT GPS UIF QVSQPTFT PG DIBOHJOH UIF QPMJUJDBM NBLFVQ PG UIF DPVOUSZ G *NNFEJBUFMZ SFMFBTF BOZ QPMJUJDBM MFBEFST JODBSDFSBUFE PO QPMJUJDBM HSPVOET JODMVEJOH *CSBIJN 4IBSJG BOE 4IBJLI "MJ 4BMNBO BOE F $POTJEFS SF FYBNJOJOH UIF QPMJUJDBM TUSVDUVSF PG #BISBJO UP EJTBHHSFHBUF QPMJUJDBM QPXFS JOUP UIF #BISBJOJ QPQVMBUJPO

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3. Cease all discriminatory policies against the Shia religious establishment and faith: B *NNFEJBUFMZ SFMFBTF BMM 4IJB SFMJHJPVT MFBEFST JODBSDFSBUFE PO QPMJUJDBM HSPVOET C *NNFEJBUFMZ DFBTF UIF GVSUIFS EFNPMJUJPO PG 4IJB SFMJHJPVT TUSVDUVSFT BOE NPTRVFT D 3FDPNNJU UP SFCVJMEJOH BOZ BOE BMM SFMJHJPVT TUSVDUVSFT EFTUSPZFE JO SFUBMJBUJPO BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB DPNNVOJUZ GPS JUT JOWPMWFNFOU JO UIF QFBDFGVM QSPUFTU NPWFNFOU JO E 3FCVJME UIF al-Dharr NPTRVF JO JUT PSJHJOBM MPDBUJPO BOE DPNQFOTBUF UIF #BISBJOJ 4IJB DPNNVOJUZ GPS BOZ SFTPVSDFT JU TQFOU JO SFCVJMEJOH NPTRVFT EFTUSPZFE CZ UIF HPWFSONFOU BOE F 3FJODPSQPSBUF BOZ SFMJHJPVT TPDJFUJFT EJTTPMWFE PO QPMJUJDBM HSPVOET JODMVEJOH UIF *TMBNJD â&#x20AC;&#x153;Olamaaâ&#x20AC;? 4DIPMBST $PVODJM To the United Nations: 1. Pressure the Government of Bahrain to end its discriminatory policies against its Shia population: B $POTJEFS QBTTJOH B SFTPMVUJPO BU UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT )VNBO 3JHIUT $PVODJM DPOEFNOJOH UIF IVNBO SJHIUT TJUVBUJPO JO #BISBJO BOE TQFDJmDBMMZ OPUJOH UIF HPWFSONFOU EJTDSJNJOBUJPO BHBJOTU 4IJB C &YBNJOF JO B SFQPSU UIF DPOTFRVFODFT PG HPWFSONFOU EJTDMVTJPO PO FYUSFNJTN BOE DPOTJEFS VTJOH #BISBJO BT B DBTF TUVEZ JO TVDI B SFQPSU D *ODPSQPSBUF UIF TVCKFDU PG EJTDSJNJOBUJPO BHBJOTU UIF 4IJB JOUP UIF OFYU DPVOUSZ WJTJU CZ UIF 0Ä&#x160;DF PG UIF )JHI $PNNJTTJPOFS GPS )VNBO 3JHIUT BOE JODMVEF BO FYBNJOBUJPO PG UIF TVCKFDU JOUP BOZ QFSNBOFOU NBOEBUF 2. Facilitate the missions of the Special Procedures of the United Nations Human Rights Council: B %FNBOE UIBU UIF (PWFSONFOU PG #BISBJO IPOPS JUT DPNNJUNFOU UP BMMPX UIF 4QFDJBM 3BQQPSUFVS PO UPSUVSF BOE PUIFS DSVFM VOVTVBM PS EFHSBEJOH USFBUNFOU PS QVOJTINFOU UP WJTJU UIF DPVOUSZ UP DPOEVDU BO BTTFTTNFOU PO #BISBJO T DPNNJUNFOUT UPXBSET UIF FMJNJOBUJPO PG UIF VTF PG UPSUVSF C 3FRVFTU UIBU UIF (PWFSONFOU PG #BISBJO JTTVF B TUBOEJOH JOWJUBUJPO UP BMM 4QFDJBM 1SPDFEVSFT XJTIJOH UP WJTJU UIF DPVOUSZ D &ODPVSBHF UIF 4QFDJBM 3BQQPSUFVS PO SFMJHJPVT GSFFEPN BOE UIF 4QFDJBM 3BQQPSUFVS PO UIF SJHIUT PG JOEJHFOPVT QFSTPOT UP SFRVFTU BDDFTT UP #BISBJO 3. Consider amending the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid to allow it to apply to extremely discriminatory situations of a non-racial character, including situations in which persons face apartheid-like conditions on account of their religion or faith.

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To the International Community, including the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States: 1. Pressure the Government of Bahrain to end its campaign of discrimination against the Shia population by instituting measures against Bahrain similar to those that ended apartheid in South Africa: B 1MBDF BO FNCBSHP PO UIF #BISBJOJ QVSDIBTF PG BOZ BOE BMM XFBQPOT JODMVEJOH CPUI NJMJUBSZ HSBEF XFBQPOT BOE OPO MFUIBM XFBQPOT QVSQPTFE UPXBSET SJPU DPOUSPM C *OTUJUVUF USBEF TBODUJPOT BHBJOTU #BISBJO TQFDJmDBMMZ UBSHFUJOH IJHI FOE MVYVSZ HPPET HFOFSBMMZ DPOTVNFE CZ FMJUF HPWFSONFOU PÄ&#x160;DJBMT BOE UIF SVMJOH GBNJMZ D %FNBOE UIF SFMFBTF PG BMM 4IJB QPMJUJDBM QSJTPOFST E $POTJEFS IPTUJOH NVMUJMBUFSBM UBMLT CFUXFFO UIF #BISBJOJ HPWFSONFOU BOE UIF 4IJB NBKPSJUZ XJUI UIF HPBM PG DSFBUJOH B QFSNBOFOU BOE JODMVTJWF TPMVUJPO 2. Cease any and all military training programs provided to the Kingdom of Bahrain until such time as the Bahraini military fully integrates the Shia population; 3. Consider passing a resolution condemning the Bahraini campaign against its Shia population in the United Nations General Assembly, the European Parliament, the US Congress, and the European Parliament; 4. Broaden policy on Bahrain to include bilateral and multilateral approaches to human rights issues and discrimination against specific populations within Bahrain; 5. Provide assistance with  training programs to the Bahraini government on best practices to ensure the Shia population is included in government jobs and other areas where the Shia population is not fully represented; 6. Include analysis on the subject of Shia discrimination in any human rights reports released in 2015, including the United States Department of State Human Rights Report and the United Kingdom Foreign Commonwealth OďŹ&#x192;ce Report; and 7. Consider amending the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid to allow it to apply to extremely discriminatory situations of a non-racial character, including situations in which persons face apartheid-like conditions on account of their religion or faith.

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