ARCH355401 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO III
“Re-imagine the Vernacular: Design for the Future”
A CLOSER LOOK TO
OUR FIRM Visionary Masterplan Parcel A
SALMA HALAWA
Dorms Student Center Techno Hub
SALMA ASHRAF
ALIA GHONEIM
1- Mapping of bike routes 1- Mapping of bike routes 2-More bike lanes & bike storage 2-More bike lanes & bike storage 3-Bike sharing program proposed 3-Bike sharing program proposed 4-Reclaimed water network: reclaimed 4-Reclaimed water network: reclaimed water now provides the majority of water now provides the majority of landscape irrigation campus-wide. landscape irrigation campus-wide. 5- Implementation of a campus surface 5- Implementation of a campus surface water/stormwater management water/stormwater management plan. plan. 6- Undercut masses provide shading 6- Undercut masses provide shading and protect the internal playing and protect the internal playing surfaces from the effects of direct surfaces from the effects of direct sunlight and glare. sunlight and glare.
1- Making sure Campus is Pedestrian 1- Making sure Campus is Pedestrian Friendly Friendly 2- Understanding the need of creating 2- Understanding the need of creating proper garages of the corners of site proper garages of the corners of site plans plans 3- Creating pathways that lead to 3- Creating pathways that lead to internal courtyards, which allow for internal courtyards, which allow for sufficient open spaces in between sufficient open spaces in between buildings for outdoor activities. buildings for outdoor activities. 4- Having a set plan for any storm 4- Having a set plan for any storm water water
1-Preserve the campus history and
1- Massing and Orientation, making
highlight it
sure masses are in optimum orientation
2-Develop cycling network and pedestrian network (active
2- Light-Colored Paving and Shade to
transportation)
minimize heat absorption
3-Landscape management
3- Integrated Engineering Systems,
4-Wastewater and stormwater management 5-Ensuring energy-saving in heating and cooling systems Inner and outer connections on campus (city streets)
using them to create efficient electrical systems 4- Designing desert Landscape with plants that can withstand such conditions 5- Reducing campus’ overall heat island effect through design strategies
- Site emphasizes the importance of pedestrian and
cycling routes. - New gate could be added to allow easier access to sites C and D. - The views of the campus are all commercial and residential only. - Typography: Highest points on the site could be used for allocating most dominant functions.
Site Outcomes
WIND ROSE During July and August, w hen the temperature peaks, w indspeeds are at their low est. Direction varies seasonally; w inds are predominantly from the north in summer and from the south -southw est in the w inter. Southw est w inter w inds are undesirable and should be blocked and desirable north w inds should be w elcomed.
Summer
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART It is ideal to keep the relative humidity below 60%. This suggests that evaporative cooling may be used to cool the air enough to meet thermal comfort. The psychrometric chart show s that 55% of the time, the temperature exceeds 21 degrees C, the dry bulb temperature above w hich shading is needed.
SUN SHADING CHART When temperatures fall below 23 degrees C, solar exposure is desirable; above 31 degrees C, shade is required for comfort.
Winter
ILLUMINATION RANGE Solar radiation is desirable in most of December, January and February, as w ell as in the morning and late evening in November, M arch, April and M ay. Shading and cooling strategies are needed during midday and afternoon hours in M ay through October.
Heat Islands Reduce heat island effect, especially from surface parking.
Efficient Use of Surrounding Environmental Resources Use permeable pavements to manage stormwater efficiently.
Hot Arid Climate
Manipulating Air Movement
Use evaporative cooling such as water elements to cool and humidify outdoor spaces.
Use the thermal unit concept to provide sources of cool air to buildings and courtyards, and to move air from low pressure to high-pressure areas.
ABDELHALIM IBRAHIM'S VISION
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Outreach and community interaction.
Central spine with interconnected courtyards and plazas.
Unity of the building forms and spaces.
Renewable resources
THERMAL UNIT CONCEPT ENVIRONMENTAL OPTIMIZATION REPORT
The thermal unit concept describes patterns of thermal interactions between defined spaces. 1-The thermal unit: a high-pressure or cool element (pit or container). 2- Low-pressure or hot element (field). 3- A connector that allows air movement (tunnel).
LOAD BEARING CASE STUDIES
New Gourna 1948
Ventilation and Air Movement Masterplan of New Gourna
The masterplan included public buildings, mosque, market, village hall, theatre, crafts exhibition hall, boys' school with its' housing. It also included craft school, girls' school, police station, women's social center, church, sporting club, ..etc.
Hassan Fathy's housing project in Luxor. Redeveloped to accomodate a populatopn of 900 families. The design stood out due to the use of traditional techniques, local materials and vernacular architectural solutions.
Materials Used BRICK Made of earth dug from the sand of the desert and made of straw.
HARD LIMESTONE Suitable for foundations and it was found north of the Valley of the Kings.
SOFT LIMESTONE Good for making lime and it was found south of the Valley of the Queens.
MASTERPLAN
Sketches of village site plan
Walls COMMON PROBLEM IN UPPER EGYPT Walls are built in a shallow trench about twenty to twenty-five centimeters deep, mud brick is laid straight on the soil and close to the surface.
The main problem here is the capillary attraction of underground water into the walls and the consequent deterioration of the lower parts of the walls through repeated wetting and drying. The recognized practice in professional structures of concrete, masonry, brick, etc., is to put a damp-proof course in the wall about fifteen centimeters above the level of contact with any wet soil.
Foundations BUILDING FIRM FOUNDATIONS ON CRACKED SOIL The solution was to get below the cracks, to dig the trenches for the foundations down to a sufficient depth and then fill them with sand or sandstabilized earth, rammed in layers of 20 cms each, to the normal depth for foundations of 1.2 meters.
Mehrez Apartment, 1967, Plan and Section
Another factor that governs people’s comfort inside a house in Upper Egypt is air movement. As the air is so dry, any breeze at all helps.Thus it is most important to pay close attention to the ventilation of houses. The prevailing wind is north-north west and is relatively cool. If this wind is to ventilate a house, it must be admitted through openings.
Climate and Ventilation The climate of Upper Egypt is characteristic of a hot, arid zone, with a very wide difference between day and night temperatures. Therefore the comfort of people inside buildings in this district depends largely upon the thermal properties of the walls and roof. Sun-dried earth brick is, fortunately, one of the poorest conductors of heat. The mud brick houses of Upper Egypt do remain remarkably cool for the major part of the day.
Gando Primary School
Using local craftsmanship, clay pots were sawn in half and cast into a concrete roof slab.
Even though wood was not a popular material on site exception was made when creating this roof
Why Use Clay?
The affect is beautiful. Mottled natural light as well as escape points for hot air..
Clay bricks are known to have the highest dimensional stability and compressive strength which limits cracking and further ensures structural integrity. Not only this, buildings made up of clay bricks have a highly impressive load-bearing capacity and low deformation values which prevents shrinkage of mortar and surface cracking due to temperature changes.
Energy Efficient: thermal attributes which provide warmth in winters and a pleasant temperature during summers
The basic structure of the school comprises load-bearing walls made from compressed earth blocks
Acoustic Insulation: considered to be a durable and timeless building material that complements the aesthetic and functional needs of a building.
cast in hand presses on the construction site and jointed by an earth mortar.
Load Bearing Structure
Stabilized compressed earth was also used for the hexagonal pavement slabs. The foundations are of stone and poured concrete; reinforced concrete was used only for the beams that support the ceilings
Heat flow through an external wall of uniform material of given thickness.
Schematic diagram of the modes of heat gain and loss in a building.
In the load bearing structural system, the loads gets transferred from slabs to foundations through walls
Climate Conditions
Passive Cooling Systems Passive Cooling Systems
Building Ventilation
1 concentrated on a thorough study of the traditional architecture
NEW BARIZ VILLAGE Project Inpirations:-
2 concentrated on climate of the region of kharga and surroundings.
3
CONCERN S
Functional Buildings
MAP
6 Administration
Museum
Museum
agricultural community here at that time.
examining the fourth century AD mudbrick ruins of the necropolis of Bagawat nearby
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3-planned to initially house 250 families, of which more than half were intended to be farmers and the remainder to be service personnel..
examining the fourth century AD mudbrick ruins of the necropolis of Bagawat nearby
The construction of the town was well underway when the 1967 war between Egypt and Israel broke out.
Villas Egypt's Map with neighboring countrie has kharga emphasized on it.
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he also closely observed the existing village of Kharga, where the material used
as well as the width and orientation of the streets
1- Discovery of a large water well sixty kilometers south of the Kharga Oasis in 1963 2-Desert Development to propose an
agricultural plan for that region was altered, there was no longer a need for such asettlement.
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POINTS FOR DISCUSSION
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examining the fourth century AD mudbrick ruins of the necropolis of Bagawat nearby
Arcade Workshop
Workshop
Sustainable techniques
Architectural Drawings - Villas
Construction Methods
market's wind owers Based on the venturi effect t
these towers combine a scientific principle with the forces of nature to temper the ground level shops for human comfort and reduce the temperature in the areas beneath to make a cool storage for perishables.
Intersection of courtyard facades
walls under construction
masonry detail of inclined vault
shop facades at market courtyards
domes under construction
HOW ITS MADE? A compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed ear ock or a compressed soil block, is a building material made primarily from damp soil compressed at high pressure to form blocks. Compressed earth blocks use a mechanical press to form blocks out of an appropriate mix of fairly dry inorganic subsoil, non-expansive clay and aggregate.This project is a good example for using natural local building materials (Tafla) to cover their present needs th bl
patterned light
domes under construction
structural sun baffles defining shops fronting the market courtyard.
Loggia
Arches & Vaults
Arch under construction Market Courtyard
Rooftop with village workshop beyond
Mashrabiyya opening in windows
Framed Lighting
Visionary Masterplan
Parcel A
Dorms
Parcel A
Techno Hub Bioswale Museum
Students Center Crafts Center
Functional Spaces
Bio retention Gardens
Parcel A
Green Roof
Rain Barrels``
Bioswale Permeable Pavements
Low Impact Development Techniques (LID)
Parcel A
Parcel B
Extension Bridge
Girls Dorms Boys Dorms
Parcel B Functional Spaces
Extension Bridge
Parcel B
Parcel C
Water Feature
Disability Center
Parcel C
Counseling Center
Functional Spaces
Learning Center
Sensory Garden
Sports for Special Needs
Parcel C
Parcel D
Solar Panels
Parcel D
Greenhouse
Biopond
Functional Spaces Research Center
Wind Turbines
Parcel D
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS
STUDENT CENTER Alia Ghoneim 900172578
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH
SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
CONTEXTUALLY DRIVEN
HISTORICALLY DRIVEN
central courts for natural ventilation
experiential movement in exhibit spaces like souq
USER ORIENTED DRIVEN
diverse options for occupying spaces differently
social spaces close to main entrance to welcome outsiders
similar functions overlooking one another
building tilted away from south direction
HOW outdoor exhibit central to reach everyone
privacy obtained within closed spaces for comfort
classes oriented towards bioswale
locating main functions towards prevailing wind
SOCIALLY DRIVEN
hidden bathrooms in a pocket like form
social spaces are mostly located at ground floor
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
bios wale
study rooms
classes
FIRST FLOOR PLAN - POTENTIAL
shops
exhibit spaces
bathrooms
virtual conference room
outdoor exhibition
labs
tech support
exhibit extension
bathrooms
ZONING
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
high tech shop
ROOF PLAN
bathrooms
bathrooms
Administration
Storage
outdoor learning spaces
PV Panels
green roof
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
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GARDENS SPINE
Spaces following this grid on campus
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GATE 2 STREET PATH
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SSE BUILDING
Watson house has one composition that follows this grid
the grid is implemented on buildings and landscapes on campus
WATSON HOUSE
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Spaces following this grid on campus NEW GATE STREET PATH
DORMS
MASTERPLAN GRIDS SECOND FLOOR PLAN
OVERLOOKS NORTH
GRIDS
WHY USE IT ?
DOMINANT GRID
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SITE PLAN BOUNDARIES ROOF PLAN
WHY USE IT ?
Minimizes South Exposure
central courtyard and exterior exhibit space is the largest in size like souq
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
CONNECTION OF SPACES
entering from an interior space and leaving from plaza and vice versa
FIRST PLANSPACES - POTENTIAL CUBICLE FORMAT OFFLOOR ACADEMIC
all academic spaces are overlooking a central social space
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
INSPIRATIONS
locating admin spaces and information desk to minimize conflict for outsiders
ROOF PLAN
ON-CAMPUS
FACILITIES AND SERVICES
tech support is more private thus located away from admin space beside labs
corner used to catch the eye of drivers coming from gate 2
classes tilted towards north direction and bioswale
PATHWAYS
narrow corridors and streets for circulation
central courtyard and exterior exhibit space is the largest in size like souq
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
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ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
COLLECTING WASTE PRODUCTS
LANDSCAPE
3 food waste from dorms residence
collecting brown substances from souq market place
collecting waste products and forming new packages
shredding of green substances
shredding of brown substances
combining both substances
green wastes from surrounding context landscape
RECYCLING WASTE MANAGEMENT
DESIGN
collecting the fertilizer for farming
collecting the fertilizer for bioswale plants
COLLECTING WASTE PRODUCTS
4 encouraging young generation to engage with the environment
generating economic and sustainable academic resources
REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS
Ventilation of Classrooms
making fragments in upper openings in walls will allow constant stack ventilation
Structural Efficiency
vaults are designed to carry rectangular geometries that exceed 6 metres in width
(using compressed earth blocks)
hot air rises allowing more cold air to come from lower openings
fragmenting dome ceilings in small openings allows daylight penetration and skylight effect
domes are designed to carry square geometries that exceed 6 metres in width
Key Plan
wooden slabs are designed to carry square geometries that are a maximum of 6 metres in width
staggered like geometry in first class encourages a lecture like experience that is formal.
Geometry of Classrooms
Arches are designed to act as fragmented walls to carry geometries and maintain the interior function of spces
second classrom has a ushape that allows informal exchange of awareness in class and more contributions
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third and forth classrooms are different sizes of workshops to work in teams
Sustainable Materials
Classrooms High density fiber core made of tightly condensed wood fiber.Dense floor gives flooring strength. Hardwood adds warm elegance and natural charm to the floors in your home—and Shaw hardwood adds lots of value, too. their eco-friendly option, engineered or solid hardwood having a timeless style that lasts forgenerations
Railings Bamboo
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Admin Space
Shaw carpets for offices and tech support. Carpets are recycled into new ones of high quality and sustainable for the environment.
NATURE OF FUNCTIONS IN FLOOR PLAN (Section Scale 1:200)
START
collecting and grinding green composite waste
collecting and grinding brown composite waste
Sustainable Landscape
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combining both green and brown materials to form a fertilizer from waste products.
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First class raises academic awareness on the history of recycling and how it could be improved
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The rest of the classes have hands on experience with the exterior landscape designated to collect waste products in bins
fertilizers are then used to be added in the natural bioswale or used to farm new plans in the western faces of the building
Rain barrels are implemented behind plumbing areas in building to make use of stormwater management or use it to aggrigate .
4 END
Central courtyard
classrooms overlooking activities
lounge inside classrooms
admin space
rooftop seating around atrium
atrium for daylight inside workshop
LIGHTING
ANALYSIS
BASE ANALYSIS-BEFORE
Ground Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
BASE ANALYSIS- AFTER
Ground Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
SOLAR ANALYSIS SOUTH/WEST PERSPECTIVE
BASE ANALYSIS-BEFORE
AIRFLOW ANALYSIS
FLOW VIEW
PLANE VIEW
ALIA GHONEIM-900172578
Color Coding
Wind Speed Analysis Usually above 23 Knots in prevailing wind direction N, NE, NW in Egypts climatic zone Usually varies between 9-11 Knots Indicates average wind speed Indicates the lowest wind speed of all between 0-3 Knots Indicates the below average wind speed of all between 6-9 Knots
SECTION BOX VIEW
central courtyard allows air to flow better in the interior spaces of the building that are not located at the corner of the facade