Transportation Hub In Saint Catharine The Heart of south Sinai
Transportation Hub In Saint Catharine October university for modern science and arts Faculty of ArchitectureengineeringdepartmentGraduationprojectIIGroupM5SupervisorsDr:OmarfawzyDr:tarekabdelsallamDr:IbrahimELDmaryTA:ShimaaGalalTA:LobnaAhmed Author: Ali ayman Mohamed Author id:180237
Abstract We were asked to investigate about the city that has lack of transportation or transportation problems. After researching about the different governorates and cities, we were mostly interested in Saint Catharine City in Saini Governorate, Egypt. We felt the need to solve the transportation problem in Sainte Catherine because it has a lot of touristic attractions like religious , leisure and medical tourism, as well as its strategic location in south Saini gouvernante. Moreover, the city has a lot of religious places like Saint Catherine's monastery and the Mountain of Moses, in addition to leisure tourism like hiking, sandboarding, and camping and also medical tourism because it has a lot of herps that help to heal a lot of diseases. We were also encouraged to choose Saint Catherine according to government plans to develop Saint Catherine by constructing a lot of facilities like resorts and residential buildings to prevent Saint Catherine from losing its identity and history. This will encourage people especially tourists to visit Saint Catherine, so we did research and settled on a transportation hub that contains a bus terminal and an airport. The airport will connect all Egyptian cities with Saint Catherine and connect all South Saina cities with Saint Catherine by buses. This will revive Saint Catharine again as an important touristic place.
3
44 Table of contents
3.1 Construction systems 3.2 Material 3.3 Wall Section 5 01 Introduction 1.1 Why saint Catharine 1.2 Saint Catharine historic timeline 1.3 Landmark map 1.4 City image/visual analysis 1.5 Studies 1.6 Common problem 1.7 Problem Statement 1.8 Target group 1.9 1.121.111.10MissionsObjectivesUrbananalysisSiteanalysis 1.13 Swot analysis 1.14 Program 02 Design approach 2.1 Inspiration 2.2 Missions& objectives 2.3 Case studies 2.4 Concept development 2.5 Plan development 2.6 Masses development 2.7 Project development 2.8 Final proposal 03 Construction 7-26 9 10 1110-1516-192020 21 212122232425-26 27-69 2828-2929-3738-39393940-5455-69 70-73 71 71-73 73
6.1 Social sustainability 6.2 Economic sustainability 6.3 Environmental sustainability 5.1 Environmental strategies 5.2 Lighting 5.3 Thermal performance 5.4 Ventilation 05 Environmental 07 Bibliography 06 Sustainability 80-82 82818182 83-85 848484-85 86-94 87-93947.1 List of figures 7.2 References 6 04 Structure 4.1 Waffle slab structure 4.2 Space truss 4.3 truss 4.4 Structural Glazing 4.5 Structural drawing 4.6 Expansion joint 74-79 7576777878-7979
77 01 Introduction Chapter I
for its huge mountains like saint Catharine and Mousa mountains and also for its religious monuments such as saint Catharine monastery and it contains a lot of activities like safari and hiking Fig(1.1) Egypt Map, data (africanworldheritagesites),illustratedSource by (authors,2022) Fig(1.2) Egypt Map, data (africanworldheritagesites),illustratedSource by (authors,2022) Fig(1.3) Egypt Map, data (africanworldheritagesites),illustratedSource by (authors,2022) Fig(1.4) Egypt Map, data Source (lalineadelhorizonte) 1.0 introduction
Introduction The Heart of South Sinai Egypt has a lot of touristic places.one of them is Saint Catharine city .a its located in the middle of South Saini governate with an area of 5130 km2 and located 1,586 meters above sea level and is 120 kilometers away from Nuweiba and approximately 450 km far from Cairo , about 200km from Dahab on the eastern coast and 300km from the Suez Canal on the upper western Itscoast.famous
The residents need of transportation utilities, as well as jobs opportunities thus will lead to Flourished economy. Community & Residence
Fig(1.1.2) Buildings, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
Fig(1.1.5) Location, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
1.1 Why Saint Catharine?
1 2 3 4 5
Introduction The Heart of South Sinai Contribute to assisting the state in achieving future plans in developing Saint Catherine Airport 2030 Plans of the governments
Fig(1.1.4) Community, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
Fig(1.1.3) Social, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
Landmarks
Religious areas as tourists come from different areas to visit the Monastery and Mousa Mountain
Fig(1.1.1) Govermental, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
The government is working to rehabilitate Saint Catherine Airport , so a transit hub there will be quite beneficial. Its location in the middle of Sinai, which is accessible even from the international terms. Location / Accessibility
The lounge can be installed easily as the airport is already built and the zones help us to identify where can we build the transportation Flexibility
10
Introduction The Heart of South
Modern township Saint Catherine’s Monastery was the start of the city, Located at the foot of Mount Sinai . It was constructed by order of Emperor Justinian between 527 and 565 the Egyptian pharaohs built the way of Shur across Sinai to Beersheba and on to Jerusalem They include temples from the 12th Dynasty dedicated to Hathor, goddess of love, music and beauty, and the New Kingdom dedicated to Sopdu, the god of the Eastern Desert. Saint Catherine City is one of the newest townships in Egypt. Several schools include a high school, a hospital, police and fire brigade, a range of hotels, a post office, telephone center, bank, and other essential establishments 1.3 Landmark map
Pharaonic era Roman Byzantineandera
Fig(1.2.3) Saint Catharine,data Source (South Sinai goverment) Fig(1.2.2) Saint Cathrine monastry, data Source (Time) Fig(1.2.1) Egypt architecure,data Source (thedesigngesture)
Fig(1.3.1) Landmarks Saint Catharine, data Source (Time),illustrated by(authors,2022) All monuments are represented in mountains and monasteries Sinai Catharine historic timeline
1.2 Saint
1.4.1 Skyline Introduction The Heart of South Sinai 11 1.4 City image/visual analysis
The Skyline of Saint Catherine is diversified due to the contour of the area, and variety of heights between one and two stories. Skyline Scenes overlooking the desert and plants.
Fig(1.4.1) Saint Cathrine Skyline, data Source (Authors, 2022),illustrated by(authors,2022) Fig(1.4.2) Saint Cathrine Skyline, data Source (Authors, 2022),illustrated by(authors,2022)
St. Catherine is famous for its building material that they use stone that brought from St. Catherine mountain, this is shown in most of St Catherine houses, they also use shading device for their windows, roofs, and entrances, recently they use concrete as a building material as shown in wadi moqads mosque 1.4.2 Elevation Fig(1.4.2.1), Saint Catherine residents , data source (st katherine.net, 2019), Illustrated by (Authors,2022) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 76 1 Small Openings Roof Shading Device RoundArches GraniteDome Wall RoundArch Door Door Shading Device8 8 Columns Fig(1.4.2.3), Saint Catherineresidents , data source (st katherine.net, 2019), Illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig(1.4.2.2) saint Catharine monastry, data Source (planetware),illustrated by(Authors,2022) Introduction The Heart of South Sinai 12 1.4 City image/visual analysis
13 Fig(1.4.2.4), Saint Catherineresidents , data source (dreamstime) ), Illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig(1.4.2.6), Saint Catherinemosques, data source (africanworldheritagesites) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig(1.4.2.5), Saint Catherineresidents , data source (dreamstime) ), Illustrated by (Authors,2022) 9 10 12 13 9 10 Round MinaretWindowArchesPointedArch Window EntranceColumnsShading Wooden Window11 12 13 13 11 12 14 1415 15 1.4 City image/visual analysis 1.4.2 Elevation Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
Fig(1.4.3.1), Saint Catherineroad , data source ( katherine.net, 2019) , Illustrated by (Authors,202 • Bedouin house • St. Catherine mountain Fig(1.4.3.2), Saint Catherinevisual image, data source (sinaimonastery) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022) • Mountain • St. MonasteryCatherine • fortripsEntertainmentwithcamelstourist • Religious Tourism 1.4 City image/visual analysis 1.4.3 Street views Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
1.4 City image/visual analysis
Fig(1.4.4.5), Residence home, Data source (acadmia), Illustrated by (Authors,2022) Sinai
• Lime plaster does not need painting as desired natural pigment can be added to its the last layer As a result, it is more lasting (more integrated, hence permanent color) and cost effective (eliminating painting cost item).
Introduction The Heart of South
1.4.5 Materials
• Separating buildings there is no units but a bit
Fig(1.4.4.2), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
1.4.4Architecture features
• Using shading advices by recessing openings.
• Natural uneven rocks have traditionally been used as flooring. When compared to ceramics and/or terrazzo tile, this method is no longer used by Bedouins since it is more expensive in terms of materials and labor. Separating buildings there is no units.
Fig(1.4.4.1), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Lime plastering is a method of applying lime to a wall . Natural and heal their when done according to codes , techniques , and crafts man ship norms . It allow swalls to'breathe’ Lime as abider has low environmental impact due to its complete life cycle
Fig(1.4.4.3), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• There is no high buildings, the buildings there with one or two and maybe 3 stories
• Small openings (windows) which using arches is very common there and grilled windows.
• Simple façade with simple design of openings and shading devices with simple materials.
.
Fig(1.4.4.4), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Wood roofing outperforms concrete roofing in terms of environmental performance in both hot, bright summers and cold, wet winters.
Fig(1.5.1.4), Walls, Data source (academia), Illustrated by (Authors,2022) Studies 1.5.1 Environmental Studies Heart of South Sinai
• The sunny, pleasant weather outside inspires experts to harness solar heat in a variety of applications to improve environmental efficiency.
Foundation:
• Because the terrain in St Catherine is typically rocky and sturdy, foundations are safe to sustain one level of bearing wall construction with 70 cm ground depth.
Roofing
Introduction The
Fig(1.5.1.3)Foundation,Data source (academia),Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• To defend against flood erosion, mud brick walls were erected on top of a substantial stone wall.
• Using cement blocks, however, is environmentally damaging
• Dry stone walls are very popular.
• Reeds provide the finest environmental performance as a breathing ceiling, particularly in the summer
Fig(1.5.1.1), Environmental Analysis, Data source (academia), Illustrated by (Authors,2021)
1.5.2 Structure Studies
• They used to construct in valleys, facing south for pleasant sunny directions on elevated areas, with boulders and stones held together with clay mortar.
Fig(1.5.1.5), Roofing, Data source (academia)Illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig(1.5.1.2),Wood Roofing, Data source (academia)Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
1.5
• Pitched roofs are used in several of the older structures along Wadi Ferin.
• Land in non rocky/sandy locations is usually composed of tafla (clay), which must be replaced with a clean and smooth layer of sand at least 60 cm thick Walls • Walls were built using natural stones
Fig(1.5.3.1),residential building, Data Source (maadicontracting),illustrated by Fig(1.5.3.2),(authors,2020)Mosamountain,Data Source (PhotoDirectLink,2019),illustrated by (authors,2020)
Fig(1.5.3.3),saint Catherinehospital, Data Source (hioportsaid,2014),illustrated by (authors,2020)
• Buildings not more than 7 meters high • the bricks are covered with mountain rocks which was taken from the mountains of saint Catharine • The construction percentage at the airport does not exceed 20% • The construction percentage in residential area does not exceed 60% • 15% of the allowable building facade protrusions overlooking highways and courtyards • 5% percent of the staircase's perceived length • 5% of the dimensions of rooms, bathrooms, and kitchens, provided that the total area available is at least 95% of the total area required. • When measuring the dimensions and surfaces of all types of courtyards, a 15% tolerance should be taken into account. • If the number of permissible floors does not rise, there is a 10% tolerance when measuring the maximum authorized heights. • If the growth in built-up area does not exceed 5% of the permissible building area and the violation of civic responsibility regulations continues, a 10% tolerance will be taken into consideration when measuring the responses of the buildings.
1.5 Studies 1.5.3 Regulation Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
The test of an educational system is literacy rates among teenagers and adults . Least developed countries have the lowest literacy rates; unfortunately, Saint Catherine is one of them, with a literacy rate of 35 2% To tackle this problem, a strong educational system is required .Youths frequently drop out of school before graduation for a variety of reasons, including a lack of continuity between what they study and the employment field owing to educational system shortages They also believe that learning a craft or working on a project is a better investment than Theeducationeducated level for both genders is 15.7 % for males and 13.6 % for females, which is extremely low when compared to other developed areas for countries. In Theconclusion:mainreason for literacy is poverty, which is the most important factor because poor families do not educate their children . They believe that teaching them a craft in a workshop will provide them with income rather than education.
1.5 Studies 1.5.4 Educational studies Introduction The Heart of South Sinai Fig (1.5.5.3), Work force,( Pngwing ), illustrated by (authors,2022)
1.5.5 Workforce studies Employees account for 55 % of the resident population, which is a high proportion and a continuation of the school system's failure These people may have their own workshops and stores The majority of people work in tourism as tour guides or in hotels and construction . Employees' ages .Almost a third of the workforce is between the ages of 12 and 25. Since this age is regarded the young age and the seed of the community, a big percentage should be studying and not working by this age 40 % of workers are over the age of 25 Ratio for educated males Ratio for educated females 15.7% 13.6% 55% Ofareresidentsemployee Fig(1.5.4.1) , Saint Catherine school,( elwatannews ), illustrated by (authors,2022) Fig (1.5.5.2), Workforce t,( elwatannews ), illustrated by (authors,2022)
Fig(1.5.6.3), Saint Catherinetransportation , data source (Saintcathrinegov), illustrated by (authors,2022) Fig(1.5.6.4), Saint Catherineresidential home, data source (st katherine.net, 2019), illustrated by (authors,2022)
A real problem is that the citizens of Saint Catherine’s tourist city suffer from, from the scarcity of public transportation to move between the cities of South Sinai or to Cairo and the rest of the governorates of the Republic, where many tourists come to enjoy the religious and historical tourism attractions.
Fig(1.5.6.1), Saint Catherine, data source (Tour), illustrated by (authors,2022) Fig(1.5.6.2), Saint Catherinetransportation , data source (st katherine.net, 2019), illustrated by (authors,2022)
The main transportation system in Saint Catherine is the Minibus as the passenger or the residents call the drivers in order to reach their destination and then they drop them off to the required stop .The local people use camel as a way of transportation but only in order to reach their homes .
1.5 Studies 1.5.6 Transportation studies Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
• Lack of services (health and social).The absence of any recreational services there, although it is important for tourism. (Ayman Mohamed,2020 )
• The city of Saint Catherine is considered one of the important areas for tourism, as there are no hotels suitable for living there.
• St. Catherine's city is away from the governorates of Egypt, especially the Cairo governorate.
• The wadi ferran road that lead to saint Catherine is closed after 4 in the afternoon , so that people cant reach to the city at night (hany alasmr,2015) Fig(1.6.1) Saint Catharine,data Source (Wikibedia) , illustrated by (authors,2022)
As Saint Catherine's is far away from the governorates of Egypt, because there are no direct means of transportation to reach it, and the city is used in the winter season only for the purpose of tourism and the lack of transportation Regarding the directions of the government, there is a project called (altagli_alazam) for the development of St. Catherine, which includes (construction of hotels urban development of St. Catherine development of St. Catherine Airport) and the development of Taba and Nuweiba and Wadi Sal roads Fig(1.6.4) Topography of saint Catharine,data Source (Climate Consultant , 2021),, illustrated by (authors,2022) 1.6 Common problem 1.7 Problem Statement Heart of South Sinai
• The deterioration of the condition of Saint Catherine Airport and the suspension of foreign departures, which led to the deterioration of tourism.
Fig(1.6.3) Private transportation in saint Catharine, data Source (yooumelsabba) , illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Topography of the land which will lead to many problems as the passengers will have difficulty to reach the place
Introduction The
• There is no public transportation ,the only means of transportation available are private minibuses, camels and boxcars, there is no other way to get around
• Exploiting the city of Saint Catherine in the winter only as tourism and leaving it for the rest of the year.
Fig(1.6.2) Private transportation in saint Catharine,data Source (Saintcathrinegov) , illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Increase the services for habitants and tourists
Tourism Tourism from everywhere in Egypt, especially Cairo, due to the difficulty of accessing St. Catherine
There is no means of transportation for the residents also because of the distance of the city and the lack of services.
Residents of the place
• From the hub to naiwbaa by busses
• Make the traveling from Cairo or another cities to St Catherine
• From nawibaa by steamboat to Saudi Arabia and the Gulf countries
• Provide more job opportunities for st. Catherine's habitants
• Flourish the urban development in Saint Catherine
This project aims to make a connection between Saint Catherine and rest of cities by a well thought out transportation network that works in conjunction with the state's plan to develop Saint Catherine 1.9
1.10MissionsObjectives Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
Tourism has decreased, so there are fewer sources of income for workers and Bedouins.
• Provide transportation for st Catherine from multiple areas
• Ease of receiving travelers from Nuweiba and delivering them to the required areas.
International Travelers to Saudi Arabia due to the Umrah and Hajj season and the Gulf countries:
1.8 Target group
• Improve the tourism in st. Catherine
Introduction Heart of South FigureSinai (1.11.1.1) Building Condition map, source by (Google earth) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
1.11.3 Land Use Map
1.11 Urban analysis
As shown in figure (5.6), There is one main road that goes around St. Catherine, and many secondary and mountainous streets branch off from it. As shown in figure (5.5), and according to our visit to the site, the architectural character of St. Catherine was revealed. One of the most important features of this character is the heights of the buildings that do not exceed two floors, except in religious and service buildings.
1.11.4 Street Hierarchy Map Secondary Street Main Street 70% 30% Fig (1.11.1.4),street hierarchy map, data source (Google earth) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
As shown in figure (5 4) 70% residential buildings, a small number of hotels, tourist villages, and a lack of service and educational buildings 670% 10% 213% % 5%
1.11.1 Building Condition Map As shown in figure (5 1), 60% of the buildings are in good to Moderate condition as a result of the interest in building with stones and wood to suit the nature of the place and to preserve its identity.
21GROUND2LEVEL4LEVEL 60% 20% 20% Fig (1.11.1.2),building height map, data source (Google earth) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
1.11.2 Building Height Map
The
GoodModeratePoor 60% 30% 10%
EntertainmentMixedUseCommercialResidentialReligiousFig (1.11.1.3),land use map , data source (Google earth) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
All the surroundings off the buildings are consists of one floor except the airport and port / harbor security service. The map shows that most of the buildings are corrupted and average except the airport and the harbor security service is considered to be in a good conditions. The surrounding context of the airport is mainly utilities buildings in addition to commercial and residential buildings which is identified on the map.
The map illustrates the decrease of the number of buildings compared to the void 1.12 Site analysis 1.12.1 Site Location 1.12.2 Building conditions map 1.12.3 Building use map 1.12.4 Solid and void map 1.12.5 Building height map Fig (1.12.1.3),building use, data source (Authors) Fig (1.12.1.1),building height map, data source (Authors) Fig (1.12.1.2),building Conditions, data source (Authors) Fig (1.12.1.4),building solid and void, data source (Authors) Fig (1.12.1.5),building height map, data source (Authors)
Due to the analysis we did, we figure out that it's the suitable location for our project, in order that there is no service road on southern side, there is a road on western side that obstacle our site, and in the eastern side there is a runway of the planes. Site area 30080
Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
1.13 Swot analysis Introduction The Heart of South Sinai
3 : Negligence of officials in the region Fig (1.13.1),Swot map, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Conclusion The location has an attraction point according to our historical destinations which will lead to increase the tourism rate , however it has some weakness points as the lack of security which will threat our project .
1 : St Catherine is has its strong heritage potential and identity 2: existence of the historical buildings such as (monetary of St 3Catharine:StCatharine is famous for religious tourism for all religions
5 : The largest nature reserve in the world 6: secure area 1: No electricity network 2: No direct transportation 3 : No services . 1 : the transportation hub can also be the new landmark 2: Urban and economic development in the regional 1 : Constant neglect of historical territory will result in the loss of the city's distinct identity 2: lack of lighting units in the area.
1.14 Program Introduction The Heart of South Sinai Table (1.14.1),Program, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
1.14 Program Introduction The Heart of South Sinai Table (1.14.2),Program, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
27 02 Design approach Chapter Il
2.2 Missions & objectives Saint Catharine has a unique nature and a lot of mountains and also religious places because of that its can be the most touristic attraction in Egypt The mission can be achieved by designing a transportation hub which helps Saint Catharine to connect with other places in Egypt as a touristic attraction , through the architecture design to be in harmony with the surrounding environment with modern technology.
Folded roof design Fig (2.1.1), Graduationproject, data source (Behance) Fig (2.1.3), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) Fig (2.1.2), louis vuitton, data source (arquitecturaviva)
inspiredshapedDiamondpatternsfrom saint Catharine clothes Fig (2.1.4), Zigzag architecure, data source (blog.tkelevator) Missions
Inspiration skylineMountain
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.1
Louis frankBuildingVuittonbygehry
Enhance
The
Enhance
indirectly Increase awareness
Design
• Transforming light and green become crucial natural guidelines as part of our human centric strategy.
2.3.1Airport East Integrated Hub, International Architect: UNStudio,Atkins Location: Shenzhen, China Year: 2020 Area: 340,240 sq.m.
The hub design opens the front of the building to the city, and creates a dialogue between the internal and external spaces.
Create
2.3.1.2 Goals • Seeks to develop a new urban gateway for the city of Shenzhen
Fig(2.3.1.3), concept, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)Fig(2.3.1.14),concept, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
2.3.1.1 Introduction
Objectives 2.2 Missions & objectives 2.3
Fig(2.3.1.1), 3d view, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021) Fig(2.3.1.2), 3d view, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
Marketing
• The design intends to maximize greenery by bringing the landscape inside and using it as a guiding feature approach Heart of South Sinai touristic destination to attract and increase tourism and improve the urban development in Saint Catherine economy and labor workforce locally and globally about Saint Catharine historical Value of unique and rare medicinal herbs case study
2.3.1.3 Concept • Used the lamella feather & wings to shape the building.
Fig(2.3.1.4),
3d Zoning, data source (Authors,2021) 2.3.1.6 Plan 2.3 case study
Fig(2.3.1.5),
contextual layout, data source (google maps), illustrated by (Authors,2021) 2.3.1.5 Masses and form Main plaza, waiting area, tickets area, halls Metro Undergroundline transport Roof module HSR Main plazaAPMMetro / ICR Buses / RestaurantTaxies&waiting areaPlanes Fig(2.3.1.6), layout Zoning, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai Keys: SurroundingsMainEntrancesSiteroads It has many airports and companies, including the Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport, Shenzhen BaoAn Airport Terminal 3 and FedEx company 2.3.1.4 Site constraints
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3.1.7 Site constraints 2.3.1.8 Structure The designer used for the Roof the BIPV solar cell in shape of lamella feather to provide solar energy for the project, double layered glazing to reflected sun heat and permit shortwave radiation transmitted through glass, used cladding frame in shape of honeycomb supported by honeycomb pyramid structure (space trusses) BIPV Feather Module Double GlazingLayeredHoneycombCladding Frame Honeycomb Pyramid Structure 7654321 7654321 Metal paneling roof Lamella HoneycombHoneycombfeatherframetriangular pyramid space truss system Metal paneling roof steel structure Lamella sun shading canopy Glass façade Fig(2.3.1.8), Section for structure, data source (Unstudio,2020),illustrated by (Authors,2021) 8 2.3.1.9 Elevations Fig(2.3.1.9), Main façade,data source (Un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
Fig(2.3.1.7),
Circulation,data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021) 2.3 case study
• Flexibility
2.3.1.11 Design
The project has been planned for operating efficiently and for future flexibility, with the ability to accept future changes in transportation and space usage. Fig(2.3.1.12 ),illustrated by (Authors,2021) Fig(2.3.1.13),Flexibility, data source (un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021) case study
2.3
•
HSR terminal Metro line Main plaza Terminal Arrival hall Baggage reclaim Airport check in Fig(2.3.1.11),Section façade,data source (un studio,2020),illustrated by (Authors,2021)
The central plaza is the result of the primary vertical circulation splitting between the two main levels.
areaWstructureRoofaiting Underground terminal Fig(2.3.1.10),Axonometric diagram, data source (un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021) issues Circulation
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3.1.10 Section
2.3
2.3.2.3 Goals Reduce the aircraft ground taxiing collision probability , Increase the airbridge usage , reduce the related operating costs, And improve the passenger travel experience. Use AI Enabledal location mechanisms to reduce strong dependence on allocation staff’s personal allocation experience, minimize the manual workload.
The concept of the plan for of Shenzen Bao’an international airport evokes the image of a manta ray, a fish that breathes and changes its own shape, undergoes variations, turns into a bird to celebrate the emotion and fantasy of a flight.
Yearof completion:2013
2.3.2.2 introduction
Shenzhen Airport is ambitious to build an advanced and efficient "air, land, marine, and rail". the Airport East Hub will integrate various modes of transport, such as aviation, high speed railway, intercity railway, urban rail transit, bus, taxis and car, etc.
The symbolic element of the plan is the internal and external double “skin” honeycomb motif that wraps up the structure. Through its double layering, the “skin” allows natural light in Fig(2.3.2.2),shanzhen bao’aninternationalairport concept, data source (Shenzhen airport), illustratedby (authors, 2021)
Fig(2.3.2.4), structuresystem Shenzhen bao’aninternational airport, datasource (arch daily) ,illustratedby (authors 2021) case study
Fig(2.3.2.1),shanzhen bao’aninternationalairport, data source(Shenzhen airport),illustratedby (authors,2021)
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3.2 Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport, International Designer: Massimiliano and Doriana Fuksas
2.3.2.4 Structure
2.3.2.1 Concept
Fig(2.3.2.3),Shenzhenbao’aninternational airport, datasource(archdaily) ,illustrated by (authors2021)
Location: Bao an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Area: 175,000 square metres
Fig(2.3.2.5),ShenzhenBao'anInternational Airport,datasource(google earth),illustratedby (authors 2021) Ground Floor Plan Fig(2.3.2.6), AirportGroundPlan, data source (Shenzhen airport),illustratedby (authors 2021)
2.3 case study
2.3.2.6 Plans
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3.2.5 Layoutanalysis
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3.2.7 First Floor Fig(2.3.2.7),Airport First Plan, datasource(Shenzhen airport),illustratedby (authors2021) The connection between the airport and busstation Fig(2.3.2.8),Connection between airportand station, datasource(Shenzhen airport),Illustrated by (authors2021) LevelLevel12 Check in Check in 2.3 case study
Level 4:departures for domestic & internationalLevel3:waiting lounge for domestic immigration, and Levelgates 2: VIP lounges, and shops & restaurants Level B1: subway station (Metro Line 11
Fig(2.3.2.9),Connection between airportanastation,datasource(Shenzhen airport),Illustrated by (authors2021) The connection between the airport and busstation
2.3.2.9 Elevation
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3.2.8 First FloorPlan
Level 1: long distance buses and escalators to Level 2
Fig(2.3.2.10),AirportsPlans, datasource(Shenzhen airport), Illustratedby (authors2021) case study
2.3
Fig(2.3.2.11),AirportsPlans, datasource(wikiwand),Illustratedby (authors2021)
Section
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.3 case study 2.3.2.10
Section Fig(2.3.2.12)section of interiorShenzhen airport,data source(wiki wand), illustratedby (authors2021) Fig(2.3.2.13)section of Shenzhenairport,data source (wiki wand), illustrated by(authors2021)
Mountain skyline Fig (2.4.2.1), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) Fig (2.4.2.2), Mountain 3d, data source (Authors) Fig (2.4.2.3), ), Mountain 3d, data source (Authors)Fig (2.4.1.2), sand dunes Elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.4.1.4), sand dunes , data source (pngitem)
Mountains This transportation hub considered to be the gates of the city so it should express the visual language of the city so it must be in harmony with the mountain skyline as they appear in the background because it’s the most touristic attraction point
2.4.1 Concept 1 Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.4 Concepts developments 2.4.2 Concept 2 San Dunes are found in the desert of saint cathine a lot and it has a special Smooth Form and curved form and intersecting ability which represents motion , Dynamic and Mobility Dynamic masses Fig (2.4.1.1), sand dunes 3d, data source (Authors) Fig (2.4.1.3), sand dunes 3d, data source (Authors) In harmony with sand dunes
Design approach The Heart of South Sinai 2.4 Concepts developments 2.4.3 Concept 3 The main Concept was Taken From the Idea of Sloping and leveling which was Achieved in the Surrounding, As people walking through the main road they can feel and notice the sense of slope in each few steps while passing through Not only in The surrounding site but also in All saint Catherine . Creating Sloped Roof will be beneficial in terms of Environmental Aspect as more exposers to Sunlight integrationRepresents levelingRepresents 2.5 Plan developments
First form Second form Third form Final form
First form Third form Final form Fig (2.6.1), First Form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.6.2), Second form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.6.4), Final form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.6.3), third form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.5.1), Plan development, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
2.6 Masses development
Fig (2.4.3.2), integration sketch, data source (Authors) Fig (2.4.3.1), Integration sketch, data source (Authors)
Technological studies Jury 1
SwotAnalysis
Concept 1 San Dunes are found in the desert of saint cathine a lot and it has a special Smooth Form and curved form and intersecting ability and Mobility Fig (2.7.10),Sand dunes, data source (Pngitem) , illustrated by (Authors,2021)Fig (2.7.5), 3d sketch, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.6), Elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.8), Schematicsection, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.9), Schematicplan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2021) Double skin facade is a building structure that consists of two skins, or facades, that are arranged in such a way that air flows between them. Fig (2.7.11),Double skin facade,data source magazine)(building
3D
Solid and void map Building Heights map
Schematic Section Elevation Schematic plan 3D Fig (2.7.4), building use, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.2), building height map, data source (Authors)Fig (2.7.1), building Conditions, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.3), building solid and void, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.12),swot analysis, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.7), 3d, data source (Authors)
Building conditions map Building use map
Jury 1 The Heart of South Sinai 2.7 Project development
Jury 1 The Heart of South Sinai
Concept 3 Fig (2.7.18),3d, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.19),3d, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.20),Schematic plan , data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2021) the double Facade system where the first layer from outside to inside is an eco friendly shell. Fig (2.7.21),Double façadesystem, data source (Research gate)
Fig (2.7.13),3d, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.15), Schematic Section , data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.16),Schematic plan , data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.14),3d, data source (Authors)
The main Concept was Taken From the Idea of Sloping and leveling which was Achieved in the Surrounding, As people walking through the main road they can feel and notice the sense of slope
3D Schematic plan 3D 3D Schematic Section Schematic plan 3D Fig (2.7.37)Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.17),Cool roofs, data source (newscenter)
Technological studies
2.7 Project development Concept Mountains2 This transportation hub considered to be the gates of the city so it should express the visual language of the city so it must be in harmony with the mountain skyline as they appear in the background because it’s the most touristic attraction point
Cool Roofs
Acool roof is meant to reflect more sunlight than traditional roof, Technological studies
Fig (2.7.23),building height map, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.22),building Conditions, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.24),building solid and void, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.27),Master plan, data source (Authors)
Solid and void map Building Heights map Fig (2.7.25),building use, data source (Authors)
Fig (2.7.26),swot analysis, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 2 The Heart of South Sinai
Ground Floor
Jury 2
SwotAnalysisBuilding conditions map Building use map
2.7 Project development Jury 2 The Heart of South Sinai First Floor Site information Layout Fig (2.7.29),Layout, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.28),First floor plan, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 2 The Heart of South Sinai Section3D ElevationA-A Fig (2.7.31),3d, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.30),Elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.32),Section, data source (Authors)
Solid and void map Building Heights map Fig (2.7.36),building use, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.34),building height map, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.33),building Conditions, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.35),building solid and void, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.39),Swot analysis, data source (Authors)
SwotAnalysisBuilding conditions map Building use map
Ground FloorFig (2.7.40),Master plan, data source (Authors)
Jury 3 2.7 Project development Jury 3 The Heart of South Sinai
2.7 Project development Jury 3 The Heart of South Sinai First SectionSectionFloorAAB-B Fig (2.7.41),First floor, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.42),Section A A, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.43),Section B B, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 3 The Heart of South Sinai Elevation Structure system Space Truss For The building Pipe Truss For the platform Layout Section C C Elevation Fig (2.7.44),Section c c, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.47),Layout, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.48),Elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.49),Elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.46),Pipe truss, data source (pilkington) Fig (2.7.45),Space truss, data source (pilkington)
2.7 Project development Jury 3 The Heart of South Sinai 3D Fig (2.7.50),3d, data source (Authors)
Jury 4 2.7 Project development Jury 4The Heart of South Sinai
• Self cleaning glass A nanometer scale coating of titanium dioxide on the outer surface of glass introduces two mechanisms which lead to the self-cleaning property.
Space truss first floor Truss for platform Structure System Mountain skyline
Building conditions map Building use map
daylight Technological studies
Concept This transportation hub considered to be the gates of the city so it should express the visual language of the city so it must be in harmony with the mountains and its cracks and sharp edges which appears in the background of the airport which also represents the harness nature and history of saint WaffleCatharine.slab for ground floor
SwotAnalysis
Solid and void map Building Heights map Fig (2.7.54),building use, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.53),building height map, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.52),building Conditions, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.51),building solid and void, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.56),Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.7.57),operable skin, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.7.61),Self cleaning glass, data source (pilkington)Fig (2.7.60),truss, data source (pilkington) Fig (2.7.59),Space truss, data source (pilkington) Fig (2.7.58),Waffles slab, data source (pilkington) Fig (2.7.55),Swot analysis, data source (Authors)
• Low tech operable skin In order to have better control over the climatic condition of indoor environment . the skin closes when the building have enough daylight . the skin opens when the building need
2.7 Project development Jury 4The Heart of South Sinai
Ground Floor Front Elevation Side Elevation Fig (2.7.62),plan, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.63),Front elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.64),Side elevation, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 4The Heart of South Sinai Section A A Section B-B First FloorFig (2.7.65),First floor plan, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.66),Section A A, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.67),Section B B, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 4The Heart of South Sinai Layout Wall section A A Wall section B B Details Fig (2.7.68),Layout, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.70),Wall sections, data source (Authors) Fig (2.7.69),Details, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 4The Heart of South Sinai 3D Fig (2.7.71),3d, data source (Authors)
2.7 Project development Jury 4The Heart of South Sinai 3D Fig (2.7.72),3d, data source (Authors)
Development
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai Concept
Climatic analysis
Fig (2.8.3), Climatic analyis, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
This transportation hub considered to be the gates of the city so it should express the visual language of the city so it must be in harmony with the mountains and its cracks and sharp edges which appears in the background of the airport which also represents the harness nature and history of saint Catharine.Mountain skyline Building skyline
Fig (2.8.4), Development, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Fig (2.8.1), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.8.2), building Skyline, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai 2.8 Final proposal Project description Our Project is Transportation hub that include bus terminal that serves local Residents to reach airport and Nuweiba and Airport that helps people to connect with other cities easily that works in conjunction with the state’s plan to develop Saint Catherine and serves not only the residents and tourist in Egypt but also Travelers From Saudi Arabia. Site information Fig ( ), building use, data source (Authors)Fig (2.8.10),building Conditions, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.7), building solid and void, data source (Authors)(Authors) Building conditions map Solid and void mapBuilding Heights map
Fig (2.8.6), Site information, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.8.12),Structural analysis, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Site information
Structure analysis
Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai 2.8 Final proposal
Handicap ramps Fig (2.8.11),Handicapped facilities, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.8.5), Zoning, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai 2.8 Final proposal
Handicapped facilities
Ground Floor Layout 2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai Physical Model Fig (2.8.13),Master plan, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.14),Layout, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.15),Physical model, data source (Authors)
A nanometer-scale coating of titanium dioxide on the outer surface of glass introduces two mechanisms which lead to the self-cleaning property.
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of SouthFigSinai(2.8.20),
Front elevation , data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.16),Side elevation, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.17),Section A A, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.18),Section B B, data source (Authors) Technical analysis
Self cleaning glass
Fig (2.8.22),Site machine,data source (Pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (2.8.21),Self cleaning glass, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Sita technology self boarding machine which helps passengers to receive their boarding tickets without dealing with any employee especially in corona situation.
Front elevation SideSectionSectionelevationA-ABB
Fig (2.8.19),
Environmental studies , data source (Authors)
Fig (2.8.23),
Fig (2.8.25),
Operable skin, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Details, data source (Authors)
Technical analysis Details 2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai Low tech operable skin In order to have better control over the climatic condition of indoor environment . the skin closes when the building have enough daylight the skin opens when the building need daylight.
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai Fig (2.8.24),Wall section W1, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
3d shots Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai 2.8 Final proposal Fig (2.8.26),3d, data source (Authors)
3d shots Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai 2.8 Final proposal Fig (2.8.27),3d, data source (Authors)
3d shots Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai 2.8 Final proposal Fig (2.8.28),3d, data source (Authors)
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai FirstSecondPanelPanel Final Poster Fig (2.8.30),Second Panel, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.29),First Panel, data source (Authors)
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai ThirdForthPanelPanel Final Poster Fig (2.8.32),Forth panel, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.31),Third panel, data source (Authors)
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai FifthSixthPanelPanel Final Poster Fig (2.8.34),Sixth panel, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.33),Fifth panel, data source (Authors)
2.8 Final proposal Final proposal The Heart of South Sinai Seventh Panel Eighth Panel Final Poster Fig (2.8.36),Eighth panel, data source (Authors) Fig (2.8.35),Seventh Panel, data source (Authors)
70 03 Construction Chapter III
Construction The Heart of South Sinai
Fig (3.1.1.1), Waffle slab, data source (Structurepoint) Fig (3.1.2.1), Space truss, data source (pngwing) Fig (3.1.3.1), truss, data source (Pngwing) Fig (3.2.1.1), Layout, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Waffle slap Space truss Truss
3.1.3 Truss construction A truss gives a stable form capable of supporting considerable external load over a large span with the component parts stressed primarily in axial tension or compression. The individual pieces intersect at truss joints, or panel points.
Space trusses are structural systems, generally made of tubes, used worldwide because of their advantages in covering long span roofs In addition to having a low cost, the truss weight is relatively reduced. The load capacity of these structures depends also on the strength of their node connection.
3.2 Material 3.2.1Aluminum roofing aluminum is the strongest and most lightweight roofing material available. Compared to other metals used for roofing, aluminum has a greater strength to weight ratio. An aluminum roof has a long lifespan and requires little maintenance.
3.1.2 Space truss construction
3.1.1 Waffle slab construction precast waffle slab, slab panels are casted somewhere and they are joined together with proper reinforcement and concrete is filled Waffle slabs are used for larger span slabs or floors and used when there is limited requirement for number of columns. The load carrying capacity of waffle slab is greater than the other types of slabs. They provide good structural stability along with aesthetic appearance.
3.1 Construction systems
3.2.3 Triplex double glazing Sekurit glass
The internal walls are constructed by 25cm bricks then plaster is put then its painted with white color.
Fig (3.2.7.1), Self cleaning glass, data source (pilkington) Fig (3.2.6.1), Skylight details , data source (Authors)
Glass partitions for restaurants and office are fixed in the floor by base profile. 3.2.6 skylights
3.2.5 Internal glass partitions
Skylight are fixed with glazing gasket to the aluminum roofing by aluminum rafter and there is a glass stop between each glass panel and glass panel to reduce the loads
Cladding detail
Its consist of 3 layers The middle one contains of argon gas and the other 2 layers consists of sekurit glass then pvb film then sekurit glass and this glazing has a lot of benefits such as decreasing heat gain because of the air gap between the 2 layers and the sekurit glass make this glazing more stiff and strength and triplex for safety 3.2.4 Internal paint
Aluminum cladding are fixed in the walls by fixing aluminum boxes in the desired walls by bolting and then aluminum cladding are welded or bolted in these boxes Building. cladding are inspired from the famous symbols of saint Catharine residence clothing
Internal glass partitions Skylight details
Construction The Heart of South Sinai 3.2 Material 3.2.2Aluminum cladding
3.2.7 Self cleaning glass
A nanometer scale coating of titanium dioxide on the outer surface of glass introduces two mechanisms which lead to the self cleaning airport
Fig (3.2.3.1), Triplex double glazing, data source (Authors) Fig (3.2.2.2), Cladding, data source (Authors) Fig (3.2.2.1), Patterns, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Triplex double glazing Sekurit glass
Fig (3.2.5.1), Internal glass partitions , data source (Authors)
Construction The Heart of South Sinai 3.3 Wall section 3.2.8 Cable net glazing The fundamental condition for the system’s success is cable tension. To achieve good resistance to the bending resulting from the force of wind on the glass and which transmits to the cable construction, we must allow the existence of great forces of tension 3.2 Material
Cable net Detail Fig (3.2.8.1), Cable net , data source (Authors) Fig (3.3.1), Self cleaning glass, data source (authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
74 04 Structure Chapter lV
Structure The Heart of South Sinai 4.1 Waffle slab Structure A waffle slab is a type of slap with holes underneath, giving the appearance of waffles. It is usually used where large spans are required to avoid many columns interfering with space. Hence thick slabs spanning between wide beams are required Since the tensile strength of concrete is mainly satisfied by the steel bar reinforcement, only the “ribs” containing the reinforcement are kept where the remaining ‘unused’concrete portion below the neutral axis is removed, to reduce the self weight of the slab. 4.1.1Structure in plan 4.1.2 Structure in 3d 4.1.3 Benefits 1. Larger span of slab and floor with less number of columns 2. load carrying capacity is greater than the other types of slab 3. Savings on weight and materials. 4 Good vibration control capacity 5. Attractive soffit appearance when 6exposed.Lightweight. Ground floor Fig (4.1.1.1), Waffle slab plan, data source (Authors)Fig (4.1.1.2), Waffle slab plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (4.1.2.1), 3d waffle slap , data source (Authors)
First Groundfloorfloor Fig (4.2.1.1), Space truss plan, data source (Authors) Fig (4.2.1.2), Space truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (4.2.2.1), 3d Space truss , data source (Authors)
4.2
Space trusses are three dimensional structures with longitudinal members connected at their ends by hinges assumed to be frictionless The loads on space trusses are applied only at the nodes or joints, thus the self weight is allocated for each element at its two ends joining other elements of the truss Structure Heart of South Sinai Space truss 4.2.1 Structure in plan 4.2.2 Structure in 3d 1 classified into three types conferring to the number of grid layers; Single, double, or triple layer. 2 can be used for platforms or overhead structures that span large distances without the need for internal load bearing 3supports.canbe made by frame connection; welding, bolting or threading 4.2.3 Benefits
The
Ground floor Fig (4.3.1.1), truss plan, data source (Authors) Fig (4.3.1.2), truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (4.3.2.1), 3d truss, data source (Authors)
Space trusses are three dimensional structures with longitudinal members connected at their ends by hinges assumed to be frictionless The loads on space trusses are applied only at the nodes or joints, thus the self weight is allocated for each element at its two ends joining other elements of the truss Structure Heart of South Sinai 4.3 truss 4.3.1 Structure in plan 4.3.2 Structure in 3d 4.3.3 Benefits they are fast and cost effective to install and do not require heavy expensive equipment or excessive preparation in order to be used effectively. Trusses are generally built in a factory and delivered as a complete set to a job site, where the structure is then built.
The
Structure
source
illustrated
Fig
Fig (4.5.1), system, data (Authors) , by (Authors,2022) (4.4.1),
Cable net , data source (Authors) 78
Structure The Heart of South Sinai 4.4 Structural Glazing Cable net supported glass facade systems that comprise of pre stressed cable net, glass panes and glass support attachments; are commonly used in airport terminal 4.5 Structural drawing Fig (4.4.2), Cable net glazing, data source (pintrest)
4.5
Expansion joint
is
Fig (4.5.2), Section 2, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Expansion joint Fig (4.5.1), Expansion joints, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) a gap which allows the concrete to expand and contract as/when the temperature changes It forms a break between the concrete and other parts of a structure to allow movement without stress, which can lead to cracking. place
causing
Section 1 Section 2 79
Waffle slab Space truss
Fig (4.5.3), Section1, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Truss Structure The Heart of South Sinai 4.5 Structural drawing
05 Environmental Chapter V 80
5.1 Environmental
The building is provided with natural lighting by glass facades and also by skylight which makes a good environment for the users and also improve the workplace environment and decrease the use of artificial lighting so it reduces the use of electricity
Fig (5.2.1), Interior shot, data source (Authors)
Fig (5.1.1), Plan, data source (Authors)
Environmental The Heart of South Sinai Using trees to provide shading up to 15m and to decrease heat gain
Fig (5.1.2), Environmental analysis, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) strategies
5.2 Lighting
5.4 Ventilation
Environmental The Heart of South Sinai 5.3 Thermal performance The entrance are rotated towards south east orientation to provide the building with the maximum sunlight The building integration will provide shading to the building Platform area oriented in west orientation because its polluted area (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Ventilation of the building are done mainly with Mechanical ventilation and consideration is made to decrease the use of electricity by shading and cladding and good Bathroomsorientation.,kitchens and restaurants and café can be ventilated with taken into consideration the orientation of these units
06 Sustainability Chapter Vl 83
Sustainability The Heart of South Sinai 6.0 Sustainability Main aspects of sustainability: Economic SocialEnvironmentalsustainabilitysustainabilitysustainability 6.1 Social sustainability Connecting all tourists in Egypt to saint Catharine residence thus residence get to know more about cultures and tourists get to know about Saint Catharine and its beauty Provide employment and job opportunities for Saint Catharine residence and this is opportunity to saint Catharine residence to improve their income and to increase their level of living 6.2 Economic sustainability Good jobs Economic Growth : Development and implement Of sustainable tourism policies, which create jobs and promote local culture and products , so this will lead to indicate the average proportion of GDP and the growth rate , tourism that lead to GDP 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 New opportunities: The proposed project is intended to help create new markets and opportunities for the local people in Saint Catharine ,So that they can increase their daily income 6.3 Environmental sustainability Low tech operable skin When WhenopenClosed 6.3.1 Fig (6.3.1.1), operable skin, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) In order to have better control over the climatic condition of indoor environment . the skin closes when the building have enough daylight . the skin opens when the building need daylight.
The Heart of South Sinai 6.3 Environmental sustainability Sustainability Skylight6.3.2
Courtyard is used between buildings to provide the building with shading and also to decrease heat gain and to improve the view Double glazing to prevent heat gain thus decrease the use of electricity and its triplex to make glass more
Fig (6.3.3.1), Triplex double glazing, data source (glavas systems) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (6.3.4.1), Cool roofs, data source (newscenter) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Fig (6.3.5.1), Courtyard plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022) Fig (6.3.2.1), Top view, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
Reduced energy use: A cool roof transfers less heat to the building below, so the building stays cooler and uses less energy for air conditioning. Reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions: By lowering energy use, cool roofs decrease the production of associated air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
strengthSkylight is used to provide natural lighting and this is will decrease the use of artificial lighting and its treated to provide the optimum heat gain and to prevent the excessive heat gain.
Triplex double glazing Sekurit glass6.3.3 White Material6.3.4 Courtyard6.3.5
07 Bibliography Chapter Vll 86
• Fig(1.4.2.4), Saint Catherine residents , data source (dreamstime) ), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.1.3) Social, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.1.4) Community, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.1) Saint Cathrine Skyline, data Source (Authors, 2022), illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.2.5), Saint Catherine residents , data source (dreamstime) ), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.4.3), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.4.2), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.3.3),saint Catherine hospital, Data Source (hioportsaid,2014), illustrated by (authors,2020)
• Fig(1.5.4.1) , Saint Catherine school,( elwatannews ), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.1.4), Walls, Data source (academia) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.3.2), mosa mountain, Data Source (PhotoDirectLink,2019), illustrated by (authors,2020)
The Heart of South Sinai 87 List of figures
• Fig(1.4.3.2), Saint Catherine residents, data source (sinaimonastery) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.4.1), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(1.2) Egypt Map, data Source (africanworldheritagesites),illustrated by (authors,2022)
7.1 List of figures 01 Introduction
• Fig(1.4.4.5), Residence home, Data source (acadmia), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.2.1) Egypt architecure, data Source (thedesigngesture)
• Fig(1.4.2.1), Saint Catherine residents , data source (st katherine.net, 2019), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.1.2) Buildings, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.3.1), Saint Catherine residents , data source (st katherine.net, 2019) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.3) Egypt Map, data Source (africanworldheritagesites),illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.1.3)Foundation, Data source (academia), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.2.6), Saint Catherine residents , data source (africanworldheritagesites) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.1.2),Wood Roofing, Data source (academia) Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.1.1) Govermental, data Source (Pngwing),illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.2.2) Saint Cathrine monastry, data Source (Time)
• Fig(1.2.3) Saint Catharine, data Source (South Sinai goverment)
• Fig(1.5.1.5), Roofing, Data source (academia) Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.3.1) Landmarks Saint Catharine, data Source (Time),illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.2) Saint Cathrine Skyline, data Source (Authors, 2022), illustrated by(authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.1.1), Environmental Analysis, Data source (academia), Illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(1.1) Egypt Map, data Source (africanworldheritagesites),illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.3.1),residential building, Data Source (maadicontracting),illustrated by (authors,2020)
• Fig(1.4.2.3), Saint Catherine residents , data source (st-katherine.net, 2019), Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.4.4.4), Residence home, Data source (elyoum el saba), Illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(1.4) Egypt Map, data Source (lalineadelhorizonte)
• Fig(1.4.2.2) saint Catharine monastry, data Source (planetware),illustrated by(Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.6.4) Topography of saint Catharine, data Source (Climate Consultant , 2021), , illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig (1.12.1.4), building solid and void, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(2.3.1.2), 3d view, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.1.3), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors)
• Fig(2.3.1.4), contextual layout, data source (google maps), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(2.3.1.8), Section for structure, data source (Unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
01
• Fig (1.11.1.3), land use map , data source (Google earth) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (1.5.5.3), transfiguration project,( Pngwing ), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(1.6.3) Private transportation in saint Catharine, data Source (yooumelsabba) , illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig (2.1.4), Zigzag architecure, data source (blog.tkelevator)
• Fig(1.5.6.3), Saint Catherine transportation , data source (Saintcathrinegov), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig (1.12.1.3), building use, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (1.13.1), Swot map, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
The Heart of South Sinai List of figures
• Fig(2.3.1.5), 3d Zoning, data source (Authors,2021)
• Fig (1.12.1.2), building Conditions, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (1.12.1.1), building height map, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Table (1.14.2), Program, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
7.1 List
• Fig(2.3.1.6), layout Zoning, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(2.3.1.14), concept, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(2.3.1.9), Main façade, data source (Un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021) of figures Introduction
• Fig (2.1.2), louis vuitton, data source (arquitecturaviva)
• Fig(2.3.1.3), concept, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (1.11.1.2), building height map, data source (Google earth) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.6.2), Saint Catherine transportation , data source (st katherine.net, 2019), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig (2.1.1), Graduation project, data source (Behance)
• Fig(1.6.2) Private transportation in saint Catharine, data Source (Saintcathrinegov) , illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Figure (1.11.1.1) Building Condition map, source by (Google earth) , Illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (1.5.5.2), transfiguration project,( elwatannews ), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig (1.11.1.4), street hierarchy map, data source (Google earth) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
02 Design approach
• Fig (1.12.1.5), building height map, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(1.5.6.1), Saint Catherine , data source (Tour), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(1.6.1) Saint Catharine, data Source (Wikibedia) , illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(2.3.1.7), Circulation, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(1.5.6.4), Saint Catherine transportation , data source (st katherine.net, 2019), illustrated by (authors,2022)
• Fig(2.3.1.1), 3d view, data source (unstudio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Table (1.14.1), Program, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.7.1), building Conditions, data source (Authors) of figures
• Fig (2.4.1.2), sand dunes Elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig(2.3.1.12), Circulation, data source (un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.4), structure system Shenzhen bao’an international airport, data source (arch daily) ,illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig (2.6.2), Second form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(2.3.2.8), Connection between airport and station, data source (Shenzhen-airport), Illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.11),Airports Plans, data source (wikiwand), Illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig (2.4.2.2), Mountain 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig(2.3.2.9), Connection between airport ana station, data source (Shenzhen-airport), Illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.2),shanzhen bao’an international airport concept, data source (Shenzhen airport), illustrated by (authors, 2021)
• Fig (2.4.3.1), Integration sketch, data source (Authors)
7.1 List
• Fig (2.4.1.1), sand dunes 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig(2.3.2.1),shanzhen bao’an international airport, data source (Shenzhen airport), illustrated by (authors,2021)
• Fig(2.3.1.10), Axonometric diagram, data source (un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.4.3.2), integration sketch, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.5.1), Plan development, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.4.2.1), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors)
• Fig(2.3.2.13) section of Shenzhen airport, data source (wiki wand), illustrated by(authors2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.3), Shenzhen bao’an international airport, data source (arch daily) ,illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.10),Airports Plans, data source (Shenzhen airport), Illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig (2.4.1.4), sand dunes , data source (pngitem)
• Fig (2.4.2.3), ), Mountain 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig(2.3.2.7),Airport First Plan, data source (Shenzhen airport),illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.5), Shenzhen Bao'an InternationalAirport, data source (google earth),illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig (2.4.1.3), sand dunes 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.6.1), First Form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig(2.3.1.11), Section façade, data source (un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.6.3), third form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.6.4), Final form, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
02 Design approach The Heart of South Sinai List of figures
• Fig(2.3.2.12) section of interior Shenzhen airport, data source (wiki wand), illustrated by (authors2021)
• Fig(2.3.2.6),Airport Ground Plan, data source (Shenzhen airport),illustrated by (authors 2021)
• Fig(2.3.1.13), Flexibility, data source (un studio,2020), illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.7.2), building height map, data source (Authors)
The Heart of South Sinai List of figures 02 Design approach 7.1 List of figures
• Fig (2.7.29), Layout, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.33), building Conditions, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.24), building solid and void, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.41), First floor, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.37) Mountain skyline, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.19), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.27), Master plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.44), Section c c, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.11), Double skin facade, data source (building magazine)
• Fig (2.7.3), building solid and void, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.15), Schematic Section, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.21), Double façade system, data source (Research gate)
• Fig (2.7.35), building solid and void, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.25), building use, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.26), swot analysis, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.9), Schematic plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.7.5), 3d sketch, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.6), Elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.17), Cool roofs, data source (newscenter)
• Fig (2.7.12),swot analysis, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.28), First floor plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.36), building use, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.16), Schematic plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.42), Section, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.8), Schematic section, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.30), Elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.39), Swot analysis, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.18), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.40), Master plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.45), Space truss, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.43), Section, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.46), Pipe truss, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.31), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.13), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.22), building Conditions, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.4), building use, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.10), Sand dunes, data source (Pngitem) , illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.7.44), Section c c, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.14), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.20), Schematic plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2021)
• Fig (2.7.23), building height map, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.34), building height map, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.7), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.68),Layout, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.62), plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.4), Development, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.7.58), Waffles slab, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.8.9), building height map, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.56), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.7.60), truss, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.45), Space truss, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.70), Wall sections, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.11), Handicapped facilities, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.7.65), First floor plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.15), Physical model, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.64), Side elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.49), Elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.53), building height map, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.47), Layout, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.48), Elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.44), Section c c, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.72), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.8), building use, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.69), Details, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.54), building use, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.63), Front elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.12), Structural analysis, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.7.61), Self cleaning glass, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.59), Space truss, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.71), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.50), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.13), Master plan, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.66), Section A A, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.7), building solid and void, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.46), Pipe truss, data source (pilkington)
• Fig (2.7.51), building solid and void, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.6), Site information, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.3), Climatic analyis, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.7.55), Swot analysis, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.52), building Conditions, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.2), building Skyline, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.14), Layout, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.16), Side elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.67),Section B B, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.7.57), operable skin, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.1), Mountain skyline, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
The Heart of South Sinai List of figures 02 Design approach 7.1 List of figures
• Fig (2.8.10), building Conditions, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.5), Zoning, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.23), Operable skin, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
04 Structure
• Fig (2.8.18), Section B B, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.26), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.19), Environmental studies, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.17), Section A A, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.31), Third panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (3.2.6.1), Skylight details, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.1.3.1), building height map, data source (Png wing) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
The Heart of South Sinai List of figures 02 Design approach 7.1 List of figures
• Fig (4.2.1.1), Space truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.34), Sixth panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.35), Seventh Panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.24), Wall section W1, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.28), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.20), Front elevation, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.21), Self cleaning glass, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.2.7.1), Self cleaning glass, data source (pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.1.1.2), Waffle slab plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.32), Forth panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (4.1.2.1), 3d waffle slap , data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.1.1.1), Waffle slab plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
03 Construction
• Fig (4.2.1.1), Space truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.3.1), Self cleaning glass, data source (authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.3.1.1), truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.2.2.1), Patterns, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.27), 3d, data source (Authors)
• Fig (3.1.1.1), Waffle slab, data source (Structurepoint) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.29), First Panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (3.2.1.1), Layout, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.2.3.1), Triplex double glazing, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.3.1.2), truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.2.5.1), Internal glass partitions, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.33), Fifth panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.30), Second Panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (4.2.2.1), 3d Space truss , data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.2.2.2), Cladding, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.2.1.2), Space truss plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.36), Eighth panel, data source (Authors)
• Fig (2.8.25), Details, data source (Authors)
• Fig (3.2.8.1), Cable net, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (3.1.2.1), Space truss, data source (pngwing) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (2.8.22), Site machine, data source (Pilkington) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (5.1.1), Plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (6.3.2.1), Top view, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (6.3.1.1), Climatic analysis, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.3.2.1), 3d truss, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.5.1), Expansion joints, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
The Heart of South Sinai List of figures 04 structure
• Fig (5.1.2), Environmental analysis, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
06 Sustainability
• Fig (4.5.2), Section 2, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (6.3.4.1), Cool roofs, data source (newscenter) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.5.3), Section1, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
7.1 List of figures
• Fig (5.3.1), Climatic analysis, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.5.1), Structure system, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.4.1), Cable net, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (6.3.5.1), Courtyard plan, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (4.4.2), Cable net glazing, data source (pintrest) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (6.3.3.2), Triplex double glazing, data source (glavas systems) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
• Fig (5.2.1), Interior shot, data source (Authors) , illustrated by (Authors,2022)
05 Environmental
7.1 References The Heart of South Sinai List of references • https://www.academia.edu/ • https://www.researchgate.net/ • https://www.pinterest.com/ • https://www.archdaily.com/ • _work_card=viewTION_HUB_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_MEDIUM_SIZED_NON_CENTERED_STATE?emailhttps://www.academia.edu/51466625/AMENITIES_PERFORMANCE_ON_TRANSPORTA-paper • ransportation_Hubhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/275544817_From_Typology_Concept_to_Smart_T • https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2212567116000757?token=857BB686CE78116607 C19783C6DBAE487B63339EF41BD396EFE019DB9CC14E45C4AA7549E1F0EA0E2EAC46C030517DE0&originRegion=euwest1&originCreation=20211219181041 • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pi/S1361920918300245 • St. Catherine Municipal Corporation (stcatherinemc.gov.jm)https://www.egypttoday.com/Tag/4716/Saint Catherine • St. Catherine Municipal Corporation (stcatherinemc.gov.jm) • https://pngimg.com/ • https://www.sis.gov.eg/?lang=en us • https://www.glavas systems.gr/en/products/glass pane/triplex security/ • https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2011/11/03/cool-roofs-really-can-be-cool/ • https://arquitecturaviva.com/works/fondation louis vuitton paris • https://arquitecturaviva.com/works/fondation-louis-vuitton-paris • https://alcon.co.il/cable net walls/ • https://ecohouse eg.com/What is triplex glass • http://lalineadelhorizonte.com/revista/el viaje mistico de egeria a tierra santa/ • https://theconstructor.org/structural engg/waffle slab ribbed slab construction/20546/ • https://www.buildingenclosureonline.com/articles/87771 the future of airport architecture • https://www.buildingenclosureonline.com/articles/87771 the future of airport architecture • https://www.podslabsales.com.au/waffle pods/how a waffle pod slab built/ • https://www.fisherlumber.com/the advantages of en%trusses/#:~:text=The%20main%20advantage%20of%20trusses,the%20structure%20is%20th20built • https://png.is/f/truss png transparent truss png image free download pngkey/comdlpng6950284 201911161705.html • pngkey/comdlpnghttps://png.is/f/truss-png-transparent-truss-png-image-free-download-6950284201911161705.html • https://www.hiclipart.com/free-transparent-background-png-clipart-bgyia • https://imgbin.com/png/4qn8nJnd/truss arch bridge burr truss aluminium alloy png#_=_ • https://architizer.com/blog/practice/details/behind the design metal cladding/ • https://www.westernstatesmetalroofing.com/blog/aluminum roofing pros and cons#:~:text=Aluminum%20is%20actually%20the%20most,a%20variety%20of%20different %20colors. • https://alaskastructures.com/aviation/constructing airports and facilities/
Transportation Hub In Saint Catharine The Heart of south Sinai
