Deptford’s Vessels Rediscovering Deptford’s Identity Through Making ALICEA KHIM HUI CHIA UNIT 21 : CURIOSIT Y ABOUNDED MA Architecture (Part II) / Year 4 ARCT1063 Design Realisation 2017-18
Contents I.
Site, Constraints & Opportunities
Brief 06 Urban Context 08 Regeneration in London 09 Local Developments & Landmarks 10 Historical Context 12 Deptford Today : The disappearance of making 16 Society : Population & Ethnicity 18 Economy : Unemployment 19 Conservation Areas & Listed Buildings 20 Culture: Making Today 22 Town Centre / Retail 26 Building Typology 28 Site Boundary 32 Existing Site Conditions 33 Urban Morphology 34 Contextual Spatial Relationships 35 90 Deptford High Street 36 Giffin Square 37 Transport Links 38 Accessibility & Parking 39 Heat Mapping 40 Geology 41 Flood Risk 42 Sunlight & Overshadowing 43
II.
Professional Strategy & Building Delivery
Client 46 Agenda & Collaborations 47 Cost & Funding 48 Planning Context 49 Procurement Route: Traditional Contract 50 Project Team 51 Roles & Responsibilities / Plan of Work 52 Project Programme 54 Project Timeline 55 Risks 56
III.
Foundation / Basement Detail 74 Vessel Wall–Slab Detail 75 Vessel Rooflight–Wall Detail 76 Vessel–Roof Detail 77 Assembly of Components 78 Material Palette 79 Vessel Facade Detail 80
IV.
Building Construction
Building Performance
Construction Sequence 62 Site Plan 64 Massing & Levels Demarcation 65
Heating 84 Daylight & Sunlight 86 Ventilation 88 Water & Drainage 89 Acoustics 90 Fire Strategy 91 Accessibility 93 Buildin Maintenance & Management 94
Proposed General Arrangement 66 Areas & Zoning 69
Bibliography 95 List of Illustrations 96
Site Office & Delivery
59
Demolition & Site Clearance 60 Site Setting-Out 61
Proposed Section AA 70 Proposed Section BB 72
I.
Site, Constraints & Opportunities
Brief Deptford’s Vessels is a ceramics facility and workshop that aims to rediscover Deptford’s identity of making through a new live-work typology. The main belief of the Lewisham Arthouse in setting up this project is to encourage learning through creativity. Besides engaging with the community, it also provides the opportunity for local artists to explore new methods of making in ceramics through an advanced 3D printing facility. The small cluster of buildings sits strategically on Giffin Square, along Deptford High Street – the heart of the town centre where it is most vibrant and happening. It will become a new focal point and aims to regenerate the public realm. The main design drivers are permeability and the integration of art studios and creative spaces within the public realm. Narrow alleyways / ginnels will allow the public to meander through into the central courtyard space, where the kilns are most prominent, visible and quite monumental. The kilns will be symbolic of making that used to and will continue to happen in Deptford, giving the community an identity they would thrive on once again.
06
Prop osa l
A im s & Ob j e ctive s
Outcomes
Rediscover Deptford’s identity of making
Regeneration along Deptford High Street
A new symbol for making
Studio spaces and facilities for ceramic artists.
Business incubator for artists.
New ceramics 3D printing technology.
Recognition for artists
Job opportunities in maufacturing A new live / work typology Collaborations with art studios and galleries in Deptford.
Strategic location within public space along Deptford High Street.
Instill a love for art within the community through interactive displays of making.
Prevention of anti-social behaviour
07
Urban Context Deptford sits within the London Borough of Lewisham. Once a ship building site by the River Thames, today there are many opportunities for new developments and regeneration projects in the area.
London
08
Borough of Lewisham
Deptford
Regeneration in London Amongst other major regeneration projects in London, developments in the East Side are rapidly occuring. Key projects inclde the Olympic Park Village and Canary Wharf. Development has since picked up in the South-East region of London with Convoys Wharf in Deptford as one of the most major developments to be built.
KINGS CROSS
LOWER LEA VALLEY & THE OLYMPIC PARK
THE CITY
CANARY WHARF PADDINGTON BASIN
RIV
ER
TH
AM
ES
GREENWICH PENINSULA
CANADA WATERS & SURREY QUAYS
CONVOYS WHARF
DEPTFORD
09
Local Developments & Landmarks Deptford is also situated within a short distance of other local developments and landmarks. The regeneration of Deptford High Street, described as the town’s spine, will serve as a key route to the major development site of Convoys Wharf.
3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Deptford Park Convoys Wharf Isle of Dogs Old Royal Naval College Greenwich Park Deptford Creekside Deptford Railway Station The Deptford Project
Deptford High Street
1 2
RIVER THAMES
4
6 7 8 Proposed Site
10
5
2.
Convoys Wharf
Regeneration of the riverfront as part of the masterplan which includes new residential, commercial units and public spaces.
Source:
http://www.convoys-wharf.com/ourplans.html
7/8.
The Deptford Project
U+I Group’s £47 million regeneration plan includes the ‘Tinder Box’, a block of colourful apartments which sit above a disused carriage ramp, next to the new Deptford Railway Station. Another component, Deptford Market Yard includes a range of independent shops and businesses which occupy these arches.
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/images/6/60/Deptford1.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Deptford_station_ entrance_2013.JPG/1200px-Deptford_station_entrance_2013.JPG https://www.justopenedlondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/deptyard1.jpg
All developments have taken into account, the Lewisham Core Strategy Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Regeneration of growth area Providing new homes Growing the local economy Environmental management Building a sustainable community
11
Historical Context Deptford thrived as one of London’s most important dockyards. Many specialised in shipbuilding; its community simply thrived on this. However, the economy quickly declined as shipbuilding became redundant and thus, so did Deptford.
Recogni ti on
1513
12
1600
1700
Henry VII founded the Royal Dockyard
The Royal Victoria Victualling Yard established
Job opportunities as sailors, carpenters, shipbuilders and ropemakers emerged.
The yard provides ships space for storage and supplies for assembly.
1730
1800
Deptford is divided into two parishes: St. Pauls and St. Nicholas
Population of Deptford rises The end of Napoleonic Wars.
De cline
Regenera ti on
1869
1913
1961
The Dockyards close down; replaced by The Foreign Cattle Market
Poverty and Deprivation
The Royal Victualling Yard closes down
The Royal Dockyards become unsuitable to launch ships as ships are no longer needed.
Number of unskilled workers and unemployment increase.
The proposal seeks to rebuild Deptford’s rich history of making and take advantage of its strategic location by the River Thames.
Other riverside industries, the Royal Dockyards, Deptford West Power Station and Robinson Mill close and were cleared for new developments.
13
Docks of London This map illustrates the presence of the Docks of London along the River Thames and how The Royal Dockyards of Deptford had played a major role in the 18th century.
Source: https://booth.lse.ac.uk/map/12/0.0737/51.5078/100/0. (17 Dec 2017).
1. London Bridge 2. Custom House 3. The Trinity House 4. The Tower 5. The Mint 6. St. Katherine Docks 7. London Docks 8. St Saviour’s Dock 9. Wapping 10. Thames Tunnel 11. Tunnel shaft 12. Rotherhithe Church 13. Shadwell Church 14. Commercial Railway 15. Regent’s Canal
14
16. Basin 17. Bromley Canal 18. Grand Surrey Docks 19. Commercial Docks 20. Ordnance Wharf 21. Greenland Dock 22. Victualling office 23. Royal Dockyard 24. Deptford Creek 25. Drunken Dock 26. Ferry house 27. Royal Hospital 28. Royal Naval Asylum 29. Norfold College 30. Mr. Beele’s iron works
31. Mesars Enderby’s rope works 32. Folly House Tavern 33. West India House 34. South-west India Dock 35. Timber dock 36. West India Dock reservoirs 37. East India Docks 38. Bow Creek 39. All Saints Church 40. Chapel 41. Limehouse Church
The Victualling Yard and The Royal Dockyard The Royal Dockyard became redundant in 1869 as ships were no longer needed. It was replaced by the Foreign Cattle Market. In 1961, The Victualling Yard also closed down. Today this area is known as Convoys Wharf where developments are happening rapidly.
The Fall of Deptford By 1900, Deptford and its surrounding areas suffered poverty as the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries had fallen.
A shift in the industrial structure Source: https://booth.lse.ac.uk/map/12/0.0737/51.5078/100/0. (17 Dec 2017).
Deptford lost its leading position in the economy when shipbuilding was no longer needed. Most began to move away to seek job opportunities elsewhere. Thus, many industries began to close down and was replaced by other sectors such as agriculture, public services and businesses.
100
80
60
40
20
0
1860
1880
1900
1920
1960
1980
2000
Year
Number of Areas Occupied by Manufacturing Industries Source: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10057334/cube/IND_SECTOR_GEN (03 Feb 2018).
Map Descriptive of London Poverty 1898 by Charles Booth Lowest class Vicious, semi-criminal Very poor, casual Chronic want Poor. 18s to 21s a week for a moderate family Mixed. Some comfortable others poor Fairly comfortable. Good ordinary earnings Middle class. Well-to-do Upper-middle and upper classes. Wealthy
15
The proposal aims to give the community a more permanent sense of identity and a place where they can gather regularly to be reminded of the rich history in making Deptford once had, be it in shipbuilding, pottery or other forms.
Deptf
Although the redundancy of shipbuilding led to the decline of Deptford, the community held on dearly to their maritime identity. An anchor was installed at the start of the High Street in 1988 to commemorate Deptford’s maritime history. However, it was removed by authorities in 2013 as a solution to anti-social behaviour. Since then, efforts to bring the anchor back to the High Street have been made. Deptford Is Forever is the main organisation that leads this. Their efforts had finally paid off recently when the anchor was returned to its rightful position in February 2018.
ord H i g h St reet
Deptford Today : The disappearance of making
What’s left of Deptford’s identity?
Source: https://www.bing.com/maps
16
Deptford Is Forever teams up with Deptford Society / Deptford X : Red Tape (2015)
Deptford Is Forever (2018)
(Top Left) The anchor on a plinth being installed by the architect in 1988 / The Red Tape movement around Deptford High Street. The red tape signifies excessive bureaucracy or adherance to official rules and formalities. The aim was to talk to people about the anchor and Deptford’s maritime heritage. A petition was launched.
The anchor is finally returned to the High Street, where it was before. A procession was held for the reinstalling of the anchor as many locals cheered on. A show to commerate this occasion was also held with Sayes Court CIC at Deptford Does Art.
Source: http://deptfordisforever.net/DIF2015.html. (12 Dec 2017).
Source: http://deptfordisforever.net/dif%202018.html. (15 Feb 2018).
17
Society : Population & Ethnicity Lewisham has a population of about 275,900 based on the 2011 Census. As part of one of the most ethnically diverse boroughs in London, the majority of Deptford’s population are from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and Asian groups. This is apparent in the diversity of grocers and food stalls found along Deptford High Street, from Vietnamese to Indian, Chinese and Afro-Caribbean shops.
The proposal pushes an opportunity for a community full of diversity such as Deptford’s to come together with a common love for art.
Ethnicity Asian / Black Afro-Caribbean Other / Mixed Ethnicity Source: https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/postcode/se84bw. (03 Feb 2018).
18
White
International shops along Deptford High Street.
Economy : Unemployment Although development is happening all over London, Deptford has remained relatively neglected and often described as a ‘rough’ area. Unemployment rates have increased between 2001 and 2011. Within the number of people who are employed however, only 2.8% work in the manufacturing industry.
The proposal aims to encourage job opportunities in the art or manufacturing industry, as it serves as a business incubator as well, providing sufficient facilities to educate and teach new skills.
Economic Activity
Source: 2011 Census, Second Release December 2012. https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/ inmyarea/Documents/2011CensusSecondReleaseDec2012.pdf. (03 Feb 2018). https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/postcode/se84bw. (03 Feb 2018).
Employment Industry
Unemployed
Manufacturing
Employed (Full / Part-time)
Retail
Students / Retired / Others
Others
19
Conservation Areas & Listed Buildings Within Deptford, there are a number of listed buildings that have been refurbished. However they remain rather disused and appear worn down and tired. The ground floors of these buildings are clearly distinguished from the upper floors, not just physically – the upper floors are isolated, most vacant.
1
13 Deptford High Street
Source: https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/LDF/development-policies/Documents/DMLPSubmissionVersion.pdf. (15 Feb 2018).
2
32 Deptford Church Street Originally a public house. It was named The Oxford Arms, and later, The Birds Nest.
3
The White Swan
4
Originally a pub and hotel, built in the early 19th century. The frontage is retained along with its brick and detailing.
The Harp, 2-4 New King Street An ornate classical styled pub, with Baroque influences. Built in 1897, at the junction of New Cross Road &Watergate Street.
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
A townhouse with a bow frontage, which was built for Lipton tea merchants back in the 19th century.
Seeing that the proposal is in a the Deptford High Street area, the Development Management Local Plan (under the Lewisham local development framework) has been taken into account. Development Management (DM) Policy 36–38 in particular have been considered. The proposal will not alter the borough’s local character and distinctiveness. Deptford’s Vessel adopt a similar street frontage to the buildings that currently exist – fairly public use on the ground floor and private (residential) above.
Steps up to porch
Dummy mansard roof Formerly hotel above Full height windows with rounded bay
Grand entrance for hotel (formerly above) Deep recess for signage
Original timber windows above
Entrances converted into windows
Source: https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/conservation/Documents/LewishamLocalList2014.pdf. (03 Feb 2018).
20
4 3
1
ig h S tr e e t D e p tf o rd H
2
Deptford High Street Conservation Area
Listed Buildings
St Paul’s Conservation Area
1 2 3 4
Listed Buildings
13 Deptford High Street 32 Deptford Church Street The White Swan The Harp, 2-4 New King Street
1:2500
21
Isle of Dogs
Culture: Making Today Deptford High Street in relation to creative institutes Although most of the industrial sites in Deptford have closed down, the act of ‘making’ still exists, however on a much smaller scale. Creative institutes are located in Deptford and around, but remain rather discreet, and unknown to the general public.
Convoys Wharf
Art Studios / Manufacturers
Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich
RIVE
R THA MES
CR
EE K
THE
DLR train station
OR DEPTF
D
Deptford High Street
2
3 4 Main creative spaces of Deptford / Lewisham
5
1
22
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Lewisham Arthouse Deptford Old Police Station Cockpit Arts The Art in Perpetuity Trust The Artworks Creekside
Art & Culture Community There is a fairly large art & culture community in Deptford. The proposed art studio / gallery will be supported by these existing centres and the visitors that frequent them. Studios, workshops, theatre and school – all within walking distance of the proposed site.
2
3
1 5 4
NTS
1
The Albany Theatre
3
Cockpit Arts
2
The Laban Dance Centre
Proposed Site
4
Art Hub Studios
5
The Art in Perpetuity Trust
23
High and small windows
Deptford Old Police Station / 114 Amersham Vale The Old Police Station was converted into an art studio and exhibition space in 2007. Minimal refurbishment took place and the artists’ studios sit on the upper floors, while the cells and reception areas on the ground floor are let out or used by the artists to exhibit their work. From the outside there is no indication of creativity.
The proposed design aims to oppose the physical characteristics of this building as a place for art. It aims to achieve street presence and engage with the community.
Original facade retained
24
Solid cell door with small opening
The exploded axonometric shows the spaces when in use by the Police. But now the spaces have been converted accordingly: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
FACADE BASEMENT GROUND 1st FLOOR 2nd FLOOR
No indication of art studios’ presence Artists’ studios and workshops Reception, photography studio, exhibition Artists’ studios and workshops Storage, artists’ studios and workshops
3
5
3
4
2 2
1
1
4
4
3
Cell M01
2
The cells are now used as spaces for artists to exhibit their work. DEPTFORD OLD POLICE STATION The structure of the cell has been retained - generally only allowing CELL M01 views out and not into the cell. 1. 2. 3. 4.
The cells are now used as spaces for artists to exhibit their work.
structure of the cell has been retained - generally only allowing BED The used as shelf / platform for art views out and not into the cell. WC now covered up, and sealed 1 BED used as shelf / platform for art WINDOW retained; limited views in / out 2 WC now covered up, and sealed 3 retained; limited views in / out DOOR WINDOW retained; left open for viewers 4 DOOR retained; left open for viewers to see art
1
25
Town Centre / Retail Deptford is described as one of the main district town centres, with shopping. The town’s diverse and vibrant community demonstrated along the High Street contributes to a unique retail quality. The street markets and independent shops stay true to each culture and ethnic group.
1
Douglas Way / Square
D E PT FO R D
3
1
2
BO
RO
UG
H OF LEWISH
2
Deptford High Street Market
3
Giffin Square
AM
Major and district town centres with shopping frontage
26
Pedestrian Movement
ST PAUL’S HOUSE
Occupation of shops and movement of pedestrians were studied on a market day along Deptford High Street, Douglas Way / Square Market and Giffin Square. Footfall is significantly lower where there are no stalls in the area. DEPT FORD
The proposed site is where the two main market streets meet – a strategic point for people to gather. strategic point for people to gather.
DEPTFORD LOUNGE
HIGH
THE ALBANY
STREE T GIFFIN DOUGLAS
WAY
STREET
Movement / People Occupation / Shop & Goods Temporary Structure / Market Stall Land / Softscape
1:1000
27
81 DEPTFORD HIGH ST Design drivers extracted from the operation of a fruit and vege shop & market stalls along the high street.
Building Typology 81 Deptford High Street Seeing that most buildings along the High Street adopt a live-work typology, a shop was studied at different times of the day to study how successful it was in engaging with people.
3.
1.
1. 3. 2.
2.
0600
81 High St.
0800
0600
The proposed design incorporates a similar tactic to demonstrate permeability and good street frontage. The artists’ work is to be seen on ground level.
28
1.
The shop on the ground floor is closed, with metal roller shutters down.
2.
2 DeptfordHigh High Street is quiet and Deptford Street is deserted. quiet and deserted.
3.
1
The shop on the ground floor is closed, with the metal roller shutters down.
3
Lights from the residential floors above not seen through the windows.
Lights from the residential floors above not seen through the windows.
0800
1.
The ground floor shop opens for business; its roller shutters pulled up. The shop’s goods are clearly visible from outside to the back wall. 1
2. 3.
2 3
The ground floor shop opens for business; its roller shutters pulled up. The shop’s goods are clearly visible from outside to the back wall.
Tablesof of fruit and vege are pulled out are onto the footway, attracting passers-by. Tables fruit and vege pulled out onto the footway, Temporary market stalls occupy the street. Most of Deptford High St becomes pedestrianised on market days like this. attracting passers-by.
Temporary market stalls occupy the street. Most of Deptford High St becomes pedestrianised on market days like this.
2.
1.
3.
3.
1.
4.
1300
1930
1300
1930
1. 2.
1 2 3 4
Goods are stocked on the shelves and in crates along the Goods are stocked on the shelves and in crates along the walls of the shop. roomshop. is used for storage. wallsThe ofback the The surfaces inside the shop, the footway and street are of similar texture.
1. The shop closes by 1900 hrs; its roller shutters come down again.
shoutsroom to attract is customers. The and back used for storage.
2.
The temporary stalls are removed completely, and tables 3 Lights from residents are seen above. Movement / activity shift to the upper floors. pulled back in.
3.
Lights from residents are seen above. Movement / activity shift to the upper floors.
This creates an almost seamless transition in and out of the shop. Banter is heard between traders from where they stand, manning their stalls
3.
The surfaces inside the shop, the footway and street are of similar texture. This creates an almost seamless transition in and out of the shop.
4.
Banter is heard between traders from where they stand, manning their stalls and shout to attract customers.
1 2
The shop closes by 1900 hrs; its roller shutters come down again. The temporary stalls are removed completely, and tables pulled back in.
29
Douglas Way Market A bric-a-brac market exists along Douglas Way and on Douglas Square, selling anything imaginable – functioning or not, in pieces or whole. The traders are bring in disused items every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. It is successful in manipulating the pedestrian flow. With everything strew across tables and the ground, customers have to weave in and out, between the goods and eventually buy something they never knew they needed.
“People just don’t come here anymore. I mean lets be honest, the things we sell are shit, but I’ve been doing this for 30 years now.” – Trader, Douglas Way Market
30
Improving the Markets’ Performance Based on a study carried out by the London Borough of Lewisham (LBL), it is found that the market is currently operating at 73% of its capacity, with the space provided for traders to set up their stalls. The occupation of the market has only been decreasing from 2008 to 2011. The current layout of the markets (along the High Street, Douglas Way & Square and Giffin Square) are disorganised and cluttered, making it difficult for pedestrians to move around.
With the proposed building, market traders currently on Giffin Square will be moved to Douglas Square. Stalls in Douglas Square will be rearranged to accommodate this shift. Hence increasing the efficiency of space provided for the market.
Market stalls
NTS Existing market layout
Proposed market layout
Proposed Site
31
Site Boundary The proposed site is located along Deptford High Street, at the junction where Douglas Way and Giffin Street meet. The location is strategic for a symbolic building in Deptford’s town centre.
It would become a new focal point along the High Street and would engage with the community easily, especially on a market day when the area busiest.
4
6
Site boundary
2
1 Giffin Square 2 Deptford Lounge 3 88 Deptford High Street 4 Tidemill Primary School 5 Deptford High Street 6 Supermarket?
1 5 DEPTFO T H STREE R D H IG
DOU GL AS WAY
SITE BOUNDARY
GIF FIN STR EET
3
FRA NKH AM STR EET
1:200
32
Existing Site Conditions The site is surrounded by a mixture of old and new builds. The proposal aims to regenerate this space through the activity of making and to unify the different crowds that visit.
Deptford Lounge
Tidemill School
90 High Street
Proposed Site
Giffin Street; to be pedestrianised Giffin Square
33
1820s
1950s
Construction
Urban Morphology
1820s
1970s
Boundary
Demolition
1950s
Open / Green land behind terrace houses along Deptford High 1980s Street and Giffin Street.
Ltd and Crown copyright 2018. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
© Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2018. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
Scale 1:1000
0
10
20
30
40
50
70
80
90
100 m
Alicea Chia University of Greenwich
Projection: British National Grid
1970s
© Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2018. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
Feb 08, 2018 09:33 60
Green land converted into fair ground and Borough Council Depot site. St. Paul’s Institute and House constructed. Manufacturing increases; Sack factory and Soap works built. Scale 1:1000 100 m Bank (90 Deptford High Street) built.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Feb 08, 2018 09:41 Alicea Chia University of Greenwich
Projection: British National Grid
0
10
133 Deptford High Street demolished opposite Congregational Church. Terrace houses along Giffin Street and Deptford High Street demolished. Grounds turned into car park. Scale 1:1000 Soap works and houses demolished along Frankam Street. 100 m Converted into Projection: British Nationalhousing. Grid
20
30
40
50
60
GIFFIN SQUARE
WAVELEN GTHS LEISURE CENTRE DOUGLA S SQUARE
ST RE ET RD HI GH
ST RE ET RD HI GH
DEPTFOR D LOUNGE
GIFFIN STREET DOUGLA S WAY
90
DE PT FO
DE PT FO
DOUGLA S SQUARE
80
TIDEMILL ACADEM Y
TIDEMILL ACADEM Y
DOUGLA S SQUARE
70
DEPTFOR D LOUNGE
WAVELEN GTHS LEISURE CENTRE
GIFFIN SQUARE
GIFFIN STREET DOUGLA S WAY
BANK FRANKHA M HOUSE
CARPARK FRANKHA M STREET
1980s
opyright 2018. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
0
34
10
Sack Factory grounds cleared. Congregational Church converted into Job Centre Terrace houses cleared; converted into Douglas Square. Frankham Street extended north to join Giffin Street. Scale 1:1000 Portion of car park converted 100 into playground. m SomeProjection: form public square built at corner of Giffin Street and Britishof National Grid Deptford Hgih Street.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2000s
Feb 08, 2018 09:42 Alicea Chia University of Greenwich
Giffin Square cleared and refurbished. Deptford Lounge/Tidemill Academy constructed. Bank remains derelict. Wavelengths Leisure Centre built. Frankham House refurbished, with carpark.
FRANKHA M STREET
Proposal
End portion of Giffin Street pedestrianised. Market traders moved from Giffin Square to occupy Douglas Way at full capacity. Giffin Square – gap along Deptford High Street filled again. Regenerated public realm/courtyard within proposal; linking markets and main routes.
Feb 08, 2018 09:42 Alicea Chia University of Greenwich
Contextual Spatial Relationships The proposed general arrangement aims to transform the site that is currently Giffin Square into a place that would be able to engage with its surrounding buildings, primarily the Deptford Lounge and Tidemill School. More public spaces like the afe address these neighbouring frontages. Other semi-private spaces like the studios can just be observed. The arrangement also forms pockets of spaces for public congregation.
Tidemill School or)
EET IGH STR H D R O DEPTF
Costa (Ground Flo
1. 3D printing workshop 2. Ceramics studio 3. Kiln (rooms) 4. Kitchen (Commercial) 5. Courtyard 6. Cafe 7. Residential circulation
Public Semi-private Private
Deptford Lounge
1.
6.
3. 5. 3.
NTS
Pedestrian movement Potential congregation space
DO UG L AS WA Y
7.
4.
GI FF IN ST RE ET
3. 2.
2. 7.
7. Site boundary
Party Wall notices would have to be served to Tidemill School, Deptford Lounge, 104 Deptford High Street and 88 Deptford High Street, according to the Party Wall Act 1996.
35
90 Deptford High Street Originally a bank, 90 Deptford High Street has been vacant since HSBC moved out in 2010. However, it has been reported that raves and unofficial events have happened in the building, which explains why its windows are all boarded up now. Authorities have taken preventive measures to avoid further vandalism and anti-social behaviour. In 2017, Squat!net took over the building for a few months and hosted meals and info nights relating to squatting and the housing crisis. This disused bank is to be demolished (refer to Part II: Professional Strategy & Building Delivery for process & Party Wall contract) in order for the proposal to become a new focal point along the High Street.
A Demolition Notice would have to be served under the Building Act 1984. Planning permission would be required and 6 weeks prior notice to Lewisham Council.
Proposed Site Clockwise from top: Bank facade along High Street; along Giffin Street; Banner hung by Squat!net
Source: https://en.squat.net/wp-content/uploads/en/2016/11/Bank_of_no_money_Deptford_South_East_London.jpg. (08 Feb 2018).
36
Giffin Square Giffin Square was re-landscaped when Deptford Lounge and the Tidemill Academy were built in 2011. The plan was to create a public space which was vibrant and safe for everyone to enjoy. Unfortunately, the square has remained disused most of the year and attracts anti-social behaviour instead. A total of 112 crimes had been reported between December 2010 and March 2017 on / near Giffin Street. The proposal aims to recreate a public space (courtyard) that would discourage criminal activity through occupying the square and providing a passive surveillance over passers-by. Secured by Design has been referred to for guidance.
VIOLENCE / SEXUAL ASSAULT ROBBERY THEFT PUBLIC DISORDER CRIMINAL DAMAGE / ARSON VEHICLE CRIME DRUGS VIOLENT CRIME OTHER CRIME
Proposed Site Crime data from December 2010 – March 2017 on / near Giffin Street.
Source: https://www.getthedata.com/crime/giffin-street-SE8. (08 Feb 2018)
37
Transport Links 1.
The proposed site sits within a dense network of public transport routes. DLR and train stations connect the site with main attraction sites such as Greenwich, New Cross and the Isle of Dogs / North Greenwich Peninsular, making it easily accessible. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
2.
m
25 k
RI
15 km
VE
RT HA
ME
Mudchute DLR Station Island Gardens DLR Station Cutty Sark DLR Station Greenwich DLR Station Greenwich Train Station Deptford Train Station Deptford Bridge DLR Station New Cross Train Station
DLR / Train station
S
3.
10 km
5k
m
6.
4.
5.
Proposed Site 8.
7.
1:10 000
38
Accessibility & Parking It has been concluded that Giffin Street is currently underused and was changed to become a one way street. To take this proposal further, a portion of Giffin Street will be closed permanently. Routes of a shared surfaces on either side of the building have been proposed, but only for restricted use and for small vehicles only, prioritising pedestrians. This is to ease the delivery of goods on market days. Highways Act 1980 has been referred to, for information on stopping up or diversion of road. Source:http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/66/ section/116#commentary-c13423421. (30 Jan 2018). D EP TF O RD
Traffic direction
ET H IG H ST RE
Parking
Road closure
Restricted access Small vehicles only No entry between 8.00 a.m. – 4.00 p.m.
WAVE L E N G T H S L E I S URE CE N T RE
DEPT
D E P T F O RD L O UN G E
FORD CHU
Proposed Site
STRE
DOUG LAS WAY
RCH
GIFFI N STRE ET WAV E L E N G T H S L E I SU R E C E N T RE
ET
FRAN KHAM STRE ET DEPT FORD CHU RCH STRE ET
Proposed road changes
1:1250
39
Heat Mapping The heat consumption / demand is found to be the highest in Deptford amongst other regions in the Lewisham borough. The proposal will function through different methods of heat recovery and generation in more efficient ways to reduce this heat consumption, in response to this set of data. The firing kilns will be the primary source of heat, recovered to heat surrounding spaces.
Regions
Estimated heat consumption (MWh/yr)
Deptford
75 350
Lewisham
19 011
Honor Oak Park
45 521
Hither Green
3 444
Catford
20 911
Bell Green
17 776
Source: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/london-heat-map. (13 Feb 2018).
Proposed Site
Heat Demand Quantities (Mwh) No data 100 – 500 500 – 1000
1000 ++
NTS
40
Geology
Riv er T h ame
The geological study of the borough of Lewisham shows it is a majority of London Clay that is rather susceptible to retaining water especially during heavy rainfall. Hence, there is a risk of groundwater flooding. This has influenced the Sustainable Drainage (SuDS) design of buildings in this area.
s
Proposed Site
This study also proves a possible source of (excess) clay for artists to experiment with at the ceramics workshop
Source: https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/Documents/ StrategicFloodRiskAssesmentupdate2015.pdf. (15 Feb 2018). https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/Documents/ StrategicFloodRiskAssessmentFiguresAtoF.pdf. (13 Feb 2018).
Chalk (inc. Red Chalk)
River Terrace (Deposits)
London Clay
Alluvium
Reading & Thanel Beds
41
Flood Risk r Rive
Deptford sits within a relatively high risk flood zone due to its position next to the River Thames and Deptford Creek. The proposed site however, is at low risk. This would not affect the design proposal greatly in terms of design, although the risk is acknowledged. Sufficient drainage would be installed to prevent ponding.
es am Th
Source: https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/Documents/ StrategicFloodRiskAssessmentFiguresAtoF.pdf. (15 Feb 2018).
Degree of flood hazard Low
DEPTFORD
High
Proposed Site
Deptford Creek
42
Sunlight & Overshadowing
0800
340º
350º
N 0º
10º
10º
330º
20º 30º
20º
320º
The sunpath diagram shows the solar angles during the summer solstice (21 June) and winter solstice (21 December). The thumbnails illustrate the overshadowing from the surrounding buildings. The main unit (gallery & workshop) would be higher and have large south-facing openings. 40º
30º 50º
310º 40º 300º
21 JUNE 60º
50º 60º
290º
70º
70º 80º
80º
O RD
100º
110º
250º
240º
120º 130º
230º 220º
1300
Proposed Site
ET
260º
RE CH ST
90º E
CH UR
90º
270º W
D EP TF
280º
21 DEC
140º 150º
210º 200º
190º
S 180º
170º
160º
1:2500
1700
43
II.
Professional Strategy & Building Delivery
Client The client is Lewisham Arthouse, a non-profit organisation which seeks to provide opportunities and facilities within the creative field. It was established in 1992, when a group of designers and artists gathered to set up this voluntary-led organisation as a community hub and to provide spaces for artists to work. The members invest their time, skills and equipment into the programmes that run here. As a whole, Lewisham Arthouse believes in enriching communities through nurturing their creativity.
Lewisham Arthouse The Arthouse was once the Deptford Central Library, which closed down in the 1991. It is a Grade II listed building, mainly brick with a Portland stone facade in the Ionic order. Many of its original features and finishes remain. There are 45 spaces which house 50 artists. Workshops, courses and exhibitions are held regularly here in the studios and gallery (the library news room before). The Arthouse is one of the many re-purposed buildings found in this area; proving the possibility of regeneration through the love for art within this community.
Source: http://www.lewishamarthouse.org.uk/ (11 Dec 2017)
46
Agenda & Collaborations collaboration
Members of Lewisham Arthouse have decided to expand their facilities and reach out to the wider community of Deptford. They hope to be able to equip artists with more advanced technology and specialised facilities to improve the quality of their work at Deptford’s Vessels. This would also advocate more experimentation and variation in the art produced.
Deptford X Recent collaborations with Deptford X have motivated the Arthouse’s plans to be situated in the heart of the town centre, along the High Street. Founded in 1998, Deptford X began as a visual arts festival rooted in public spaces all around Deptford. Since then, the festival has become an annual event which actively engages with the public as installations occupy a range of spaces and buildings in Deptford. Besides that, the organisation hosts year-round events and exhibitions at their gallery located along Brookmill Road.
Deptford’s Vessels
Regeneration in Deptford
Source: http://loveitlewisham.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/lewisham-arthouse.png. (10 Feb 2018).
47
Cost & Funding
Lewisham Arts Festival crowdfunding
Lewisham Arthouse is a non-profit organisation which is funded by the Arts Council, England from the National Lottery Fund. Between 2015 and 2018, £1.1 billion (£700 million of which was from the National Lottery) from the public and government was invested in developing arts and culture experiences everywhere. Similarly, the proposal will be funded by the Arts Council for a period of organisational research and development. Besides that, the proposal will also receive funding from the Lewisham Council. The council runs the Lewisham Arts Festival Fund yearly which would be able to support up to 70% of the cost. The Fund supports projects which prioritise: • • • • • •
enhancing the local identity. generating new participants / audiences. engaging and enriching the community. strengthening local areas and partnerships. providing opportunities for professional growth of local artists. local economic development.
The proposal would also adopt a similar method in covering the running costs of Lewisham Arthouse. Artists and studio members will be encouraged to invest a minimum of 5 hours a month towards the running of the studio. This could include lending their skills to run workshops, courses or events. Through this, Lewisham Arthouse is currently able to raise up to £27000 anually.
48
5 hrs / month to run workshops, courses & events.
Source:
Big Lottery Fund
Lewisham Arthouse Arts Council England Lewisham Council
collab.
artists / members Other than regular workshops and courses, the proposal would also run a ceramic 3D printing facility and have a small gallery space which would house art exhibitions and events in partnership with Deptford X. Memberships for these services and events would help generate a portion of the income.
Deptford’s Vessels
exhibitions/events
https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea/regeneration/improvements-to-parks/ BeckenhamPlacePark/PublishingImages/parks_for_people_england_pink[1].JPG http://loveitlewisham.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/lewisham-arthouse.png http://literatureworks.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Arts-Council-Featured.jpg https://tsip.co.uk/images/clients/lewisham-1000.png
Planning Context The proposal has been designed in accordance to the Lewisham Local Development Framework (LDP). A key document within this policy that has been referenced and that is The Core Strategy. The Core Strategy has been carefully prepared and was derived from the Lewisham Sustainable Community Strategy (SCS) 2008–2020 to structure its objectives and achieve Vision 2026.
Lewisham Local Development Framework (LDF)
National Guidance Regional Policy / Guidance (Mayor of London) Local plans / strategies Local Strategic Partnership Local evidence reports
Source: https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/ policy/Documents/CoreStrategyAdoptedVersion.pdf. (11 Feb 2018).
Assessments
•
Core Strategy [ objectives ] :
Lewisham Sustainable Community Strategy (SCS)
Physical and socio economic benefits •
Increase supply and quality of housing accommodate the diverse needs of population.
•
Increase access to number, quality and range of employment opportunities
•
Encourage and facilitate access to education, training and employment opportunities.
•
Improve quality and vitality of Lewisham’s town centres and localities.
Housing Provision and distribution Local housing need Economic activity and local businesses Climate change Flood risk reduction and water management Waste management Transport and accessibility Open spaces and environmental assets Community wellbeing
to
• Maximise Lewisham’s contribution to sustainable future by reducing waste and effective use of resources. • Protect and enchance parks, open spaces and biodiversity. •
Improve access to sustainable modes of transport within borough and connections to London
•
Reduce overall level of crime below the London average.
• Champion diversity and contribution made to borough’s quality of life.
Protect and enhance Lewisham’s character
Other policies considered : • Local Development Scheme • Statement of Community Involvement • Annual Monitoring Report • Development Management • Site Allocations • Area Action Plans • Supplementary Planning Documents
49
Procurement Route: Traditional Contract MANAGEMENT TI ME
Works start on site as soon as possible.
• •
Relatively fast. Construction time reduced as design and building proceed in parallel.
• •
Relatively slow. All information best completed at tender stage.
• •
Client has control over standards. Main contractor responsible for quality of material and workmanship.
•
Client has less control over design details and choice of sub-contractors. Contractor’s design expertise limited.
• •
Detailed design before tender. Main Contractor responsible for achieving quality on site.
•
Cost determined at the outset, when drawings • and specifications have been started by client.
Cost and completion date guaranteed.
• • •
Certainty in cost before construction. Clear accountability and cost monitored at all stages of project. Lump sum.
COST
QUALI TY
C OS T
RISK
RESPONSIBILITY
•
•
Lies mainly with the client.
•
Lies mainly or wholly with main contractor.
•
Generally balanced between all parties.
• •
Design can be developed during construction. Main contractor able to adjust programme and cost.
•
Limited without cost penalties after contract signed. Development of details or substitution flexible to contractor’s advantage.
•
Client has good amount of control over design and changes.
•
Delivery depends on main contractor’s • capability and management skills. Trust between client and contractor essential. •
Could be clear, unless client’s requirements • detailed as this reduces reliance on contractor. • Role of architect may also be neglected, unless novated.
Clear. Confusion possible when contractor or subcontractors and suppliers have design input.
FLEXIBILITY A Traditional Contract has been chosen as the procurement route for this proposal. The cost and quality of the building have been prioritised as the design involves many bespoke and customised components. Seeing that the building would be built to last over a long period of time as well, the quality of the kilns would have to be ensured. Cost is given a considerable amount of priority to ensure Lewisham Arthouse is capable to expand their facilities and uphold their princibples as a non-profit organisation.
TRADITIONAL
•
TIME
QUALITY
DESIGN & BUILD
•
Comparison of Procurement Routes
•
Source: http://www.construction-innovation.info/images/pdfs/Research_library/ResearchLibraryC/2006-034-C/reports/Report_-_Capital_Works_Procurement_-_The_ Selection_of_a_Building_Procurement_Method.pdf
50
Project Team
FUNDS / SUPPORT
Quantity Surveyor Structural Engineer
desig n
ARCHITECT
Tender Stage
The client, architect and main contractor would constantly work together and communicate on the proposal as early as possible during design and construction stages. This way the proposed agenda and design intentions would be strictly followed and achieved. The architect and main contractor would have control during the design and construction stages respectively and be able to consult the clients throughout, should there be any variations or irregularities. The main contractor would be fully liable of any risks in the construction stage and is responsible for the quality of the proposal. The architect would work closely with the design consultant team (consisting of the quantity surveyor, structural engineer and historic buildings consultant).
Historic Buildings Consultant CLIENT
Information exchange Contractual link
Sub-contractors
Specialists
• • • • • •
• • • •
Demolition Works Contractor Landscape Architect Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Party Wall Surveyor ROL Surveyor Security Consultant
Suppliers
construction
MAIN CONTRACTOR
Highway Traffics Consultant Fire Safety Officer Masonry Ceramics Equipment
51
Roles & Responsibilities / Plan of Work
RIBA Plan of Work 2013
STAGE 0 Strategic Definition
Traditional Contract Stage Overview
Business Justification
STAGE 1 Preparation & Brief
STAGE 2 Concept Design
This section describes the roles and responsibilities of the client and architect at each work stage of the proposal.
• • • •
CLIENT
•
Feasibility Studies
Identifies business need. • Establishes an internal organisational structure for the project. • Prepares preliminary business case. Develops statement of need into initial strategic brief. Sets initial budget and funding options.
Project Brief
Appoints consultant team and main • contractor. Develops strategic brief with • consultant team and main contractor. • • •
• •
Identifies client’s business case. Discuss project programme.
• • •
ARCHITECT
• • • •
Source: https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/PlanOfWork.aspx https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Traditional_contract:_ outline_work_plan. (10 Feb 2018).
52
Assess site information. Coordinates consultations with local authority and other statutory authorities. Asseses possible planning permission requirements. Initial cost appraisals prepared. Coordinates site surveys. Establishes requirements for statutory approvals and other regulations. Coordinates consultations with utility providers
Concept Design
5. DET
Reviews and updates business plan • and project execution. Agrees Schedule of Services, Design Responsibility Matrix and Information • Exchanges. Prepare handover strategy and risk assessments. Confirms site waste management plan. Delivers project brief to other stakeholders who may be involved in further development of the project.
Updates project execution plan according to feedback from previous stage. Considers outline or detailed planning application.
Updates projec comments. Issues party wa wall surveyor. Identifies requi (May) instruct v if unsatisfied w
•
Carries out additional site appraisals or surveys neccessary. Coordinates preparation of concept design to present to client, and if approved, to other stakeholders.
Coordinates d design based o Coordinates co aspects with cli Consultations insurance provi Issues tender d
•
Presents final d requests appr contractors. Coordinates a approvals and specifications f
STAGE 3 Developed Design
Detailed Design
plan according • tage. ailed planning • • •
appraisals or •
concept design approved, to • • • • •
STAGE 4 Technical Design
Production Information
Updates project execution plan to • reflect comments. Issues party wall notices and appoints party wall surveyor. Identifies requirements for equipment. (May) instruct value management exercise if unsatisfied with tenders reveived.
Agrees on programme for preparation • of product information, identification of work packages, sequencing and coordination procedures with project team. •
Coordinates development of detailed • design based on approved concept design. • Coordinates consultation about functional aspects with client and stakeholders. Consultations with statutory • authorities, insurance providers, neighbours etc. Issues tender documentation. Presents final detailed design to client and requests approval to appoint specialist contractors. Coordinates applications for statutory approvals and others once design and specifications frozen and client satisfied.
Instigates discussions with client • regarding tendering and construction. Prepares schedule of information for • preparation of product information, roles, programme and document control system. Coordinates outstanding information for building regulations and other statutory approvals.
STAGE 5 Construction
Tender
Gives neccessary instructions regarding lists of approved contractors, form of contract, contract conditions and allocation of risk. Receives tender appraisals from consultant team, instructs main contractor to negotiate with preferred tenders (role may vary with stage of project).
STAGE 6 Handover & Close Out
Construction
• • • • • •
Coordinates preparation of tender • documentation. Reviews tender documents and issues • instructions for ammendments where • neccessary. • •
STAGE 7 In Use
Occupation & Defects Liability Period
Confirms suitable welfare facilities provided and construction • phase plan is in place. • Reviews construction progress reports prepared by contractor. Makes payment to contractor by final date for payment. Begins preparations for occupation, including operational policy, migration strategy and management of transition. Assesses construction stage report. Attends handover meeting wtih main contractor.
Reports any defects to main contractor. If rectification works significant, client may reappoint designer.
Coordinates preparation of additional information if required • by main contractor. Reviews design information provided by contractor. Attends regular construction progress meetings held by contractor. Agrees with client on procedures for inspections, commissioning, testing and client training with contractor. Coordinates preparation of building log book and health and safety file.
Advises contractor to rectify defects.
11. POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
53
Project Programme Work Stage ACTIVITY STAGE 0 : Strategic Definition STAGE 1 : Preparation and Brief STAGE 2 : Concept Design Cost Check + Client Approval Outline Planning Application STAGE 3 : Developed Design Cost Check + Client Approval Detailed Planning Application STAGE 4 : Technical Design Cost Check +Client Approval Building Warrant App. A (Substructure + underground drainage) Building Warrant App. B (Superstructure) Tender Documents Tender Period Tender Report Client Approval Financial Close STAGE 5 : Construction Site Mobilisation Contract Period STAGE 6 : Handover + Close Out STAGE 7 : In Use
54
Time Period 1 2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
1 YE A R DU R AT IO N
Project Timeline The proposal will be built in two phases, whereby Phase 1 are the kilns, to be in use for a period of time in Giffin Square before the start of Phase 2. The kilns are to be symbolic and the life of the building will eventually end in the same form, with just the kilns standing once again.
2018
Design : Phase 1
2019
Constr uction : Phase 1
Works Complete : Phase 1 1. 2.
Site Clean-up Handover
In the future, the building is imagined to be just of the kilns once again. Symbolic of what was once there.
The kilns will stand in the square for a period of 1 year as a symbol / monument of making in Deptford. The public will be able to use this square until the next building phase.
2020
2021
2022
2023
Design : Phase 2 Approval
Design : Phase 2
Occupation / In Use
Constr uction : Phase 2
Design : Phase 1 1.
Planning
2.
Approval Construction : Phase 1
Construction : Phase 2
Works Complete : Phase 2
1.
Site clearance - Site boundary setup -Traffic diversion
1.
Site clearance - Site boundary setup - Traffic diversion
1. 2. 3.
2.
Demolition works
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Excavation Foundation Structure Cladding & Facade M&E Landscape
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Excavation Foundation Structure Flooring Walls Openings (Doors/Windows) Access (Stairs/Ramps) Cladding & Facade M&E Finishes (Walls/Floor) Fittings Landscape
Site Clean-up Testing Hand-over
1. 2.
Maintenance Repairs / Defects
55
Risks The project runs a number of risks during the design, construction and in-use stages. These risks are defined and broken down into different categories in order to take the neccessary measures for each process.
TECHNICAL • • • • •
Incorrect choice of material Low involvement of client Miscommunication Errors in drawings of information Incompetent staff or lack of availability
CONSTRUCTION • • • • •
FINANCIAL • • • Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/CDM_2015. (16 Feb 2018).
56
Cost over-run Insufficient funding Slow income
Late or incomplete surveys Breach of Health and Safety on site Delayed works Bad weather conditions Inadequete equipment
OPERATIONAL • • •
Misuse or mishandling of equipment / facilities Energy inefficiency Damage to property
III.
Building Construction
Site Office & Delivery
D EP TF O RD
The site office would be located along Frankahm Street, on the portion parallel to Deptford High Street. The office cabin and storage space will occupy 7 existing parking bays for the period of construction. The site is accessible for delivery from Deptford Church Street onto Giffin Street or Frankham street.
ET H IG H ST RE
The site would have to be strictly cordoned off to the public for health and safety reasons as the High Street becomes busy particularly on market days each week (Wednesday, Thursday, Friday).
WAVE L E N G T H S L E I S URE CE N T RE
DEPT
D E P T F O RD L O UN G E
FORD CHU RCH
GIFFI N STRE ET
Proposed Site
STRE
DOUG LAS WAY
ET
FRAN KHAM STRE ET
Site office Storage Delivery
1:1250
59
Deptford Lounge Tidemill Academy
Demolition & Site Clearance Once all necessary contracts and notices have been approved by the Lewisham council, demolition works can begin on site. To ensure the safety of the public whilst works are being carried out, a portion of GIffin Street and Deptofrd High Street would have to be cordoned off and traffic diverted. Site hoarding will be installed and all building material and debris to be sorted for reconditioning / recyclying and disposed of appropriately, in skips.
Existing Site
60
extended demolition zone
90 Deptford High St
Proposed Site extent of site boundary and hoarding perimeter
Site Setting-Out Due to the complex nature of the building’s outline, to establish an accurate setting out point to work with, a (site) boundary enclosing the entire footprint or greater is laid out. This can be done based on permanent fixtures such as manholes, posts or existing neighbouring buildings. From here, various deductions and alterations can then be made to obtain an accurate building outline.
Site boundary
Source: Designing Buildings Wiki, https://www. designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/How_to_layout_a_building (23 Mar 2018).
TIDEMILL
ACADEMY
14 377
37 251 13 992 DEPTFORD LOUNGE
25 300
DEPTF
41 900
IGH ST ORD H
3 481
12 270 GIFFIN ST
16 991
D O U G L A S W AY
12 893
29 583
2843
11 959
FRANKHAM ST
1:500
61
Construction Sequence The construction of the building happens in a sequence of a few key events. The vessels will be constructed before the spaces around it, strengthening its status as a symbol of making in Deptford. The public would be able to view these vessels for a short period of time, and at the same time learn the complexity of the construction of these carefully crafted spaces of making. Construction works will be prohibited from 8pm 7am (Mon - Fri) and 8pm - 9am on weekends and public holidays, due to high noise levels within a fairly residential area.
Site boundary
Excavation • •
62
After carefully surveying the nature of the ground / soil, the site is excavated, avoiding any underground works / pipes. The basement / plant room areas of the four units are carved out.
Landscape & Foundation • • •
Foundations and retaining walls are constructed. A contiguous piling system is used for the vessels ( refer to detail on page 20). The landscape is carved out: rainwater collection pools and a sunken courtyard area.
Viewing
Vessels • • •
The ground floor slabs are constructed. The vessels are erected and left for a period of time. Each vessel, surrounded by a rainwater collection pool.
Studios & Residential Units Site temporarily opened to the public for viewing after necessary site clean-up and safety measures are taken.
• • •
As construction works commence, the building site is restricted to workers only. Studios on the ground floor and residential units above are constructed. Private stairwells / circulation cores are also built.
63
Site Plan The building footprint is broken down into four main units. The sunken courtyard aims to promote an ideal public space where people can wander into whilst having glimpses of making happening in the ceramics studios on ground level. The arrangement on site advocates permeability and a relationship between the street and a regenerated public space (Giffin Square).
Site boundary
TIDEMILL
ACADEMY
DEPTFORD LOUNGE
DEPTF IGH ORD H ST
GIFFIN ST
D O U G L A S W AY
FRANKHAM ST
1:500
64
Massing & Levels Demarcation The massing of the building can be broken down into several types / categories: vessels, residential, studios, cafe, circulation, landscape and basement. The spaces are quite clearly defined on each level. The upper level, being more private consists of mainly the residential units whilst the ground floor is open to the public, with the art studios and cafe.
Vessels
Residential
Studios & Cafe
Circulation
Landscape
Basement / Plant
Deptford High Street
65
Proposed General Arrangement Lower Ground Floor Plan The proposed building only has one level below ground. The mixing of clay is located on the lower ground floor of the scheme, directly below the 3D printing workshop, as it is a damp and wet process. Naturally there is less solar gain here and therefore, a more suitable temperature for this to take place. Plant rooms for each unit are also located here, at the base of the vessels.
3. 2.
1 2 3 4
3D printer mixture input Clay mixing Wash area Plant room
1. 4.
4.
1:200
66
4.
4.
Ground Floor Plan The four units / blocks are arranged around a sunken courtyard where the vessels are prominent. People are able to wander into this space through narrow alleys. Rainwater collection pools and seating areas form the landscape of the courtyard, making it a comfortable place to gather. The ceramic studios and 3D printing workshop are located on this level, making it easy for passers-by to see artists at work. This continues to animate Deptford High Street with all its active shop fronts and street market.
3.
1.
11. 6. 10.
1 Kilns 2 3D printing workshop 3 Tech room 4 Ceramic studio 5 Dry room 6 Cafe 7 Kitchen (Commercial) 8 Residential core 9 Courtyard 10 Rain collection pool 11 WC
2. 1.
8.
7.
10.
9. 10.
5.
10. 11.
1. 1.
5.
4.
4.
11.
8. 8.
1:200
67
First Floor Plan Residential units are located on the upper floor, except for the main unit where the workshop / kiln areas continue. Utilities such as the kitchen and bathrooms are strategically positioned above or near the kilns below. Excess heat can be transferred and reused easily in these domestic spaces. Each unit has its private core / access. The small library / gallery space is also located on this level.
7. 2. 8.
1 Library / Gallery 2 Bedroom 3 Bathroom 4 Living 5 Kitchen 6 Dining 7 Balcony 8 Kilns
1. 3.
8.
7.
4.
6. 5.
2.
2.
5.
5.
6.
6. 4. 4. 3.
7.
1:200
68
3. 7.
The types of spaces on each level vary. Levels of privacy and required temperatures for specific processes influence this. The majority of the studios / creative spaces are located on ground level, easily visible and accessible to the public. Residential units on the upper floor, are away from the street and more industrial processes happen in the basement such as the mixing of clay and plant rooms / services.
First Floor
Areas & Zoning
50 m²
47 m²
41 m² 69 m²
264 m²
Studio / Workshops
Public Residential Circulation
Ground Floor
Kilns
55 m²
Plant Room 220 m²
84 m²
Basement
129 m²
30 m² 107 m²
128 m²
NTS
69
Proposed Section AA Scale 1:200 @ A3 The proposed building sits on Giffin Square, a strategic place for people to meet in Deptford. Just adjacent to Deptford Lounge – it carves out a landscape just in front of it enabling a seamless transition between Deptford High Street and the Lounge.
Deptford Lounge
Tidemill Academy
Deptford High St
Proposal
70
10.
Section AA
Scale 1:100 @ A3 1 Kilns 2 Residential 3 Kitchen (Residential) 4 Kitchen (Commercial / Cafe) 5 3D printing workshop 6 Clay mixing 7 Plant room 8 Private core (Residential) 9 Courtyard 10 Main kiln flue
8. 5.
1.
3.
5.
2.
4. 1. 9.
6. 7.
7.
71
Proposed Section BB Scale 1:200 @ A3 There are two shared surface roads on the north and south side of the proposed building, enabling pedestrian movement, cyclists and small vehicles through (at restricted times) for ease of delivery. The proposed building line goes along with the undulating roof scape of Deptford High Street.
Deptford Lounge
Deptford High St
Deptford High St
Proposal
72
9.
Section BB
Scale 1:100 @ A3 1 Kilns 2 Residential 3 Kitchen (Residential) 4 Ceramics studio 5 Clay mixing 6 Plant room 7 Private core (Residential) 8 Courtyard 9 Main kiln flue
3.
1.
1.
2.
7.
1.
1.
1.
4.
8.
5.
6.
73
Foundation / Basement Detail 1
Scale 1:20 @ A3 The proposed building has only one level below ground, therefore a simple retaining wall structure is used. No underpinning of the neighbouring buildings is required as it sits a safe 5.5m away. Reinforced concrete walls are used, with appropriate water-proofing and strip foundation.
2
3
4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Insulating drainage mat 100mm rigid insulation Damp proof membrane 600mm reinforced concrete retaining wall 25mm plasterboard 300mm concrete slab 100mm rigid insulation Damp proof course 50mm screed finish Concrete footing
11 12 13
Coarse gravel Perimeter drainage Filter fabric
*All structural design is in compliance with Part A of building regulations.
5
6
12
13
Source: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/429060/BR_PDF_ AD_A_2013.pdf (26 Mar 2018).
11
74
10
7
8
9
Vessel Wall–Slab Detail Scale 1:20 @ A3 1
The vessels which hold the kilns are of a steel structure and clad in 3D printed clay panels. A steel structure is used for the flexibility of a light and customisable form of the vessel. The steel structure enables services to run through the walls easily, necessary for the efficient reusing of excess heat from the kilns. Similarly, a composite steel deck flooring system is used for this, allowing the spaces to be heated through underfloor heating, and for ease of maintenance.
2
3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5
30mm ultra-high performance concrete panel 12.5mm fire resistant board Service cavity Hot-rolled steel frame (dims to engineer’s specs.) 150mm polyeurathane insulation 12.5mm sheathing 50mm steel stud Horizontal rail and clip system Air gap 3D printed clay cladding panel
6 7 8
9
11 Hot-rolled steel beam (dims to engineer’s specs.) 12 50mm screed 13 50mm polyeurathane insulation 14 Cast in-site concrete slab 15 Under-floor heating pipe 16 Profiled steel decking 17 Skirting 18 Recessed downlight 19 Steel hanger rod and keel 20 25mm acoustic ceiling tile
10 12
13
14
15
16 17
11
20
19
18
75
22 19
23
20 21
Vessel Rooflight–Wall Detail
24
Scale 1:20 @ A3 Each vessel is fitted with a rooflight. For further natural lighting and ventilation, windows are installed along the upper half (openable mechanically). 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
30mm ultra-high performance concrete panel 12.5mm fire resistant board Hot-rolled steel frame (dims to engineer’s specs.) 150mm polyeurathane insulation 12.5mm sheathing Vaopur barrier Horizontal rail and clip system 50mm steel stud Air gap 3D printed clay cladding panel
2
3 4
5 6
11 Steel lintol 12 Timber batten 13 20mm gap double glazing 14 Concrete window sill 15 Sealant 16 Concrete sill with drip 17 Services cavity 18 Skirting 19 20mm gap double glazing, 5mm thick panel 20 Aluminium capping 21 22 23 24
7 8 9 10
11
Aluminium gutter Timber batten Steel coping Steel drip profile
12
13
14 18
17
76
15 16
Vessel–Roof Detail Scale 1:20 @ A3 The junction between the vessels and the rest of the proposed building provide an opportunity for more daylight to enter these spaces. ‘Slits’ are created where the building meets the vessels. The rest of the building, clad in primarily concrete.
1 16
2
20 25 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
30mm ultra-high performance concrete panel 12.5mm fire resistant board Hot-rolled steel frame (dims to engineer’s specs.) Services cavity Hot-rolled steel beam (dims to engineer’s specs.) 3D printed clay cladding panel Air Gap Horizontal rail and clip system 50mm steel stud Aluminium capping
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20mm gap double glazing, 5mm thick panel Aluminium gutter 50mm polyeurathane insulation Steel beam 12.5mm ceiling plasterboard Steel coping Timber batten 150mm polyeurathane insulation 75mm polyeurathane insulation 12.5mm sheathing
3
22
17 18
7
23
24
25
13
19
8
26
27
20 4
21
9
18
10
11
12
5
31 13
14
30
29
28
15
21 50mm pre-fab concrete panel 22 Steel drip profile 23 Flashing 24 100mm concrete slab 25 Vapour barrier 26 Cast in-situ concrete slab 27 Profiled steel decking 28 200mm polyeurathane insulation 29 Recessed downlight 30 25mm ceiling tile 31
Steel hanger rod and keel
77
Assembly of Components Construction sequence of vessel The vessels consist of several key components. The steel structure provides flexibility and ease for joints and connections to other parts of the proposed building, and a straightforward assembly. All components are to be fabricated off site.
1
1 1
2
2
1
3
1 2 3
Foundation
78
1Âş Structure
Flooring
2Âş Structure
Cladding
The vessel stands on a contiguous concrete piling system. Pre-fab concrete panels are then added as the base walls. This space within holds services and other plant equipment required for the levels above.
The frame of the vessel, is made of hot-rolled steel – easily customisable to the irregular shape of the building. This also makes it easier for joints to the rest of the building.
Composite steel decking is used for the floors. This is to enable ease of running services through the building. Excess heat from kilns can be reused easily through under-floor heating within this structure.
A secondary structure or frame is installed. This consists of horizontal steel rails and steel studs. The cladding panels can then be attatched onto the vessel.
The cladding is divided into panels due to size restrictions of transport and the 3D printer. However this gives an ease of maintenance should one of the panels need replacing.
1 2 3
1 2
1
1 2 3
1
Pre-fab concrete foundation wall Concrete pile cap Contiguous concrete piles
Hot-rolled steel frame Floor beams
Composite steel deck
Horizontal steel rail Steel studs 3D printed clay cladding panel
3D printed clay cladding panel
Material Palette The building takes on a neutral material palette. The vessels are to be clad in the 3D printed panels, which are made of a light coloured clay. The layers of the 3D print, to be expressed. The interior wall finish will be ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) panels; light weight and high in tensile strength. The floor, a polished screed. This is to wihtstand heavy duty processes happening within the kiln. And the base of the kilns will have a brushed concrete texture, a contrast between the light-coloured refined panels above.
Cladding
Interior Wall
Interior Floor Source: Cladding http://oliviervanherpt.com/img/3d-printing-ceramics-closeup.jpg Interior Wall https://targwall.co.uk/product/light-concrete-pvc-wallpanel/ Interior Floor https://www.textures.com/category/concrete/355
Foundation Wall
Foundation Wall https://www.123rf.com/photo_15059658_background-ofconcrete-with-textured-brushed-finish.html (31 Mar 2018).
+ 0.00
Contiguous Piles
79
Vessel Facade Detail Exploded axonometric of cladding
8
9
The diagram shows the wall build-up of the vessel. The cladding panels are easily installed. As they are 3D printed, each piece is customisable and fit together accurately.
1 3D printed clay cladding panel 2 Steel stud and rail 3 Vapour barrier 4 Sheathing 5 150mm polyeurathane insulation 6 Steel frame structure 7 Services 8 12.5mm fire resistant board 9 (UHPC) concrete panel
7
6
5
4 3 2
1
80
1500
1500
Facade elevation sample The cladding is a make up of two types of geometries / tiles, although printed as one solid. TIle Type 01 is solid, whilst Type 02 is designed to channel water through. The diagram is an example of how these two tiles come together as a panel. They are arranged in a way so that water can be channeled down to the base of the vessel for rainwater collection. For the concrete base of the vessel, recycled aggregate such as crushed brick from demolished buildings in the area is used. It is found that concrete of such composition has improved thermal properties.
1500
The size of the panels are dependent on the maximum dimensions that could fit on a lorry to be transported. For cleaning and maintenance, a cherrypicker would be used to reach the top of the vessels, and a jetspray used to celan the facade.
8000 2500
2500
Lorry dimensions
160
65
90
70
Tile dimensions
81
IV.
Building Performance
Heating
6
In achieving thermal comfort, the average temperature in London is considered. The graph below shows the average minimum and maximum temperature throughout the year (data from 2016). Based on CIBSE Guide A, the ideal temperature for a space that involves light work (ie. a studio) the ideal temperature would be 16–19 ºC, whilst dwellings and other spaces (cafe, reading room etc.) may be an average of 19ºC. Heating would be required in these spaces primarily during the winter when the average temperature outside drops below 10ºC. Amongst the elements which would assist in heating the spaces would be the kilns, a ground source heat pump and underfloor heating. Excess heat from the kilns would be reintroduced into the heating system, making sure as much heat as possible is reused. This heat can be distributed easily through the underfloor heating system.
Heating system in vessel 1 2 3 4 5 6
Geothermal Piles Heat Pump Underfloor heating Kilns in use Excess heat recovered Fumes expelled through flue
Temperature control is also crucial for different processes in making ceramics. Where the clay is mixed and processed for the 3D printers, in the lower ground level, less heating is needed. Besides that, finished work is placed adjacent to the vessels (kiln rooms) so the excess heat may dry these pieces completely.
30 ºC
20 ºC
THERMAL COMFORT 10 ºC
5 4
0 ºC
-10 ºC
3 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Average Temperature in London (2016) Cooling
Cooling
Heating
Heating
4 3
5
r
May
n
Feb
Jun
Mar
Jul
Apr
Aug
Sep
Oct
May
Jun
Jul
Nov
Aug
Dec
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Source: CIBSE Guide A: Environmental Design, https://www.cambeep.eng.cam.ac.uk/References/cibse/at_download/file (02 Apr 2018). https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-min-max-Temperature,London,United-Kingdom (02 Apr 2018). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/540326/BR_PDF_AD__ L1A__2013_with_2016_amendments.pdf (01 April 2018).
84
1
2
Geothermal Heating System The geothermal heating system is used as an efficient way for heating and cooling. Although it is more expensive to install, it is quieter, longer lasting, safe, more environmentally friendly and energy saving. The system also does not depend on the fluctuating temperature outside. The system would be installed as piles into the ground. The diagram below shows how the system runs as a closed loop. Additionally, the system would help keep the kilns temperature at a constant when not in use, so the temperature would not drop too low and use more energy to be heated again. 1 1 2 3 4
Ground loop transfers heat as a working fluid Pressure increases and raises vapour temperature Heat transferred to underfloor heating Working fluid expands causing it to cool
2
3 Source: http://tidewatermechanical.com/geothermal-heat-pumps/ (02 Apr 2018).
4
5 6 COMPRESSOR
7 8
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSOR
+ 0.00
Underfloor Heating EXPANSION VALUE
Heat Pump System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
50mm screed 50mm insulation Concrete slab Profiled steel decking Underfloor heating pipes Steel beam Steel rod and keel Acoustic ceiling panel
GROUND LOOP
85
Proposal
Daylight & Sunlight The buildings along Deptford High Street are relatively low rise. With the intentions of keeping this uniformity of height and not overshadowing its context, alternative ways of getting more natural light into the proposed building have been made. There are multiple lightwells (in mainly the circulation cores) and ‘gaps’ between spaces to allow light through into the deeper parts of the plan.
340º
350º
N 0º
10º
10º
330º
First Floor
20º 30º
20º
320º
Deptford Lounge
40º
30º 50º
310º 40º 300º
21 JUNE 60º
50º 60º
290º
70º
21
70º 280º
80º
80º 90º
270º W
JU
N
90º E
260º
100º
110º
250º
120º
240º 130º
230º
21 DEC
140º
220º 150º
210º 200º
190º
S 180º
170º
21 DEC
160º
Sun path diagram of the proposed site
Ground Floor Sun Path Light Wells
Glazing NTS
86
Lightwell
Natural & Artificial Lighting The diagram demonstrates how the spaces are lit naturally as well as artificially. Where the spaces are naturally lit, solar gain occurs as well, contributing to the passive heating of the building.
Artificial lighting Natural light
Recessed downlight detail; Scale 1:20 @A3
87
Ventilation
3
The proposed building optimises the use of natural ventilation through openings and the vessels. A majority of the windows are openable. The vessels each have a rooflight as well, which allows for stack ventilation. This occurs when the heat being produced by the kilns are naturally pushed upwards by cold air that comes into the building horizontally throught the building. The hot air rises, and of which cannot be recovered is expelled through the openings towards the top of the vessels. Similarly, this concept is used for the circulation cores. In relation to the flues of the kilns, the design has been made to comply with Part J of building regulations. The bends in the flues are no more than 45º and are compartmentalised for fire safety. Unwanted fumes from the kilns are expelled through these flues. The windows which are in places difficult to reach by the occupant eg. at the top of the vessels, can be controlled via the building’s management system. All other windows are operable by the occupants. Confined spaces such as the plant room, storage and WCs are fitted with a mechanical ventilation system. 1 Stack ventilation 2 Air flow in 3 Air flow out 4 windows
3
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/468872/ADJ_ LOCKED.pdf (03 Apr 2018).
3 3 3 3
3
1
3 1
2
2
Natural Ventilation
88
1
Stack Ventilation
Water & Drainage The proposed building takes advantage of the frequent rainfall. Rainwater is harvested in the pools of the landscape, just at the base of each vessel. The cladding of the facade, as previously mentioned, is designed to channel water down to these pools. The greywater collected can be used for tasks such as flushing, and even filtered for the mixing of clay. The greywater and clean water are stored in separate tanks and used accordingly. The most consumption of water happens on the first floor, where the dwellings are. Bathrooms and kitchens take up the most water supply. Whereas in the studios, water is only needed periodically.
5
1 Rainwater 2 Rainwater channeled down to pool 3 Water storage tanks 4 Greywater for use 5 Clean water supply
4
1
1
5
CLEAN WATER
1
1 2
GREYWATER
1
2
5 4
3
3 5
Rainwater System
NTS
Water Supply
89
Acoustics Good acoustic performance is crucial for the proposed building due to its mixed use. The main sources of noise would be from the High Street, and studios / workshop. It is important that noises from these public areas of the building do not disrupt the private dwellings above. Therefore, composite slabs are used as they have been found to have good acoustic properties, because of its mixture of layers and material properties. The reverberation rate for the floor system used is between 52 – 57 dB. The composition of the walls also provide good soundproofing. 1 2 3 4
Noise from Deptford High Street Noise from workshop machinery Noise from kilns Acoustic ceiling panel
Source: https://www.steelconstruction.info/File:SCI_P322.pdf?internal_link (01 Apr 2018).
3
3
3
3
1
4
2
Composite Slab
90
Noise Source
Fire Strategy Fire escapes and routes The proposed building design priorities fire safety, taking into consideration appropriate fire escapes and running distances which comply with Part B of building regulations. Seeing that the kilns (vessels) are areas of high risk, a compartmentation strategy is used. The vessels are also lined with fire resistant layer to reduce the risk of fire spreading to other parts of the building. Fire doors are located at all entrances to main spaces. The diagrams below demonstrate the isolation of high risk rooms and all possible escape routes. On the basement level, the circulation cores are enclosed. FIre escape hatches to road level is also provided for the main workshop, where there is a bigger area. 1 2 3
Fire exit Fire resistant layer Fire escape hatch
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441669/BR_ PDF_AD_B2_2013.pdf (29 Mar 2018).
NTS
91
Site evacuation and assembly points There are two assembly points located near the building site should the occupants need to evacuate the building. These points are further than the minimum required distance from the building (twice the building height), 18m. An estimated response time from the nearest fire station (Deptford Fire Station on Evelyn Street, 0.6 / 0.9 miles away) is 3-4 minutes.
Evacuation route Assembly point Fire engine access
DEPTF IGH ORD H ST GIFFIN ST
D O U G L A S W AY
FRANKHAM ST
1:500
92
Accessibility Accessibility for all has been taken into account of the proposed building design, complying with Part L and Part M of building regulations. This is especially apparent on ground level. 1
2
3
Seeing that there is a change in level from the street to the courtyard, ramps are provided for wheelchair users so they may access this public realm as well. All ramps are 1.5m, the minimum width required for two wheelchairs moving in opposite directions.
1
A drop-off point is provided on Frankham Street, near enough to the communal entrances. Disabled parking is located further down the street. All entrances have a width of 1000mm (the minimum required is 850 mm).
4 3
4
Turning circles of 1500mm in diameter indoors.
5
The public areas of the upper and lower storeys can be accessed using the lift. There is a minimum of 1500mm in front of each lift at every level. The dimensions of the lift carriages comply with Part M of building regulations.
6
Disabled WC located in cafe.
3
5
4
6
5
4
DEPTF
1
IGH ST ORD H
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/540330/BR_PDF_AD_M1_2015_with_2016_amendments_V3.pdf
3 2
4
FRANKHAM ST
4
4 3
2 1
3 2
1:200
93
Building Maintenance & Management The proposed building would have a building management system (BMS) installed to ensure all services and utilities are running efficiently. Amongst the benefits of using such a system is to be able to recognise the building and its spaces needs automatically. Conditions within the building would be controlled and adjusted based on data collected. Therefore, in the long run, operating costs would be reduced as the building is running at a more efficient rate.
Power / Electricity
The diagram shows the areas in which the building management system would cover.
Heating Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building_management_ systems_BMS (23 Mar 2018).
HVAC
Water
Surveillance
Fire Alarm
Access Control
94
95
Bibliography I.
Site, Constraints & Opportunities /
II.
Professional Strategy & Building Delivery
BRIEF | London - Heritage in Transformation | DPU summerLab 2016 series, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/development/sites/bartlett/files/ detailedlondonsummerlabprogramme.pdf. (02 Febr 2018). Changes to parking and traffic on Deptford High Street and Giffin Street, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea/regeneration/deptford/deptfordcentre/Documents/RPZ%20leaflets%20for%20Deptford%20High%20Street.pdf. (30 Jan 2018). Construction Innovation, http://www.construction-innovation.info/images/pdfs/Research_library/ResearchLibraryC/2006-034-C/reports/Report_-_ Capital_Works_Procurement_-_The_Selection_of_a_Building_Procurement_Method.pdf. (12 Feb 2018). Convoys Wharf, http://www.convoys-wharf.com/ourplans.html. (13 Feb 2018). Deptford High street Outer London Fund Submission - Round 2, http://councilmeetings.lewisham.gov.uk/documents/s8045/Appendix%202%20-%20 Deptford%20Outer%20London%20Round%202.pdf. (31 Jan 2018). Deptford is changing: Regenerating the north section of Deptford High Street. https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea/regeneration/deptford/deptfordcentre/Documents/DeptfordHSnorthQandA.pdf. (30 Jan 2018). Deptford Is Forever, http://deptfordisforever.net/dif%202018.html. (15 Feb 2018). Deptford Is Forever, http://deptfordisforever.net/DIF2015.html. (12 Dec 2017). Designing Buildings, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/CDM_2015. (16 Feb 2018). Designing Buildings, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Traditional_contract:_outline_work_plan. (10 Feb 2018). Get The Data, https://www.getthedata.com/crime/giffin-street-SE8. (08 Feb 2018). GOV.UK, https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/london-heat-map. (13 Feb 2018). Highways Act 1980, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/66/section/116. (30 Jan 2018). https://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php#top. (09 Feb 2018).Lewisham Council, 2011 Census, Second Release December 2012. https:// www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea/Documents/2011CensusSecondReleaseDec2012.pdf. (03 Feb 2018).
III.
Building Construction
/
IV.
Building Performance
Chudley, Roy; Greeno, Roger, Building Construction Handbook (1988) CIBSE Guide A: Environmental Design, https://www.cambeep.eng.cam.ac.uk/References/cibse/at_download/file (Accessed 02 Apr 2018). http://mfranzen.ca/pages/cor/tcj3e1_u4.html (18 Mar 2018). http://tidewatermechanical.com/geothermal-heat-pumps/ (02 Apr 2018). http://www.envirotechgeothermal.com/geothermal_advantages.html (01 Apr 2018). http://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/basement-construction-details/ (25 Mar 2018). http://www.hillpiling.com/our-services/continuous-flight-auger/ (21 Mar 2018). http://www.masonrybc.org/wall_details/lintel-support-window-head-wood-5.htm (30 Mar 2018). http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1021-20192012000200013 (22 Mar 2018). h t t p : / / w w w. t h e s e u s . f i / b i t s t re a m / h a n d l e / 1 0 0 2 4 / 1 1 2 9 4 4 / R e c y c l e d % 2 0 a g g re g a t e % 2 0 c o n c re t e % 2 0 % 2 0 a n % 2 0 o v e r v i e w. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (20 Mar 2018). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/429060/BR_PDF_AD_A_2013.pdf (26 Mar 2018). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_management_system (31Mar 2018). https://i.pinimg.com/originals/26/3c/32/263c32df9c4980ca0d4664a10229bb43.jpg (31 Mar 2018). https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b9/26/08/b9260843e345a81e5bf5ca9ea0eee092.jpg (01 Apr 2018). https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e8/97/a3/e897a3afc08dc0e8bfe32f7a63785ad4.jpg (31 Mar 2018). https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f5/4d/37/f54d37dd8a00dedc00940f356d919e74.jpg (01 Apr 2018).
Lewisham Council, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/conservation/Documents/LewishamLocalList2014.pdf. (03 Feb 2018).
https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-min-max-Temperature,London,United-Kingdom (Accessed 02 Apr 2018).
Lewisham Council, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/Documents/StrategicFloodRiskAssesmentupdate2015.pdf. (15 Feb 2018).
https://www.camizu.org/universal-column-sections/ (21 Mar 2018).
Lewisham Council, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/Documents/StrategicFloodRiskAssessmentFiguresAtoF.pdf. (13 Feb 2018).
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building_management_systems_BMS (23 Mar 2018).
Lewisham Council, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/Documents/StrategicFloodRiskAssesmentupdate2015.pdf. (13 Feb 2018).
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Geothermal_pile_foundations (22 Mar 2018).
Lewisham Council, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/myservices/planning/policy/LDF/development-policies/Documents/DMLPSubmissionVersion.pdf. (15 Feb 2018).
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Heat_recovery_for_buildings (22 Mar 2018).
North Lewisham Links, https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea/regeneration/deptford/north-lewisham-links/Pages/default.aspx. (02 Feb 2018).
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Heating_ventilation_and_air_conditioning_HVAC (22 Mar 2018). https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/How_to_layout_a_building (23 Mar 2018).
Outer London Fund / Regeneration Fund, https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/regeneration/regeneration-project-deptford. (02 Feb 2018).
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/468872/ADJ_LOCKED.pdf (03 Apr 2018)
Party Wall etc. Act 1996, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523010/Party_Wall_etc__Act_1996_-_ Explanatory_Booklet.pdf. (28 Jan 2018).
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/540330/BR_PDF_AD_M1_2015_with_2016_amendments_ V3.pdf (29 Mar 2018)
Party Walls and Building Works, https://www.gov.uk/party-walls-building-works. (27 Jan 2018).
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441669/BR_PDF_AD_B2_2013.pdf (29 Mar 2018).
RIBA, https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/PlanOfWork.aspx. (15 Feb 2018).
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/485420/BR_PDF_AD_B1_2013.pdf (29 Mar 2018).
Secured by Design, http://www.securedbydesign.com/industry-advice-and-guides/interactive-design-guide/. (12 Feb 2018).
https://www.highways.today/2017/10/25/mit-concrete-recycled-plastic/ (19 Mar 2018).
Street Check, https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/postcode/se84bw. (03 Feb 2018).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884604000882 (19 Mar 2018).
Vision of Britain, http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10057334/cube/IND_SECTOR_GEN (03 Feb 2018).  
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061806001450 (19 Mar 2018). https://www.steelconstruction.info/File:SCI_P322.pdf?internal_link (01 Apr 2018). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17452759.2016.1209867 (19 Mar 2018).
96
List of Illustrations I.
Site, Constraints & Opportunities /
II.
Professional Strategy & Building Delivery
Pg. 10 https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@51.4815575,-0.0351687,15z?dcr=0. (12 Feb 2018). Pg. 11 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/images/6/60/Deptford1.jpg/ (12 Feb 2018) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Deptford_station_entrance_2013.JPG/1200px-Deptford_station_entrance_2013.JPG. (12 Feb 2018) https://www.justopenedlondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/deptyard1.jpg. (12 Feb 2018). Pg. 12 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England. (11 Dec 2017). http://boroughphotos.org/lewisham/deptford-royal-victoria-victualling-yard-main-gates-at-knocking-off-time-3/. (11 Dec 2017). http://deptfordmisc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/1870-city-of-london-proposed-foreign.html. (11 Dec 2017). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Deptford#/media/File:St_Paul_Deptford4.jpg. (03 Feb 2017).
III.
Building Construction
/
IV.
Building Performance
Pg. 79 Cladding http://oliviervanherpt.com/img/3d-printing-ceramics-close-up.jpg Interior Wall https://targwall.co.uk/product/light-concrete-pvc-wall-panel/ Interior Floor https://www.textures.com/category/concrete/355 Foundation Wall https://www.123rf.com/photo_15059658_background-of-concrete-with-textured-brushed-finish.html
Pg. 14 http://www.victorianlondon.org/thames/docks.htm. (06 Dec 2017). Pg. 15 https://booth.lse.ac.uk/map/12/-0.0737/51.5078/100/0. (17 Dec 2017). Pg. 16 https://www.bing.com/maps. (09 Feb 2018). http://deptfordisforever.net/DIF2015.html. (12 Dec 2017). Pg. 17 http://deptfordisforever.net/DIF2015.html. (12 Dec 2017). http://deptfordisforever.net/dif%202018.html. (15 Feb 2018). Pg. 20 http://www.benfurnival.com/deptford-high-street/. (04 February 2018). https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-jH0r4gs1-mQ/TXEdPL4yijI/AAAAAAAAAfQ/dtlVpVLbQw8/s1600/DSC02691.JPG. (04 February 2018). http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/87963871.jpg. (04 February 2018). https://boroughphotos.org/lewisham/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/LEW_PC-77-11781-1024x725.jpg. (04 February 2018). Pg. 23 https://cdn.thestage.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Albany-Theatre-no-credit-700x455.jpg. (11 Feb 2018). https://hirespace.imgix.net/spaces/251/laban_exterior.jpg?h=1080&w=1920&auto=format&fit=crop&q=40. (11 Feb 2018). http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XwmTMnDerPU/TfRsCu-gN2I/AAAAAAAAAmg/qUdY_m4mCpA/s1600/cockpit_arts2.jpg. (11 Feb 2018). http://www.arthub.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Deptford2.jpg. (11 Feb 2018). http://s3.amazonaws.com/quietus_production/images/articles/23195/APT_building_2012_1505382805_crop_550x356.jpg. (11 Feb 2018). Pg. 36 https://en.squat.net/wp-content/uploads/en/2016/11/Bank_of_no_money_Deptford_South_East_London.jpg. (08 Feb 2018). Pg. 46 http://www.lewishamarthouse.org.uk/ (11 Dec 2017) Pg. 47 http://loveitlewisham.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/lewisham-arthouse.png. (10 Feb 2018).
97