arrival an exploration of city portals Alicia Gabrielle Madriago
arrival an exploration of city portals Alicia Gabrielle Madriago
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
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copyright notice Š 2019 by Alicia Gabrielle Madriago All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Bachelor of Architecture NewSchool of Architecture & Design San Diego, CA First Edition, 2019
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Thesis Abstract How do we revitalize the experience of arriving to new cities? Imagine your plane just landed You’re walking through a long monotonous hallway Past rows and rows of cold grey seating And into a transportation center that is scaleless, industrial, and isolating. You are surrounded by hundreds of people, but you feel alone. Where did the romanticism and excitement go? Around the world, portals today feel the same lacking culture, identity, and entertainment. Arriving to a destination is just another grey room to pass through. Cities need welcoming gates that introduce visitors and intrigues locals. This thesis focuses on a portal near an airport, but is meant for any type of transportation, by creating a portal to the past, an experience for the present, and a promise for the future that transportation hubs will become a place of celebration. Arrival will operate as a gathering space for culture, art, and community.
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
arrival an exploration of city portals
A thesis presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design In partial fullfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture Alicia Gabrielle Madriago June 2019 San Diego, CA
Leonard Zegarski | Undergraduate Chair
Date
Dan Manlongat | Studio Instructor
Date
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Dedication When anxiety and stress were looming over me your love and support never wavered and, for that, I am eternally grateful Thank you for making me who I am today This thesis is for you Mom and Dad I love you so much
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Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the assistance, support, and encouragement of many people. For their wisdom and emotional solace, I am eternally grateful. A special thank you to Dan Manlongat, my professor and close friend. Thank you for constantly challenging my ideas, questioning my theories, and pushing me further than I have ever gone. Thank you for taking me under your wing and mentoring me throughout the years; I will never forget the lessons that you’ve instilled in me. Maxwell Fong, my love, thank you for putting up with my shit. I know thesis has made me crazy, however, I could not have done it without your unconditional support, immense help and invaluable insight. Tyler Napolitano, Madisson Pullen, and Cristian Caldera, your friendship and encouragement throughout the years has been irreplaceable and is something I hold dear to my heart. Margaret Madriago, Barbara Madriago and Keilen Madriago, thank you for going above and beyond as family members in this long journey I’ve been on, I could not have made it through without you. Thank you.
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
13
contents 00
01
02
03 55 Site Criteria
9
Thesis Abstract
21 Problem Statement
28 Research Essay
14
Aknowledgements
23 Thesis Statement
40
Segregation
44
Outdated
13
Dedication
158 Bibliography
160 List of Images
163 List of Illustrations 165 Letter to Readers
22 Critical Position
40 Case Studies 42 46 48
Scaleless Proximity Chaotic
50 Analysis Summary
57 Site Selection
59 Site Research
62 Oakland Background 68 From Airports to Portals
04
05
06
73 Typological Analysis
90 Iterative Masterplan
98 Final Masterplan
78 Program Breakdown
96 Critical Analysis
108 Final Design
75 Typology Description 79 Code Analysis
80 Program Distribution 82 Concept Analysis
92 Iterative Design
100 Final Form Generation 118 Green Technology 122 Critical Analysis 123 Renderings
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01
figure 1.1
21 Problem Statement 22 Critical Position
24 Thesis Statement
“There’s something about arriving in new cities, wandering empty streets with no destination. I will never lose the love for the arriving.� - Charlotte Eriksson
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Problem Statement Transportation hubs are scaleless. Upon entering these spaces, transportation hubs feel large, industrial, and uninviting which feeds the vicious cycle that traveling is not a pleasant experience. Passengers feel obligated to keep their heads down, headphones in, and moving forward to their destination. Professor Ustadi of the Chartered Institute of Logistic and Transport who studies the efficiency of transportation hubs states that “modern transport needs to be efficient, sustainable and functionally integrated to meet passenger demand (p.2, 2016). But what happened to the passengers needs? In a world of constant movement, what experiences can we design to help travelers find serenity and solace when arriving to a new destination?
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Introduction
19
Critical Position What if transportation hubs were designed to connect people to each other as much as they were designed connect people to their end destinations? As designers, we have the opportunity to make transportation hubs an interactive, inviting, and community-centered experience. Although the world is growing and there are more people around us, we feel more isolated. The health insurance company, Cigna, took a nationwide survey of 20,000 adults that reported “54% of responders said ‘they feel that no one actually knows them well’”. According to the National Public Radio (NPR), “56% of people said the people they surround themselves around “are not necessarily with them,” and approximately 40% said they “lack companionship,” their “relationships aren’t meaningful,” and that they feel “isolated from others” (Jenkins, Fortune, 2018). What will happen if no action is taken? If we don’t inject life back into our transportation spaces, what kind of world will we live in? How will this threaten interpersonal relationships? What opportunities to connect will we miss out on? Transportation hubs around the world are connected by a common thread: scalelessness which makes makes people feel small, insignificant, and
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
uncomfortable. Scalelessness can be defined as an architectural space that prioritizes awe and grandeur over the people experiencing these spaces. Will Jones, former editor of World Architecture that wrote about new transport architecture states that, “much of the romanticism of air travel was laid to rest in the mid 1970s and early 80s.” Since airports have lost their glamour, they has become a processing plant for massed bodies. Tom Wilkinson, History Editor of The Architectural Review, wrote, “‘enhanced measures have constipated the airport-machine ever since, necessitating extra room for huge queues and interrogation cubicles. The right to privacy accorded in everyday life is rescinded as we walk shoeless towards the scanners, our intimate belongings displayed to the crowd in plastic bags and trays” (2018). These architectural spaces need to recapture human scale, create comfort, and generate moments for people to pause and appreciate the people and culture around them. Architecture is not only about its aesthetic quality, it is also about the holistic, experiential quality of a space that breathes wonder into those that view it.
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Introduction
21
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Thesis Statement Imagine a world where a transportation hub could be a destination in itself, not just a means to an end destination. By redefining the architecture of transportation hubs as portals, we have the opportunity to create welcoming gates to a city. Today, portals lack scale which makes them numbing, isolating, and uninviting. Choked by mundane hallways, monotonous interiors and haphazard clusters of chairs, these spaces make locals and newcomers feel like prisoners. Transportation hubs today have devolved into pseudo cities. This thesis aims to redefine arrival, challenge the scaleless and impersonal status quo of city gates and provide spaces for culture, art, and life to thrive not just transact. Imagine that you enter a city and there are hundreds of people around you, but instead of feeling alone, you are surrounded by community, culture, and art. Instead of feeling like a stranger in a new destination you feel that you have arrived.
Introduction
23
02
28 Research Essay 40 Case Studies 40
Segregation
44
Outdated
42 46 48
Scaleless Proximity Chaotic
50 Analysis Summary
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“Travel is a new experience that can transport you out of your everyday routine to create memories with the ones you love.� - Brian Chesky
efficiency
overcrowded
anti-social
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segregation
isolated
uninviting
celebrated
unhealthy
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
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anxiety
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Introduction Airports today are built for everyone except the passenger. The outcry of increased security since 911 increased federal and local regulation of airports, and business pressure to drive revenue have drowned out the voices these spaces were originally meant to serve: passengers. Although these other parties have valid concerns, as designers of experience, how can we work with these constraints to create experiences more appealing to passengers? How can we refocus our designs on redefining the experience of passengers, respark community connectedness, and bring back the romanticism of travel?
Research Analysis
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Transportation Design Today City
Airport
Retail figure 2.11
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Evolution of the City Gateway Airports have evolved significantly over the past decade. They are no longer simple transit points but have grown into small communities of the modern travel experience. Every day, the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Air Traffic Organization serves more than, “43,000 flights and 2.6 million airline passengers across more than 29 million square miles of airspace” (FAA, 2018). Because travel is cheaper and there is more access to airports, air travel is a popular commodity that people of all classes can enjoy. SITA, the world’s leading air transport IT and communications organization, states that “Passenger numbers are growing just as fast as passenger expectations. It’s vital that airports keep up with both meeting the demand in volume while also catering to the increasing needs of each passenger” (SITA, 2018). With more people traveling every year, it becomes critical that we put passenger needs at the heart of design. Traveling, an experience which was once celebrated by visitors and locals alike, has been overshadowed by security and efficiency. Tom Wilkinson, History Editor of The Architectural Review states that, “once glamorous gateways to freedom, airports have become zones of consumerist tedium and state terror” (The Architectural Review, 2017). The glamour of travel has vanished and has become a processing plant for the masses.
Research Analysis
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How Big is This Problem? According to the Federal Aviation Association Association (FAA) there are 19,346 airports in the United States with 4,898 public airports and 14,448 private airports and there are more than 10 million scheduled passengers flights every year with more than 2.6 million passengers flying in and out of the United States every day (FAA, 2018). American airports are rated fairly low by passengers relative to the U.S. GDP. The Economist estimates that, “67% of people who fly out of America arrive at a better airport” (2014). Skytrax, the world’s leading airport analyst, released a list: the world’s 100 best airports in 2018. The highest ranked airport in America was the Denver International Airport which was ranked at a lowly number 29. Kevin Burke, the North American President of the Airports Council International (ACI) confirms that American airports are fraught with issues stating, that although airports
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Arrival | Alicia Madriago
in the United States are “the leaders in aviation and have some of the safest airports in the world” they are also “some of the oldest, which are expensive to maintain” (2015). The most frequent leisure traveler is within Generation Z with ages from 6 to 23 years old. The American Marketing Association states that “approximately 20% of this age group say they fly at least once a month. Of those between the ages of 30 and 59 years old, 47% say they travel at least once every six months, compared with 44% of the 18- to 29-year-old group” (2017). Generation Z is often characterized as a younger generation that eats avocado toast, bikes to work, drinks coffee three times a day, and works on the go. This segment of the population is addicted to technology and uses it as a source of constant connection through social media and the news. This generation craves excitement, activity, and travel which makes it crucial to create novel experiences through memorable and engaging city portals.
Research Analysis
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History of Consumer Travel In the 1950s, airlines brought speed, comfort and efficiency to traveling. With passenger traffic increasing, the level of efficiency began to increase while the level of comfort began to decrease. The stress of traveling began to replace the excitement of the adventure. Kathy Tucker, who often flew from San Francisco to visit family in Hawaii in the 1970s, reminisces her picturesque memory of traveling describing “a 1975 Pan American flight where the stewardesses set up a coach-section buffet table with fresh Hawaiian fruits and walked through the aisles pouring free glasses of champagne� (CNN, 2012). In a pre-9/11 world, families and friends regularly walked their loved ones to the gate to say goodbye or picked them up at the gate to say hello. Visitors were enthused to watch planes land and fly off to new places. Airports were generally viewed as destinations that people enjoyed and valued. Today, this is not the case. In a post-9/11 world, areas for interaction, culture, and the overall human condition have disappeared. Design efforts have focused on efficiency and security standards as a priority and design guidelines for transportation hubs have lagged behind quickly-evolving traveler needs.
figure 2.13
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Increased Security Increased Restraints On September 11, 2001, the nature of the airport experience drastically changed. Terrorists hijacked four airliners and used them to kill more than 3,000 people. Two airliners destroyed the World Trade Center towers in New York, a third crashed into the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., and the fourth crashed in rural Pennsylvania after its passengers courageously fought back (Smithsonian, 2007). From that moment, creating secure and non-secure zones in airports has not been the same. In response to 9/11, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was created by the Aviation and Transportation Security Act of November 2001. TSA soon took over airport security and installed a new federal workforce to screen passengers and baggage. TSA became part of the newly formed Department of Homeland Security in 2003 (Smithsonian). Today, passengers are in a constant state of transition. Going through TSA is a nightmare. Dressing to undress. Packing to unpack. Passengers often hear the officers yelling out orders such as, “take of your shoes, belts, jackets, scarfs and out it in the bin, if you have any electronics larger than a cell phone, take those out as well and put those in a separate bin.� After the hectic activity of following rules, passengers frantically try to pack their belongings back up, put all their clothes back on, and try not to be an inconvenience by slowing people down behind them. The architecture of the space does not provide a transition to help travelers gather themselves calmly. The space that is provided typically consists of a couple benches in a restricted area. In these spaces, security must come first. As designers, we must be adaptive and respond to these new design constraints. We must revive the passenger experience, if not within the transportation hub, the next best response may be to create welcoming gates to a city near these transportation hubs.
Research Analysis
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Todays Dull Passenger Experience From the moment a person enters a transportation hub they are overwhelmed by the noise of crowding people, long lines of security and rows of uncomfortably close seating. With grey interiors and rows of black pleather seating the architecture does nothing to amplify the feeling of going to a new place for leisure, education or even work. Passengers feel the need to rush to their gates, so they know the moment their plane is ready to board they can stand in line to get to their next destination. The experience of these welcoming gates have diminished into spaces of despair.
figure 2.14
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Why Rejuvenate City Portals? Brian Edwards, Professor of Architecture at Edinburgh College of Art/ Heriot-Watt University, explains that stations are one of the most important modern building types because “they perform a variety of functions, besides giving access to trains: they are like shopping malls, meeting places, and urban landmarks. Like airports, stations are distinctive and complex places -- helping to shape and define the cities, they serve by their social, cultural and functional interactions� (p. vii, 1997). With this in mind, it is important to keep the traveler at the center of design when shaping the welcoming gates to a new city. As designers, we are faced with a dilemma when it comes to these city portals: either leave transportations hubs the way they are and continue traveling in uncomfortable, crowded, and monotonous transactions or we can rise to the challenge of reshaping city portals that will breathe life back into cities by prioritizing the needs of the visitors and locals. If we choose the first option, traveler experience will continue to devolve. Architecture will continue to sacrifice experience for efficiency and economy. However, if we choose the second option, we can reverse the tide and create new experiences for this new generation of travelers. We can lead by example for transportation hubs not only in the United States, but around the world. This research will shed light on what it means to create the welcoming gates to a city through architectural concepts of fluidity, adaptation, and growth. My thesis, Arrival, will highlight theories on how to provide enhanced experiences to newcomers to cities and address the most pressing issues of city portals today. By promoting qualities that support community within architecture, this project will strengthen culture and connectedness through city portals.
Research Analysis
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CASE STUDY 01
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Segregation The Design of Denver International Airport responds to the context of Colorado through mimicking mountains within the roof system. This was only made possible through flipping the design on its axis. This required that the mechanical units were designed underground, which made the roof structure possible. The architect, Curt Fentress states, “[the flexible roof structure] allowed our vision for the enormous, typically inhumane scale of the main terminal to be transformed into an open, light-filled volume� (Fentress Architects, 2018). Following the main building are three terminals where passengers board their planes. The only way to get there is though a tram that connects travelers to the appropriate terminal, that features a long hallway of gates surrounded by cold metal seating. Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Denver International Airport | Name Fentress Architects | Architect Denver, CO | Location 1995 | Project Completion 6.5 Million SqFt | Size Transportation Hub, Retail | Project Type
Parking Garage
Jeppsen Terminal
A
B
C
Parking Garage
Underground Tram Pedestrian Bridge figure 2.16
Critical Analysis This portal lacks as a proper entry way into the city because of the segregation of the gates to the main lobby. This segregation is linked through an underground shuttle system that brings people from the departure gates back to the main lobby. The main entry of the airport is a scaleless passageway with multiple levels of pick up and drop off zones which also lacks wayfinding methods.
Research Analysis
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CASE STUDY 02
figure 2.17
Scaleless The World Trade Center, designed by Santiago Calatrava is located on the sacred memorial site of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The building is made up of repeated structural spears that become beacons of light giving the building an angelical feeling. The entrances of the building are symmetrical, opening to cylindrical elevators and staircases that descend 22’ to the subway lines under the main oculus. World Trade Center Transportation Hub | Name Santiago Calatrava | Architect New York, NY | Location 2016 | Project Completion 80,000 SqFt | Size Transportation Hub, Retail | Project Type Arrival | Alicia Madriago
figure 2.18
Critical Analysis This project lacks a sense of scale with the oculus ceiling reaching a height of 330’. With no attention to human proportion, travelers have no sense of comfort unless they flock to the sides of the building that feature retail or connections to subway lines. The project does not address the human need of relaxation. However, this project is successful in that it serves multiple programs for events to be held in the center space.
Research Analysis
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CASE STUDY 03
figure 2.19
Outdated This project was the last transportation hub designed for the jet age. The architect Eero Saarinen, intended the design of the building to embody the sensation of flight. With a symmetrical design composed of curved, concrete shell roofs and separated by angled glass curtain walls. The architecture was created for the people that welcomed travelers into the terminal. TWA Terminal JFK International Airport | Name Eero Saarinen | Architect Queens, NY | Location 1962 | Project Completion 625,000 SqFt | Size Airport | Project Type Arrival | Alicia Madriago
figure 2.20
Critical Analysis This project is the last of its kind, with lounge chairs where people could stretch out after a long flight. It provided the feeling of a first class lounge that travelers could appreciate by addressing the human need of comfort. This facilitates a comfortable and enjoyable experience and relaxing environment.
Research Analysis
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CASE STUDY 04
figure 2.21
Proximity Charles de Gaulle is France’s largest airport, the second-largest airport in Europe, and the eighthlargest airport worldwide in number of passengers (2018, Paris-Charles de Gualle). Located 15 miles away from Paris, the project has room for two large runways that are capable of super-wide body aircrafts that can handle 120 flights per hour. The design features retail, restaurants, and children’s areas that attempt to mimic the Parisian community despite being far away from Paris.
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport | Name Paul Andreu | Architect Paris, France | Location 2003 | Project Completion _______ SqFt | Size Transportation Hub | Project Type
CDG AIRPORT
PARIS
figure 2.22
Critical Analysis The project lacks a proximity to the city of Paris. Travelers coming out of the country have to arrange for a car to come pick them up or they have the chaotic task of navigating the metro. With the city being so far, when passengers are leaving paris, they lack spaces that bring comfort due to the sheer number of moving parts involved. Instead, they are stuck in spaces that create a pseudo-city.
Research Analysis
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figure 2.23
CASE STUDY 05
Chaotic Designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli, The Multimodal Transit Center located in San Francisco in 2019. This project is successful in bringing the community in with a large rooftop garden and a multitude of program that will entice users all over San Francisco to engage in. The program consists of an amphitheater, cafe, playground, art and educational cultural center as well a cycling and pedestrian paths. Transbay Transit Center | Name Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects | Architect San Francisco, CA | Location 2017 | Project Completion 1.5 Million SqFt | Size Transportation Hub, Public Park, Mixed-Use | Project Type Arrival | Alicia Madriago
figure 2.24
Critical Analysis The Transit Center lacks human scale spanning five city blocks, boasting a grand hall with a 125’ atrium. The immense scale of the building creates chaos and confusion for travelers trying to get to their connections in the multi-modal station. With a maze of escalators and lack of comfortable spaces, participants feel the need to rush off to their next destination in a hurry.
Research Analysis
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figure 2.25 figure 2.26
figure 2.27 figure 2.28 figure 2.29
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Case Study Summary Through investigating transportation hubs across the country and throughout history, five main ideas emerged to develop my site criteria: segregation, scarcity of scale, outdated, lack of proximity, and chaos. Analyzing segregated spaces demonstrated the importance of a well-connected space. Within airports there is a struggle between the ‘secure’ and ‘non-secure’ areas which introduces a novel design constraint that must be addressed. A lack of scale within architecture is a struggle that designers constantly face, yet getting this right is key to designing a comfortable experience. Human scale is the practice of measuring and designing architecture to match the physical characteristics of humans, yet these iconic and monumental buildings are not comfortable for people seeking relief and an experiential quality during travel. Outdated architecture has a multitude of meanings other than the obvious that the space is obsolete. Transportation hubs are not addressing the human need of comfort and experience which makes the architectural space underutilized. Travelers face chaos the moment they step through the door, facing lines of people at self-check baggage, ticket lines, and a flurry of movement that creates anxiety and stress causing people to rush to the departure gate where there is a lack of activities to stimulate the user during their long wait before takeoff. By analyzing how people act within transportation hubs and cross referencing different typologies that create relaxing and enjoyable experiences, the concept of fluidity emerged -- fluidity that respects the efficiency of a modern transportation system, but still provides a comfortable space for newcomers and locals to enjoy and interact with a city’s culture.
Research Analysis
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03
figure 3.1
55 Site Criteria
57 Site Selection
59 Site Research
62 Oakland Background
68 From Airports to Portals
“When you have tasted flight, you will forever walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have always been & there you will always long to return.� - Leonado Da Vinci
Congestion
Pedestrian Density
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Scaleless Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
Underutilized Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
Outdated Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
Underdeveloped Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
Proximity Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
SITE CRITERIA GRAPH
Unhealthy
Stress
Anxiety
Blind
Loud
Disconnected
Imbalance
Uninviting
figure 3.2
Site Criteria This thesis explores how the scarcity of scale in airports negatively shapes the traveler experience. Through analyzing conditions of airports, words to describe the experiences found are: unhealthy, stressful, anxious, blind, loud, disconnected, unbalanced, uninviting, congested, and dense with pedestrians. When compared to the problem words found in the case studies, it becomes clear that the site for this thesis had to be located in a city in need of a welcoming city portal. Portal: A gateway or entry point to a city or country that envelopes the culture and community of the locals in that area. Initial sites explored included the San Diego International Airport, Sacramento International Airport, and Oakland International Airport. Each option was evaluated using specific site criteria developed through critical analysis of the case studies. Each site was evaluated on its ability to fit the desired criteria in line with the problem and concept underlying this thesis.
Design Methods
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Sacramento
Oakland SFO SJC
FAT
SBD
LEG E ND LAX
ONT
Chosen Site Tested Site
SNA
International Airports
San Diego Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Site Selection Sacramento International Airport was a contender for this site selection because of the lack of proximity to the city center from the downtown core as well as its lack of scale which created many underutilized areas within the airport. The airport design revolves around the efficiency of getting people to their departure gates and not much else. The site was ultimately ruled out of the site selection due to recent renovations which lessened the urgency for creating a new gateway for Sacramento. San Diego International Airport was also a contender because it fit all of the site criteria issues for this thesis. Through analyzing the experience a traveler has at Terminal 1, it was found that the spaces severely lack passenger experience and comfort from the moment a traveler walks into the main lobby doors to the moment they leave the terminal. The lobby space is crowded with baggage and ticketing is quickly followed by security measures. The departure gate lacks seating and feels overcrowded. Furthermore, there are no signifiers to represent that a traveler has arrived to San Diego. As a city, San Diego has so much to offer yet when you arrive at its airport, you feel like you are in any other airport in any other city around the world. It’s dull and unengaging. Oakland International Airport, faced the same issues found in San Diego International Airport. However, of all the contenders, this site had the most room for improvement and was ultimately chosen because of its fit against this thesis’ criteria.
PSP
figure 3.3
Design Methods
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figure 3.4
San Francisco
South San Francisco
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Berkeley
Oakland
Alameda
San Leandro
Centrally Located Oakland is a large port city located in the San Francisco East Bay and is the third largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and the eighth largest city in the United States with a population of 423,191 people. As a major transportation hub, trade hub, and principal city to the bay area, it is it is no wonder that the following analogy has been perpetuated in the media: Oakland is to San Francisco as Brooklyn is to Manhattan. The media has also portrayed Oakland as the inevitable heir to San Francisco’s tech-driven economic rise.
figure 3.4 Design Methods
55
Grand Lake Theater Port of Oakland
Oakland Museum of California Jack London Square
Lake Merritt Oakland Chinatown
figure 3.5
What is the heart of Oakland? With Oakland on the rise, the city as a whole is still failing to create an identity for itself. Robert Ogilvie, the Oakland director for SPUR, states “the city has not attracted enough large anchor tenants to reliably fill new buildings, making it hard to justify building on speculation” (SPUR, 2015). However, Oakland was recently ranked 16th on America’s Coolest Cities. This attests to some of Oakland’s main attractions such as the Fox Oakland Theatre, the Paramount Theatre, Jack London Square, the Oakland Zoo, the Oakland Museum of California, the Chabot Space and Science Center, and the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum to name a few. Oakland also has a large fan base following their city with 3 professional sports teams in the area. The city is the home of the Golden State Warriors (basketball), Oakland Raiders (football), and Oakland Athletics (baseball). Even with these attractions and an overflowing amount of culture, there is no single location where locals can congregate and celebrate their city with each other and visitors. Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Ferry Terminal
Oakland Alameda County Collusium Oakland Zoo Oracle Arena
Metropolitan Golf Links Proposed Site
Design Methods
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Population by Ethnicity figure 3.6
38% White 24% African American 15% Asian 13% Other 7% Two or more races 1% American Indian
Oakland Population Pyramid 2018 figure 3.7
10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 male
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Economic & Demographic Factors The City of Oakland is an extremely diverse area with a variety of ethnicities intermingling across the town. With an abundance of cultures coexisting, there is a mixture of art, music, and cuisine that is woven into the fabric of the city. Oakland has plentiful cultural celebrations with a monthly arts festival that draws crowds of 20,000 people. Other festivals held annually by the city include Lakefest, Chinatown Streetfest, Art & Soul Fest, and the Oakland International Film Festival. Compared to the population pyramid of the United States, there is a larger than average population of 20 to 35 year olds in Oakland. Demographic information can play a large role in determining the needs of a given community. Oakland’s population is generally skewed toward the younger end of the generational spectrum.
10% 8% 6% 4% 2%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
0%
female Design Methods
59
Economic & Demographic Factors Similarly, Oakland’s economic prospects are on the incline. Employment is steadily rising in Oakland but as the San Francisco Bay Area begins to expand and reach new monetary heights, the fear of gentrification and modernization in the city has climbed. Celebrities that have grown up in Oakland such as Marshawn Lynch are beginning to invest inland within Oakland to save the native buildings that represent the original architecture and culture found in Oakland. Today, the city of Oakland lacks a designated city portal. There is no singular location or monument that represents the city and community of Oakland. A new city portal would provide a center of identity Oakland residents and visitors and create a new welcoming gate for Oakland where visitors can congregate for meetings, lectures, and events.
figure 3.8
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
Establishment Change by Industry City of Oakland, 2015 to 2016 Leisure and Hospitality Other Services
NR/ Construction
Admin Support
Prof, Sci, Tech, and Mgmt Financial Activities Education
Government
Wholesale Trade Health Care
Manufacturing
Transport/ Warehouse/ Util
Retail Trade
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Establishment Change
40% figure 3.9
Total Employment City of Oakland, 2008 to 2016
Employment
180,000
170,000
160,000
150,000 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 figure 3.10
Design Methods
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Resident Needs
91%
The Economic & Workforce Development Department of the City of Oakland reports that, in 2018, 91% of Oakland residents say that culture and the arts are“Essential” or “Very Important” when it comes to building new spaces in their city. No one responded “Not important at all.”
figure 3.11
The Economic & Workforce Development Department of the City of Oakland reports that, in 2018, asked residents, “ What would make Oakland a stronger community?”
community centers for public use and celebration figure 3.12
cultural classes for the public figure 3.14
art education for youth & support for local artists Arrival | Alicia Madriago
figure 3.15
City of Oakland Cultural Report Culture is often referred to as Oakland’s greatest gift. The city is teeming with promise and the key to unlocking its potential is in showcasing its resilient, inventive, and irrepressible culture. The city is bursting with social, political, and cultural history and is known for innovation of all kinds—through blues, jazz, funk, hip hop music, dancing, and food. The goal of a city portal would be to create a space that allows this expression to not only exist, but to flourish.
figure 3.13
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From Airports to Portals Every aspect walking through the airport is about efficiency and the segregation of human interaction to make operations run faster. Because there are limited spaces to stop, people rush to their destination to find solace in a hectic situation. Oakland International Airport (like many airports) is underutilized and isolating. When walking through the airport, passengers see an abundance of seating, yet during peak times, passengers are left with only standing room and congested circulation paths. There were multiple challenges facing the secure and non-secure areas of the airport. This lead to the idea of leaving the transportation hub altogether.
RT A B
nd la ak O
t or irp lA na io at rn te In
Ca rpo ol
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Sh utt le
The optimal solution for this thesis was to shift the portal outside of the transportation hub and create a new kind of welcoming gate. With the portal at the epicenter of multiple modes of transportation, like the airport, ferry, highway and BART, the design became a connection point for the city of Oakland, creating a fertile environment for growing community interaction, cultural identity, and city pride.
g in nd La
Fer ry
figure 3.16
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04
73 Typological Analysis
75 What Makes a Successful Cultural Center? 78 Program Breakdown 79 Code Analysis
80 Program Distribution 82 Concept Analysis
“They spend more & more time wondering where they are going only because they are less and less sure where they are.� - Marc Auge
figure 4.1
Typology analysis This new typology addresses the need for comfort, relaxation and interaction for travelers and locals in the area. These once dreaded spaces have an opportunity for revitalization. Through analyzing the dull conditions found in airports, there is an opportunity to come up with solutions that promote the opposite experience such as destress, connection, relaxation, revival, entertainment, education, identity, culture, interaction and heart. Other architectural typologies that embody these qualities include public parks, art galleries, and cultural centers. By incorporating certain aspects of typologies like these, we can create an architectural space that achieves the goals of enhancing the visitor experience. It became clear that a cultural center was going to provide the most opportunity for the welcoming gates to Oakland. This design will incorporate art native to Oakland, diverse and changing food types in the market, and a community center for classes, meetings and events. This design will give back to the community and showcase the diverse, historical, and cultural nature of Oakland.
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T YPOLOGY ANALYSIS CHART
Destress Connect Relax Revive Entertainment Educate Identity Culture Interact
Workspace
Meditation Spa
Civic Center
Culture Center
Library
Art Gallery
Museum
Public Park
Heart
figure 4.2
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What Makes a Cultural Center Successful? By breaking down what makes up a successful welcoming gate and cultural center, the main questions that came to mind were: What is the public interested in? What program will support the locals needs? What space types are featured within this program? On the next page there is a matrix of how a cultural center is broken down into public interest design, program, and space types and how stem from one another and intermingle to create optimal spaces focused on user experience. When these three components coexist, the end result is a cultural center that is adaptable and community-driven that supports the locals and visitors.
figure 4.3
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PU BLI C I N T E R E S T DE S IG N Community Driven Human-Centered Adaptability Connection Socially Sustainable Educational figure 4.4
PROGRAM Community Center Education Conference Area Retail Eatery Exhibition figure 4.5
S PACE T Y P E S Quiet Loud Circulation Public Private Indoor Outdoor Formal Informal Temporary Interactive Service figure 4.6
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P U B L IC IN T E R E S T D E SIG N Community Driven
Human Centered
Adaptability Culture Center Connection
Socially Sustainable
Educational figure 4.7
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PRO GRA M Community Center
SPACE DE SIG N Quiet Loud Circulation
Office
Public Private
Eatery
Indoor Outdoor
Retail
Formal Informal
Lobby
Temporary Interactive
Exhibition
Service
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PROGRAM BREAKDOWN
Exhibition 5,900 SF Community Center 2,880 SF Market 1,450 SF Eatery 1,450 SF Misc. 810 SF figure 4.8
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CODE ANALYSIS CHART Room Number
Name
Occupancy Group
Function
Occupant Load Factor
Area
Occupant Load
100
Conference Room
B
Business
100
550
6
200
Community
A3
Unconcentrated
15
2330
155
201
W. Restrooms
--
--
--
250
--
202
M. Restrooms
--
--
--
210
--
203
Storage
--
--
300
350
1
300
Commerce
M
Grade
15
1450
97
301
Food Stalls
A3
Unconcentrated
5
1450
290
400
Exhibition Space
A3
Standing
5
5,900
1,180
500
Open Space
--
--
--
--
--
501
Community Plaza
--
--
--
--
--
502
Entrance Plaza
--
--
--
Total Area SF = 12,500 Total Occupancy = 1,700
figure 4.9
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PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION
Community Center SqFt | 2,770 Occupancy Type | Assembly This space will support lectures, cultural, art, and dance classes, civic events, celebrations and and other community events. This space also features a flexible conference room when needed.
figure 4.10
Misc. SqFt | 900 Occupancy Type | Assembly This building supports the three main buildings with restrooms and storage space. figure 4.12
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Market Place SqFt | 900 Occupancy Type | Assembly The Market truly embodies the culture of Oakland with a hustle and bustle lifestyle. This space will be filled with local food vendors and shops for people to experience the many food types Oaklander’s have to offer. This space is filled with light through bifold storefront doors that face the planes coming and going into the East Bay as well as a view to the ocean. figure 4.11
Exhibition Gallery SqFt | 4,650 Occupancy Type | Assembly The exhibition space highlights the street art of Oakland with natural indirect lighting that fills the space. Normally light within a gallery space is unheard of, however, with Oakland featuring sculptures and street art which does not require protection from light, the natural light amplifies the art as well as the the space. figure 4.13
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Concept The design and concept of fluidity began with the idea of nearby tributaries. Tributary: A river or stream flowing into a larger river, lake or bay. This idea stemmed from the surrounding context of Oakland and how it is filled with tributaries that lead back into the Bay from the mainland. Within nature, nothing is perfect. There are cracks, nodules, and bioclimatic interaction between the land and the constant flow of the water. The idea that the water is constantly flowing into the bay resembles the efficiency present in transportation hubs. However, in nature there are nodules that slow down that constant movement and start to create a fluid rhythm and regulate the flow of water. Bioclimatic: relating to the interrelation of climate and the activities and distribution of living organisms. This portal will point newcomers to destinations across Oakland.This new typology is not intended to keep people trapped in the building, but instead, the buildings natural directionality will send visitors to parts of the city they might not think to go.
figure 4.13
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figure 4.14
Concept Development The analysis began with the idea of capturing movement. This experiment was executed by creating several 4”x4”x4” plaster cubes and breaking them using different methods -- drop, tap, throw, hammer, and chiseling away at the masses. By doing this, the different breaks, air pockets and nodules were created for the next part of observation. The next step was to pour resin into a 4”x4”x4” mold along with the broken plaster. This caused the resin to freeze the movement of air bubbles moving. This demonstrated that, within the nodules of the mass, there was an interaction between the need for the bubbles to continue the movement or to stop and get caught within the plaster. This led to the idea of simultaneously supporting constant movement while also encouraging experiences that would make people pause before continuing on their desired path. Arrival | Alicia Madriago
figure 4.15
figure 4.16
figure 4.17
figure 4.18
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figure 4.19
Concept Sketches After building the concept models, the next step was to analyze the movement of water through the masses. These sketches are representative of what fluidity looks like as it relates to people moving through larger masses. Water ebbs and flows with the masses and will stop at a nodule that interrupts its path. As the drawings move from left to right, the sketches start as one motion that begins to intertwine with a mass that breaks down the fluid movement. This mass begins to serve as a collecting point for the water or people.
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figure 4.20
figure 4.21
figure 4.22
figure 4.23
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83
05
90 Iterative Masterplan 92 Iterative Design
96 Critical Analysis
figure 5.1
“A meaningful architecture experience is not simply a series of retinal images, the ‘elements’ of architecture are not visual units or gestalt; they are encounters or confrontations that interact with our memory.” - Juhani Pallasmaa
Attracting the Crowd The masterplan was influenced and inspired by a macro scale to a micro scale of connections within the Greater Bay Area Region. On a macro scale, the masterplan connects San Francisco, Oakland, Alameda and Berkeley. On a microscale, the masterplan highlight Oakland’s main points of interest including Oracle Stadium, Chinatown, Jack London Square, and Lake Merritt. Through overlapping points of interest within the site, the initial experience of procession to the building was developed. With a mixture of organic circulation paths, water features, open landscaped areas, and quiet elevated seating areas the new portal to Oakland was birthed.
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figure 5.2
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Floor Plan Analysis The first iteration of the design followed the idea of reconnecting the portal of Oakland to the community. However, the jurors in sitting in on the critique suggested comments to provide a more fluid design to increase efficiency. Given the jury’s insight and feedback, the following changes were made to the floorplan: The interior bathroom and storage spaces were removed from the community and exhibition buildings and will be further consolidated into one supporting building.
E
The community building was made smaller by 25% to create a grand entryway into the space.
C B H G
F A
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H
H
G F I
J D
G
LEG E ND A Community Center B Office
K
C Eatery D Retail
In the exhibition space, bifold walls were added that open and close to create a seamless wall that can host art or create an environment that creates a connection to the outdoors. The office building was removed and consolidated into one conference room in the community center that is flexible, as an office space or a secondary space that supports the community center. figure 5.3
E Ticket Kiosk F Restrooms G Storage H Mech/Electrical I Lobby J Exhibition Space K Outdoor Auditorium Inital Design
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1
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1 2 3 4
Typical concrete roof with metal decking supported by a 2’x8” glue laminated beam. 2’x8” glue laminated beam with supporting cross bracing from 2”x8” beams. Typical 3’ concrete footing with underground HVAC. Custom 4’ glue laminated “S” beam to let in diffused light connected to Armstrong acoustical suspension system with clear ceiling panels.
figure 5.4
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2
3
4
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Critique Analysis [AR 501] Emotion and passion for the lack of passenger-centric experiences in airports came across clearly in the presentation and proposal. A question raised for the jury was: how do you create place a new interactive typology in a space that is heavily segregated by security? There was a misunderstanding between juror A and myself because they thought my presentation had to do with redesigning an airport rather than creating a new portal to a city. A suggestion from juror B was to redesign the departure gate alone to better fit travelers and update the new architectural typology. Juror C posed the question of how to create spaces that are utilized and avoid wasted space in airports. After this presentation the final decision was to part ways with the redesign of the airport experience and create a new cultural experience that can be applied to transportation centers within cities.
figure 5.5
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[AR 502] The presentation was engaging, positive and critical. The panel responded well to the proposal of a cultural center, but questioned if Oakland’s culture was incorporated within the design enough. A source of inspiration from the panel was: how can the program fluctuate for different times of the day and opportunities for multiple functions in the spaces? A suggestion was made to remove all the bathroom and storage areas from the main buildings and relocate these spaces to a central location to open up the main areas.
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06
98
Final Masterplan
100 Final Form Generation 108 Final Design
118 Green Technology 122 Critical Analysis 123 Renderings
figure 6.1
“The future of architecture is culture” - Philip Johnson
Final Masterplan The final iteration of the masterplan features an organic walkway that is sprinkled with local sculptures leading up to the building that is raised 10’ above grade. Raising the building allows for the building to be seen from farther distances as well as create an active south facing front elevation with amphitheater seating connected to a loading dock for boats. With the new pier, people are able to watch planes arrive and leave Oakland International Airport, as well as jump on the next ferry boat to San Francisco. The northern face of the site features a car drop off station for increasingly-popular ridesharing services like Uber and Lyft with plans to create a connection to the BART station with a small shuttle.
figure 6.2
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Form Generation The form is heavily influenced by the masterplan. By connecting the direct landscape to notable areas of Oakland, such as the Cathedral of light, Lake Merritt, Downtown Oakland, Chinatown, and Oracle Arena, the building form begins to have a direction based on the surrounding context of Oakland and the greater Bay Area region. The form features a symmetrical design, with three main spaces -- community center, retail, food market, and exhibition space. There is one supporting building for storage and restrooms.
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figure 6.3
1
Draw connectections to surrounding context of the site from the greater Bay Area region, to main sites in Oakland, CA and the actual transportation hub around the airport and BART station
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figure 6.4
2
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The next step was to arrange the chosen program along the site in a fluid arrangement to stay with the concept of tributaries. The program should be arranged to send people out to different parts of Oakland, rather than keep them within the building.
figure 6.5
3
After framing out building forms around the program arrangement, the next step was to push and pull the shapes based on the core directions within the masterplan.
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figure 6.6
4
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Finally, the last details of the building consist of edging the building, creating roofs and integrating sustainable elements to create the final form, for the first iteration of the project.
figure 6.7
5
After the second quarter critique it was evident that the interior spaces of the forms had to be reworked, therefore the spoken of spaces were removed.
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figure 6.8
6
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After reworking the forms, interior storage and bathroom spaces were consolidated into one singular building inbetween the market and exhibition space. The community center was notched out to provide a sense of entry from the airport.
figure 6.9
7
The final proposal consisted of a form that followed the concept of fluidity and provided spaces that could be manipulated by the user for any event necessary.
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Floor Plan Analysis
A
B
C
With the main spaces cleared of storage and restrooms, the versatility of the space increases with an adaptable design that is fluid with the function that the space needs to support. The new small support building between the market and exhibition space features the on site restrooms and storage. Another key feature of the plan incorporates wayfinding methods that highlight the emergency exits within the building that also connect to the main sidewalks that lead up to the building.
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E
E
G
F
D
I
H
Legend A Community Center B Conference Space C Eatery D Retail E Restrooms F Storage G Exhibition Space H Ampitheater Seating
figure 6.11
I
Accesible Ramp Design Solution
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1
SECTION ANNOTATIONS Refer to wall sections on the following pages for a detailed breakdown of the building.
figure 6.12
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2
3
4
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BIFOLD WALL SECTION 1 4”x12” HSS Tubing Header Bolt to Metal Backer Plate 2 Bolts to Metal Track 3 4”x4”HSS Tubing 4 Bifold Door with Precast Concrete Panel
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T.O. PARAPET 22’ - 0”
1 2
T.O. BIFOLD DOOR 10’ - 0”
3 4
FINISH FLOOR 0’ - 0”
SUPPLY AIR PLENUM -3’ - 0”
T.O. FOOTING -5’ - 0”
figure 6.12
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GLUL AMINATED BEAM WALL SECTION 1 Expansion Joint 2 1/2” Translucent Material 3 Metal Cap 4 Bolt w/ Mtl Plate 5 LED Light Strip 6 4’ Custom Glulaminated Beam 7 1’ Concrete Wall 8 #4 (1/2”) Rebar 9 Double Glass Door
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1 2 3
T.O. PARAPET 20’ - 0”
4 5
6 7 8 9
T.O. BIFOLD DOOR 10’ - 0”
FINISH FLOOR 0’ - 0”
SUPPLY AIR PLENUM -3’ - 0”
T.O. FOOTING -5’ - 0”
figure 6.13
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PARAPET WALL SECTION 1
Single Ply PVC Membrane
2
Metal Cap
3
Vapor Barrier
4
Cricket
5
4” Rigid Insulation
6
3/4” Plywood
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4” Concrete
8
2”x8” Beam
9
2’x8” Glulaminated Beam
10
1/2” Polished Concrete
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Corrugated Metal Deck on Concrete
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W12 Steel I Beam
13
Expansion Joint
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W4 Steel I Beam
15
Supply Air Plenum
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4” Concrete Slab
17
Concrete Footing
18 Water Proofing 19 French Drain
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1 2 3 4 5
T.O. PARAPET 17’ - 0”
Roof 15’ - 0”
6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13
FINISH FLOOR 0’ - 0”
14 15 16 17 18 19
SUPPLY AIR PLENUM -3’ - 0”
T.O. FOOTING -5’ - 0”
figure 6.14
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figure 6.15
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GREEN TECHNOLOGY CGBC 5.106.4.2 Bike Parking CGBC 5.303.3.1 Water conserving plumbing fixtures A greywater system that will reuse gently used water from restrooms, kitchens, and other on site water sources to water plants and run water features. CGBC 5.410.1.1 Recycling by occupants There will be accessible areas that serve the entire building and will be identified to dispose materials for recycling that include: paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals. CGBC 5.504.4.3 Paints & Coatings Chosen paints will comply with the issue of VOC’s (volatile organic, compounds within the paint). CGBC 5.504.4.5 Composite Wood Products Hardwood plywood, particleboard, and medium density fiberboard composite wood products used on the interior or exterior of the building shall meet the requirements for formaldehyde as specified in ARB’s Air Toxics Control Measure (ATCM) Passive Cooling Design The HVAC system carries air underneath the building where there is a supply air plenum and a vented floor that provides cool air directly to people within the building.
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NATIVE PL ANTS Native California drought-tolerant plants were chosen for the site to beautify the landscape, promote local greenery, and minimize excessive water use. Quercus Engelmannii Common Name: Engelman Oak Umbellularia Californica Common Name: California bay Pinus Torreyana Common Name: Torrey Pine Aristida Purpurea Common Name: Purple three-awn grass. Carex Species Common Name: Sedge Ceanothus Species Common Name: Wild Lilacs Romneya Coulteri Common Name: Matilija Poppy Erigeron Glaucus Common Name: Seaside Daisies Fragaria Chilioensis Common Name: Beach Strawberry
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figure 6.16
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F EED B AC K A N D EVA LUAT ION The final critique, on May 31 at 5:20PM, was very successful and was received very well by the jury. The presentation covered the initial problem and thesis statement that lead to the design concepts that developed the process of design. The presentation raised the following questions: How does a visitor navigate the site and building? There are wayfinding paths within the main buildings that are highlighted with polished concrete. The exterior of the building also features a dark brick between buildings. How do the three separate buildings connect as one? The three buildings are all separated because they all serve different program. However, the exterior masterplan of the site unites the building together with the amphitheater seating and surrounding context of the site. How does the rest of the site that isn’t built get utilized? The site is large reaching over 1000’+ in length. The site is utilized as an art walk for large sculptures leading up to the building that is raised 10’ off the ground to create a beacon for the city Oakland. RENDERINGS The imagery within the last pages of the book features the building itself and how one would traverse the site leading up to and through the building.
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figure 6.17
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figure 6.18
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figure 6.24
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figure 6.26
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figure 6.33
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figure 6.34
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“A city is not gauged by its length and width, but by the broadness of its vision and the height of its dreams.� - Herb Caen
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Bibliography Arieff, A., Nijhuis, M., Lanier, J., Monroe, R., Mieville, C., Dewolf, C., . . . Weiner, L. (2001). The Future of Public Space(Vol. 2, SOM Thinkers). New York City, NY: Metropolis Books. Bizjak, T., Sacramento Bee. (2018, December). Sacramento International Airport is adding luxury lounges and these new upscale amenities. Retrieved January 2, 2019, from https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/ transportation/article223532705.html?fbclid=IwAR1-tUnWydyYzb5YlHxB_ bOxbTRx1thWVKKVlWhSe2XkVLmuilAYMaJRmcM Status of the California Green Building Standards Code: CALGreen. (2016). Sacramento, CA: Division of Codes and Standards. East Bay Express/Paulas, R. (2018, October 10). What’s Missing in Oakland’s First Cultural Plan in 30 Years? Retrieved from https://www.eastbayexpress. com/oakland/whats-missing-in-oaklands-first-cultural-plan-in-30-years/ Content?oid=21139897 Edwards, B. (1997). The Modern Station New Approaches to Railway Architecture. London, UK: E & FN SPon. Gallup, Inc, R. R. (2015, September 10). Americans Still View Airline Industry Positively. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://news.gallup.com/poll/185393/americans-view-airline-industry-positively. aspx Gehl, J., & Koch, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using public space. Washington, DC: Island Press. Griffin, K. W. (2004). Building Type Basics for Transit Facilities. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Jenkins/Fortune, A., Cigna, & NPR. (2018, May). Half of Americans Feel Lonely, Study Finds. Retrieved April 30, 2019, from http://fortune.com/2018/05/01/ americans-lonely-cigna-study/ Jones, W. (2006). New transport architecture. London: Beazley. Oakland Chamber of Commerce. (2018). 2018 Oakland/East Bay Economic Forecast, 1-32. Pan Am Historical Foundation. (n.d.). Eras of Pan Am. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://www.panam.org/eras-quick-links
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Pan Am Historical Foundation. (n.d.). Luxury on Wings. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://www.panam.org/pan-am-stories/551-luxury-on-wings United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2018, May 16). 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN | UN DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html Ustadi, M. N., & Shopi, N. M. (2016). A study towards the Efficiency of Public Transportation Hub Characteristics: A Case Study of Northern Region, Peninsular Malaysia. ScienceDirect,1-10. Retrieved October 18, 2018, from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2212567116000757/1-s2.0-S2212567116000757-main. pdf?_tid=ec0ea919-73a3-4502-a424-3eb5d5686d53&acdnat=1539925568_6ac b2d6986067f3635cc73406fa19d6b. A Downtown For Everyone - Shaping the Future of Downtown Oakland. (september 2015). SPUR Report, 1-69. Retrieved April, 2019. Statista. (2017). Total air traffic passengers traveling to/from the U.S. 2018 | Statistic. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://www.statista.com/ statistics/193590/total-air-traffic-passengers-travelling-to-or-from-the-us/ The Architectural Review, T. W. (2017, April 20). Typology: Airport. Retrieved December 7, 2018, from https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/typologyairport/10018340.article?sm=10018340 Wang, V., Werth, A., & Cultural Affairs Division City of Oakland. (2018). Belonging in Oakland: A cultural development plan. For the Cultural Affairs Division Economic & Workforce Development Department City of Oakland,1-94. Retrieved February 3, 2019, from http://www2.oaklandnet.com/oakca1/groups/ ceda/documents/report/oak070021.pdf World Population Review. (2018). Oakland, California. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/oakland-population/
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List of Illustrations
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00 Figure 0.1 Figure 0.2 Figure 0.3 Figure 0.4 Figure 0.5 Figure 0.6
Fluidity Cover 01 by Alicia Madriago Airport by Alicia Madriago Bags 02 by Alicia Madriago Fox Theater by Alicia Madriago Tribune Tower by Alicia Madriago Bay Bridge by Alicia Madriago
01 Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4
Traveler 01 by Alicia Madriago City by Alicia Madriago Traveler 02 by Alicia Madriago People Hugging by Alicia Madriago
02 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Figure 2.9 Figure 2.10 Figure 2.11 Figure 2.12 Figure 2.13 Figure 2.14 Figure 2.15 Figure 2.16 Figure 2.18 Figure 2.20 Figure 2.22 Figure 2.24 Figure 2.25 Figure 2.26 Figure 2.27 Figure 2.28 Figure 2.29
Girl on Computer by Alicia Madriago Efficiency by Alicia Madriago Overcrowded by Alicia Madriago Anti-Social by Alicia Madriago Segregation by Alicia Madriago Isolated by Alicia Madriago Uninviting by Alicia Madriago Celebrated by Alicia Madriago Unhealthy by Alicia Madriago Anxiety by Alicia Madriago Venn Diagram by Alicia Madriago Group of Travelers by Alicia Madriago Frustration by Alicia Madriago Plane by Alicia Madriago Traveler 03 by Alicia Madriago Segregation Diagram by Alicia Madriago Scaleless Diagram by Alicia Madriago Outdated Diagram by Alicia Madriago Proximity Diagram by Alicia Madriago Chaotic Diagram by Alicia Madriago Case Study Summary 01 by Alicia Madriago Case Study Summary 02 by Alicia Madriago Case Study Summary 03 by Alicia Madriago Case Study Summary 04 by Alicia Madriago Case Study Summary 05 by Alicia Madriago
03 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.9 Figure 3.10 Figure 3.11 Figure 3.12 Figure 3.14 Figure 3.15 Figure 3.16
Traveler 04 by Alicia Madriago Site Criteria Diagram by Alicia Madriago California Map by Alicia Madriago Bay Area Map by Alicia Madriago Oakland Map by Alicia Madriago Ethnicity Matrix by City of Oakland & Alicia Madriago Population Pyramid by City of Oakland & Alicia Madriago Industry Change Graph by City of Oakland & Alicia Madriago Total Employment by City of Oakland & Alicia Madriago 91% by Alicia Madriago Celebration by Alicia Madriago Classes by Alicia Madriago Working Together by Alicia Madriago Site by Alicia Madriago
04 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8 Figure 4.9 Figure 4.10 Figure 4.11 Figure 4.12 Figure 4.13 Figure 4.19 Figure 4.20 Figure 4.21 Figure 4.22 Figure 4.23
Group of Travelers 02 by Alicia Madriago Typology Analysis Graph by Alicia Madriago Question Mark by Alicia Madriago Human Centered by Alicia Madriago Arrival by Alicia Madriago Earth by Alicia Madriago Culture Center Matrix by Alicia Madriago Program Breakdown by Alicia Madriago Code Analysis Chart by Alicia Madriago Community Center by Alicia Madriago Market Place by Alicia Madriago Misc. by Alicia Madriago Mapping the Tributary by Alicia Madriago Concept Drawing 01 by Alicia Madriago Concept Drawing 02 by Alicia Madriago Concept Drawing 03 by Alicia Madriago Concept Drawing 04 by Alicia Madriago Concept Drawing 05 by Alicia Madriago
05 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5
Travelers 05 by Alicia Madriago Masterplan Process Drawing by Alicia Madriago Floor Plan Iteration by Alicia Madriago Perspective Section by Alicia Madriago South Elevation by Alicia Madriago
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06 Figure 6.1 Figure 6.3 Figure 6.4 Figure 6.5 Figure 6.6 Figure 6.7 Figure 6.8 Figure 6.9 Figure 6.10 Figure 6.11 Figure 6.12 Figure 6.13 Figure 6.14 Figure 6.15 Figure 6.16
Travelers 06 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 01 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 02 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 03 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 04 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 05 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 06 by Alicia Madriago Form Generation 07 by Alicia Madriago Final Floor Plan by Alicia Madriago Final Perspective Section by Alicia Madriago Bifold Wall Section by Alicia Madriago Glulaminated Beam Wall Section by Alicia Madriago Parapet Wall Section by Alicia Madriago Green Technology by Alicia Madriago Native Plants by Alicia Madriago
List of Images 02 Figure 2.15 Denver International Airport (DEN) [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October, 2018, from https://www.denvergov.org/ content/denvergov/en/denver-council-district-10/denver-inter national-airport--den--great-hall-facts.html Figure 2.17 Santiago Calatrava on the World Trade Center Transportation Hub [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October/No vember, 2018, from https://www.architecturaldigest.com/sto ry/santiago-calatrava-tells-us-process-designing-wtc-trans portation-hub Figure 2.19 TWA FLIGHT CENTER. A majestic bird of concrete in New York [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October, 2018, from http://architecturalvisits.com/en/2016/01/21/twa-flight-center- jfk-airport/ Figure 2.21 [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October, 2018, from https:// kidconnections.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/screen-shot- 2012-12-31-at-8-03-40-am.png Figure 2.23 Salesforce Transit Center [Digital image]. (n.d.). Re trieved October/November, 2018, from https://www.flickr.com/ photos/sfac/42142881950 03 Figure 3.8 [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved March, 2019, from https:// www.stock.adobe.com/The-Oakland-Outer-Harbor-Aerial-kro pic Figure 3.13 [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved March, 2019, from https:// www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/omf-oakland-moving-for ward/Content?oid=4508758
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
04 Figure 4.14 Figure 4.15 Figure 4.16 Figure 4.17 Figure 4.18
Concept Image 01 by Alicia Madriago Concept Image 02 by Alicia Madriago Concept Image 03 by Alicia Madriago Concept Image 04 by Alicia Madriago Concept Image 05 by Alicia Madriago
06 Figure 6.2 Figure 6.17 Figure 6.19 Figure 6.20 Figure 6.21 Figure 6.22 Figure 6.23 Figure 6.24 Figure 6.25 Figure 6.26 Figure 6.27 Figure 6.28 Figure 6.29 Figure 6.30 Figure 6.31 Figure 6.32 Figure 6.33 Figure 6.34 Figure 6.35
Masterplan by Alicia Madriago Exterior Landscape by Alicia Madriago Main Entry by Alicia Madriago Water Fountain by Alicia Madriago Walking up to Building by Alicia Madriago Main Entry by Alicia Madriago Community Center by Alicia Madriago Corridor Between Buildings by Alicia Madriago Overlooking South Face by Alicia Madriago Market Place 01 by Alicia Madriago Market Place 02 by Alicia Madriago Market Place 03 by Alicia Madriago Exhibition Space 01 by Alicia Madriago Exhibition Space 02 by Alicia Madriago Aerial Shot by Alicia Madriago By the Bay 01 by Alicia Madriago By the Bay 02 by Alicia Madriago Night Shot by Alicia Madriago Critique by Unknown
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figure 6.35
Arrival | Alicia Madriago
TO MY READERS... If I think back to my first day of architecture school this is something I wouldn’t notice. Architecture is aesthetic right? Now that I am in my thesis year, I can tell you that aesthetic is just one of the many considerations when shaping an experience. Some of the major thoughts when design comes to mind is: what is the function of the space, how can I make this space easier to navigate, does this space evoke emotion, am I creating architecture that betters the environment, and lastly, is my architecture creating a memorable experience. As I began my thesis I was concerned with the idea of arrival into new cities through transportation hubs because they have grown into scaleless, monotonous, and overcrowded spaces that lack engaging experiences. My goal with my thesis was to create an experience that doesn’t just push people through, but that also draws people in. There is no true way to measure the success of this thesis without putting it into the real world to test the site within the city itself. I envision a world in which the next time a person is traveling, it is not a hectic, chaotic, and isolating experience, but rather it is an experience as exciting and unique as the city it is located in. The future of city portals has arrived.
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