OLD CONTEXT, NEW SPIRIT Public Art in Penang
alini halim
PUBLIC ART IN PENANG
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CONTENTS
Abstract
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Introduction
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Public Art in Penang
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Types
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Role of Public Art
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Physical-aesthetic claims
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Economic claims
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Social claims
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Cultural-symbolic claims
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Conclusion
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Bibliography
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List of figures
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Nur Fadhilah Alini Binti Ab Halim 14005116 5th May 2015 Urban Design Development P32081 Module Leader : Georgia Butina Watson 2
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ABSTRACT
Currently public art is widely being used in order to enhance urban context and promote legibility of the place. Georgetown is a city located in Penang Island, Malaysia that is well known for its heritage and culture. There are efforts by local government to emphasize the local uniqueness and history by using public art as a medium which is relatively new in Malaysia. Consequently, this essay will examine how the public art in Georgetown can promote place-identity and become one of the city’s major roles.
Figure 1 Urban Sketch of Georgetown
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I N T RO D U C T I O N
Georgetown is a city that is full of architectural historic environment. Since British trading post was established in 1786 in Penang, the original town plan have been maintained and developed. Realized on the important role of the heritage and cultural value of the place, there are many efforts that have been done by local authority to conserve the uniqueness of Penang. In 1987, The Penang Heritage Trust (PHT) was formed to strengthen the conservation work so that all of the heritage value may be handed on to future generations. The PHT has been successful for placing Georgetown on UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Moreover, The PHT main aim is to regulate the development of the city in order to secure the heritage and culture of the area. Georgetown is a living proof to the multi-cultural heritage and architecture. Architecture in Georgetown represent diversity ethnics such as Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Malays, European and etc, each have their own distinctive culture while blending harmoniously with each other.The mixture of influences created unique urban townscape. The rows of vernacular shop-houses that heavily influenced by multicultural show the history and evolution of this rustic port city. After being awarded as a heritage site, Georgetown is more optimistic to increase every quality they have, especially for its tourism industry. In order to fulfil that, they need of new catalyst in Georgetown’s tourism industry is to take local tourism to the next level.
Figure 2 Facades of heritage buildings in Georgetown
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P UB L I C A R T I N P E N A N G
Figure 3 Mural of a woman on a wall
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In favour of supporting local tourism and enhancing the original heritage value, Georgetown needs some catalyst to create new unforgettable experiences for visitors.The ideology of bringing public art to give more vibrant environment to the place is being proposed and became one of place identity for Georgetown. One Malaysia Contemporary Art Tourism 2010 has been launched by the Minister of Tourism Malaysia, NG Yen Yen in order to enhance and familiarise Malaysian identity to the world. This campaign is one of the initiatives to escalate the quality of Malaysia tourism and simultaneously establish Malaysia as a hub for contemporary art in the region.
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Figure 4 Boy on a bike mural Location : Ah Quee Street
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There is various forms of art that can be found in Penang, one of them is public art. The city centre of Penang, Georgetown named as a famous city for its progressive effort in bringing public art into another level. The main propose of having the public art as a new catalyst of the city, is that to enhance Georgetown hidden jewels and qualities by translate it into art language. This idea is a brilliant way to blending in the old heritage context with new spirit of arts.
“Public art can make a major contribution to giving a place character and identity, bringing people into and through places -Urban Design Compendium Public art is the form of visual art created to be outside the background of traditional art venue. In other meaning, public art reflect on simple images or words that have a deeper meaning behind it or plainly created for fun. From urban design point of view, street art helps to promote a city in a unique way and certainly offer a different experience throughout the city exploration.
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Figure 6 Jet Li Mural
There are 2 main types of public art in George Town Penang ; Steel Rod Caricatures and Mural.
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Figure 5 Steel Rod Carricature
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Steel Rod Caricatures are located at the small alleys and streets. The art tells the local story and lifestyle in entertaining way. The simplicity of the caricatures makes the understanding of Malaysian history more fun and attractive. The material used for this artwork, which is steel rod are a wise selection as it is very sustainable and vandalism-proof. PUBLIC ART IN PENANG
Another famous type of public art in Penang is murals. The project of Mural called Mirrors of Georgetown created by famous artists around the world including Ernes Zacharevic. Most of the mural has high artistic value and deep meaning. The mural shows Penang scenes and local stories. Mural in Georgetown can be found in the narrow streets, alley and high walls. 13
R O L E O F P UB L I C A R T 14
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Figure 7 Hokkien accent´in Mural´s dialogue to 15 represent Penang´s chinese culture
There are so many functions of public art in urban design such as creating a landmark, focal point, celebrating the diversity of cultures or religion and etc. According to Zebracki 2010, there are 4 main roles of public art.The roles are explained in accordance to Georgetown Penang analysis.
Figure 8 Kids on bicycle mural by Ernest Zacharevic Location : Armenian Street
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Figure 9 Kungfu Girl Mural by Ernest Zacharevic Location: Muntri Street
Physical-aesthetic claims
In urban context, public realm is vital in creating environment that people love to live with. Public art has a quality that brings public realm to the city. Besides the aesthetic quality of the arts, the public art encourages more people to come and explore various parts of the city. In Georgetown, public art helps to improve attractiveness of a place. For example, Ernes Zacharevic’s mural can be found at the unexpected place like at a small alley behind a building. People become eager to come to the place in order to see the mural even though the place was not an alluring place to go. This proved that the artworks have upgrade the sense of the place for nothing to welcoming. Moreover, public art in Penang gives picturesque scenery that make people want to capture the moment and spread it by social media or simply by words. Thus, indirectly they will promote Georgetown by spreading the words and at the same time it will take Georgetown tourism to another level.
Figure 10 The existance of Murals give new life to the place
The art of place-making can be clearly seen in Georgetown. ‘Mirror of Georgetown’ is a concept of mural artworks that tells the story of local lifestyle and culture. The artist simply makes the blank muddy building wall as their canvas to draw the mural. The existence of the artwork automatically makes the area more attractive and legible. This gives a very good urban quality. Nowadays, since the public art project being launched, people are telling direction by stating the artwork of the place especially the deep part of Georgetown. Legibility of the place improved makes the whole experience in Georgetown seems more enjoyable and safe Artworks at Georgetown are scattered and sometimes it can be found at the unexpected place. This factor will generate curiosity among people and gives element of surprise in exploring Georgetown. Usually people who visit Georgetown will explore various part of the city including small alley and streets. With people available in every parts of the city, Georgetown became more lively and safer. The crime rate became lower as there is no opportunity for it to happen. When the street are lively with people, most of the places become public and the chance of the heritage building being abandoned are low as most of the part become active edges. People can go enjoy the art without taking extreme precaution on safety.
Mural by Karl Addison and Rone for Urban Xchange art festival.
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Mural of famous wooden clogs painter (Mr.Ng Chai Tiam) by Ernest Zacharevic
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Economic claims
The original propose behind the idea of creating public art in Georgetown is to promote the cultural uniqueness of Penang. Culture can be a form of tourism that people will actually be interested to be part of. Cultural tourism usually is very successful because it can be different on every place as people are willing to pay to learn about different cultures. As in Georgetown, people can get the most of the valuable cultural knowledge for free through the public art display. This factor attracts more tourists and makes Penang cultural tourism boost up after the adaptation of public art into Georgetown’s urban fabric.
Figure 12 Artwork in front of the ´pau´shop (traditional steamed bun) that helps advertise the business Figure 13
Steel caricature found in front of a restaurant
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The role of small street vendors cannot be denied as an excellent form of economic regeneration. The presence of public art even in the smallest corner of Georgetown helps local business to gain acknowledgement by attracting more crowds to the area. For instance, a steel caricature actually tells the story of local restaurant that located across the road and in another situation, local hawkers trying to sell their goods to people who come to see the artwork at the alley.
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As for the people who eager to try on local foods and goods for the sake of experiencing culture of the place, the presence of local business at the place will definitely be a great treat. This proved that the public artwork in Georgetown are not only makes tourist understand more on place identities but simultaneously helps local small business to grow. These win-win situations will escalate the economic value of Penang while giving exclusive cultural experience to people. The increment of Penang economy growth increases the island’s land value. The factor will have huge benefits in Penang urban development by gaining interest from local and international investors. According to Ernes Zacharevic “Street art is the biggest move of public art in term of public exposure, social engagement, and bring powerful momentum in contemporary art” . Georgetown gained fame for the public art and increased the economical value of the town. Annually there will be an art festival that gathered various artists and attract art-fans around the world to Georgetown. This will benefits economic growth and Penang tourism. The investment on the public art as city new catalyst will be paid off as the authority will gain more budgets on developing the town and maintaining the conservation project on heritage side.
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Figure 15 Steel Caricature on Pinang´s local business history
Figure 14 ‘Kopi O’ mural Location: Lorong Kimberley
Figure 16 Local food stalls spotted near public art
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Figure 17 Artwork that allows interaction with people
Social claims
Public art creates people behaviour about space and issue (Hein 1996). For most people, it is probably not architecture that turns physical locale into a well-loved place; it is more often of remembrance of human interaction that helps us to claim it.
Figure 18 There are simple props located at the site makes the art tour more enjoyable
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There are triangulation happened because of the public art. Triangulation is a process that provides a linkage between people and strangers to talk to each other as though they were not (Whyte 1980). In this context, public art in Georgetown become the fun factors that attracts people to go to various place in the town. They are infused with positive vibes and encourage people to interact with. People begin to appreciate public art by interacting with it. For example, people asked strangers to help to take their photo with the artwork, thus triangulation happened. This became one of the evidences on how public art in Penang open up the social interaction between strangers and enhancing the local community value.
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“A good public art is that creating opportunity for people to engage with and have a relationship with context� -Bach (2001) The simplicity of the public art at Georgetown make it easier for people understand relate with. Thus the messages that brought by the artwork are easy to deliver to the community. There are always people strolling around to look at the art at the hidden part of the city.They even hire a bike to get around in a group .The artwork that scattered around at the most unexpected part of the city make the art tour seems like a journey to recollect a distinctive physical setting that is strongest sensation to the city. This factor will stimuli their curiosity and make them want to see more of the Georgetown local lifestyle .Moreover, the artwork promotes a sense of community and encouraging social interactions with the locals. This proved that a place is not merely what was there, but also interaction of what is there and what happened there.
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Figure 19 Locals are watching Ernes working on his latest mural
Figure 21 The art tour activities makes Georgetown more active and safer
Figure 22 People cycle to search for public art in Georgetown
Figure 20 Tourist taking picture with the artwork
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Figure 23 Funny Carricature shows story of local culture and history.
Cultural-symbolic claims
“We need art, to help explain to us the
relationship between the life that each of us embodies and the life outside us” –Jane Jacob. The Death and Life of Great American Citie
According to Jane Jacobs (1961), the role of art is important in urban development. Art is a medium of telling local story and represent the culture of people. In order to deliver the messages behind every public art effectively, ‘Voice from people’ became a theme as a form of local quality and culture representation. The artwork has a sense of witty in telling a real history and story of the place. Some of the artwork tells the story of the past, and some of them are represents current situation that make people feels relatable to every story. When people feel connected to the public art, it triggers an interest to gain deeper understanding on the local lifestyle, culture and history of a particular place.
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Arts in Georgetown are not limited to public display art at the street only but also can be seen architecturally. The heritage value of a place seems timeless and brings people to indirectly visits the past of Georgetown. The old shop houses are being regenerated into a variety of functions such as restaurants, hotel, houses, art gallery and etc. Interestingly, the major facade and structure of the heritage building are not changed, instead the interior are creatively designed into a functional spaces. Most of the business-related building such as restaurant and hotel are based on arts as their main concept. The similarity of using local art and culture as a concept makes the business blends perfectly with the urban context. Moreover, this will opens up opportunities in promoting local arts to people who visit Penang from all over the world. The simplicity of the artwork in Georgetown makes it easier to be understood by various ages. The educational value of the public art in Georgetown has made it one of the popular places to go on school field trip. It is proved as an effective fun way to educate young generation about their culture and history. The existence of the public art actually helps to emphasize every good value of the city. The artworks give sense of identity to the place and contributing to Penang’s local distinctiveness. This will create stimuli to motivate people in conserving and appreciate more on heritage site.
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Figure 24 The Trishaw mural shows the local culture Location : Penang Road
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CONCLUSION
Public art as usually acted as a furniture and aesthetic feature of the city. Georgetown, Penang is one of the good examples of public art application to urban context. The case study on Georgetown proof that place identity is not limited to what already existed, but there are so many possibility that be made by a simple approach. The city tried to fade the gap between old and new context by using public art that represent the culture and historical. Public art existed make the walking experience more enjoyable and unforgettable. This new elements help brings more tourists to the city as well as increasing the tourism value.
Heritage is the most important quality of Georgetown. Despite the ideology of giving new spirit of the place by introducing public art as a city character, this element is not overshadow by the original heritage value but it actually helps to emphasize it. Nowadays, public art gave a big impact to Georgetown urban design scheme and influence the shape of the urban lifestyle. The adaptation of public art in Georgetown needs more attention to be more effective. According to Mustafa 2013, the applications of public art in Malaysia are considered new. People are still learning to appreciate and understanding the true proposes of public art.
Public probably feel that the artwork is stiff, thus, there are not engaging with the artwork -(Pllock and Paddison 2010).
There are risks of the public art being abandoned because of the lack of people relationship towards public art in Malaysia. Thus, the authorities should put more efforts in order to maintain and support the growth of arts in Penang that will bring huge benefits to the urban development of the city.
Figure 25 Mural that brings ‘our art is dying’ message in order to encourage people to appreciate local art.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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LIST OF FIGURES
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Mural
8. WiLL, (2012), Penang street art (Wall Cyclist) [ONLINE]. Available at: https:// travel2penang.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/ art04.jpg [Accessed 24 April 15]. 9. Ernest Zacharevic, (2012), Kungfu Girl [ONLINE]. Available at: http://travel.asiaone. com/sites/default/files/public/penang_2.jpg [Accessed 23 April 15]. 38
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10. Hasnoor Hussain, (2014), Penang Street Art Urban Xchange [ONLINE]. Available at: http://media.themalaysianinsider.com/ assets/uploads/articles/PENANG_STREET_ ARTS_051214_TMIHASNOOR_05.jpg [Accessed 22 April 15]. 11. Diari Hidup Mimie, (2014), Mr. Ng Chai Tiam [ONLINE]. Available at: http://3. bp.blogspot.com/-xCF01YmEnOg/ UvwLiCj7GYI/AAAAAAAAAOk/ LH0jJRSVP90/s1600/armenian.jpg [Accessed 26 April 15]. 12.Halim.A,Izmir.S, [photograph]
2014.
Pau
Artwork
13.Halim.A,Lee.JX, 2014.Behind restaurant [photograph]
the
14. Happy NZ, (2004), Kopi-O-Kau! [ONLINE]. Available at: http://s18. photobucket.com/user/happynz/media/ IMG_0561_zpse9a92a29.jpg.html [Accessed 24 April 15]. 15. Halim.A,Lee.JX, 2014.Steel Caricature [photograph]
Road
16. Clumsy Compass, (2012), Chendol Stall [ONLINE]. Available at: http://3.bp.blogspot. com/-wNYzwxTpb3E/URhpazL6Y1I/ AAAAAAAAARs/Dsqa5WTntuE/s1600/ IMG_0370.JPG [Accessed 23 April 15].
19. Gabija Grusaite, (2012), Earnestly at work [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.penangtraveltips.com/pics/earnestly-at-work.jpg [Accessed 01 May 15]. 20. John Doan, (2014), Dierdra Painted Wall [ONLINE].Available at: http://www.johndoan. com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/5.5Deirdra-Painted-Wall-Penang-Malaysia-JohnDoan.jpg [Accessed 23 April 15]. 21. Offtravel, (2015), People cycling [ONLINE]. Available at: http://offtravel.eu/ wp-content/uploads/2015/01/P1010927.jpg [Accessed 29 April 15]. 22. Halim.A,Lee.JX, 2014.People on bike [photograph] 23.Halim.A,Lee.JX, [photograph]
2014.Harimau
24. WiLL, (2012), The Trishaw [ONLINE]. Available at: https://travel2penang.files. wordpress.com/2012/08/art15.jpg [Accessed 22 April 15]. 25.Halim.A,Izmir.S, 2014.Our art is dying [photograph]
17.Halim.A,Izmir.S,2014.Bicycle [photograph] 18. Halim.A,Izmir.S, 2014.Funny art [photograph]
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