Feed To Eat by Fatima Al-Najar

Feed to EAT Fatima F. Al Najar Senior Seminar IDES 441 Fall 2020

Table of Content Concept Statement 2 Abstract 3 Rationale 4 Approach 5 Literature Review 6 Precedent Studies 10 Site Analysis 18 Interviews 28 Conceptual FrameWork 35 Acoustics Consideration 37 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) considerations 41 Ergonomics Considerations 44 Building systems considerations 47 building codes 49 Bubble Diagram 52 Adjacincy matrics 53 bibliography 56

CONCEPT STATEMENT

A greenhouse that works as an edutainment center encouraging Qatari families to embrace planting at home through the exploration of different planting processes.

A B S T R A C T This project proposal intends to design an entertainment center for people interested in plantations and would like to embrace a little garden in their home. The project will employ a hydroponic system to produce organic crops; the hydroponic system is growing plants without soil using water only. Despite that Closed water circuits encourage a kind of microbial activity that grows in water, the microbial activates when the water does not get cleaned which technology will take a part in maintaining the water. Technology will be Employed to control temperature, maintenance, light, and other preliminary factors of hydroponic agriculture. The purpose of this system is to stimulate organic production due to its nutritional benefits and lower the risk of exposure to toxic substances in the food. Organically grown crops are shown to be rich in phosphorous, magnesium, iron, and Vitamin C, and a lower concentration of pesticide residues and nitrates. Moreover, Even though organic livestock has access to outdoor food and organic feed, they are supplemented with animal by-products, growth hormones, and antibiotics. Axel Mie, Stefan, and Kahl (2017) note that inorganic farm products, both crop and animal, are concentrated with substances that harm the body. Due to it is economic environmental and health benefits Qatar should embrace organic cultivation methods. The project will support the Qatari government and people environmentally, health, and economically. Since the embargo on Qatar, the nation has had to overhaul its farming practices to fill the food gap, which is heavily dependent on imports. While this affected the economy of the nation, the adoption of organic farming has proved to be profitable to the economy.

The nation spent significantly on importing organic food products which are very expensive. But studies show that organic agriculture is very cheap; however, the prices for organic products are high because of high demand. Abusin and Brian (2020) state that organic farming in Qatar is a more efficient economic system for profit as well as reducing the environmental impacts that end up increasing the total cost of production. Organic farming depends on low-input farming practices such as crop rotation and extensive hands-on input from a farmer. Such production methods ensure that the nation can invest very little capital to produce and maintain organic farms. On the national scale, organic farming in Qatar reduces the social costs associated with erosion, reduces the depletion of fossil fuels, and reduces the federal costs needed to support commodity prices. Furthermore, home gardens benefits exceed food security. Affording sustainable food from home garden uplift a huge financial burden from people; home garden can save money on groceries. people claiming that they have no time to take care of plants, however, the Hydroponic system does not require that much of care as conventional agriculture. One of the positive environmental effects of organic farming in Qatar is its sustainability over a long period of time. In the country, organic agriculture takes a proactive approach to ensure the hostile environment can sustain food production. As such, modern solutions, such as atmospheric water harvesting, are applied to make the environment suitable for farming . Airborne water is a renewable and sustainable source of water as the humidity is naturally renewed through evaporation from water bodies. Because of the environmental, health, and economic benefits of organic farming, Qatar should embrace and invest in organic methods of cultivation.

RATIONALE Why Qatar Should Embrace Organic Cultivation Methods ? Food is essential for all functions of the human body, and as such, we need food for breathing, growth, and repair, and for keeping our immune system strong. As Qatar’s population continues to rise rapidly, the necessity for a more reliable approach to food production has become more apparent. As a strategy for cultivating food and addressing its nutritional needs, organic practices and principles are crucial and, most importantly, critical for survival. Organic agriculture is practiced under the principles of health, ecology, and care, all of which promote human wellness. These were laid down by The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), a body that represents organic organizations worldwide. The thesis project will articulate an organic environment through architectural design, the design will implement greenhouse features in an urbanized way to reflect an organic environment. Due to the environmental, health and economic benefits of organic farming, Qatar should embrace organic methods of cultivation. It is important to note that the industrial agriculture and food system contributes a significant part in the rise of chronic illnesses, ecological crises, economic and social inequality, all of which can be attributed to monocultures of heavily sprayed genetically modified crops. The breeding associated with genetic modification of crops leads to an increase in the number of secondary metabolites, all of which have been reported to harm the human body. Such include celery psoralens, which are phototoxic and known to heighten the risk of getting skin cancer, cottonseed Gossypol associated with impairment of the reproductive, respiratory, and immune systems, triterpene saponins in legumes related to hemolytic anemia and canavanine, an amino acid in the alfalfa plant which is neurotoxic. Additionally, heavy pesticide use associated with genetic modification of crops poses numerous health risks to farmworkers and consumers of these products ranging from endocrine disruption( associated with sterility, retardation of growth, poor immune function, thyroid diseases) to poisoning, obesity, cancers like leukemia, testicular and cervical cancer among others.

On the other hand, the hydroponic agriculture system optimizes on minimal use of chemical-free, fertilizers, and off-farm material and this way not only ensures productivity and health of the people but also enhances biodiversity and ecological balance. Research by the Organic Center established that organic foods have higher amounts of antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids, and are 25% higher in nutrients than other foods. Another publication by Agricultural Food Chemistry confirmed that organic foods have higher phenolic content, which has antioxidant, anticancer, and inhibition of platelet clumping activity. In addition to producing fresh and better-tasting food, organic farming is environmentally friendly. It avoids the use of chemically derived nitrogen, which contributes mainly to climate change and water pollution. This type of agriculture can also be practiced at home, community farms and gardens, urban gardens, and even CSAs (Community Supported Agriculture) for families with low-income earnings and this way resolve the unfairness and economic injustice in a system that provides meager incomes to crop farmers and lots of unhealthy junk to those who are poorer.1 The importance of producing food locally became apparent to Qatar after the economic blockade, which was imposed on June 5, 2017. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt amputated diplomatic associations with the country banning ships and airplanes from Qatar from using their sea routes, airspace along with Saudi Arabia stalling Qatar’s only land crossing( Al Jazeera). Three years down the line, Qatar still depends on imported foods for its food security. The Natural Marketing Institute has revealed the increased embrace of organic foods with yearly sales tripling worldwide. According to their predictions, organic produce is expected to keep rising in years to come by up to 20% annually. Concentrating on organic farming will provide Qatar with food security, provide ecological balance to its climate, and give it a substantial economic boost. It will need to import agricultural produce and export its products to the already available world market.

APPROACH Food is essential for all functions of the human body. In particular, Organic agriculture is practiced under the principles of health, ecology, and care, all of which promote human wellness. Due to the environmental, health, and economic benefits of organic farming, Qatar should embrace organic cultivation methods. The thesis is about educating Qatari families and people interested in horticulture about growing toxin-free and organic crops. In particular, the case will deal with biological cultivation production utilizing hydroponic method, considering the characteristics of crops cultivated without chemicals and without involving genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The hydroponic system is growing plants in water reinforced with nutrients instead of soil. 1 The proposal aims to take people through three journeys, where in each joureney people will experincce the nissicety on healthy food and the simplicity of impleminting the hydroponic system to extract organic production. The hydroponic system is a sensitive method due to the exclusive water dependence, which can cause some diseases like Fusarium and Verticillium diffusion rushing through the system2. Therefore, interviewing Ashraf Arafeh, an expert in artificial intelligence (AI), Arafeh has collaborated the AI with the hydroponic system to simplify the cultivation process. Since the hydroponic system relies on the water, there are several questions that need to be asked regarding the diseases that water can cause and how to reduce theses microbocial disease. although, the hydroponic system requires consistent maintenance and monitoring, AI takes a very important role in controlling the maintenance and monitoring of the hydroponic system. As well, understanding the hydroponic environment requirements will help draw interior design characters for designing my thesis. Horticulture is a very difficult field here in Qatar due to the nature of soil, brutal climate3, and other reasons. Therefore, to get a better understanding of general plantation management and the obstacles that stand in the way of producing organic and local production, interviewing Mohammad AL-Khater will be one of the initial steps for this project. AL-Khater is one of the partners of Torba farm (a farm which produce local and organic

production), benefiting from AI-Khater experience in farming will be the purpose behind interviewing him. asking him specific question about what are the obstacles that he faced to grow a healthy and sustanible crops, and how he was able to overcome theses obstacles. With regards to a doing precedent study , A tour of Torba Market and the farm will benefit from learning a proper interior design aspects for agriculture . Torba is a Qatar-based initiative that displays locally grown produce and artisanal goods from Qatar and abroad year-round4. The tour of the market will support qualitative information about the architectural and interior design characters of the building. The information will help in understanding the demands of the space that contains plants, like the installation materials, how the climate is controlled in the space, what are the electrical systems implemented in the space, how the building is oriented, and more. The tour of the market will benefit extract the negative and positive experience with agriculture, and these knowledge collected will assist in avoiding making the same mistakes and be aware of the obstacles that can stand in the way. A quantitive data will be elaborated from two books: “ Hydroponics: A Practical Guide for the Soilless Grower” by J. Benton Jones and “ Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice” by Micheal Raviv and J.Heinrich lieth. The books will benefit in extracting the initial information about how to practice a proper hydroponic agriculture. The books contain certain topics that will support the project such as, each plant demand a specific ratio of water and minerals. Identifying the ratio will help determine the percentage of water needed and minerals for a certain number of plants; this information will be involved in the design strategy to customize beds for the plants.

LITRETURE R E V I E W Introduction Shortage of food and produce is a crucial problem that is expected to rise in the coming years due to the economic, political, and environmental issues around the globe. Also, due to the high demand for food, the plant cultivation process has been altered to include the usage of toxins such as pesticides and chemicals and genetically modifying seeds. ( What Are Bio-Foods?) The thesis is about encouraging the Qatari families to adopt hydroponic systems in their backyard garden. planting in Qatar. In particular, the case will deal with hydroponic cultivation production, considering the characteristics of crops cultivated without chemicals and without involving genetically modified organisms. The hydroponic is one of the fastest growing methods, and there are other systems that can be involved within hydroponic system such as aquaculture. One of the fascinating parts of the hydroponic is the soilless part, which makes planting a clean and easy pursuit that can be activated at small home gardens. Primary research including questionnaires may accommodate people’s opinions toward planting. Furthermore, the hydroponic system can be investigated through later precedent studies.

LITRETURE REVIEW 1 Hydroponics for the Home Grower Author: Howard M.Resh Year Published: 2015 Citation:

In chapter eight, the book highlights the sources of nutrients in soil versus hydroponics. The nutrients in the soil come from a breakdown of organic matter through microbial organisms and animal decomposition. Animals that consume organic matter of the humus of the ground excrete simpler forms of organic compounds. Later on, the compounds are decomposed into simple compounds by the microorganisms. Lastly, the release of inorganic elements into the soil water to form the soil solution brings these essential minerals in contact with plant roots, where they are absorbed. On the other hand, In hydroponic culture, plants grow in containers that are wrapped. These containers will sit on return channels underneath to collect the spent solution and recycle it or drain it away from the growing area. The nutrient solution passes the root and is distributed precisely near the plants’ base with a drip irrigation system. The nutrients sources for plants must be highly soluble and of high purity. Hydroponic suppliers handle many blends of nutrient solution due to the variety of plants, and each plant demands a different ratio of nutrients. The book is relevant to the proposal because one of the most critical elements after water is nutrients. The hydroponics system demands nutrients to grow, and leafy plants require different nutrients from tomatoes and broccoli. To better understand

LITRETURE REVIEW 2 Aquaponics—Integration of Hydroponics with Aquaculture Author: Steve Diver Year Published: 2006 Citation: Diver, Steve, and Lee Rinehart. AquaponicsIntegration of hydroponics with aquaculture. Attra, 2000. This article focuses on the integration of growing plants hydroponically with the association of aquaculture. The discussion rotates around the benefits of using fish effluent water as a mineral for hydroponic irrigation water. The effluent from the fish tank is rich with nutrients; therefore, it is used to fertigate hydroponic production beds. Hydroponic and aquaponic creates an indefinite cycle in which the growing plants demand the nutrient-rich effluent from the fish tank, and the fish tanks necessitate the plant roots and rhizobacteria to absorb the nutrients from the water; nutrients generated from fish formed to build-up contaminants that would otherwise create toxic levels in fish tanks. The hydroponic growers view fish effluent as an organic fertilizer source that enables plants to arise well. Also, Fish farmers view hydroponics as a filtration method to aid fast recirculating aquaculture. The water quality characteristics of the raised fishes are crucial. The water features should include dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, pH, chlorine, and other characteristics, and it is essential to monitor the water quality constantly. The article is relevant to the proposal because of the essential information about collaborating hydroponics with aquaponics. Minerals are one of the initial elements for hydroponics after the water. However, processed nutrients can rebirth the plants or wither them due to unbalanced formula, wrong fertilizer, etc. Although nutrients are so sensitive to the hydroponic system, providing a nurture nutrient source such as extracting the minerals from fish effluent water tanks will sufficiently help operate the hydroponic system and prevent any issues that can happen because of minerals.

LITRETURE REVIEW 3 IoT based hydroponics system using Deep Neural Networks Author: Manav Mehra, Sameer Saxena, Suresh Sankaranarayanan, Rijo Jackson Tom M.Veeramanikandan Year Published: 2018 Citation: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.10.015 The article focuses on technology involvement in hydroponics. The IoT refers back to the Internet and storing data in the cloud. IoT can be an essential part of the hydroponic system due to its aid in automating the hydroponics culture. The hydroponic system required a daily monitoring system that reads the water level, pH, temperature, flow, and light intensity, which can be done using IoT. Machine learning is a minor in Artificial Intelligence (AI) that assists in providing computers the capability to perform actions independently after being trained for a particular task. Machine learning has various obligations in hydroponics to control the plant growth, optimization of Electrical Conductivity (EC) values of the Nutrient Solution. The article is relevant to the proposal because a hydroponic system requires daily and consistent monitoring of temperature, PH, and light intensity. Applying AI in the hydroponic domain will simplify the process of monitoring, which will aid in growing the crops healthily and consistently. The existence of AI will help in preventing all the disadvantages of processed nutrients or natural nutrients.

LITRETURE REVIEW 4 Hydroponics with wastewater: a review of trends and opportunities Author: Liliana Cifuentes-Torres, Leopoldo G. MendozaEspinosa , Gabriel Correa-Reyes & Luis Walter Daesslé Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cifuentes‐Torres, Liliana, Leopoldo G. Mendoza‐ Espinosa, Gabriel Correa‐Reyes, and Luis Walter Daesslé. “Hydroponics with wastewater: a review of trends and opportunities.” Water and Environment Journal (2020). This article talks about recycling wastewater and utilizing it as a water source for a hydroponic garden. The goal behind reusing the wastewater is to protect the environment. Reclaimed water (RW) is a viable source for product irrigation because it is constant and unaffected by climate variability and droughts. The cons of RW are the presence of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths. The article states the conflicts in views regarding the pros and cons of the hydroponic system with wastewater. The article states several studies about the pros and cons of adopting the wastewater in the hydroponic system. If these studies are adequately addressed, then the wastewater can be used in the hydroponic system, which will lift a hefty portion of government responsibility. Finding other alternatives sources of water to be used for planting will help reduce the reliance on government processing water.

CONCLUSION The articles and books analyzed cover enough detail on the methods adopted to improve the cultivation products. The selected literature states the ability to combine growing plants hydroponically, and aquaculture, the combination of these two cultures will build an aesthetic and functional environment for crops to grow. The “Hydroponics with wastewater” article states that the wastewater can be used to irrigate plants; recycling the wastewater and utilizing it for irrigation will reduce the reliance on government processing water. Also, Technology plays a huge role in controlling the climate; therefore, sensors will be adopted to adjust a proper environment set for a plant to grow.

PRECEDENT S T U D I E S

PRECEDENT STUDY 1 Greenhouse as a Home

Fig. 1. The diagram shows a variety of climate in the building.

Architects: BIAS Architects Client: Taoyuan City Location: Xinwu District of Taiwan Project Area: 336m2 Project Year: 2018 Project description: The project considers green architecture and the building was designed to regulate climate, leading to the creation of thermalregulation or climate regulation zones in various parts of the building, which enhances human thermal-comfort. (fig. 1) In the building, the human living space is intertwined with that of the plants and organized according to climatic zones, rather than traditional architectural areas. Greenhouses building materials and structures are arranged to separate climatic areas, while the distribution of water and energy flows is technologically managed. The purpose of the building is so people can experience an integrated variation of climate, landscape, and activities, while they cross “Greenhouse as home.” They can also activate some sense for the respective interdependencies, that is important for to trigger and develop a culture of sustainability.

Fig. 2w. The entrance of the building.

Relevance to Proposed Project: There are a variety of types of plants and each plant demands a different climate set-up. The plants in the building are distributed horizontally and vertically in the building, and according to its climate needs, The plants create a therapeutic environment where people can enter the place with anger and leave the place with serenity and calm energy. (fig. 2) The building exposes people to the four seasons’ climate, and in some of the zones there is an activity taking place. Like in the third zone, fresh vegetables are picked up in a daily manner and then cooked in real time for the benefit of the visitors. Just like the proposed project, the relation between plants and climate is one of the most important elements for a greenhouse success.The greenhouse as home considers the importance of people’s experience through the building and entertaining activities and fresh cooked food to enhance human experience.

Building structure: The construction materials as well as structures used in the building were arranged with the aim of separating climatic zones and distributing energy flows as well as water using green technologies. Thus, the element of green and sustainable architecture is demonstrated in the building through hydroponic farming that allows the growth of fresh vegetables for human users and climatic differences that can be felt by the users. (fig. 3) Light: Light is one of the most important elements in agricultural life, since plants rely on the sun to grow. Therefore, the building is designed to control climate with the awareness of the Sun necessitates, the material of the walls is well-chosen to reduce the sun rays however does not Obscure it. The roof was designed with the purpose of controlling solar radiation and light since it uses combined plastic films and agricultural gauzes. Fig. 3. The structure of the building.

Vernacular design: The signature of the building is the simplicity of the exterior and interior. the architects have created a new greenery world inside a transitioned pattern building, each area follows a different climate regulation system. The building has a climatic zone, which guided the organization and allocation of user spaces within the building. (fig. 4) The key design elements in the building include texture, color, form, and line. The use of lines is also seen in the design and demarcation of human living spaces, as well use of walkways plant forms, which have been used to create an aesthetic look as well as for climate regulation purposes. On the other hand, the texture is attained by using various types of construction materials and plants that have various textural attributes for aesthetic and visual.

Fig. 5. The interior structure of the building.

PRECEDENT

STUDY

Rooftop Greenhouse Agrotopia Architects: Meta Architectuurbureau Client: Inagro and REO Veiling Location: Oostnieuwkerksesteenweg Roeselare, Belgium Project Area: 9500m2 Project Year: 2015-2020 Project description: The rooftop greenhouse Agrotopia is an ambitious project for research and demonstration of vegetable cultivation. The building houses high-tech research facilities for fruit-vegetable and leaf-vegetable cultivation surrounded by an educational routing for a wider public.

Fig. 6. The entrance of the building.

Relevance to Proposed Project: The building is organized by creating different user spaces as well as cultivation areas. Where each type of vegetable or fruit is growing in its own area, there is clear existence of large-sized symbols of fruit and vegetable inside the building as a guide for people to know the location of each item. The use of solar energy and the design of the ceiling to allow natural light to enter the building is a very important element for indoor agriculture spaces. The space planning is well thought in terms of orientation of the plant area, and the solar system will be utilized in the proposed project. Building facilities: The double-height Greenhouse for the innovation of stacked horticultural innovations/solutions is located in the Vertical Greenhouse Gevelserre while the building’s heart contains the facilities for visitors. The grand stairs welcome users to explore the spaces from Urban Agriculture Square to other facilities. The reed filter for residual wastewater treatment and rainwater storage is located in the basement. This level of organization has enhanced the building’s functionality. The circulation path is straight lines and a clear pathway that takes people to all the sections in the building as it is shown in the diagram. (fig. 6)

Technology: The key parameters of the building include human spaces for research and educational purposes, as well as urban farming or roof gardening. The technology featured or used in this project is greenhouse technology, which refers to the provision of favorable environmental conditions that allows the growth of plants. Materials: The materials used in the projects include transparent materials. The design and construction materials used in the building include glass as well as a sculpture of steel, which are both transparent. These design materials were used to construct a project, which silhouettes the skyline. The rooftop is resting on the market’s concrete base. In this way, the building will establish a prominent position for Urban Agriculture on industrial roofs in the city skyline of Roeselare. Light: Natural lighting and the use of solar energy are mostly used in the building since it follows green architecture principles of using renewable energy sources. The rooftop material is transparent for the purpose of allowing natural light to enter the building.

Fig. 8. The entrance of the building.

Vernacular design: The transparent material in the façade of the building allows sunlight to expose the space. The concrete and the transparent material create a sort of contrast of light and heavy materials, the transparent material reflects lightness and concrete reflects heavies which combining both materials creates a contrast. Proportion, contrast, alignment, balance, and emphasis are the elements activated in the building through the facade, stairs, columns.(fig. 7)

PRECEDENT

STUDY

Adult Education Centre Architects: Danish architects Location: Odense, Denmark. Project Area: 134,550 square feet or 12,500 square meters Project Year: 2014

Fig. 8. The entrance of the building.

Project description: The main parameters in the project include designing diverse types of learning environments as well as spaces and learning environments that meet the needs or preferred learning styles of both young and older learners (users). Relevance to Proposed Project: The adult education Centre is an urbanized way of learning where people gather to learn and teach. The strong feature in the design is that the building provides diverse areas, featuring an active and transparent atrium for various learning activities. and there are areas for group learning however, there are other areas where people can work alone. The urbanized learning method will be utilized in the proposed project because the knowledge that will be launched to people will be verbal and live tutorials of planting. (fig. 8) Materials: The main materials used include transparent materials like glass, steel for reinforcement, and concrete materials. Light: The natural sunlight enters the building from the transparent material which is covering mostly half of the building. The lighting is provided by the use of renewable energy like solar. However, electricity is often used to provide the energy required by the building and its users. (fig. 9)

Fig. 9. The entrance of the building.

Vernacular design: The design elements and principles were used to create unique experiences for users. The design element of form and line were used to create rounded forms and curved lines cutting through the regular form of the structure; hence, creating transparency as well as different spaces. These design elements were used in the creation of adaptability, diversity as well as interaction, which are functional learning features. Also, the building features design principles such as order, hierarchy, proportion/scale, and sequence. These design principles help in the creation of cohesive, unified, aesthetically beautiful or appealing and functional educational or learning spaces. For example, activity levels decreased progressively from the Agora. Moreover, these principles were used to create hierarchy or levels of spaces with different activities, with spaces at the top used for contemplation and lowest activities while those at the bottom were designed for transparency and highest levels of learning activities. The building has a cone-shaped staircase to achieve orientation, visual point of reference, social as well as aesthetic (visual contact) functionality. . (fig. 10)

Fig. 10. The entrance of the building.

S I T E A N A LY S I S

SITE

ANALYSIS

Location: the state of Qatar is located in Western Asia, Qatar occupies the small Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Area: 11,571km² Population: 2,881,053 people (2020) Median age: 32.3 years Capital: Doha Ethnic groups: Most of the Qatar ethnic group is Arab 40%,18% Indian,Pakistani 18%,Iranian 10% other 14% non-Qatari 88.4%, Qatari 11.6% Religion : 70% of the population are Muslim, 13% of the population are christians, 26% of the poulation follows different religion. GDP per Capita: GDP per capita PPP in Qatar is expected to reach 92000.00 USD by the end of 2020 Official language: Arabic Spoken language: Arabic and English are the official languages Currency: Qatari Riyal Brief History Timline 1939 :Oil discovered in Qatar 1971 : Qatar gains full independence on September 3 2009 : Qatar cuts trade ties with Israel following Gaza offensive. 2010 :Qatar wins controversial bid to host 2022 Fifa World Cup.

Fig. 11. The entrance of the building.

Religion A bar chart shows the variety of religions in the region and the percentage of each religion.(fig. 11)

Katara Cultural Village

‫ذغفهئ‬City:Doha district:Katara cultural village. Area: 132km² Population: 796,947 (2010) time Zone: UTC +3 “katara” background “Katar” Cultural Village Foundation is an exceptional project for human to interact through art and cultural exchange The idea behind the space is to emerg global culture that emphasises the importance of diversity in human development, the Cultural Village is the largest and the most multidimensional cultural project in Qatar. It is a place where people gather to experience the cultures of the world. With beautiful theatres, concert halls, exhibition galleries and cutting-edge facilities, Katara aims to become a world leader for multi-cultural activities. The meaning of “Katara” “The name “Katara” appeared in the geographical and historical maps in early eighteenth century AD. In a French map of the Arabian Peninsula coast line, sea and gulf, the name was written “Katara” instead of “Catara,” which was the designation used by geographers from the map of Ptolemaeus in 150 AD until 1738 AD.”1 about Katara Qatar Soil: Soils in Qatar are marked by a small degree of organic material and are generally calcareous and agriculturally unproductive. Windblown sand dunes are common, and soil distribution over bedrock is light and uneven. Soil salinity is high in coastal regions and in agricultural regions where poor regulation of irrigation has led to increased salinity.2

1 https://katara.net/About-Katara 2 https://www.britannica.com/place/Qatar

Katara Cultural Village About Katara Location: Katara cultural village is located in Qatar’s east, and it plays a role in bridging people between Art and culture. The village is surrounded by several initial locations where it is a destination that people demand, like The Pearl island, Malls, and Hotels

The main places in “Katara” Katara Mosque Katara Art Studio Katara Beach Katara Shops Katara Opera House Katara Car Parking Veterinary Clinic Qatar Music Academy Katara Art Center About The Village The main places surround Katara

Proposed Location

Katara Multi-Purpose Hall

Restaurants: There are fourteen restaurant and coffee shops in Katara. There are a variety of choices of lebanese, turkish, Qatari, and other cuisine. Katara gathered the finest international restaurants under its roof to offer visitors a splendid taste of scrumptious diversity of culinary arts. In the restaurant area, nations are given the opportunity to showcase their unique culinary culture to all those eager to tease their taste buds with original flavors and outstanding cuisines. Activities in Katara: Several activities perform in Katara. Katara Art center memic so many events for children and adults who practice art. moreover, Katara stands for the exhibitions that Artists perform in galleries. On the other hand, Katara beach is one of the most vibrant and active areas where families gather. There are some water sports activities such as boat rides, water skiing, wakeboarding, banana rides, and windsurfing kayaks, and much more.

Climate in Qatar

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Summer

Winter

Quick Climate Info Hottest Month June\September(50°C avg). Coldest Month January (18°Cavg) Wettest Month January (0.8mm avg) Windiest Month June (16km\h avg) Annual Rainfall 78.0 mm (3.07 in) Equinox and solstice 2020 September Equinox 22 September (16:30) December solstice 21 December (13:02) March Equinox 20 March (12:37) June Solstice 21 June (06:32)

Annual Cloud and Humidity in Qatar

Annual Weather Avarage in Qatar

Annual Rainfall in Qatar

Doha has dry periods in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. On average, February is the wettest month. On the other hand, On average, August is the driest month.

Annual Wind speed and Wind Gust Qatar

All Year Climate & Weather Averages in Doha High Temp: 42 °C Low Temp: 14 °C Mean Temp: 28 °C Precipitation: 0.2 mm Humidity: 56% Dew Point: 17 °C Wind: 14 km/h Pressure: 1010 mbar Visibility: 10 km

Site Analysis Katara is an urbanized cultural village where Art and culture meet in an urbanized style. One of the essential elements highlighting the location is that the building is situated in a corner where the sun can efficiently expose the structure. Moreover, the building faces a large yard where activities can take place comfortably—figure (1). The building includes easy access teras where intimate performance can take place on the rooftop—figure (2).

Fig.1 large area infront of the building

Floor Plan

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Elevation and Section Drawings

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

INTERVIEWS

INTERVIEW 1 Name:

Mohammad Al-Khater

Company:

Creu Concept

Location:

Doha, Qatar.

occupation:

Science/Biology/Philosophy

Position: Interview type:

CEO and Founder of Crue Concept and Torba farmers market Face to Face

Interview date:

3 November 2020

Interview duration:

1 Hour

1)After few researches I knew that your speciality is not an interior design but you the founder of Crue Concept, which is an interior design firm, I would like to know about your specialty? And how you got into interior design? My specialty is alternative medicine and literature and film in between these diverse subjects design has been always an important element, design is the way to apply your thinking to something is a very structural theoretical way, that allows you to make the best use of any project you do, so I entered design field randomly. Design is an application for me, design and fittalt, it is that branch that arm that allows you execute and realize a concept, a vision, a dream, whether it is a farm, whether it is a shop,whether it is an office, whether it is a project. 2)How did you benefit from your studies in growing your interior design company? It Manifest in my way of thinking I would plan and think and read across different subject in very structured way and design allow me along with other skills such as reading and writing in literature and etc to bring together and synthesize different thoughts and create a new synergies your project is technically about synergies. Design around synergies is beautiful concept that we kind of neglect becaue synergies make things more better and they yield better outcome in general, so that is one way that design thinking helps.

3)Before coming here I went through your company’s portfolio, one of the company’s visions is designing spaces that enhance the human experience, I would like to know more about how design works on improving the human experience? Our moto designing placing that enhance the human experience they comes from the belief that anything we design should be human centric, unless your designing a factory for machines then everything your designing in the would should put human the center of the design weather your enhancing the quality of their life, wheather your filling a gap or a need in society, weather your using the humin at the center of this design base to assest something in the environment. Why are we growing food in another country and imporning it and polluting the environment why we dont grow it locally where people are? And how do we identify the problems and solutions that associated with that? So design thinking puting human in the center the heart of all this allows us to build instructive solutions that realy assist and offer soulution that are viable longe term and I think successful delaskile that if you build something and you didnt put the humen in the center then what are you puting in the center of your design? Beauty ? at the end beauty is every subjective thing in the world and object ive thing in the world has to somehow bring the human in it , in a meaningful way in a way that brings in our own version of holistic balance,my fathers generation when they started building urban projects here they Built them with their government salary that’s how cheap it was to build and that’s why they built this country but now the arena it’s different now we need to bring many more factors in our design whether it’s an urban development We need to understand in a way where is this leading to how can I build something that is indelible that lasts, how do I make it lasting? By being efficient by being cost effective by being obviously exaggeration, but I mean you understand internally useful.

4) I would like to know more about the Turba market project, what is the objective behind the Turba market? We worked on that project to create a more functional dynamic-driven place where food can be grown in a city in an urban environment but it is more like is community-driven. 5)In your opinion what are the element of success regarding the topic I intruduced? (Thesis project is about encouraging and educating people about planting at home by encountering growing crops hydroponically. The center will adapt three places, a room for plants to grow, space where people can experience planting, the last area for people to communicate, eat local fresh food, basically a small Proiortaize you goals with this project, it is about providing food locally? It is about education? Is it about experience? It is about tourism which is the most important one for you? What if there are three things? There are always more than one, if there is only one then it is dead project.. Local food, experince, and education. I am going to introduce this legend to you… Vadana Shiva… she’s indian origin she went into farming, seeds and the importance of seeds and pariaes and GMO and farming and farming techniques that alot of things that you want to promote are addressed by her.

6)What do you think about Hydroponic farming in large scale? I’ll give you an example from my world that you might be able to understand, alternative medicine, You can spend thousands of years trying to come up with with a solution for a disease that has already acure, that’s existed by God, you can spend thousands of years on your laps coming up with solutions and no matter with what solution you come up with chemically is never going to match the results you get from that God created. I’m saying that from Scientific background knowing and seeing cases. I believe technology can assist us a lot and can make life easier and make things more efficient, … Sophia people hakeem Said ”Humans need to create invention a technology that encounters the bad affect of technology that… “ The Proses of hydroponic farming It is an efficient way for growing, it is fast that’s the main benefit at the same time it is debatable whether it’s easy to maintain or not because there is a lot of work that it’s supposed to be done daily, Cons you spend a lot of electricity cons you spend a lot of looks electricity, The quality of the produce is 100% poor than anything that grows in a land, Hydroponic is a loss for Qatar in my opinion think about it from all sides first water is aVery scary source here in Qatar… 7)Regarding some researches, I found out that there are several non-qatari families practicing hydroponic at their house gardens where they are using foambeds and the products looks fresh and good, and my gaol is to encourage Qatari families to practice hydroponic planting at home, what do you think of hydroponic planting is smal scale home gardens?

tomatoes with basil. certain plants will protect and provide better conditions for other plants, garlic goes very well with roses, but they both assist each other in growth, garlic grows very well with roses and roses bloom better with garlic… on the other hand there are plants that are worse like dill with lemon, dill attracts the insects that eats lemon trees. This method that we are using in the farm. It is impossible to get organic eggs, chickens, organic meet, if I want to have a farm that includes organic food, I have to import food 7)Regarding some researches, I found out that there are several non-qatari families practicing hydroponic at their house gardens where they are using foambeds and the products looks fresh and good, and my gaol is to encourage Qatari families to practice hydroponic planting at home, what do you think of hydroponic planting is smal scale home gardens? Small scale home hydroponic system like vertical I believe that works; small scale, small input, simple maintenance, but when your talking commercial scales to offer a solution for food in this frame that what become a problem in my opinion. I think having a hydroponic system in your design as an example to show people as aneducational thing, that doesnt take from the core experience of having an intellegent way of farming in land it self.

Small scale home hydroponic system like vertical I believe that works; small scale, small input, simple maintenance, but when your talking commercial scales to offer a solution for food in this frame that what become a problem in my opinion. I think having a hydroponic system in your design as an example to show people as aneducational thing, that doesnt take from the core experience of having an intellegent way of farming in land it self. 8)The hydroponic system allows us to control the taste of the products using the minerals added in the water, on the other hand, the old farming techniques relies on seed and the quality of the water, what difficulties stood in collecting seed? It is so expensive to buy seeds, recently I bout a small bag of -seed with 2000QR, it is about preversing seeds we have a lack of community-drived seed back, and it is not only about saving seeds, it is also about finding the good quality seeds that suits your environment, it is not only about food it is about arringing into destination that we have a variety of seeds that do so well in our country, and that make it easy for everyone to grow them at home, at farm, in a commercial scale. 9)Regarding your experience in owning a farm, can you tell me about some of the difficulties you faced? Especially that all the productions are organic. All the land at North Qatar full with gravel, you have to filter the limestone get the sand that is mostly clay add sand to it, add munuar to it add compose to it, mix it, add coco beat to create a filtare, assuming you did that already. one way for me to avoid to increase my productivity and to avoid fungi and disease is to do something called companion planting, I will plant tomatoes with onion, I will plant 30

INTERVIEW

4)Could the hydroponic strategy be used in Qatar? Noticing that the weather here is hot and extremely humid? This methodology adopted in Qatar through a carefully designed space or “greenhouse” to control temperature, light, heat, and humidity. The functionality of the space plays a huge in creating a successful model for indoor farming that adopts hydroponic systems.

Name: Location:

Ashraf Arafeh Doha, Qatar

Occupation:

Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine learning

Biography:

Ashraf studied the role of Artificial Intelligence AI in the production of crops produced in a controlled environment, and how AI it could be used to improve controlled environment agriculture.

Interview type:

Face to Face

Interview date:

24 October 2020

Interview duration:

40 Minutes

1)Could you describe what is hydroponic? Simply Hydroponics is growing plants without soil, or you can also say growing plants with mineral nutrient solutions in water. 2)what does the hydroponic rely on? Hydroponic completely relies on water in the production phase, and the water should carry all the needed minerals of each plant. 3)how does Hydroponic works? The seeds have to grow in soil; then when it gets for about 2 cm tall we transfer the plan from soil to a mold that will be inside pipes, the water will pass through the pipes caring the nutrients and minerals that each crop needs, there is a cycle for the water before it passes through the pipes there will be filters to filter the water. 4)Could the hydroponic strategy be used in Qatar? Noticing that the weath31

5)What does a “carefully designed space” needs? When we talk about indoor farming using hydroponics, its basically a vertical farm. And the term “vertical farm” instantly changes the way we think of farming and typical settings. There are various things to tackle and to be taken into consideration when it comes to achieving a carefully “well” designed space. Theirs is the system or you could say the structure itself that will be holding the plants, how could you design a space that is efficient/space-saving alternative to provide fast growing and high quality fruits and vegetables for the population in Qatar or different parts of the world. Light whethernatural or artificial is a crucial aspect that need to be addressed. You could think of how to achieve a fair amount of sunlight distribution across the space in the daytime, also what type of artificial lights is important because you need to study each plant and the light temperatures that are suitable for each type. The usage of water and wastewater, how could you achieve a design with minimum wastage. 6)what do you think about reproducing water from humidity? Since Qatar desalinates seawater. Comparing basic agriculture and hydroponic, the hydroponic method saves 90% of wasting water, Therefore, reproducing water from humidity will be an extra step you can think about it later on. Solar energy can be another step where you can place the panels to rely on renewable energy. 7)What kind of crops can be grown using hydroponic? In a greenhouse, all crops can be grown simultaneously since the temperature and light are under control. There are no specific types, but of course thinking of your context is important. What fruits and vegetables that are staples in the diet of each population? The diversity in Qatar will allow you to experiment with different kinds of fruits and vegetables. 8)Do hydroponic beds supposed to be in one position? Or it can be placed where the water reaches? There are several ways to position the bed, and several styles as there are vertical and horizontal. The most important part is to provide each plant with enough nutrients and minerals. 9)What is the role of AI in this? You should that hydroponics work perfectly without AI. I personally believe proper implementation of technology in different aspects of our lives could help improve the

implementation of technology in different aspects of our lives could help improve the quality of life drastically. The role of AI and machine learning here is a bit complex, it focuses on creating systems that will help in calculating and analyzing growth ratios, the accurate mix of nutrients, and light for each different types of plants. It more about saving time and reducing the chances of inaccuracy and error. 10)Are there diseases that spread the impact of hydroponics? How can we reduce the risk of infection? This method is totally safe; there are no diseases or infections recorded using this method of farming so far. 11)what kind of problems did occur when you worked on your project? One problem was the rust in pipes; because we used metallic pipes. Exposing metallic with water results rust; therefore, I advise you to use plastic pipes. The second problem was the taste of the crops, was not the same that people prefer used to it. For example,if you want to grow carrots, you will buy a pack contains the nutrients specifically for carrots; this pack controls the taste of the carrots; in each country, the taste of food changes, therefor the mix of nutrients will also change going back to the context point. saving time and reducing the chances of inaccuracy and error. 10)Are there diseases that spread the impact of hydroponics? How can we reduce the risk of infection? This method is totally safe; there are no diseases or infections recorded using this method of farming so far. 11)what kind of problems did occur when you worked on your project? One problem was the rust in pipes; because we used metallic pipes. Exposing metallic with water results rust; therefore, I advise you to use plastic pipes. The second problem was the taste of the crops, was not the same that people prefer used to it. For example, if you want to grow carrots, you will buy a pack contains the nutrients specifically for carrots; this pack controls the taste of the carrots; in each country, the taste of food changes, therefor the mix of nutrients will also change going back to the context point.

D E S I G N C O N S I D E R AT I O N S

C O N C E P T UA L FRAMEWORK Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Hydroponics The topic of my thesis will be the use of a greenhouse to act as an edutainment center where people can learn, feel, and experience nature while practicing farming. The project will motivate people to switch from producing Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) to practice organic agriculture using a hydroponic system. The most recommended form of hydroponic farming is greenhouses that do not rely on soil for the growth of plants for human consumption and commercial needs. This project will motivate people to practice organic farming and create awareness about the significance of the interaction between humans and nature as a factor that makes an enjoyable experience for the psychological and mental well-being. The theory that I will use to explain my thesis is the Attention Restoration Theory (ART). This theory states that the more a person is exposed to nature, the more likely it is to improve focus and concentrate on activities [1]. This is due to the argument that exposure and interaction with wildlife have an impact on renewing a person’s ability to focus and achieve restoration of interest after experiencing boredom from repetitive tasks. When people perform tasks, it is more likely that they may spend sleepless nights completing the tasks within a particular timeline to cope with the studies’ urgency [2]. Such workplace experiences are associated with loss of interest and lack of motivation to proceed with similar future functions. “The attention restoration mechanism proposed by ART depends on engaging the Effortless Attention mode so that demands on Directed Attention are reduced enough to allow this limited and finite attentional mode to rest and restore itself.” [3] ART states that when a person gets exposed to nature, an individual’s capacity increased in learning, better perception development, positive attitude towards activities, better social interaction skills, etc. According to ART, the first stage of attention to something involves clearing the mind by getting rid of worries, thoughts, and concerns associated with regular activities.

This is followed by the authentic restoration of memory, where the mind undergoes recovery from attention fatigue caused by routine activities. The third stage is a distraction, where the mind is engaged in a low-stimulating interaction with nature, thus reducing internal noise, and relaxed interior space is created [4]. The final stage is relaxation caused by the interaction with the environment. In this phase, a person feels open and able to reflect on their life, change priorities, and set new goals. ART theory suggests that a natural environment must have particular characteristics to create attention restoration, namely: being away, create soft fascination, create an extent of immersion and engagement, and create a feeling of enjoyment and unity in the environment [5]. The diagram below illustrates an overview of these characteristics of ART. The ART theory will be suitable in explaining my thesis because it will support the view that practicing hydroponic framing will create a natural environment away from home activities that enable people to visit the greenhouses and interact with nature. During the interaction, it will be possible to undergo the three stages of attention by clearing the mind of the thoughts and experiences at home or workplace, achieving restoration from fatigue, engaging with nature in the greenhouse, and acquire relaxed mental states that enable them to set new goals and set new priorities. The theory is also suitable in explaining my thesis because the greenhouse project has the key components of nature that make it ideal in achieving attention restoration. These include: the hydroponic greenhouse will be located away from everyday living areas, it will create a sense of soft fascination, it can develop an understanding of immersion in nature, and can create a feeling of enjoyment of the environment.

C O N C E P T UA L FRAMEWORK DIAGRAM

Problem

The lake of attention make people fear exploring new activities like Hydroponic system

Solution

control people’s stress through exposing them to nature\surround them with plants

Achievement

Fig. 1. Framework for Attention Restoration Theory (ART).

achieving restoration

Fig. 2. diagram of ART stage.

ACOUSTIC C O N S I D E R AT I O N

In the proposed center, acoustics plays a critical role. One of the most challenging design considerations will be to control acoustic space; the design aims to obtain an overall tranquil atmosphere by bringing materials that reflect nature, like stone, wood, etc. However, it is hard to control acoustic among natural materials around the space.

The spatial relationships applied in the design will link between the public studio (learning environment), greenhouse, aquarium, and the coffee area through a shared room.(refer to Figure1) Yet, the acoustics in each zone will have a different approach. Nevertheless, a private studio will be located on the other side of the building; the acoustic will be controlled to keep the sounds traveling only inside the private studio.

Acoustics of the Two Studio Area’s

Fig. 2. Watering the plants.

Fig. 3. Hands digging a small hole in soil to plant seeds.

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Fig. 1. space

space diagram

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Fig. 4. The public and private studioes highlighted with red mark.

Although the public studio is a learning environment, the stress that holds the individuals due to learning new skills is the center’s focus line; therefore, it is crucial to control the acoustic but not dim the vocal in learning spaces. Since the main casts in the learning spaces are WATER, FISH, and PLANTS, the running water’s sound and the squeak of scraping soil will be the most entertaining and craved sounds. (refer to Figure 2,3) The ceiling hanging baffles are a solution that becomes part of a design aesthetic; this solution will be implemented in public and private studies to control the acoustic.

Acoustics of the greenhouse and aquarium The spatial relation between a greenhouse and an aquarium is space within the space. (refer to Figure 5) The fishbowl will be located inside the greenhouse area, aiming to provide people with information about how hydroponics and aquaponics work together. (refer to Figure 6) The aquarium’s running water will produce acoustical noises; however, the plant nursery in the greenhouse will have less acoustics. The sound of water in this area will travel to the cafe area to creates an aesthetic and relaxing environment. Yet, the sounds will be controlled through two systems, a baffle wall in the septic tank system implemented in the fishbowl. (refer to Figure 7) And a ceiling baffles sound absorption and aesthetic design. (refer to Figure 8)

Fig. 5. space within space diagram.

Fig. 7. A baffle wall in septic tank diagram.

FishBowl

Plant Nursery

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Fig. 6. The FishBowl and Plant Nursery highlighted with red mark.

Fig. 8. a detail drawing of a ceiling baffle.

Acoustics of the Cafe Area On the other hand, the most social and loud area shall be the cafe area, where people interact and peek at the learning area. However, the design aims to siege the coffee area’s noise, not spread the sound outside the zone. The coffee area will be the shared room between the greenhouse and aquarium. The sounds will be controlled through the ceiling baffles sound absorption and to create an aesthetic ceiling design. (refer to Figure 8,9)

ECHO Control: Echoes resulted when a sound’s repetitions are produced by reflecting sound waves from a surface, loud enough and received late sufficient to be perceived as distinct from the source. Sounds heard twice can be a problem in smooth surfaces and smooth materials on walls, ceilings, or floors. Echoes can be avoided by careful planning of the room’s geometry or permeable surfaces’ selective use. Absorbing the sound energy in echoes wastes energy that could be redirected to places where it becomes practical support. It is helpful to allow natural sound reinforcement along short paths while absorbing sound at excessive distances.

Fig. 9. Image reflect the aesthetic ceiling design of ceiling baffle

Fig. 11. Least Echo diagram.

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Fig. 10. The Cafe area highlighted with red mark.

Acoustic for the Workstations

Fig. 12. Sound Masking Diagram.

Fig. 13. Speech Privacy Diagram

Sound Masking

Speech Privacy

Sound masking happens when two sounds are perceived simultaneously, obscuring each other when sound masking is used for noise control, background sounds are deliberately manipulated to mask different unwanted sounds. This helps to cover both lower and higher frequency sounds. Sound masking introduces a nonintrusive, ambient background sound into the environment that provides speech unintelligible. This helps to ensure speech privacy, reduces stress and absenteeism, and creates a better work environment.

Acoustic privacy depends on speech intelligibility, which depends mainly on the sound level of background noises. Acoustic privacy requires reducing noise at the source, along with transmission paths, and at the receiver. Providing masking noise in neighboring spaces helps to disguise the information carried by speech and makes it less intrusive. The amount of speech privacy required within the area varies. Sound in open spaces can travel directly from the source to the listener. It might also be diffracted by objects in its path or reflected off ceilings or walls. The interior arrangement of the space has a significant impact on speech privacy. Speech in perimeter rooms with reflective surfaces may bounce out into areas occupied by other workers. High noise production areas should be grouped and placed on the perimeter at a maximum

INDOOR AIR QUALIT Y Indoor Air Quality is concerned with the overall air quality in and around structures and buildings, mainly focusing on building occupants’ comfort and health[1]. Understanding and controlling the typical indoor air pollutants can help reduce indoor health concerns. Greenhouse structures are designed to trap heat inside to assist farmers in growing different crops, but while they allow a lot of sunlight inside, they have minimal air circulation. It is imperative to ensure that greenhouses have the right Indoor Air Quality to ensure that the plants have the right environment and the farmers and users of these structures are not exposed to poor IAQ. In this project, the greenhouse will be an edutainment center applying hydroponic and aquaponics technology. The technology implies maintaining good ventilation is vital to provide the plants and visitors with good Indoor Air Quality. This discussion explores the Indoor air quality issues that are likely to affect this edutainment center greenhouse. The most likely air pollution sources in this greenhouse will be due to insufficient ventilation. NASA’s study reported that the increase in ozone pollution, or smog, is causing warming in the Arctic regions. Ozone in the troposphere is a greenhouse gas, including a health hazard. (1) Most of the trapped gasses in the greenhouses travel to the troposphere creating ozone pollution resulting in the gulf regions get warmer and warmer. Poor ventilation often reduces the removal or dilution of pollutants from indoor environments such as greenhouse structures causing Indoor Air Quality problems. In particular, if the greenhouse is highly populated with plants, aquatic animals, or students, and the ventilation is poor, it will accumulate high levels of CO2 and other gases emanating from fertilizers and organic materials used at the facility. The building’s location is near to the sea which the climate there is humid and warmer than the other sectors in Qatar. (refer to figure.1) Outdoor sources will also lead to air pollution at the structure because the air from the surrounding environment will enter into the greenhouse through the existing ventilation. The type of activities around the greenhouse will determine air pollution in the facility where a busy road network or dust and humidity would increase pollutants’ level. 41

Fig. 1. Site Analysis of the chosen location highlighting the activities and prilim info.

Imparct of IAQ on Users’ Performance and Experience Too much concentration of CO2 gas within the greenhouse will impact plants’ growth and productivity while also affecting the health of students and farmers visiting the facility. It could even result in the death of aquatic life used in aquaponics technology in some extreme cases. Within closed greenhouse environments with little ventilation, the plants tend to draw down on the carbon dioxide significantly below the normal ambient atmospheric levels, particularly during the daytime, which harms the overall plant’s growth.

Strategies and Pollution Preventive Measures Single-sided and cross ventilation Single-sided and cross ventilation consists of air replacement through openings. (refer to figure.2). Cross ventilation is defined by outlets located in two or more locations. (refer to figure.3) Single-sided and cross ventilation systems will be implemented in the Cafe area, reception area, staff, and manager areas depending on openings’ availability. Designers prefer cross-ventilation due to the practical and better advantage of the high-pressure gradient around the building. Nonetheless, single-sided ventilation efficiency relies on the gradient forms on only a single facade. However, single-sided ventilation is commonly used, especially in residential buildings.

Fig. 2. Single-Side ventilation diagram.

Fig. 3. Cross ventilation diagram

Fig. 4. Windcathers day diagram

Fig. 5. Windcathers night diagram

Windcatchers Windcatcher is a natural ventilation system that resembles chimneys and aims to pass the outdoor wind, usually at high elevation, at roof level, to channel the air towards the indoor spaces. Traditional windcatchers are still used in some parts of the Middle East, while modern versions have also started to appear in Europe. The windcatcher ventilation system will be adopted in the aquarium and greenhouse are to allow the air to cycle inside the building. During the day, the air from outside enters the building through the structure’s positive pressure side. The air inside the building rises and is drawn out through the negative pressure side of the windcatcher. (refer to figure.4)When lower wind conditions are expected during night-time, the main ventilation driving force is the temperature difference, usually referred to as buoyancy-driven or stack ventilation. (refer to figure.5) The cooler air from outside descends into the building due to its higher density. Displaces the warm air within the building, forcing it to leave through openings. Night-time cooling reduces the heat gains during the day by cooling the thermal mass at night using external air. It discharges the accumulated heat towards the outside to lower the thermal mass’s temperature to be ready for the next day. This night ‘purge’ ventilation cools the building fabric and indoor spaces and results in a delay or reduction of indoor temperature peaks during day-time. Night-time purging is more effective, particularly in climates with an extensive diurnal temperature range, and has the advantages of meager operational and maintenance costs.

Single-Side ventilation Cross ventilation

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Fig. 6. Ventilation diagram of the chosen building.

Conclusion Ventilation is essential for the ecosystem and structure within the greenhouse because it will provide fresh air and reduce humidity, reducing the risks of plant diseases and causing health issues to the farmers and visitors. The installation of filtration and ventilation systems in the greenhouse should be a preventative pollution measure requiring careful attention to help the structure achieve quality Indoor Air Quality[2]. Another preventative pollution measure would be ensuring that the greenhouse does not accommodate too many plants and visitors at the same time because it will lead to a high concentration of CO2 gas within the facility. Finally, to prevent frost at the greenhouse, particularly during winter, ambient temperatures will have to be maintained high, particularly at night; a space heater should be the ideal or most recommendable tool for this job.

ERGONOMICS C O N S I D E R AT I O N Agriculture is considered the primary source of food supply and raw materials for industry and medicine. Moreover, considering the ergonomics in agriculture and the consequent demand for food, agriculture constitutes the worldwide economy’s backbone. There are three types of economics in the design field, and I will be discussing two of them: physical ergonomics and organizational ergonomics. Ergonomists concentrate on the moral aspects of work and the posture of individual and societal character. The meaning of ergonomics is designing or arranging space considering that the users fit in the room. Ergonomics is one of the essential aspects of design for people; it applies to anything that involves people’s workspaces, sports and leisure, health, and safety. Understanding the development of ergonomics is strongly affected by the social environment. Its permanence as a workable modern method depends on its sympathy to economic, legal, technological, and organizational contexts. Ergonomics is an integral part of a social ambition to optimize work systems by improving productivity, quality, safety, and working conditions. North America referred to Ergonomics as a human factor as it is a branch of science that studies human abilities and limitations. Ergonomic is applied in designing to improve people’s interaction with products, systems, and environments. Ergonomics will play a huge role in my thesis project due to the purpose of the center. The proposed project is about an edutainment center that encourages people to embrace planting at home by exploring different planting processes. There will be some physical activities in the center; therefore, ergonomics will define a safe, comfortable, and productive workspace.

Physical Ergonomics Physical ergonomics are critical of ergonomics, as most organizations prioritize physical comfort when trying to accommodate their workers. Physical ergonomics focuses on the interaction between people’s bodies and the tools they use daily. By tools include desk chairs, keyboards, Furniture, aquarium, and computer equipment. Physical ergonomics is not limited exclusively to office environments, yet ergonomics is included in everything human is included in. Ergonomics plays a considerable role in my thesis project because there is a lot of physical movement around the space. People will be moving from three stages, and these stages must be comfortable and ergonomically thoughtful. In the greenhouse and aquarium section, people will walk by to learn and see the technicality of nursery plants and aquariums. Therefore the pathway will be comfortable and accommodating people’s steps. The planters will be custom-designed in a way to help the workers easily collect the crops. And to view and learn about the Circulation of water from the aquarium to the plant nursery. (refer to figure .4) Organizational Ergonomics Organizational ergonomics examines ways to optimize entire workplaces. Organization ergonomics aims to maximize teamwork, improve communications, increase output, and reinforce the overall production quality. People will work together in the studio area; therefore, chairs and tables Will be ergonomically comfortable for people to use and enhance teamwork. There will be many physical activities in the studios where people will be moving around working with the soil and water; the chairs will be easy to move around and a part of their movement but not Blocking their way. (refer to figure.3 and 4)

Fig. 2. chairs that will be used in the two studios.

Fig. 3. the table that will be used in the two studios.

Customised Detail

Hook base structure| there is embaded Planter LED light

Fig. 5. space within space diagram.

Pipe returen the water from the planterto the fish tank Pipe comes from the fish tank to the plant

short pipe that returen the water from the plants to the fish tank

FishBowl

Long pipe that takes the water from the fish tank to the plants

Plant Nursery

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Fig. 1. The FishBowl and Plant Nursery highlighted with red mark.

Fig. 4. annotated customized-design planter.

studio

Aquarium

Aquarium Cafe area

studio

greenhouse

Cafe area

studio

greenhouse

reception

Natural light access Artificial light access

Fig. 5. circulation diagram

Fig. 7. Artificial and natural light diagram.

Circulation system

Light system

The ordering principle of the space will be a linear datum order that will control users’ circulation. The linear datum is a vertical line that cuts through to organize the places through the liner line. The linear datum order works well with the ergonomics of the human circulating through the center. Plus, dynamic lines will be utilized in corridors by connecting cables from the ceiling to the walls. Dynamic lines will be used to evoke and control the user’s comforts. Most of the furniture will have a biomorphic form to harmonize the space and bring productivity.

The quality and quantity of plants rely on the amount of natural and artificial light in the building. Light is one of the essential requirements for plants to grow, and it affects the performance and energy of people using the facility. The design will embrace strategies to bring in diffused sunlight; the two areas exposed to natural light are the cafe area and greenhouse. (refer to figure1)

BUILDING SYSTEMS C O N S I D E R AT I O N A building code is a set of rules that specify constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. Installations must conform to the code to obtain planning permission, usually from a local council. The purpose of building codes is to protect public health, provides safety and welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The ceiling system and the electrical and lighting system are the main focus of my thesis.

Fig. 2. ventilation methods..

Ceiling system One of the most critical aspects of agriculture is exposing sunlight to space. Therefore the ceiling will work to expose plants to sunlight as well as to provide a ventilation system. By dedicating the building’s size, the structure is provided along with the covering installed. “Building code authors understand that greenhouses are covered with glazing materials that allow heat to rise and melt the snow that falls on the roofs” The ceiling plays a massive role in the atmosphere of the interior garden center; therefore, the ventilation of the area should be considered and designed to nearly cools the temperature of the space. Especially that Qatar extreme in summer temperature. 20% of the roof area must open as a ventilation band or a single casement. The fig.2 and 3 are some of the ventilation methods that will be implemented in the design. However, the ceiling system will be exposed to increased natural lighting with skylights. fig.4 the expose system is also known as open ceilings. In this type of roof, all the structural and MEP systems are left exposed, as in fig.1, as they are either left with their typical colors or painted.

Fig. 1. example of exposed ceiling system.

Fig. 3. Windcatcher ventilation methods..

intermediate ventilation

RCP 500 cm

1000 cm

2000 cm

5000 cm

Fig. 4. The public and private studioes highlighted with red mark.

exposed ceiling system

Windcatcher Ventilation Method

Light system

LED Lamps.

Artificial light will be used in the center extensively to control the plant’s growth under several conditions. High-Intensity Discharge Lamps are the most efficient lamps used for supplemental lighting in greenhouses are also called high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps. (refer to figure.5) These Two metal halide lamps (MH) and high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are the primary interior garden choices.

Fig. 5. Image reflect the aesthetic ceiling design of ceiling baffle Fig. 6. Plant Nursery.

Private studio

Cafe

Aquarium area

Reception area

public Studio greenhouse

The light intensities and efficiencies occupied by high-intensity discharge lamps are higher than either incandescent or fluorescent lamps. These lamps have a high light output (and produce a lot of heat) to be placed about two feet or more above the top of the plants. This light will be located above each plant pot in the greenhouse area. As well as for the studio area, there will be two types of light, the High-Intensity Discharge Lamps and LED lamps, to create a similar daylight atmosphere. (refer to figure.6)

Furniture Plan 500 cm

1000 cm

2000 cm

5000 cm

Fig. 7. Furniture plan with annotation.

BUILDING CODES

A building code is a set of rules that specify constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. The primary purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety, and general welfare related to buildings and structures’ construction and occupancy. The building codes play a huge role in providing the users a safe and healthy experience in the proposed project, where several activities occur. As shown in Figure 1, the chosen building’s plan highlights each space with the area by the square meter and the occupancy load factor. The occupancy classification groups that are implemented in my thesis are: 1- Business 2- Assembly 3- Utility and miscellaneous 4- Storage

Preferred capacity estimation: the number of people accommodates the capacity of each area in the center. Example of how to calculate the occupancy laod: Formula: Occupant load = Floor Area (sq. m) ÷ Occupant Factor 1-Business The area of the manager office is 50sq.m 50sq.m ÷ 9.3m2 = 5

Legend Exite\ Entrance

Area Sq.m

Occupancy load

Fig. 1. Space planning indecates each area.

Fig. 2. The process of identifying the different occupancies in the space.

1- Business The business group’s occupancy classification will be implemented in the Reception area, Manager office, facility areas.

1- Assembly The occupancy classification of the assembly group will be implemented in the café and studios.

Regarding the (Neufert Architect’s Data Book)

Cafe area Occupancy load is: 119 Area Sq.m: 122

Manager office Occupancy load is: 5 Area Sq.m: 50

The cafeteria will accommodate a large number of people. The arrangement of tables in the space will be parallel. For a comfortable experience, one person requires a table area around 60 cm wide and 30/40 cm deep. Considering the distance between the chair and the walls is one of the concerns; however, the space between the walls and tables should be at least 75 cm because the chair requires 50 cm.

There are no fixed minimum dimensions for the workspace, but the manager’s office must have enough area for storing papers and essential physical documents. Plus, a small meeting table will take 2 m by 2m inside the manager’s office. Facility Areas Occupancy load is: 7 Area Sq.m: 60 The facility area will accommodate at least 5-7 workers, and there are a lounge, workstations, and lockers. The workstations will have some computer screens. The regulation is laid down according to the “safety rules for visual display work stations in office area issued by the association of commercial Accident insurance companies.” The company rules include some guidelines and codes for a workstation, ergonomics requirements for the office work with visual display terminals, safety rules for office workstations, and technical services standards. The circulation between the tables in the workstation must be at least 1m; however, the lounge area’s circulation must be at least 0.6m will be sufficient. Reception area Occupancy load is: 9 Area Sq.m: 90 The reception area will accommodate many people, and the reception will form a star shape where there is a long passage, then there is a breaking point that will separate paths as shown in figure 4.

Studios Occupancy load is: 60-70 Area Sq.m: 80-90

Fig. 3. Reception form. Reception area star form

The Studios should accommodate at least 6 to 10 people; the studio’s activities are physical; therefore, one person required 1 m x 1 m space to work comfortably.

Fig. 6. ventilation methods.

FishBowl

Fig. 4. circulation diagram of the chosen site. Plant Nursery

Furniture Plan 500 cm

1000 cm

2000 cm

5000 cm

Fig. 5. The FishBowl and Plant Nursery highlighted with red mark.

1- Utility and miscellaneous The occupancy classification of the utility and miscellaneous group will be implemented in the greenhouse and aquarium. Regarding the (Neufert Architect’s Data Book) Greenhouse Occupancy load is: 9 Area Sq.m: 264 The ventilation of a greenhouse should be considered and designed to near suites the temperature outside. About 20% of the roof area must open as a ventilation band or a single casement to achieve this. For the insufficient natural shading outside or intense sunshine, sun protection will be necessary. The effect of external sun protection is more significant when the distance between it and the glass is large enough. Aquarium Occupancy load is: 29 Area Sq.m: 137 The aquarium is one of the virtual spaces that people will go through in the building; therefore, it is important to consider people moving around the vertical transparent pipes that will hold the fish. (Refer to figure), the space between the pipes will be less than 1m. 4-Storage Occupancy load is: 26 Area Sq.m: 35 The storage group’s occupancy classification will be used to determine the storage area used to store all the aquarium and hydroponics supplies. Most of the supplies that will be stored are equipment that will be used in the studio and equipment used to maintain and work on the hydroponics and aquarium—the height of the store area normally proscenium the height +2 m.

Fig. 7. aquarium area, the vertical pipes.

ADJACINCY M A T R I C X

B U B B L E D I A G R A M

Conceptual P h a s e

Conceptual A p p r o a c h Symbiosis There is a symbiotic relationship between fish and plants, where fish provide plants with nutrients, and the plants provide fish with what they need. The HUMAN! The human works on connecting the fish and plant’s locations to activate their symbiosis system. The hydroponic and aquaponic system is quite sensitive and it requires proper proportions of guitars, water, etc. Microscope The microscope was used to identify and develop a curve to be customized for the center. Since the journey of growing crop starts from feeding the fish, moving on to transferring the waste from the fish tank to the plant potts, then the roots absorb the waste; lastly, the plant grows. Collecting several features to analyze their components through the microscope was a step to develop a customized organic shape and explore the features. The item collected were: Fish flakes. Wastewater from a fish tank. Roots of a hydroponically grown plant. A leaf of a hydroponically grown plant.

Figure 1. hand sketch on paper

The analysis concluded that the colorful fish flakes appear in every phase, but the form minimizes and shrinks. The fish flakes move safely surrounded by water continuously.

Figure 3. Wastewater from a fish tank

Figure 4. A Root of a hydroponically grown plant

Figure 5. A leaf of a hydroponically grown plant

Figure 2. Microscope of Fish flakes

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

M e e t i n g Challenges

One of the main challenges is that in the greenhouse area, people will be visiting and moving around which will be affecting the indoor air quality, due to the users and plants using the same gases. Therefore, the greenhouse area is designed to be a threshold that allows users to learn, explore, and enjoy the experience as they are walking through the center rather than a closed space to prevent toxic indoor air pollution. To enhance the indoor air quality cooling sheets are implemented on the façade of the building to help in cooling the indoor atmosphere inside. While still allowing access to sunlight in the center. Huge Fan Cooler material

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Figure 2. Cooler Material used in greenhouses

S c e m a t i c P h a s e

E X S I S T I N G B U I L D I N G L A Y O U T

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

N e w D e s i g n Program

The center is designed to allow users to experience three stages. The first stage is the learning stage, where they get a deeper understanding on what goes in a greenhouse area. The second stage is where they apply what they have learned, users will practice plantation. The final stage is where the cafe is, to allow users taste the fresh and organic crops.

International B U I L D I N G C o d e s

There are two main entrances the first one takes people to the reception area and from there they can pass through the greenhouse then the studios then the café. The second main en-trance takes people directly to the café and that is for people who already visited the center, and they want to go directly to the café. There are two emergency doors one behind the reception area and one between the private studio and the toilet. There is also another door for the store to help moving items easily in and out without interrupting people’s circulation path throughout the center.

Circulation Program

A c o u s t i c s

S p a c i a l Organization

With design program and layout, a linear organization allows the Aquarium and the plantation to connect spaces, activities, people, and minds, emphasizing the coming together and the support.

Concept O n P l a n

sustainable A p p r o a c h Natural light and Artificial

One of the main important design considerations in a greenhouse is the exposure the plants have to the sunlight. The Centre is designed to have full access to sunlight. The most exposed spaces to sunlight is the greenhouse and the cafe to enhance people performance.

Ve n t at i o n

Regarding the ventilation there will be two huge fans in the east of the building and several cooling pads designed to be in the façade of the building. The cooling pads absorbs humidity and hot air, and then the fan takes out the hot air. This method will be implemented in the greenhouse area to reduce the hot air and enhance the indoor air quality.

Materiality

Mud wall Concrete

faux brick

The materials plays a huge role in the center, since it is a greenhouse and gases trap inside, as well as, humans and plants use the same gases. The indoor air quality will be considered and enhanced in several ways. Firstly the mud brick is an oxygen producer therefore it will be implemented in the greenhouse area and between the studio area and the café. The concrete works well with hydroponics therefore it will be implemented in the floor, as well as it will give a sense of industry working area. Faux brick will be implemented in the reception area to give more of industrial working centre and reflect the identity of the centre.

Double glass with cooler material

Color Scheme

Due to the psychological effects of colors on people, some colors tend to inspire creativity and productivity. In contrast, others can produce feelings of depression and sadness. Therefore, color choice depends on the utility and the (blue and green) colors.

Construction D o c u m e n t

Dimension P l a n

Furniture P l a n

F i n i s h P l a n

Reflected Ceiling P l a n

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

E l e vat i o n A

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

E l e vat i o n B

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

E l e vat i o n C

Perspective Randers

Reception area

Greenhouse| Phase 1|Learning

Private studio| Phase 2|Practice

Public studio| Phase 2|Practice

Cafe| Phase 3|Tasting

Kitchen| Phase 3|Tasting

Randers Of Custom Design

Mud Wall

Mud brick is a fire free brick that consist of a mixture of clay, mud, sand, and water mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw. Brick clays usually have high SiO2, and low Al2O3 content. They also contain usually considerable amounts of iron oxide, calcium carbonate, potassium oxide, and low content in sodium oxide, titanium oxide and sulphates. The silicon and potassium in the mud mixture is oxygen producer, and it helped and enhancing the indoor air quality. Specially that in a greenhouse users and plants use the same gases. Sustainable development includes socio-economic and environmental targets and concerns all sectors of human activity. The major reasons for green building are to reduce energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, water use, and waste production versus traditional building. As the energy consumption of a building depends mainly on the building’s construction and materials, building type, climatic conditions, occupancy behavior, insulation, heating, cooling, heating water, and lighting. Mud is economical, practical, functional, and attractive. It is easy to work with and gives an asethatical desifn element in the space. Mud is useful in humid and hot climates and it is a natural building material that is found in abundance

Fish Tank

polycarbonate lexan sheet

The fish tank has a strong structure to hold the water and fish and to handle the pressure of planter on top of the Fish tank. There are Squares that can be moved for any maintenance needed and for feeding the fish. There are two holes on each square for the two pipes of the planters to come inside. In addition, to a filter placed in the base of the fish tank to push the water up through the pipes of the planter. The Cover of the Fish Tank Is designed in a Functional way. There is a hole in the cover where the pipes from the plant holder can fit in. The cover can be removed Temporary for maintenance and to feeding the fish.

Plant Holder

The plant holder is fixable; they are attached through a hook from the ceiling to the top of the Fishtank. There are two pipes at the bottom of the plant holder that reach the fish tank’s top. These pipes are responsible for the water cycle Where; one of the pipes supplies the water to the plants, and the other pipe returns the water to the fish tank.

Facade of the building Considering the indoor air quality, cooler pads Are implemented in the building’s façade, and two giant fans are placed in the east of the building. The cooler Pads absorb humidity And hot air; Then the Fan takes the hot air out of the building.

Furniture, Fixture, and Equipments

Furniture Schedule

QUANTITY

MATERIAL NAME

LOCATION

COLOR

DIMENSION/CM

MANUFACTURER

Chair

Cafe

Green Velvet and Brown Wood

70W X 80L X 60H

Nabco Furniture Center

Customized Studio Table

Private and Public Studios

White Plywood

544W X 429L X 70H

Custom

Chair

Offices

Brown

65W X 60L X 40H

Nabco Furniture Center

Dining Table

Facilities Lounge

metal legs, wood countertop

140W X 60L X 60H

Nabco Furniture Center

Coffee Table

Cafe

Glass and wood

60W X 30H

Nabco Furniture Center

Ergonomics Seating

Cafe

Wood

158W X 60L

Custom

Stool

Studios

Wood Legs, Leather Seating

40W X 40L X 60H

Nabco Furniture Center

Round table

Cafe

Plywood

140W X 70L

Nabco Furniture Center

Cafe

Orange textured Velvet and metal legs

65W X 60L X 40H

Nabco Furniture Center

Chair

IMAGE

Light Schedule

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Fatima F. Al Najar Senior Seminar IDES 441 Fall 2020