Sustainable Living in Industrial Area Human were automatically attached by rights since they were born. These rights known as Human Rights. According to United Nation, Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. There are 30 rights that stated in Universal Declaration of Human Rights, one of them is Right to Adequate Living Standard, which stated in Article 25. Based on Article 25, Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Environmental rights are an extension of the basic human rights that mankind requires and deserves. In addition to having the right to food, clean water, suitable shelter, and education, having a safe and sustainable environment is paramount as all other rights are dependent upon it. The desire to ensure access for all of Earth’s inhabitants to this essential standard of living is the primary concern of Environmental rights. Human Rights, first known in Magna Charta Libertatum, which in 1215, United Kingdom and the other countries in the world still divided into several kingdom. In that time, nobleman under the king order realized injustice condition. They demanded the equality of human being, and it succeed in giving birth to Magna Charta Libertatum. Since Magna Charta Libertatum, people start to realize the condition of Human Rights. In 1276, Declaration of Independence is made in America Revolution. Then, Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 and Bill of Rights in 1689 were made as people become concern of their king injustice order. Else than that, France Revolution made declaration called Declaration des droits de I’homme et du citoyen. This declaration contains rights of liberty, rights of equality and fraternity. After World War II (WWII), Human Rights get an international recognition by United Nation (UN), and it’s spreading worldwide. Human Rights is legitimately regulated in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Ever since then, each country member that join United Nation prioritize Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Right was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nation on 10 December 1948. It is an International document that states basic rights and fundamental freedoms to which all human beings are entitled. The Universal Declaration is not a treaty, so it doesn’t directly create legal obligations for countries. However, it is an expression of the fundamental values which are shared by all members of the international community, and it has had a profound influence on the development of international human rights law. There are two periods of Human Rights in Indonesia, before and after independence. Before independence period is signed by the birth of some National Movement, such as Boedi Utomo. This organization puts attention on Human Rights, and inspired Human Rights enforcement in Indonesia, until the awareness to have a freedom risen, which it was one of the Human Rights.
The other period is the period after independence. After several amendment, Human Rights was regulated in article 28 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. There are 10 points of Human Rights that regulated in article 28 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, and Environmental Rights is regulated in article 28H. It is stated that every human deserve to live prosperous, have a place to stay, and deserve a good and healthy environment, and deserve health care. In accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Undang-Undang Dasar Neegara Republik Indonesia 1945, human deserve to live in good and healthy environment. But the reality in Indonesia is not everyone gets equal rights, especially when people lives near industrial factory. Human have a basic needs in their life, such as air, water, food, shelter, and sleep. Sometimes, people who lives near industrial area doesn’t get their needs like their supposed to. The industrial activity tend to create waste that doesn’t thrown out or processed as it should be, such as people’s water supply is changing color and taste, or bad quality of air. This effect
eventually effect on people’s activity as well as their body. They have to search for clean water supply, their food supply grow longer than it should be, or the polluted air slowly effect on their body. These effects eventually will create instability for human life. In Tuban, East Java, there’s mining industry near people’s living place and it’s run by PT Semen Indonesia. The factory’s smoke and ash polluted the air and it effect on air that being breathe by people who lives nearby the area. Based on the data in 2015, there’s 2.058 people having respiratory disorders. The condition of water there is effected as well. The taste of water is changing into salty. The executive director of Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI) East Java stated that the area capacity to support mining is no longer adequate, and it’s better change into protected area. Based on case above, we could see that PT Semen Indonesia violated Human Rights in Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, where people have right to Adequate Living. It also violated Environmental Rights. By their mining activity, the final product create bad effect for human sustainability living. The quality of air and water is changing, and it cost people’s health is decreasing. It not only effect on adult, but also children who lives there. In conclusion, to create a sustainable living for people who live in Industrial Area, the company who run nearby have to fulfill the quality standard that set up by the Government. They have an obligation to create less waste in order to keep a good quality of human needs. Not only for the company, Government had to do strict supervision on every industrial company.