Science Carnival Book 2 by Alston Education

SCIENCE

The Science Carnival series is developed for pupils who go to CBSE-affiliated schools to help them achieve the learning outcomes of the latest national curriculum.

2 BOOK 2

Adopting the inquiry-based learning approach, Science Carnival uses engaging visuals and presentation formats with well-crafted activities to arouse pupils’ curiosity about the world around them. Starting with exploratory questions, Science Carnival spurs them to investigate the problem or idea which involves asking questions, collecting and analysing information, generating solutions, making decisions, justifying conclusions and taking action. This motivates pupils to understand key scientific concepts and encourage a spirit of inquiry.

Sam Kee

Each chapter comprises several exercises that focus on scientific process skills (such as observing, comparing, classifying, inferring, measuring, communicating and predicting), reasoning skills and critical thinking skills to help pupils develop scientific knowledge and critical thinking abilities. They come in the form of Multiple-Choice Questions, Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Value-Based questions, provided at the end of each lesson. The formative and summative assessments allow for continual evaluation of pupils’ understanding of concepts. These outcome-based exercises aim to test their understanding and application of scientific concepts and related skills to solve real life problems. The Science Carnival Book 2 comprises the following components: ✔ Student Book 2 ✔ Teacher’s Guide Book 2 – Contains lesson plans and wrap-around teacher’s notes, with additional information and tips on conducting and delivering effective Science lessons. ✔ Additional formative and summative assessments are available online for teachers only. ` 290

Empowering Minds • Improving Lives

Sam Kee

Credits

Published by Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd 745 Toa Payoh Lorong 5, #03-07, Singapore 319455 enquiry@alstonpublishinghouse.com www.alstonpublishinghouse.com © 2017 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Distributed in India by Parle Book Centre Shop No. 6, Anant Co-Operative Society Ltd. D. J. Road, Vile Parle West Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056 India Tel: 022 2618 4082 Email: info@pbcdistributors.com First published 2017 ISBN 978-981-4573-42-9 Publisher: Sim Wee Chee

Chapter 1: pp.8-17: bestofgreenscreen/Shutterstock.com (Chinese Banyan tree - separated on white background); BlueRingMedia/Shutterstock.com (Illustration of a tall ashoka tree on a white background); Jakkrit Orrasri/Shutterstock.com (Mango tree (Mangifera indica), tropical tree in the northeast of Thailand isolated on white background); Johannes Kornelius/Shutterstock.com (Coconut tree isolated on white background); Jakkrit Orrasri/Shutterstock.com (Tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) tropical tree in the northeast of Thailand isolated on white background); Dennis Tokarzewski/Shutterstock.com (Florida pink Hibiscus blooms); Sanit Fuangnakhon/Shutterstock.com (Rosemary tree isolated on white background. This has clipping path); Linda Hughes/Shutterstock.com (Dried Bay Leaves); Evgeny Karandaev/Shutterstock.com (Bunch of fresh green curly parsley. Isolated on white background); gcpics/Shutterstock.com (Mint plant in a plant pot on white background); ilian i/Shutterstock.com (basil herbs); Africa Studio/Shutterstock.com (Arugula isolated on white); sianc/Shutterstock.com (dandelion weed growing in the cracks between patio stones); wjarek/Shutterstock.com (red rose); Vereshchagin Dmitry/Shutterstock.com (the image of banana tree); Getman/Shutterstock.com (Sunflower field); Anton-Burakov/Shutterstock.com (morning glory flowers on isolated on white background); saiko3p/Shuttestock.com (Very beautiful fountains in Brindavan Garden, Mysore); i Zhang/Dreamstime.com (Palm Tree); Paul Topp/Dreamstime.com (Yellow Hibiscus Flower); Supot Panyasit/Dreamstime.com (Young papaya); Leung Cho Pan/Shutterstock (Moss on rock); Anna Yu/ istockphoto.com (Sensitive plant Mimosa pudica); DeniceBreaux/istockphoto.com (Purple Morning Glories) Chapter 2: pp.19–26: Serg64/Shutterstock.com (fruits and vegetables isolated on a white background); Africa Studio/Shutterstock.com (Assortment of exotic fruits isolated on white); Magdalena Kucova/Shutterstock.com (Various pulses - chickpea, lentil and beans); aboikis/Shutterstock.com (Cereals collection); Khomulo Anna/ Shutterstock.com (clothing); Androlia/Shutterstock.com (Coconut rope close up); NoRegret/Shutterstock.com (Close up Sugarcane); igorsm8/Shutterstock.com (hank jute yarn with sackcloth); bonchan/Shutterstock.com (Holy basil flowers); Cococinema/Shutterstock.com (Placer fresh berries Ayurvedic Amla in India); anyaivanova/ Shutterstock.com (Aloe vera field; Furteventura, Canary Islands, Spain); SOMMAI/Shutterstock.com (turmeric powder in white dish on wooden background); Aleksandrs Samuilovs/Shutterstock.com (Young basil plants in flower pot isolated on white), Vladimir Mijailovic/Shutterstock.com (Texture of jute sack); Chapter 3: pp.28-36: Apexgs/Dreamstime.com (Hermit crab); Mgkuijpers/Dreamstime.com (Panther chameleon); Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Staffordshire Bull Terrier, 9 months old with red collar, standing, isolated on white); Talvi/Shutterstock.com (elephant approaching isolated); Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Mixed breed of Spanish and Arabian horse, 8 years old, portrait standing against white background); Antonio Gravante/Shutterstock.com (Beautiful cat on white background.); Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Side view of a Lion walking, Panthera Leo, 10 years old, isolated on white); Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Holstein cow, 5 years old, standing in front of white background); StudioSmart/Shutterstock.com (Close up view of the working bees on honey cells); brackish_nz/Shutterstock.com (Sheep); Sofiaworld/Shutterstock. com (Silk Cocoons with Silk Worm on Green Mulberry Leaf); ChiccoDodiFC/Shutterstock.com (big duck that swims in the pond water); Cheryl E. Davis/Shutterstock.com (Mother Robin feeding her babies worms, copy space “selective focus”); Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Holstein cow, 5 years old, standing in front of white background) Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Calf, 8 months old, in front of white background); Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Rove goat Kid, 1 month old, standing in front of white background); Eric Isselee/ Shutterstock.com (Toggenburg goat looking away against white background); Jiri Hera/Shutterstock. com (little kitten on white background); Antonio Gravante/Shutterstock.com (Beautiful cat on white background.); JONATHAN PLEDGER/Shutterstock.com (A close up of a female rhino / rhinoceros and her calf. Showing off her beautiful horn. Protecting her calf. South Africa); plavevski/Shutterstock.com (PANDA TRIPLETS HALF-BIRTHDAY The triplets, which reached 6-month-old on Feb. 1., were the fourth set of giant panda triplets born with the help of artificial insemination procedures in China); Anan Kaewkhammul/ Shutterstock.com (Bengal tiger) Chapter 4: pp.39-40: Denis Pepin/Dreamstime.com (Nuts); Dulsita/Dreamstime.com (Celery); Wuttichok/ Dreamstime.com (Steamed snapper fish with lemon); Szemeno/Dreamstime.com (Wholemeal bread); Ty Smith/Dreamstime.com (Glass of milk on white); Akinshin/Dreamstime.com (Glass with water); Granitepeaker/Dreamstime.come (Alpine Hiker – Montana); Warongdech/Shutterstock.com (Pouring cola into the glass on wooden table); Barbara Neveu/Shutterstock.com (Homemade frozen popsicles made with oragnic fresh oranges); Michael Krinke/ istockphoto.com group of carbohydrate products (boy drinking water); EvgeniaSh/istockphoto.com (group of carbohydrate products); mchudo/istockphoto.com (bio fresh fruits and vegetables); beckariuz/istockphoto.com (Fresh Raw Meat); SergeyZavalnyuk/istockphoto.com (Dairy products); SergeyZavalnyuk/istockphoto.com (Dairy products); egal/istockphoto.com (Papaya) Chapter 5: pp.50-53: PathDoc.Shutterstock.com (Child holds red heart, isolated grey wall background. Positive human emotions, feelings, attitude, life perception, face expressions. Compassion concept); sportpoint/Shutterstock.com (The handicap athlete preparing to start running); Ryan Rodrick Beiler/ Shutterstock.com (Artificial legs await fitting for a young boy at the Philanthropic Association for Disabled Care (PADC) in Southern Lebanon.); Chapter 6: pp.58–62: Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/Shutterstock.com (the first-aid box); Pavel L Photo and Video/ Shutterstock.com (mother and father holds hand of little daughter and son and crossing road, green fence and grass); Odua Images/Shutterstock.com (portrait of young woman putting on a seatbelt for safety); NOWAK LUKASZ/Shutterstock.com (CALCUTTA, INDIA - CIRCA NOVEMBER 2013: Indian bus circa November 2013 in Calcutta.); beeboys/Shutterstock.com (House model and a lot of objects, money); Evgeny Bakharev/Shutterstock.com (portrait of a sports dad and daughter in a helmet. Dad with his little daughter on the skates); Chapter 7: pp.67-72: Mikhail Nekrasov/Shutterstock.com (Traditional wooden stilt houses at the Inle lake, Shan state, Myanmar Burma); LoopAll/Shutterstock.com (yellow tourist tent for travel and camping isolated vector illustration); Matthew Cole/Shutterstock.com (hut or cabin on a white background); Natykach Nataliia/ Shutterstock.com (Building, vector); sinvuka/Shutterstock.com (Suburban family house with garage.); ikurdyumov/Shutterstock.com (little orange house and a flower. Made of blue and orange plasticine on a white background) Smit/Shutterstock.com (igloo in the high mountain); IrinaK/Shutterstock.com (Family Activity: Construction of an Eskimo hut - the igloo from the bricks of dense snow) Chapter 8: pp.74-82: Dudarev Mikhail/Shutterstock.com (Plant’s tubes with smoke and blue sky); Paolo Bona/Shutterstock.com (MILAN, ITALY - JANUARY 19: Close up of a car’s fumes emissions in the traffic jam in Milan January 19, 2011.); Praisaeng/Shutterstock.com (Weather vane against a blue sky); BORODIN DENIS/ Shutterstock.com (skydiving); ssuaphotos/Shutterstock.com (green meadow with Wind turbines generating electricity); Gregory Johnston/Shutterstock.com (A young boy blows up a red baloon.); Pavel Ignatov/ Shutterstock.com (soccer ball. In my portfolio there is collection of pictures of sport themes. You only enter IN a SEARCH the Photographer Name: PAVEL IGNATOV and keyword: SPORT); vasosh/Shutterstock.com (Soccer ball); Nikola Spasenoski/Shutterstock.com (bottle spraying perfume against gray background); Dzm1try/

Shutterstock.com (kite up in the clouds); dashadima/Shutterstock.com (Vector truck tire icons); Uber Stock/ Shutterstock.com (Basketball Vector on a white background.); Aleksangel/Shutterstock.com (automobile air-pump vector illustration isolated on white background); Don Mammoser/Shutterstock.com (JAISALMER, INDIA -FEBRUARY 17: Unidentified air force soldier skydives during Desert Festival on February 17, 2011 in Jaisalmer, India. Main purpose of this Festival is to display culture of Rajasthan) Chapter 9: pp.84-88 - Arseniy Krasnevsky/Shutterstock.com (Winding river in Skradinski Buk, Croatia); Kucher Serhii/Shutterstock.com (Mountain stream in a forest); Cassiohabib/Shutterstock.com (Emerald Bay, Lake Tahoe, California); bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock.com (Container ship on ocean); sl_photo/Shutterstock.com (Water drop in sunlight); Katrina Brown/Shutterstock.com (Cool Ice Cubes Melting on a White Reflective Surf) Chapter 10: pp.94-104 - NYS/Shutterstock.com (Kid’s summer clothes isolated on white. Girl fashion wear collage.); NYS/Shutterstock.com (Winter kid’s clothes. Isolated on white. Modern fashion clothing collage.); Elena Galach’yants/Dreamstime.com (Old thermometer); Robnroll/Shutterstock.com (Laundry drying on clothes line against a blue sky); Dmitry Goygel-sokol/Dreamstime.com (Green field under blue cloudy sky); Frantisek Chmura/Dreamstime.com (Spider web); Cardiae/Dreamstime.com (Red butterfly); Alle/Dreamstime.com (Flying Bee); Fireflyphoto/Dreamstime.com (Rain Gauge); Lorpic99/Dreamstime.com (Sculpture); Miyazawa/ Dreamstime.com (Solar and wind energy); quavondo/istockphoto.com (Asian Girl in Raincoat and Umbrella Outdoors on Rainy Day); windujedi/istockphoto.com (At a little boy is applied sunscreen); Chapter 11: pp.106–113: Kevin Eaves/Shutterstock.com (Rolling countryside around a farm); apdesign/ Shutterstock.com (Moroccan desert landscape with blue sky. Dunes background.); Vanyatko/Shutterstock. com (Borjomi Mountain Background,Georgia); karinkamon/Shutterstock.com (Top View of Mangrove Forest); iamnong/Shutterstock.com (The Alps from the Titlis Peak); Romolo Tavani/Shutterstock.com (starry sky with half-moon in scenic cloudscape); Castleski/Shutterstock.com (Astronaut on lunar (moon) landing mission. Elements of this image furnished by NASA.); Delpixel/Shuterstock.com (Moon phases collage, elements of this image are provided by NASA); Michael Rosskothen/Shutterstock.com (The Mars Computer generated 3D illustration); alexokokok/Shutterstock.com (Realistic planet Venus isolated on white background. Elements of this image furnished by NASA (http://solarsystem.nasa.gov)); MarcelClemens/Shutterstock.com (3D solar system series, stereo pair of Mercury isolated on black. Elements of this image furnished by NASA.); alexokokok/Shutterstock.com (Realistic planet Saturn isolated on white background. Elements of this image furnished by NASA); photoplotnikov/Shutterstock.com (Planet Jupiter); NPeter/Shutterstock.com (Planet earth with some clouds. Americas view. Elements of image (like cloud map, world map, etc) are furnished by NASA and the sphere with added bump is created in Photoshop CS6 Extended.); Vadim Sadovski/ Shutterstock.com (Hight quality Uranus image. Elements of this image furnished by NASA); Vadim Sadovski/ Shutterstock.com (Neptune - Infographic image presents one of the solar system planet, look and facts. This image elements furnished by NASA.); donatas1205/Shutterstock.com (Wooden table on isolated white background.); vovan/Shutterstock.com (backgrounds night sky with stars and moon and clouds. wood. Elements of this image furnished by NASA); Happy Together/Shutterstock.com (Rising sun with little birds.); Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock.com (Red car); SergeyDV/Shutterstock.com (The Mars rover image on Mars); Chapter 12: pp.115–123: Dawn Allynn/Dreamstime.com (Neon Open Sign); Paul Cowan/Dreamstime.com (Istanbul photo and Galata, sun, sunset, sea, gull, artistic buildings, alatea, gala ta, gala-ta, Galatia, gloat, Gallard, galas,); Sergio Bertino/Dreamstime.co (Lava flowing from Etna); Stephen Girimont/Dreamstime. com (Andromeda Galaxy); Heng Kong Chen/Dreamstime.com (Coconut tree); Nicholas Edens/Dreamstime. com (Moon Jellyfish); Pipa100/Dreamstime.com (Whole fresh Monkfish); R. Gino Santa Maria / Shutterfree, Llc/Dreamstime.com ( Fireworks); Cathy Keifer/Dreamstime.com (Glowing Firefly); istankov/istockphoto. com (The Church – Mosque); 8775953/istockphoto.com (glow worms on cave ceiling); Looker_Studio/ Shutterstock.com (solar powered street light) Chapter 13: pp.126-132: Anna Kucherova.Dreamstime.com (Pile of sand); Vladimir Zhuravlev/Dreamstime. com (Colored glass vases); Nzmphotoworks/Dreamstime.com (Recycling); Charlieaja/Dreamstime.com (Fresh juices); Chimpinski/Dreamstime.com (Styrofoam cup); Mikhail Iakovlev/Dreamstime.com (Colour glass vase of handwork); Ruslan Kudrin/Dreamstime.com (Plaid baby shirt); Photka/Dreamstime.com (Plastic bag); Desislava Vasileva/Dreamstime.com (Clay pot); Vladimir Voronin/Dreamstime.com (Colour paper with a paper clip); Kristo - Gothard Hunor/Dreamstime.com (Recycled plastic bottle caps); seeyou/Shutterstock. com (Mango Tree); Super Prin/Shutterstock.com (White-bellied Redstart, white belly redstart (Hodgsonius phaenicuroides) beautiful blue bird isolated on white background); Brilliance stock/Shutterstock.com (Fresh raw fish isolated on white background with clipping path); vnlit/Shutterstock.com (dragonfly macro isolated on white background); HomeArt/Shutterstock.com (Skateboard deck on white background. File contains a path to isolation.); Story/Shutterstock.com (Teddy bear); IG_Studio/Shutterstock.com (Tennis Ball); Coprid/ Shutterstock.com (Black leather office chair isolated on white); Thomas Amby/Shutterstock.com (Set of 20 high quality vector weather icons); LoopAll/Shutterstock.com (pile of stone isolated on white background. Vector illustration. EPS10. Gradient mesh used. Transparent objects used for shadows and lights drawing.); pumpuija/Shutterstock.com (the princess baby doll on isolated); koosen/Shutterstock.com (Red shopping bags); elcabron/istockphoto.com (Recycle Concept); ODV/istockphoto.com (icecream stick); Chapter 14: pp.135-145: Somchai Som/Shutterstock.com (Taj mahal , A famous historical monument, A monument of love, the Greatest White marble tomb in India, Agra, Uttar Pradesh); SonicN/Shutterstock.com (Diamond); Calvste/Shutterstock.com (Amethyst stone on sand close up); Nastya Pirieva/Shutterstock.com (Noble talc – mineral); Tyler Boyes/Shutterstock.com (Sample of the mineral Graphite); www.sandatlas.org/Shutterstock.com (Kaoline clay (kaolinite); saiko3p/Shutterstock.com (The Lotus Temple, located in New Delhi, India, is a Bahai House of Worship); heleyro/Shutterstock.com (Sea coast with piers and rocky shore in the Crimea. Monochrome freehand ink drawn backdrop sketchy in art doodle style pen.); Wilsilver77/Dreamstime.com (Big Boulders); Olesiaru/Dreamstime.com (Pile of white stones at shiny day); Ben Green/Dreamstime.com (Beach Pebbles); Gozzoli/Dreamstime.com (Rock crystal quartz); Stocksnapper/Dreamstime.com (Sand); Sinelyov/Dreamstime. com (Clay); Udra11/Dreamstime.com (Soil texture); Ken Cole/Dreamstime.com (Log cabin gable and roof); Aralia/ Dreamstime.com (Floor tiles porcelain tiles); Dmitriyrnd/Dreamstime.com (Empty highway); Dmitry Kalinovsky/ Dreamstime.com (Mason hands at bricklaying works); Chimpinski/Dreamstime.com (Styrofoam cup); Photka/ Dreamstime.com (Pile of sand); Alexstar/Dreamstime.com (Spoon); Brooke Becker/Dreamstime.com (Epsom Salt); Design56/Dreamstime.com (Plastic kitchen measuring cup filled with water); Yanik Chauvin/Dreamstime. com (Hot Stones); Pindiyath100/Dreamstime.com (Garden marble statues); Jrockar/Dreamstime.com (Superb kitchen); Kichatof/Dreamstime.com (Stake on lava-stone) FA/SA: pp.147-149: Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com (Giant Panda (18 months) - Ailuropoda melanoleuca in front of a white background); gualtiero boffi/Shutterstock.com (huge rhino isolated on white); photosync/ Shutterstock.com (Whale on White Background); Pixel Embargo/Shutterstock.com (Vector illustration of cool detailed red house icon isolated on white background.)

Printed by Replika Press

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SCIENCE 2

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Hello there! Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m Chuckles the Clown. Welcome to Science Carnival! We are going to have a great time learning science together. Science Carnival is a place where learning about science-related facts is as fun as going on a roller coaster ride. So buckle up and get set to enjoy yourselves while you learn all about science.

I am Bubbles. I am Jimbo.

I am Rinkle.

I am Twinkle.

My Name My School My Address

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Preface The Science Carnival series is developed for pupils who go to CBSE-affiliated schools to help them achieve the learning outcomes of the latest national curriculum. Adopting the inquiry-based learning approach, Science Carnival uses engaging visuals and presentation formats with well-crafted activities to arouse pupils’ curiosity about the world around them. Starting with exploratory questions, Science Carnival spurs them to investigate a problem or idea that involves asking questions, collecting and analysing information, generating solutions, making decisions, justifying conclusions and taking action. This motivates pupils to understand key scientific concepts and encourage a spirit of inquiry. Each chapter comprises several exercises that focus on scientific process skills (such as observing, comparing, classifying, inferring, measuring, communicating and predicting), reasoning skills and critical thinking skills to help pupils develop scientific knowledge and critical thinking abilities. They come in the form of Multiple-Choice Questions, Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Value-Based questions, provided at the end of each lesson. The formative and summative assessments allow for continual evaluation of pupils’ understanding of concepts. These outcomebased exercises aim to test their understanding and application of scientific concepts and related skills to solve real life problems.

Hello, friends! Welcome to the Science Carnival! Here, learning science is a joyful experience with hands-on activities and interesting exercises. Most activities have been designed with the carnival theme. The different zones are indicated by the respective signboards:  Learning Zone  Experiment Zone  Skill Zone  Practice Zone  Recap Zone  Testing Zone  Activity Zone  Vocabulary Zone  Fun Zone So, what are we waiting for? Let us enter the Science Carnival and see what is happening there!

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Your fun learning zones

Here, you can learn science concepts.

Here, you can perform interesting experiments to predict, observe and explain phenomenons in Science.

Here, you can develop important scientific skills, 21st century skills and life skills. You can also solve HOTS questions.

Here, you can practise questions on the concepts you have learnt.

Here, you can use the mind map to recapitulate the key concepts of the lesson.

Here, you can test yourself on the learnings acquired from the entire lesson.

Here, you can perform exciting activities related to the concepts you have studied.

Here, you can learn the keywords and their meanings.

Here, you can apply what you have learnt to perform project work. You can also read interesting developments in science.

How to use this book Inquisitive questions are used as headers to give pupils a clear idea of what they are going to learn.

Chapter Opener The language is kept simple to help pupils understand concepts easily.

Each chapter begins with a picture quiz to spark pupilsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; curiosity about the concepts in the chapter.

What will You Learn? The learning outcomes covered are listed at the beginning of the chapter. This gives pupils a simple overview of what they will learn. iv

Follow-up questions appear after the teaching of every new concept to provide immediate reinforcement of the lesson learnt

Science Carnival Book 2

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lists all the process skills that pupils require when performing an activity or experiment. encourages the spirit of inquiry and independent learning by extending pupils’ knowledge through enrichment materials.

The text is clearly illustrated to aid understanding. Many real-life examples are provided to help pupils see how the concepts are applied in the real world.

excite pupils with fun and interesting details about the world around them. provides opportunities to apply newly acquired science process skills through well-crafted short experiments and activities.

enhances pupils’ understanding of each chapter by organising all the key concepts learnt in a visual and easy-to-comprehend manner.

comprises Process skills questions that promote the learning of science-related skills, higher order thinking skills and 21st century skills,

provides the pupils with questions that encourages them to be good to others and the things in their environment.

helps the pupils revise new words and their meanings.

Fun Zone f, ft paper, a lea er, golden cra ite chart pap Needed: wh rs Materials sso sci e, r pencil, glu green colou rt Procedure: p of white cha tangular stri rec a t Cu to go ✔ long enough ft paper that is k golden cra Stic d. hea r around you cut it out. rt paper and p. paper on it. cha tangular stri ce of white leaf on a pie tre of the rec it to the cen ✔ Trace a e glu Your leaf e. and en ether with glu Colour it gre tog p stri of the open ends ✔ Stick the dy! crown is rea Project Work

Project Work

provides fun and interesting projects for the pupils to carry out in and out of the classroom.

Science Bulleti

Science Bulletin

nts re and Pla

Horticultu

a collection of various questions provided to test the pupils’ understanding of the lesson.

of is the branch Horticulture h the art, that deals wit agriculture iness bus and y hnolog science, tec wing. The garden gro of vegetable Board (NHB) re ultu rtic National Ho nment of by the Gover was set up historic Many of our st India in 1984. e of the mo som in nta co gardens in the s tion llec nt co ble for nsi valuable pla po res ulturists are world. Hortic . these plants conserving

focusses on real-life science stories and applications. This inspires pupils and helps them relate what they have just learnt to the world around them.

dens Brindavan Gar

Chapter 1:

A Green World

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Table of Contents Unit 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Plant Life A Green World............................................07 Uses of Plants.............................................18

Unit 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4

Animal Life Animals.......................................................27 Food............................................................37

Unit 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7

Our Body The Body Machine.....................................46 Health and Safety......................................54 Housing and Clothing...............................63

Unit 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10

Earth and Atmosphere Air................................................................73 Water..........................................................83 The Seasons...............................................93

Unit 5 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

Earth, Sky and Space The Earth, Sun, Moon and Stars..............105 Light and Shadow...................................114

Unit 6 Chapter 13 Chapter 14

Materials What Things Are Made Of.......................124 Rocks and Minerals.................................133

Formative Assessments....................................................146 Summative Assessments..................................................150

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CHAPTER

A Green World

What do you see in a garden?

ll, while some ta re a e m o S . n e rd a ag Many plants grow in wers on them. flo l u rf u lo o c ve a h e are very small. Som

What are the different types of plants around you?

What will You Learn? By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: â&#x153;&#x201D; identify the different types of plants â&#x153;&#x201D; classify the different parts of a plant and analyse their uses Chapter 1: A Green World

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Learning Zone

Trees

What Are the Different Types of Plants?

Big and tall plants are called trees. They usually have hard and strong woody stems. Many small animals and insects live on trees.

Banyan tree

Tamarind tree

Mango tree

Can you identify the types of trees shown here? Coconut tree

Ashoka tree

Shrubs Shrubs like ixora, hibiscus and rose are smaller than trees. They have separate stems and their branches grow close to the ground. They do not need support as they grow because their woody stems do not bend easily to keep them upright.

Ixora 8

Hibiscus

Rose

Science Carnival Book 2

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Herbs

Herbs are small plants that grow in a garden or in the wild. They have soft and weak stems. Herbs are used in food, medicines and to make perfumes. Which of these herbs have you seen before?

Rosemary

Bay leaf

Arugula

Thyme

Mint

Dill

Basil

Parsley

Creepers Creepers are plants that have weak stems. They grow along the ground.

Climbers

Pumpkin

Watermelon

Climbers are plants that have weak stems and they need support to grow upright.

Grapevine

Pea

Money plant Chapter 1: A Green World

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Practice Zone Match the different plants to the correct category.

Mint

Creeper

Pea

Shrub

Rose

Herb

Mango tree

Climber

Watermelon

Tree

Activity Zone

My Herb Jar!

ng Process skills: Observing and Communicati

1. Collect fallen leaves of different herbs. Using glue, stick them inside a jar to create a herb jar that you can observe. 2. List two uses of herbs in your book.

Fascinating Facts Weeds are also herbs. A weed is a plant that grows where it is not wanted.

Science Carnival Book 2

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Experiment Zone 1.

sing and Inferring Process skills: Observing, Analy

Go on a plant hunt around your school. Which of these plants can you find? Tick (â&#x153;&#x201D;) in the circles next to the plant names.

Rose

Palm tree

Banana tree

Hibiscus

Sunflower

Mimosa

Morning glory

Moss

Papaya tree

Observe trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and creepers. What do you notice? Can you find any differences? Collect pictures of these different plants and stick them in your book.

Fascinating Facts The morning glory has weak stems. It twines around fences for support.

Chapter 1: A Green World

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Learning Zone

What Are the Different Parts of Plants? Can you identify the different parts of a plant?

The colourful part at the top of the stem is called the flower.

The part that develops from the flower is called a fruit.

The green part that grows out of the stem is known as a leaf. It helps the plant to make food with the help of air, water and sunlight.

The stick-like part that supports the plant is the stem. It carries water and nutrients to the different parts of the plant. Some plants have strong stems, while some have weak stems.

Seeds are the parts that grow into another plant when they are placed in the soil.

The different parts of a plant

The parts that grow out below the stem are called roots. They are mostly hidden underground. Roots take up water and nutrients from the soil.

Science Carnival Book 2

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Practice Zone 1. Label the different parts of the plant.

Find out more information about the function of various parts of a plant.

2. Write ‘T’ for true statements and ‘F’ for false statements. a. Money plant is a climber. b. Tulsi is a herb. c. Ixora has soft stems. d. Plants are non-living things. e. Pumpkin is a creeper. Chapter 1: A Green World

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RECAP Zone Do you remember the different types of plants and the parts of a plant? Use the mind map to help you. Seeds

Trees Shrubs

Types of Plants

Climbers and Creepers

Plants

Parts of a Plant

Stems

Flowers and Fruits Herbs

Roots

Leaves

Vocabulary Zone Do you remember these new words? Herb: a low-growing aromatic plant used in cooking Perfume: a fragrant liquid that is rubbed or sprayed on the skin Skill Zone

Communicating Process skills: Inferring and

Apply What You Know 1. Visit a library with your parents or do an internet search to answer the following questions. a. What results after vast patches of forests are cleared? b. Does a plant need all the various plant parts to live?

Science Carnival Book 2

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Higher Order Thinking Skills

You can pluck mint leaves easily from its plant but cannot remove a mango from a mango tree easily. Why? How are they different?

Values in Action 2. Jimbo saw his neighbour cutting down a tree. Why should we avoid cutting down trees? How will it affect us?

Plants are very useful. Save trees and also plant more saplings to ensure that plants continue to exist on the Earth.

3. Why do we need to grow more trees? Chapter 1: A Green World

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Testing Zone 1. Tick (✔) the correct answer. a. ............................ are tall plants. Shrubs

Trees

Climbers

Creepers

b. Tulsi is a ............................ . herb

fruit

climber

tree

c. Leaves act as ............................ factories for the plants. clothes

food

animal

metal

d. The ............................ supports the plant. flower

stem

leaf

fruit

e. Rose is a ............................ . herb

fruit

flower

tree

2. Fill in the blanks. a. ............................. grow along the ground. b. Trees usually grow on a single ............................. . c. ............................. and ............................. are herbs. d. ............................. are used for food and medicines. 3. Write ‘T’ for true statements and ‘F’ for false statements. a. Tall plants are called shrubs. b. Climbers need support to grow upright. c. Parsley is a herb. d. Hibiscus has a woody stem. e. Herbs are never used as medicines. 16

Science Carnival Book 2

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Fun Zone Project Work

Materials Needed: white chart paper, golden craft paper, a leaf, green colour pencil, glue, scissors Procedure: ✔ Cut a rectangular strip of white chart paper that is long enough to go around your head. Stick golden craft paper on it. ✔ Trace a leaf on a piece of white chart paper and cut it out. Colour it green and glue it to the centre of the rectangular strip. ✔ Stick the open ends of the strip together with glue. Your leaf crown is ready!

Science Bulletin

Horticulture and Plants Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology and business of vegetable garden growing. The National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by the Government of India in 1984. Many of our historic gardens contain some of the most valuable plant collections in the world. Horticulturists are responsible for conserving these plants.

Brindavan Gardens

Chapter 1: A Green World

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Credits

Published by Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd 745 Toa Payoh Lorong 5, #03-07, Singapore 319455 enquiry@alstonpublishinghouse.com www.alstonpublishinghouse.com © 2017 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2017 ISBN 978-981-4573-42-9 Publisher: Sim Wee Chee Printed by Replika Press

SCIENCE

The Science Carnival series is developed for pupils who go to CBSE-affiliated schools to help them achieve the learning outcomes of the latest national curriculum.

2 BOOK 2

Sam Kee

Empowering Minds • Improving Lives

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Sam Kee

2/8/16 5:19 pm