Endnotes: 1. William F. Handy, Marilyn Harrington & David J. Pittman, The K-9 Corps: The Use of Dogs in Police Work, 52 J. Crim. L & Criminology & Police Sci. 328 (1961). 2. Id. 3. Id. 4. Kevin Maimann, Time to Cancel Police Dogs, Experts Say, Vice News, July 6, 2021, available at https://www.vice.com/en/article/ z3xqzy/time-to-cancel-police-dogs-expertssay. 5. Patrico G. Balona, Proposed law to care for retired police dogs 'huge,' Volusia K-9 handlers say, The Daytona Beach News-Journal, Sept. 29, 2021, available at https://www.news-journalonline.com/ story/news/2021/09/29/retired-police-dogswould-get-care-under-proposed-floridalaw/5814363001/. 6. Lori E. Gordon Ben Ho, Injuries and illnesses among human remains detection– certified search-and-recovery dogs deployed to northern California in response to the Camp Fire wildfire of November 2018, 256 J. Am. Veterinary Med. Ass'n 322 (2022). 7. Randall T. Loder & Cory Meixner, The demographics of dog bites due to K-9 (legal intervention) in the United States, 65 J. Forensic Leg. Med. 9 (2019). 8. Christopher Ingraham, The surprising reason more police dogs are dying in the line of duty, The Washington Post, Nov. 20, 2015, available at https:// www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/ wp/2015/11/20/the-surprising-reasonmore-police-dogs-are-dying-in-the-line-ofduty/. 9. Ryan M. Llera & Petra A. Volmer, Toxicologic hazards for police dogs involved in drug detection, 228 J. Am. Veterinary Med. Ass'n 1028-1032 (2006). 10. Genevieve Dumonceaux & Val Beasley, Emergency treatments for police dogs used for illicit drug detection, 197 J. Am. Veterinary Med. Ass'n 185 (1990). 11. Tadeusz Jezierski et al., Efficacy of drug detection by fully-trained police dogs varies by breed, training level, type of drug and search environment, 237 Forensic Sci. Int'l 112 (2014) . 12. Id. 13. Azhar F. Abdel Fattah, Enas N. Said & Mayada R. Farag, Narcotic detection efficacy and behavior of police dogs are 30
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affected by rearing system, weaning time, and maternal bond, 33 Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche E Naturali 185 (2022) (available at: https://link. springer.com/article/10.1007/s12210021-01041-w?utm_source=xmol&utm_ medium=affiliate&utm_ content=meta&utm_campaign=DDCN_1_ GL01_metadata). 14. Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348, 354, 135 S. Ct. 1609, 191 L. Ed. 2d 492 (2015). 15. United States v. Traylor, 14 F.4th 804 (8th Cir. 2021). 16. United States v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266, 273, 122 S. Ct. 744, 151 L. Ed. 2d 740 (2002). 17. Mickens v. State, 2020 Ark. App. 280, at 4. 18. Id. at 8-9. 19. Wheeler v. City of Searcy, Arkansas, 14 F.4th 843 (8th Cir. 2021). 20. Id. at 846-847. 21. Id. at 854. 22. Chris Roberts, Marijuana Legalization is Retiring Police Dogs. Why That’s Good–And Why All Drug K9 Units Should Go, Forbes, May 30, 2021, available at https://www. forbes.com/sites/chrisroberts/2021/05/30/ marijuana-legalization-is-retiring-policedogs-why-thats-good-and-why-all-drug-k9units-should-go/?sh=495a49263695. 23. Denise Lavoie, Since the nose doesn’t know pot is now legal, K-9s retire, AP News, May 29, 2021, available at https://apnews. com/article/va-state-wire-police-marijuanamarijuana-legalization-253af1ba6e5410600 85108e027b367c1. 24. Daryl James, The Police Dog Who Cried Drugs at Every Traffic Stop, Reason Foundation, May 13, 2021, available at: https://reason.com/2021/05/13/the-policedog-who-cried-drugs-at-every-traffic-stop/. 25. Id. ■