6 minute read
REACHING THE CECUM
Tianyu Dong, PhD, Ting Chen, PhD, Richard Allen White III, PhD, Xu Wang, PhD, Weiyue Hu, PhD, Yali Liang, MS, Yuqing Zhang, PhD, Chuncheng Lu, PhD, Minjian Chen, PhD, Heidi Aase, PhD, Yankai Xia, PhD
WHAT IS CURRENT KNOWLEDGE?
Neonatal jaundice is a commonly found disease in newborns. Gut bacteria mediates the bilirubin metabolism.
WHAT IS NEW HERE?
Gut microbiome is associated with the development of neonatal jaundice especially in C-section babies. Higher relative abundance of
B. pseudolongum is associated with lower risk of jaundice.
READ the full article: bit.ly/CTGSep18
FIG. 1: Variability and diversity of the meconium microbiome.
FIG. 3: Bar plot of the LDA Score (log10) between control and case groups in cesarean infants.
A Second Attack of Anisakis: Intestinal Anisakiasis Following Gastric Anisakiasis
Naoto Mizumura, MD, Satoshi Okumura, MD, Hiroshi Tsuchihashi, MD, PhD, Masao Ogawa, MD, PhD, and Masayasu Kawasaki, MD, PhD
A 50-YEAR-OLD MAN PRESENTED with epigastric pain after eating raw mackerel. Abdominal computed tomography revealed submucosal edema of the gastric antrum and pelvic ileum. Gastroscopy revealed an Anisakis simplex in the gastric antrum. His epigastric pain resolved after endoscopic removal of the Anisakis; however, he developed right lower quadrant pain the following day. Abdominal computed tomography showed submucosal edema of the terminal ileum involving different ileal loops, which was not present on admission. The patient developed delayed intestinal anisakiasis. A serving of raw fish may contain more than one Anisakis. After gastric anisakiasis, a second Anisakis may cause intestinal anisakiasis.
READ the full case: bit.ly/CRJSep18
A LOOK BACK RECTAL DILATORS
This archival reflection originally appeared in The American Journal of Gastroenterology in September 2001.
Rectal diseases have plagued mankind for millennia. The earliest mention of them is found in the Code of Hammurabi, about 2200 BC. Instructions for the patient state “pay the doctor five shekels for curing a diseased bowel.” The famous Egyptian “Ebers Papyrus,” about 1500 BC, mentions hemorrhoids. Hippocrates, 400 BC, used a rectal speculum. For the next 1500 years, rectal diseases, hemorrhoids, fistulae, prolapse, etc. were treated with cautery, ligatures and caustics.
Aside from rectal strictures related to disease, these therapies resulted in additional structures. Many were treated with a variety of rectal dilators, which was preferable to surgical intervention. Various forms of instrumentation were used. It is surprising to note that the opening of a stricture, although extremely small, could maintain adequate bowel function.
Graded dilators of various sizes have been used for the past 100 years with great success. This set of Dr. Young’s Improved Rectal Dilators was sold by prescription in drugstores for $3.75 in the 1920s. They are no different from current dilators and would be equally effective today.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
SUPREP® Bowel Prep Kit (sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate) Oral Solution is an osmotic laxative indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults. Most common adverse reactions (>2%) are overall discomfort, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and headache. Use is contraindicated in the following conditions: gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction, bowel perforation, toxic colitis and toxic megacolon, gastric retention, ileus, known allergies to components of the kit. Use caution when prescribing for patients with a history of seizures, arrhythmias, impaired gag reflex, regurgitation or aspiration, severe active ulcerative colitis, impaired renal function or patients taking medications that may affect renal function or electrolytes. Use can cause temporary elevations in uric acid. Uric acid fluctuations in patients with gout may precipitate an acute flare. Administration of osmotic laxative products may produce mucosal aphthous ulcerations, and there have been reports of more serious cases of ischemic colitis requiring hospitalization. Patients with impaired water handling who experience severe vomiting should be closely monitored including measurement of electrolytes. Advise all patients to hydrate adequately before, during, and after use. Each bottle must be diluted with water to a final volume of 16 ounces and ingestion of additional water as recommended is important to patient tolerance.
BRIEF SUMMARY: Before prescribing, please see Full Prescribing Information and Medication Guide for SUPREP® Bowel Prep Kit (sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate) Oral Solution. INDICATIONS AND USAGE: An osmotic laxative indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use is contraindicated in the following conditions: gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction, bowel perforation, toxic colitis and toxic megacolon, gastric retention, ileus, known allergies to components of the kit. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: SUPREP Bowel Prep Kit is an osmotic laxative indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults. Use is contraindicated in the following conditions: gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction, bowel perforation, toxic colitis and toxic megacolon, gastric retention, ileus, known allergies to components of the kit. Use caution when prescribing for patients with a history of seizures, arrhythmias, impaired gag reflex, regurgitation or aspiration, severe active ulcerative colitis, impaired renal function or patients taking medications that may affect renal function or electrolytes. Pre-dose and post-colonoscopy ECGs should be considered in patients at increased risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias. Use can cause temporary elevations in uric acid. Uric acid fluctuations in patients with gout may precipitate an acute flare. Administration of osmotic laxative products may produce mucosal aphthous ulcerations, and there have been reports of more serious cases of ischemic colitis requiring hospitalization. Patients with impaired water handling who experience severe vomiting should be closely monitored including measurement of electrolytes. Advise all patients to hydrate adequately before, during, and after use. Each bottle must be diluted with water to a final volume of 16 ounces and ingestion of additional water as recommended is important to patient tolerance. Pregnancy: Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted. It is not known whether this product can cause fetal harm or can affect reproductive capacity. Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients has not been established. Geriatric Use: Of the 375 patients who took SUPREP Bowel Prep Kit in clinical trials, 94 (25%) were 65 years of age or older, while 25 (7%) were 75 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness of SUPREP Bowel Prep Kit administered as a split-dose (2-day) regimen were observed between geriatric patients and younger patients. DRUG INTERACTIONS: Oral medication administered within one hour of the start of administration of SUPREP may not be absorbed completely. ADVERSE REACTIONS: Most common adverse reactions (>2%) are overall discomfort, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and headache. Oral Administration: Split-Dose (Two-Day) Regimen: Early in the evening prior to the colonoscopy: Pour the contents of one bottle of SUPREP Bowel Prep Kit into the mixing container provided. Fill the container with water to the 16 ounce fill line, and drink the entire amount. Drink two additional containers filled to the 16 ounce line with water over the next hour. Consume only a light breakfast or have only clear liquids on the day before colonoscopy. Day of Colonoscopy (10 to 12 hours after the evening dose): Pour the contents of the second SUPREP Bowel Prep Kit into the mixing container provided. Fill the container with water to the 16 ounce fill line, and drink the entire amount. Drink two additional containers filled to the 16 ounce line with water over the next hour. Complete all SUPREP Bowel Prep Kit and required water at least two hours prior to colonoscopy. Consume only clear liquids until after the colonoscopy. STORAGE: Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). Excursions permitted between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Rx only. Distributed by Braintree Laboratories, Inc. Braintree, MA 02185
