connecting the d ts Research Booklet Generous Skyscraper Research Studio Semester 1 2017
amit angane
z5124045 high performance technology
CITY SCALE ANALYSIS 2 2
Every weekday in metropolitan Sydney people make around
seven million journeys that are shorter than two kilometres. More than three million of these short trips are walk only trips and a further three million are travelled by car. Many short car trips could be replaced with walking trips.
- nsw government
Key Issues and Drivers Influencing the Future Planning of Pedestrian prioritized streets and inter - connected public green spaces
3 3
“a city laid out for business ; not for pleasure walks” LESS PEDESTRIANS AS COMPARED TO OTHER CITIES
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC LIMITED TO RETAIL ZONES
The general walking pattern shows that the highest concentrations of pedestrians are to be found in the retail core of Pitt’s street Mall, George Street (between Market and King street), Martin Place, southern part of George street and Broadway near Central Station. The Northern end of George Street along with Circular Quay and the pedestrian plaza which connects to the Sydney Opera House are the most pedestrian populated areas in the CBD.1
Most of the pedestrian traffic is limited to Pitt Street retail Mall and George Street and fails to connect through the spine of George Street to the Rocks and Circular Quay.2
LOW LEVEL OF EVENING TRAFFIC As compared to daytime traffic, Sydney fares poorly during the evening. A majority of the shops close down between 8 - 9pm and a bulk of the population exits the City Centre.3
1. Concentration of pedestrian movements in the CBD
4 4
Summer Weekday Morning 8am - 6pm
Summer Weekday Evening 6pm - 12am
Summer Weekend Morning 8am - 6pm
Summer Weekend Evening 6pm - 12am
Sydney has failed to develop on the lines of a pedestrian friendly city such as Copenhagen
TOWARDS CIRCULAR QUAY
PITT ST
pitt street retail mall
KING ST
PITT ST
2. Flux in pedestrian traffic at Pitt street mall - from Central towards Circular quay
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CASTLEREAGH
ST
GEORGE ST
KING ST
5
PITT ST
MARKET ST
LACK OF TRANFER OF PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC THROUGH PUBLIC PRECINCTS PITT ST
MARKET ST
Pedestrian traffic in the CBD is concentrated at retail zones such as Pitt Street retail mall. However, this traffic fails to make its way through to Circular Quay and the harbour along this North - South dominanat axis. Concentration of pedestration movement diminishing towards circular quay due to the lack of active street frontages can be seen in the diagram (right).
FROM CENTRAL STATION
pedestrian priority - underground vs street level 3. Underground pedestrian corridors in the CBD.
INTRICATE NETWORK OF UNDERGROUND WALKWAYS
N HALL NO TOW RT
VEHICLES DOMINANT OVER PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
H
TH OR
WYNY AR D
N OR TH
GEORGE STRE ET N
An intricate network of underground walkways suggests that inorder to have a signal free walk, you have to use the underground level as opposed to the street level. Disconnecting with the ground plane compromises on the quality of the walk. The city has been baised towards vehicular traffic and this needs to change.
78,000
TH
6
GEORG ES TR E
U SO
6
4. Comparison of pedestrian movement at street level and in the underground
ET
The city can be traversed underground, or at least without confronting vehicles, all the way from south of Bathurst Street to Chifley Square and mid-Macquarie Street. If the authorities cared to excavate a link from Chifley Square to Pitt Street, just two blocks away, the network would reach northern York Street. An extension further west to Clarence and Kent Streets and Barangaroo South
45,000
Underground Pedestrian Traffic Street Level Pedestrian Traffic
Signal free pedestrian walks are only possible underground
Proposed pedestrian link Underground Pedestrian corridors
slow movement along the east - west corridor 6. Key East West Corridors
GETTING ACROSS The functional grid of the city has been aligned along the NorthSouth axis. In Sydney, the focus has been on vehicular traffic and ways of facilitating car movements so that the pedestrians have gradually become a category of secondary city users who face many hardships and experience both great difficulties and real danger whern choosing to walk in the city.5
5. Percentage of walking time spent waiting at signals
GREATER WAIT TIMES FOR PEDESTRIANS Push buttons have been installed all over Australia, In order to cross a street, after pressing this digital device, it will give you about 7 to 10 seconds beforethe lights starts to blink red to tell you to finish walking across the road. Red periods are often long lasting between 60 and 90 seconds. On a busy city street, this leads to accumulation of about 30-40 people at the crossings which interferes with the footpath pedestrian circulation.6
BARANGAROO
APDG
ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS
MARTIN PLACE
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30%
TEST WALKS Inorder to evaluate the walking quality offered, 6 test walks were carried out. In each case ordinary walking speed was maintained and the walking time as well as the waiting time at traffic intersections was recorded. the conclusion of the tests is that waiting time at crossings is a substantial problem in Sydney. The test walks show a general delay of 30-50% in th east-west streets and about 20% in the north-south streets. A similar survey carried out in Adelaide 2002 showed an average delay of about 16%.7
THE ROCKS
38% 52%
DARLING HARBOUR TUMBALONG PARK
HYDE PARK HYDE PARK SOUTH
33%
19%
17% Walking Tests
On average you spent 40% of your walking time waiting at signals
Key connections
disconnected public and green spaces 9. Disconnected green spaces
MISSING LINKS IN THE PEDESTRIAN NETWORK Although, Sydney has a fair amount of green space in the City Centre (74,000 m2) there tends to be weak connections in between them. The existing open spaces are scattered across the city and although they cover most of the City Centre they do not constitute a connected network for users to enjoy. The most important spaces are Martin Place, Pitt Street Mall, Sydney Square and Circular Quay. These make up the spine of Sydney’s open spaces. Still all of them have their limitations; Martin Place consists of 5 individual parts interrupted by vehicular traffic, Pitt Street Mall is only a 200 metre stretch, Sydney Square is a limited sized space and is partly sunken, while Circular Quay has an outstanding setting, it suffers from weak connections to the city due to the Cahill Expressway.8 8
DAWES POINT PARK BARANGAROO NORTH OBSERVATORY HILL PARK
8. Public Spaces ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS
WYNYARD PARK
LACK OF PUBLIC SPACE HIERARCHY
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Sydney’s city Centre has a number of quite similar open spaces, not only in size but also in function and layout.9
COMPARISON : COPENHAGEN
HYDE PARK
Copenhagen has turned a car oriented city into a people friendly by a step by step process over 40 years. The development has involved stopping the through traffic, reducing the number of car parking spaces in the centre and increasing the space set aside for pedestrian activities.10
TUMBALONG PARK
BELMORE PARK 1962 : Public promenede
1973 : Connected most important locations in the city
2005 : Network of car free streets and squares 99,770m2
Public Streets Public Green Spaces
There is a need to string these public networks together to form a better interconnected city centre
liveable cities By 2050, 70% of the world’s population will be living in urban areas and many cities across the world are struggling to cope with pressure from a rapidly increasing population. Housing supply, unemployment levels, pollution and outdated infrastructures are just some of the biggest challenges that are impacting the quality of our living, all of which have an impact on what makes great liveable cities. Green space is another, and the race to create the greenest city is on! Vancouver, Canada is aiming to be the grenest city in the world by 2020. The city has already close to 300 city-run parks, beaches, and gardens. It’s aim is to ensure that every inhabitant lives within 5 minutes walk to nature.
It takes a holistic approach to create a liveable city, but bringing people closer to nature is one of the most important steps in this process. Our cities are becoming denser and what we need today is a variation of green space solutions. A ground-up approach to the design of our neighbourhoods should always be our primary goal, but what is evident is that there are other creative ways of creating healthy places. This presents great opportunities for place makers to create innovative green spaces that are accessible, inclusive and inspiring. Ultimately, it is these spaces that contribute to a city’s greatness
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B
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1.9m2 3m2
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9m2
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OR
LD
H
H LT EA
OR
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I AN
TI SA
SY
ON
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14.4m2
36 20 SY
E DN
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18.3m2
17 20 LO
ND
27m2
ON
SI
A NG
66m2
R PO
E VI
N EN
A
120m2
dire need for vertical greenery IMPROVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH RISES AND THE GROUND PLANE Sydney’s CBD is on its way for a vertical sprawl with the current height restrictions being uplifted to 310m. In this race of building tall, we often compromise on the green cover necessary to sustain a community and healthy life. It is important for each individual to be in the vicinity of quality green spaces. Vertical greenery is the need of the hour
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GREENERY RESTRICTED TO PUBLIC PARKS Sydney’s CBD boats of a decent area of green space (74,000 sq.m). But buildings getting higher, the connection with the ground plane is getting distant with each passing day.
ALTERNATE GROUND PLANES Pseudo ground levels spread across a high rise building can develop a sense of community living at such heights.
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Current open and green spaces in the City The City has 72 ha of open space
72% City Parks less than 3000m2
All residents must be within 400m walking to a local park
Now 2016 200,000 residents Future 2036 280,964 residents
Workforce to increase by 84,000 people by 2030
Now 2016 8060 people/km2 Future 2036 10764 people/km2
19.2% people walk for recreation and exercise
Environmental Reduce water consumption by 10%
Infrastructure George St light rail will be a catalyst for open spaces
Open Space Hierarchy Classifications
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2016 Open Space City 9.31m2/person Total 18.3m2/person 2036 Open Space City 7.4m2/person Total 14.4m2/person
Default standards include 9% of site area for local and district level open space and 15% of site area for regional open space provision.
Open Spces not controlled by City of Sydney District Regional Local Area Neighbourhood Civic Spaces
City of Sydney Open Space setting classification PARK Consists of areas of turf, trees and garden beds .It can support a variety of functions depending on size including unstructured recreation and organised sport
POCKET PARK Covers smaller parks and reserves less than 2000m2.. Usually only accomodates a single function such as playground use.
FORESHORE PARK Parks and open space providing physical access, views or amenity to Sydney Harbour.
CIVIC / URBAN Formal public space usually in an urban setting, including squares, plazas and malls, or spaces associated with the forecourt of a building. Usually hard surfaced and may accommodate passive recreation, depending on size.
STREET CLOSURES Open space created by the closure of streets to vehicle access. Usually very small in size and may accommodate limited facilities such as seating.
ANCILLARY / LINK Describes small or lineal open space areas that primarily serve as visual amenity or means of access rather than as a destination for recreation.
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Residencies in the City Centre
Residential in the City Centre
IMPORTANCE OF RESIDENTS IN THE CITY CENTRE Having residents in the City Centre means people live and care about the city. Residents contribute to the vitality day and night, going about their daily tasks. In the evenings, even if relatively few in number, create an image of a city lived in and looked after.
MORE RESIDENTS IN SYDNEY’S CITY CENTRE In the last 10 years there has been a substantial increase of residents in the city centre. Today, Sydney has about 20,000 people living in the city centre. Unfortunately these new residents have a somewhat limited effect on public life in the city.
RESIDENTS LIVE IN TOWERS 68
RESIDENTS CONFINED TO SOUTH OF CITY CENTRE
66
52
There are only few options for outdoor recreation in immediate connection with the living area such as common courtyards offering residents a private retreat. Lack of facilities for families and children
12
PERTH 2002
FEW RESIDENTIAL AMENITIES
17
ADELAIDE 2002
Some residencies are used as a summer/ winter retreat for people living elsewhere. Other residencies are used as investment objects.
STOCKHOLM 2005
PART YEAR OCCUPANCY
COPENHAGEN 2005
The majority of all residencies have been built in the southern part of the City Centre, which leaves the rest of the city, especially the northern frontier almost without residents
MELBOURNE 2004
14
The higher up people live the less they come down at street levelto engage with the city life. The natural survellience of people overlooking their neighbourhood street is minimized.
SYDNEY 2007
14
8
Residents per hectre
There are very few residential developments in the Northern City Centre
Residential
key drivers for open spaces
RESIDENT POPULATION
WORKERS & VISITORS
HIGH DENSITY
The City’s increasing resident population will result in more use and capacity pressures on all levels of the open space recreation facility network, particularly the larger parks that offer opportunities for active sport.
In the City Centre and other concentrations of workforce population and visitors the quality of public spaces to allow people to lunch sit and socialise needs to be adressed
Open space provision will be critical to the liveability of higher density urban areas by supporting community well-being, physical activity and social interaction
LIVING
DEMOGRAPHICS
RECREATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
The acceptance for high density housing in order to live close to the city centre and lone person households places importance on the distribution of the open space network to ensure people have convenient access to a park that serves as a “backyard”
The age structure profiles increasing in the City of families with young children, young adults, and older people are expected to be heavy users of open space network.
Recreational cycling is also increasing, placing the need for safe cycle routes for all ages.
Major infrastructure projects such as Sydney Metro & Light Rail planned for delivery over the next 5-15 years will result in potential opportunities or impacts on the open space network
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Popular recreational trends ADULTS
Walking
Aerobics / Fitness
Swimming
FEMALE
MALE
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Netball
Yoga
Dance
Golf
Cycling
Soccer
CHILDREN
Walking
Cycling
Swimming
GIRLS
Gymnastics
Dance
Active Play
BOYS
Netball
AFL
Soccer
Basketball
Lack of Recreational facilities
Recreational facilities in the City Centre
SPORT FIELDS Demand for sporting facilities exceeds supply which is underscored by a high population of young people (18-39) Whilst user expectation is to experience high quality facilities, demand is currently outweighing supply and as a result the quality is compromised. Currently all sporting fields are booked at 10% of capacity and there is increasing unmet demand; Sports Facilities Demand Study 2016 estimates that by 2021 an additional 14 fields are required, and that by 2031 the number of additional fields compared to current provision could be as high as 20 fields;
OUTDOOR COURTS The current supply of sports courts in the City is insufficient for tennis, basketball and netball. The Sports Facility Demand Study 2016 estimates around 17-18 additional outdoor multi-use courts and 4 tennis complexes (4 court) are recommended by 2031.
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INDOOR COURTS Overall supply of indoor sports courts is assessed as inadequate particularly when considering impact of weekday population on facility demand. Limitations of single court facilities in supporting competitive sport, most existing courts reported at capacity. Limited provision of multi-court (2 or more courts) facilities which is a more sustainable commercial model. The Sports Facilities Demand Study 2016 estimates an additional 11 indoor multi-purpose courts will be required by 2031
CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND While there have always been children and families living in the City’s LGA, population forecasts indicate that the number of children will increase significantly over the coming years .The number of children aged 0-11 years-old is expected to increase by 52% in 2021 and 80% in 2031 from its 2011 base.
By 2031, Sydney will require additional 20 football fields
Acquatic Facilities Sport Fields
Outdoor Court Facilities
Indoor Court and Recreational Playgrounds
CIRCULAR QUAY ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS
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“Where the city meets the harbour�
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Key Issues and Drivers Influencing the Future Planning of Pedestrian prioritized streets and inter - connected public green spaces
‘Circular Quay is the only transit interchange in Sydney which connects all modes of transport at one location’ Circular Quay has been extensively used as an important node of the Sydney transit chain across history right from 1916 when steam trams ran across Alfred street to the 2019 vision when light rail will be introduced to match the demand for an efficient public transit system.
1916
1923
20 20
11. Transit Interchange Map
1923
17
1948
18
1948
2019 2019
20
Bus
Metro
Light Rail
Cycle
Train
Ferry
-0.6 M LVL
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+10 M LVL
0 M LVL
0 M LVL
12. Transit Interchange Illustration
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Bus
Metro
Light Rail
Train
Ferry
the most frequent interchange is between circular quay station and the ferries 13. Examples of transit interchange between ferries, train and light rail
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MANLY TO EASTERN SUBRUBS +
Ferry
MANLY TO INNER WEST & SOUTH
+
Walk
+
Bus
Ferry
Walk
+
PARAMATTA TO WORK
+
Escalator
+
Train
Ferry
OVERSEAS CRUISE TO HOME
+
Walk
+
Light Rail
Ferry
+
Walk
Bus
The promenade : Transit Interchange or Sunday stroll? 14. Pedestrain movement comparison - Weekday vs Weekend estimated population with 20% growth
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WEEKDAY AT CIRCULAR QUAY
32,788
(The following data analysis was carried out by Jahn Gehl Architects on a summer weekday (Tuesday/Wednesday) in March 2007 on an hourly basis)
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estimated population with 20% growth
WEEKEND AT CIRCULAR QUAY
There is an estimated increase in footfall by 65% on weekends.
54,180
(The following data analysis was carried out by Jahn Gehl Architects on a summer weekend (Saturday) in March 2007 on an hourly basis)
overlapping movements
15. Overlap of Pedestrain movements of people going to work and tourists
IDENTITY CONCERNS Circular Quay fails to establish itself majorly as a transit interchange or a tourist attraction and ‘Gateway to Sydney’. There is no clear distinction between these roles which leads to chaos and congestion on weekends
CHAOTIC CIRCULATION The Sydney CBD work force arrive at Circular Quay via the ferries and the train station. They tend to follow a North- South path to commute to the commercial core of the city. The tourists and the elderly who use circular quay for leisure activities tend to move more along the East-West corridor (The Rocks, Customs House, Sydney Opera House, Royal Botanical gardens). This friction of cross pedestrian movements leads to chaos.
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INCREASED PRESSURE ON WEEKENDS Circular Quay is used throughout the day, every month of every year by people of all generations. People visit to play, work and commute. Due to the inreased demand on weekends which witnesses a 65% increase in pedestrian flow as compared to weekdays, there is a need to distinguish the transit and social promenade. A need for an alternate ground plane is necessary. Work force movements Tourist movements Commercial Core
There is a need to segregate transit and leisure
‘how the harbour looks from the city’
“The expressway’s location reveals the all-hail
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dominance of mobility in mid- century Sydney, its design avoids any hint of the dynamic, ditching the urgent aesthetic of the moment for dull municipal togs that belie its function as well as its moment in history” - Elizabeth Farrelly,2002
‘how the city looks from the harbour’
Cahill Expressway - Sydney’s eyesore
Former prime minister Paul Keating raised a proposal to demolish the Cahill Expressway
High Level Expressway proposed and made public in 1948
1945
Premier Mike Baird acknowledges the problem, but claims operating on the expressway is out of budget
1993
1958
Cahill Expressway was built over Circular Quay Station
2016
2008
Sydney Lord Mayor, Clover Moore, suggests that the road should be pulled down for aesthetic arguments
2017
?
Cahill Expressway still stands
“With the (Sydney Harbour) tunnel we have already removed a lot of the traffic,”-
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Traffic consultant Ken Dobinson.
“This road is no longer a pivotal piece of our road architecture and it is such a scar on the city,” - Richard Francis-Jones, a Sydney architect “Removal of the expressway would reconnect the city with the harbour and strike the right balance between open space, public space and commercial space,”- Graham Jahn, The Director of City Planning, Development and Transport for the City of Sydney, If the Cahill Expressway and the monumental granite architectural centrepiece were removed and replaced with minimal glazed canopies over the platforms, the public realm and station would be given a new life and the city would better engage with the harbour”- Philip Thalis, Public Sydney
16. Urban ill effects of the Cahill Expressway
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VISUAL BLOCKAGE
DIVISION OF GROUND PLANE
DIVISION OF PUBLIC SPACES
Cahill Expressway acts a barrier and blocks views to the harbour from George, Pitt, Young and Loftus streets
Alfred street is a public transport street squeezed in between the embankment and the city. It fails to embrace the idea of a unified ground plane merging Alfred street and the wharfes.
Cahill Express creates a rift between the Royal Botanical Gardens, Museum of Contemporary Art and the Custom’s House.
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bury it!
transfer it!
remove it!
retain it?
17. Section through the Harbour, Cahill Expressway and the Custom’s House.
29 29
at a glance.....
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How can we make Sydney, a city pleasurable for walking?
How can we link the green and public spaces in the city?
How can we deal with the Cahill Expressway sustainably?
How can we retain and recycle an undesired elevated corridor of the city to connect and interlink green spaces and integrate a healthy suburbian lifestyle into city apartments? How can we distinguish the transit and leisure movements?
How can we integrate a healthy suburbian lifestyle into city apartments
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PRECEDENT STUDIES
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new york, high line promenade plante, paris london high line baricentre railway, italy chenggyecheon stream restoration project, seoul la vinea verde, mexico seun city walk, korea
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GREENED HIGH LINE 2009
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RUSTED, ABONDONED, NEGLECTED HIGH LINE 1980 - 2003
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from an elevated rust to an architecture inspiring marvel
520 West 28th Street Zaha Hadid
The Eleventh BIG
HL23 Neil Denari
Whitney Museum Renzo Piano
Solar Carve Tower Jeanne Gang
IGA Headquarters Frank Gehry
100 11th Avenue Jean Nouvel
PROMENADE PLANTE, PARIS COMPLETED IN 1986
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refurbishing elevated corridors all around the world LONDON HIGH-LINE RENDERS BY ERECT ARCHITECTS & J&L GIBBONS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
restoring biodiversity and reducing the heat island effect RISE IN DEVELOPMENT
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CHEONGGYCHEON, SEOUL BEFORE - AFTER
LA VINEA VERDE, MEXICO - SCAR ON THE CITY BECOMES A SAVIOUR TO FIGHT CRIME
a crime fighting green space
priority : pedestrian over cars
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SEUN CITY WALK, KOREA
38 38
cahill walkway 39 39
ARCHITECTURAL MANIFESTO
40 40
My project intends to :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
retain and refurbish the cahill expressway connect important public precints : MCA, Customs house and the Sydney Opera House interlink the green spaces : First Fleet park and the Royal Botanical Gardens provide a pleasurable walking experience in the city
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integrate backyards into city apartments provide communal recreational and sporting amenities
restore the belief that ‘Circular Quay belongs to the city’ and end its dominance by vehicular mobility
existing problems....
!! !!
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!!
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CAHILL EXPRESSWAY : A BARRIER
UNFAVORABLE FOR WALKING
CAHILL DIVIDES PUBLIC PARKS
The Cahill expressway blocks the city from the harbour.
Alfred street is surrounded by transit which creates noise pollution and degrades the ambience for pleasure walks.
Cahill Expressway creates a rift between First Fleet park and the Royal Botanical Gardens. There is an entrance at the botanical garden end but none near the fleet park.
CAHILL DIVIDES PUBLIC SPACES It acts as a barrier in a cultural rich environment breaching visual connectivity between the Customs House, MCA and the Sydney Opra House.
proposed strategies....
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RETAIN & GREEN IT Greening the Cahill expressway can breathe new life into a public spaces dominated by vehicular mobility for decades.
LEISURE ON TOP; TRANSIT AT THE BOTTOM The green walkway will restore activities at Alfred street without the transit chaos
CONNECT PUBLIC PARKS
CONNECT PUBLIC SPACES
The walkway will act as a bridge between the public parks and improve the green network.
The elevated platform will enable visitors to get a complete view of the harbour.
existing scenerio
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proposed view
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SITE - APDG SITE ANALYSIS
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49 49
Investigating Site Oppurtunities and implementing the research question on site
ALFRED STRE
apdg
ET
The site gets it’s name from the four streets surrounding it Alfred, Pitt, Dalley and George. It is located among a historic and cultural rich precinct among The Rocks, Custom’s house, First Fleet Park, Museum of Contemporary Art, Circular Quay and Sydney Opera House. With the upcoming Light Rail Project proposed on George street, there are numerous oppurtunities on this site to engage with the transit interchange such as retail, hospitality and cultural exchange.
110m
185m
238m
RUG
BY
Podium Maximum Floor Plate
110m
50
STREET
Block Boundary 3m rear/side boundary setback
248m
GEORGE
50
CE
110m
Tower Maximum Floor Plate Site Boundary
PLA
6m laneway setback 8m podium setback
OOD
ERW
UND
ET
STRE
200m
55m
THE ROCKS
55m 55m
155m
CIRCULAR QUAY
REET
DALLEY ST
ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS
PITT STREET
Street Frontage Floor Plate
24. Section through APDG Site and the Harbour
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site opportunities
F
52
L
T B
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EMBRACE TRANSIT INTERCHANGE
BETTER VIEWS
Circular Quay is the amalgamation of all transit options in the city. The site would benefit from opening up the ground plane. Retail and restaurants would further enhance the economic returns.
The site has views to the Sydney Opera House and the Harbour bridge even from the ground plane. Some adjacent sites such as AMP Precinct lack this opportunity has its views below 40M are blocked by
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CONNECT THE GREEN ACROSS BOTH AXIS
PRIMARY ROUTE FOR PEDESTRIANS
The APDG precinct presents with the opportunity to connect First Fleet Park to the site. This results in greenery being connected along both, north south (Fleet Park and Royal Botanical Gardens) and east - west (Fleet Park and the site).
The site sits between Pitt street and George street. Both these streets have active street frontages to encourage pedestrian mobility which benefits the site.
design strategy
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EXISTING CONDITION - VISUAL AND SOCIAL BARRIER
RETAIN & GREEN IT
CONNECT THE GREEN TO THE TOWER
VERTICAL GREENERY
55 55
CONNECTING FIRST FLEET PARK & THE TOWER
GRADUAL GRADIENT
MASSING
FUTURE CONNECTIONS
what is green?
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SAPLING
GRASS
a pocket garden
a picnic spot
a rice paddy field
sunbathing a camping site an open air theatre a soccer/cricket field courtyard/ foreshore park
SHRUB a weekend barbeque spot ecological urbanism a children’s playground
PLANT a kitchen garden where you grow your own veggies a psychological relief.
CREEPER a green wall which improves biodiversity a green privacy screen carbon absorber for car parks
HALF GROWN TREE
FULL GROWN TREE
a good reading spot
a bird sanctuary
a dog walking park
a national park
a jogging track
an escape from the city life
a better breathing atmosphere to meditate
urban heat island mitigation
SUBURBIAN LIFE Living in the suburbs has numerous advantages. More oxygenated air to breathe in a canvas painted in green can improve the quality of your lifestyle. Suburbian homes have a backyard which constantly keeps one connected to nature. Some use it as a kitchen garden to locally grow their own veggies, some install play equipments to provide their kids with a activity-driven childhoodSome people love swimming in their backyards while some just laze around reading a book on a weekend afternoon.
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suburb home
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backyard vs balcony city apartments
CITY LIFE Living in the city does enable the - work, play and live environment but traffic and air pollution, congestion and the increased temperature change affects your quality of life.
VS
A person living in a city apartment has a limited approach to green space. On an individual scale, a city inhabitant might consider his balcony as his green space. Sizing constraints further on such balconies limits his activities in that tiny green open space.
What if city apartments had backyards? IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE Living in the suburbs has numerous advantages. More oxygenated air to breathe in a canvas painted in green can improve the quality of your lifestyle. Suburbian homes have a backyard which
EASY ACCESS TO NATURE Living in the suburbs has numerous advantages. More oxygenated air to breathe in a canvas painted in green can improve the quality of your lifestyle. Suburbian homes have a backyard which 58 58
GROW IT LOCALLY Living in the suburbs has numerous advantages. More oxygenated air to breathe in a canvas painted in green can improve the quality of your lifestyle. Suburbian homes have a backyard which
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Public health researchers have found that living close to urban green spaces like parks and trails can increase urban residents levels of physical activity and reduce the likelihood of being overweight or obese. This reduces the risk of diabetes and several types of cancer.
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residential village design
1.
BED
LIV
KIT/DIN LIV
TOI
AVERAGE RESIDENTIAL CITY APART-
2.
BED
KIT
LIV
LIV
TOI KIT/DIN
KITCHEN - LIVING ROOM ADJACENT ORI-
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3. 4.
KIT
LIV
BED
OPEN FLOOR PLAN WITH TERRACE GAR-
KIT
LIV
OPEN FLOOR PLAN WITH INTEGRATED TERRACE
LIV
TOI
BED
KIT/DIN
LIV
TOI
KIT/DIN
TOI
BED
5.
KIT
LIV
LIV
KIT/DIN
BED
TOI
OPEN FLOOR PLAN, DOUBLE HEIGHT LIVING SPACE WITH INTEGRATED TERRACE GARDEN
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BED LIV
BED
6.
KIT
TOI
LIV
KIT
KIT/DIN
TOI
KIT/DIN
BED BED
KIT
BED
LIV
LIV
STAGERRED ARANGMENT OF APARTMENTS WITH BACKYARDS
LIV
Conceptual Brief & Design Program
Multipurpose court used for Soccer, American Football,
The “backyard” is the primary green space in suburbian housing. It provides flexibility of space to execute a number of activities from a Sunday barbecue to a play area. Due to scarcity of space in urban areas, this primary green space is scarce or even worse is considered as a luxury. On the contrary, a backyard must be considered a necessity when it comes to a healthy and stress free lifestyle.
OUTDOOR SPORTS COURT
Backyards in the sky can be used for a number of reasons. It can hold parties up in the sky with excellent views of the harbour, or be a basketball court on the building’s roof. Its uses are endless and it brings the community together. 62 62
The project aims to provide backyards not only for people living in the building but letting out space to the city dwellers who find themselves devoid of their ‘individual backyards’. People can rent or lease these spaces for a limited time to host picnics or Sunday barbecues up in the sky with view to the two icons of Australia.
Badminton, Golf, Basketball areas along with Indoor Gym and INDOOR SPORTS AND RECREATION
These backyard spaces can be shared by families along with the residents and establish a sense of community. Another aspect of the design addresses the shortage of public park spaces in the city with proximity of residential development. The project includes a lavish public park with sport and recreation amenities. These can be utilized by the city workforce during lunch hours while enjoying some sport.
Office Spaces with integrated greenery Common meeting green areas
COMMERCIAL
Apartments with backyards replicating the suburbian lifestyle
Children’s Play area with equipments
CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND
RESIDENTIAL
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A public park for the community to embrace the existing green
PUBLIC PARK
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massing evolution Residential Commercial Sporting & Recreation Restaurants & Retail Public Plaza Public Park Residential & Public Green Space Community Backyards
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Views to the harbour Solar access to green backyards Prevent overshadowing public plaza Blocking harsh south western winds Floor plate efficiency
Design Drivers
SUN & WIND Current building massing restricts any sunlight from reaching the interiors of APDG. For the design, every backyard space must have access to sunlight for atleast 2 hours between 9am and 3 pm on a winter solistice.
LANEWAYS
BUILDING ENVELOPE & PUBLIC PLAZA
Currently, the laneways at the site are dingy with no amenities. they need to be activated through cafe’s and retail. The design provides access into and through the site by prioritizing laneway access.
The current building envelope restricts the maximum height at 248m. The intersection of George St and Alfred St is be developed into a plaza. This co relates with the Sydney Central strategy of linking Central, Townhall and Circular through public plazas with George St as its spine.
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Shadow Analysis 10 AM Winter Solistice
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Shadow Analysis 3 PM Winter Solistice
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1500m2 Community Backyards
Swimming pool
Commercial Green Recreation area
25m each Residential 2
Modular Apartments with backyards
Luxury Apartments Transfer Floor Indoor sports
1000m2 Sports Field 3500m2 Public Park
Amenities
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Retail Restaurants and Cafe’s
10000m2 Cahill Walkway
Soccer Multipurpose court
Commercial
Jogging Track Viewing Deck Amphitheatre Play area Dog Walking
Jogging & Cycling Track Viewing Deck Outdoor Aerobics Play area Food Stalls
Residential Lift Core Indoor Sports and Recreation Multipurpose Court Gym Badminton
800m2 Reed Beds
Grey Water Treatment Plant
modular apartment design The residential design scheme supports a modular framework. Each Module consists of 6 metres X 4 metres in size. These have been arranged over the northern facade of the commercial block to maximise the northern sun during winters for the backyard spaces to remain green. Each floor can have a maximum of 30 spaces interlinked among several sizing combinations of Studio, 1 Bed, 2 Bed and 3 Bed apartments. Any aprtment size can have in between 1 to 3 backyard modules attached to it.
COMMERCIAL
6M X 4M MODULE EACH
STUDIO
1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM
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3 BEDROOM
Living Kitchen Bedroom Backyard
Context Plan - Ground Level
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Existing Green Reed Beds
Civic Open Space
Proposed Green Space
Public Plaza
Proposed Green Space
Context Plan - Mid Rise Level
Residences Reed Beds
Existing Green
Civic Open Space
Proposed Green Space
Public Plaza
Proposed Green Space
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Building Plan Ground Level 1:1500
1 3
5
2
4 72 72
6 7
6
8
10
9
1. Retail 2. Restaurants and Cafe’s 3. Green Lawn 4. Playground & Skating Rig 5. Public Plaza 6. Reed Beds 7. Sporting & Recreation Centre 8. Residential Lobby 9. Commercial Lobby 10. Retail and Cafe
Building Plan Mid Level
10
1:1500
11
1 3
5
2
4
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6
7
6
8
9
1. Amphitheatre 2. Public Park 3. Green Lawn 4. Playground & Skating Rig 5. Public Plaza 6. Reed Beds 7. Multipurpose Court 8. Residential 9. Commercial 10. Cahill Walkway 11. Connecting Bridge
Building Plan Backyard Level
10
1:1500
11
1 3
5
2
4 74 74
6 6
7
8
9
12
1. Amphitheatre 2. Public Park 3. Green Lawn 4. Playground & Skating Rig 5. Public Plaza 6. Reed Beds 7. Multipurpose Court 8. Community Backyards 9. Indoor Sports 10. Cahill Walkway 11. Connecting Bridge 12. Swimming Pool
Building Plan Roof Level
10
1:1500
11
1 3
5
2
4
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6 6
7
8
9
12
1. Amphitheatre 2. Public Park 3. Green Lawn 4. Playground & Skating Rig 5. Public Plaza 6. Reed Beds 7. Multipurpose Court 8. Residential 9. Luxury Apartments 10. Cahill Walkway 11. Connecting Bridge 12. Swimming Pool
Context Section
APDG
Sydney Opera House
Cahill Walkway
MCA 76 76
public cultural
museum of contemporary art sydney opera house
public
public
public/private
private
leisure
leisure, transit
leisure, recreational
commercial
first fleet park
cahill walkway, circular quay station, light rail station circular quay bus stop
site
Context Section AMP APDG
Cahill Walkway
Royal Botanical Gardens
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public
public
royal botanical gardens
circular quay bus stop
leisure
transit
private
commercial
public transit
amp precinct light rail station circular quay train station
semi private
public
private
food court
leisure recreational
leisure
commercial
site
hotel
Building Section 1:1500
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Building Section 1:1500
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references TEXT REFERENCES 1. Jahn Gehl - Sydney - Public Place Public Life 2007 (https://issuu.com/gehlarchitects/docs/issuu_516_sydney_pspl2007) 2. Ibid 3. Ibid 4. John Muscat - CITY - Going Underground, 30th October 2013, (https://slowsydney.com/2013/10/30/city-going-underground/) 5. Jahn Gehl - Sydney - Public Place Public Life 2007 (https://issuu.com/gehlarchitects/docs/issuu_516_sydney_pspl2007) 6. Ibid 7. Ibid 8. Ibid 9. Ibid 10. Ibid City of Sydney 2030 -Draft Open Space, Sports and Recreation Needs Study 2016 - Draft background research and analysis Attachment C 86 86
IMAGE REFERENCES 1. Jahn Gehl - Sydney - Public Place Public Life 2007 (https://issuu.com/gehlarchitects/docs/issuu_516_sydney_pspl2007) 2. Open spaces Site Ananlysis group work(Assessment 1) - Pitt Street Retail Mall 3. Jahn Gehl - Sydney - Public Place Public Life 2007 (https://issuu.com/gehlarchitects/docs/issuu_516_sydney_pspl2007) 4. Ibid 5. Ibid 7. Jahn Gehl - Public Spaces in Copenhagen - A guide to the public spaces in Copenhagen -(http://www.akershus.no/file/c112a084c81172d57c8dba94e41113cc/091217_Cph_Guide%20(2).pdf) 8. Jahn Gehl - Sydney - Public Place Public Life 2007 (https://issuu.com/gehlarchitects/docs/issuu_516_sydney_pspl2007) 23. Planning and Regulation Group - Site Analysis
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