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Referred and other superfluous names
from Ferocactus
by Ammar
F. acanthodes Britton & Rose, Cact. 3:129, figs. 134137,p1.l5 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (GB) 41 (4): 91 (1979); Lindsay, Ferocactus281, 290-308 (1996) (1955 thesis, unpublished at the time)..
Although Taylor has referred this species to F. cylindraceus, there is a swell of opinion which favours the retention of this more common, long used epithet, not least by Gottfried Unger in his recent work, who uses it in preference to F. cylindraceus. As indicated in the main text we regard Taylor's argument as soundly based and therefore prefer the use of F. cylindraceus - see under that name. Nigel Taylor has commented in personal communication that the epithet 'acanthodes' "can only be retained in its popular sense if 'conserved' with a new type, but the use of 'cylindraceus' over the past 10 years or more, makes this unlikely to succeed."
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var. eastwoodiae L. Benson, Cacti of Arizona ed.3:23 (1969) Referred to F. cylindraceus subsp. eastwoodiae.
var. lecontei (Engelmann) Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 27(6): 169 (1955); Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3:274 (1856) Referred to F. cylindraceus subsp. lecontei.
var. tortulospinus (Gates) Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 27(6)168 (1955); Gates, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 4(9):343 (1933)
Referred to F. cylindraceus subsp. tortulispinus.
"rostii form" (syn. F. rostii Britton & Rose), N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:33 (1984); Lindsay, Ferocactus 290, 310 (1996) (1955 thesis, unpublished at the time). Referred to F. cylindraceus.
F. alamosanus var. platygonus Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 14(10-11):139 (1942)
Referred to F. pottsii. Referred to F. wislizeni.
F. bieolor (Galeotti ex Pfeiffer) N. P. Taylor, Caet. Suce. J. (GB) 41(2):30 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 58 (1999)
Referred to Thelocactus.
var. bolaensis (Runge) N. P. Taylor, I.e. Referred to Thelocactus.
var..fla.vidispinus (Baekeberg) N. P. Taylor, I.e.
Referred to Thelocactus.
var. schwarzii (Baekeberg) N. P. Taylor, I.e. Referred to Thelocactus.
F. californicus (Labouret) Y. Ito, Cacti 103 (1952); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:31 (1984)
Referred to F. viridescens.
F. coloratus Gates, Cact. Suee. J. (US) 4(9):344 (1933); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:30 (1984)
Referred to F. gracilis subsp. coloratus.
F. coptonogonus (Lemaire) N. P. Taylor, Caet. Suce. J. (GB) 42(4):108 (1980); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 58 (1999)
Referred to Stenocactus.
[F.] Echinocactus cornigerus De Candolie, (1828)
Referred to F. latispinus.
F. covillei Britton & Rose, Caet. 3: 132-3, figs. 138,139 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:37 (1984); Lindsay, Feroeaetus 193 (1996) (1955 thesis, unpublished at the time).
Referred to F. emoryi.
F. arizonicus (Kunze) Orcutt, Caetography (1922); Kunze, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19:149 (1909); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:34 (1984).
F. crassihamatus (Weber) Britton & Rose, The Caet. 144 (1922); Weber in Bois, Diet. Hort. 468 (1896); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 58 (1999)
F. crispatus (De Candolle) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (OB) 42(4): 108 (1980); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 58 (1999)
Referred to Stenocactus.
F. diguetii var. carmenensis G. Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 27(6): 167-168,fig.156(left) (1955); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:37 (1984); Unger, Die grossen Kugelkakt. Nordamer. 280-1; Lindsay, Ferocactus 317 (1996) (1955 thesis, unpublished at the time).
This variety was described by Lindsay as having stems never more than 1m tall, 40cm in diameter, and usually much smaller, often more globular than flattened when young, spines and flowers similar to the type, but more heavily spined. Seedlings grown in cultivation are darker spined, more of a red-brown colouring, just as slow growing as the type. It is not recognized by Taylor as a subspecies, and seems to be just a smaller growing form of the species.
Referred to F. diguetii.
F. eastwoodiae (L. Benson) L. Benson, Cact. US & Canada 969 (1982); Cacti Arizona ed. 3:26 (1969); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:33 (1984).
Referred to F. cylindraceus subsp. eastwoodiae.
F. echidne var. victoriensis (Rose) Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 27(6):168 fig.159 (upper right) (1955); Rose, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 12:291 (1909);
Referred to synonymy with F. echidne.
F. electracanthus Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 24 (1838); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2: 24 (1984).
As applied horticulturally referred to F. histrix.
F. falconeri Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 12: 162 (1902); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:34 (1984).
Referred to F. wislizeni.
F. fordii var. grandiflorus, O. Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 27(6):164-165,fig.154 (1955).
Referred to F. chrysacanthus subsp. grandijlorus.
F. gatesii Lindsay Cact. Suee. 1. (US) 27(5): 150 (1955).
Referred to F. gracilis subsp. gatesii.
F. x gatesii (Lindsay) Unger, Die grossen Kugelkakt. Nordamer. 238 (1992).
Referred to F. gracilis subsp. gatesii.
F. glaucus (K. Schumann) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (OB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Sclerocactus.
F. grandiflorus (Lindsay) Unger, Kakt. u. a. Sukk. 51 (2): (29-30) Kart. 2000/03 (2000).
Referred to F. chrysacanthus subsp. grandijlorus.
F. guirocobensis F. Schwarz, nom. nud.; Hirao, Colour Encycl. Cacti fig.46 (1979); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:36 (1984).
Referred to F. pottsii.
F. hamatacanthus var. crassispinus (Engelmann) L. Benson, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 46(2):80 (1974); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:27 (1984)
Referred to F. hamatacanthus.
F. hastifer (Werdermann & Boedeker) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (OB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Thelocactus.
F. herrerae Ortega, Mexico Forestal 5:53,55, figs. I to 4 (1927); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:34 (1984).
Referred to F. wislizeni subsp. herrerae.
F. hertrichii Weinberg, Desert 1:40 (1929)
Referred to F. cylindraceus subsp. lecontei.
F. heterochromus (F. A. C. Weber) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (OB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Thelocactus.
F. horridus Britton & Rose, Cact. 3:128 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:28 (1984).
Referred to F. peninsulae: "a form with long central spines". This name in cultivation is often misapplied to plants of F. wislizeni subsp. herrerae.
F.johnsonii (Parry) Britton & Rose, The Cact. 3: 141 (1922); Parry in Engelmann, Bot. Kings's Surv. 117 (1871); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to Sclerocactus.
F. latispinus var. jlavispinus (F. A. C. Weber) Ito, Cacti 105 (1952)
Regarded as just a colour variation of the type with yellow spines, and whitish-yellow flowers.
var. greenwoodii (C. Glass) N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:27 (1984) Referred to F. recurvus subsp. greenwoodii.
var. spiralis (Karwinsky ex Pfeiffer) N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:26 (1984) Referred to F. recurvus.
subsp. spiralis (Karwinski ex Preiffer) N. P. Taylor, Cactus Consensus Initiatives, 5: 13 (1998) Referred to F. recurvus.
F. lecontei (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, The Cact. 3:129 (1922)
Referred to F. cylindraceus subsp. lecontei.
F. leucacanthus (Zuccarini) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. 1. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to Thelocactus.
F. macrodiscus var. multiflorus (Meyer) Backeberg & Knuth 352 (1935 publ. 1936)
Referred to the type.
var. oaxacensis Ryutanji, Colour Photo Album Cacti & Succ. Band 1: 29 (1965) Referred to the typc.
F. mathssonii (Berge ex K. Schumann) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. (GB) 41(4):91 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to Sclerocactus uncillatus subsp. crassihamatus.
f: melocactijormis (sensu De Candolle) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3:138 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:24 (1984); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to F. histrix. F. mesa-verdae (Boissev. & C. Davidson) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to Sclerocactus.
F. llobilis (L.) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3:141-3 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:26 (1984)
Referred to F. recurvus.
F. orcuttii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3: 134 (1922); Engelmann apud Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 2:46 (1886); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:31 (1984); CITES Cactaceas Checklist 59 (1999); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to F. viridescens.
F. parviflorus (Clover & Jotter) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Refcrred to Sclerocactus.
Referred to F. gracilis subsp. coloratus.
Referred to F. gracilis.
F. peninsulae var. viscainensis (Gates) Lindsay, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 27(6): 169 (1955); Gates, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 4(8):324 (1933); Lindsay, Ferocactus, 214-215, 219-222, 237, 436 (1996)(1955 thesis unpublished at the time); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:30 (1984); Unger, Die grossen Kugelkakt. Nordamer. 198 (1992); H. MUller, Kakt.u.a.Sukk. 48(9): Kart.17 (1997); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 60 (1999)
Unger maintains this taxon, which Taylor refers to synonymy with F. gracilis subsp. coloratus, this last named regarded by Unger also as a variety of
F. peninsulae. Taylor's view is followed herein.
It comes from near Mesquital, in the area of southern Baja California known as the Vizcaino
Desert, where little grows without difficulty.
Referred to F. gracilis subsp. coloratus.
F. phoeniceus (Kunze) Orcutt, Cactography 6 (1926); Kunze, Torreya 13:75 (1913); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:34 (1984)
Referred to F. wislizeni.
F. phyllacanthus (Dietrich & Otto) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Succ. J. (GB) 42(4):108 (1980); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999)
Referred to Stenocactus.
F. pili/erus (Lemaire ex Ehrenberg) Unger, Kakt.u.a.Sukk. 37(2):45 (1986); CITES Cactuceae Checklist 59 (1999)
As applied commercially referred to F. pilosus.
fa.jlavispinus (Hort. ex Schelle) Unger, l.c. Referred to F. pilosus.
var. stainesii (Salm-Dyck) Unger, l.c. Referred to F. pilosus.
F. pilosus (var.) stainesii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 149 (1850); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:35 (1984)
Referred to F. pilosus.
F. polyancistrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Suee. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Sclemcactus.
F. pottsii var. alamosanus (Britton & Rose) G. Unger, Kakt.u.a.Sukk. 22( 10): 187 (1971); Britton & Rose, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16:239,pl.66 (1913).
Referred to F. alamosanus.
F. pringlei (Coulter) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3:125 (1922); Coulter, Contr. US Nat. Herb. Washington, 3: 365 (1896); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:35 (1984); CITES Cuctaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to F. pilosus.
F. pubispinus (Engelmann) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Suee. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Sclerocactus.
F. rafaelensis (J. Purpus) Borg, Cacti 233,236 (1937); J. Purpus, Monatssehr. Kakteenk. 22: 163 (1912); I.e. 23:fig. opp. p.34 (1913); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:22 (1984).
Referred to F. echidne.
F. rectispinus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, The Caet. 134 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Cact. Cons. Init. 6:16 (1998).
Referred to F. emoryi subsp. rectispinus. F. recurvus var. spiralis (Karwinski ex Pfeiffer) K. Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakt. 348 (1898); Karwinski ex Pfeiffer, Enum. Caet. 60 (1837); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:26 (1984); Glass & Innes, IIlustr. Encyel. Cacti 120 with fig. (1991)
Referred to F. recurvus.
F. reppenhagenii Unger, Kakt.u.a.Sukk 25(3)50-54 (1974); N. P. Taylor, Caet. Cons. Init. 6:16 (1998).
Referred to F. ulamosanus subsp. reppenhagenii.
F. rhodanthus F. Schwarz, nom. nud.?; Hirao, Eneyel. Cacti fig.41 (1979); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:22 (1984).
Taylor refers this taxon with a question mark regarding its application to F. echidne. Plants grown in cultivation under this name, from commercial seed, have differently coloured flowers from that species, with both red and yellow appearing on the same plant; neither do they have the clustering habit of F. echidne, but otherwise they are similar.
F. rostii Britton & Rose, Caet. 3:146-147, fig.153b (1922); N. P Taylor, Bradleya 2:33 (1984); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to F. cylindraceus.
F. santa-maria Britton & Rose, Caet. 3:131 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:30 (1984).
Referred to F. peninsulae subsp. santa-maria.
F. scheeri (Salm-Dyek) N. P. Taylor, Caet. Succ. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Sclemcactus.
F. setispinus (Engelmann) L. Benson, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 41(3):128 (1969); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Thelocactus.
F. spinosior (Engelmann) N. P. Taylor, Caet. Suee. 1. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979).
Referred to Sclerocactus.
F. stainesii (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3: 124 (1922); Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyek. 1849: 149 (1850); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:35 (1984); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to F. pilosus.
var. haemataeanthus (Salm-Dyck) Backeberg. Die Caet. 5:2700 (1961); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:35 (1984) In the sense that Backeberg uses this name Taylor refers it to F. pi/usus.
var. pilQSUS (Galeotti) Baekeberg, Die Caet. 5:2792 (1961) Referred to F. pi/usus.
Referred to F. pi/osus.
F. tobuschii (W. T. Marshall) N. P. Taylor, Cae!. Suee. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Caetaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Sclerocaclus brevihamatus subsp. tobuschii.
F. tortulospinus H. Gales, Caet. Suee. J. (US) 4:343 wilh fig. (1933); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:33-34 (1984); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (1999).
Referred Lo F. £"Ylindraceus subsp. tortulispinus.
P. townsendianus Britton & Rose, Cael. 3: 127, "g.133 (1922); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:28-29 (1984). Referred to f: peninsu/ae subsp. townsendianus.
var. santa-maria (Britton & Rose) Lindsay, Cae!. Suee. J. (US) 27(6):170 (1955). Referred to F peninsu/ae subsp. soma-maria.
F. uncinatus (Galeolti) Brinon & Rose, The Cact. I: 146 (1922); Galeolli in Pfeiffer, Abbild. Besehr. :aet. 2:p1.I8 (1848); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 60 1999).
Referred to Sclerocactus.
var. wrightii (Engelmann) N. P. Taylor, Cacl. Succ. J. (GB) 41(2):31 (1979); I.e. 41(4):99 (1979) Referred to Sdero<:a(·tus.
.,aupelianus (Werdennann) N. P. Taylor, Caet. 'uee. J. (GB) 42(4):108 (1980); CITES Caclaceae :hecklist 59 (1999).
Referred to Steno(·actus.
": .,ictoriensis (Rose) Backeberg, Die Cacl. 5:2728 1961): N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:22 (1984).
Referred to F. e<·hidne. F. viridescens var. oren/tii (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Unger, Die grossen Kugelkakt. Nordarner. 105 (1992)
A variant of the species from Palm Valley, Baja
California, with larger stem, to 1.3m tall. cylindrical. the upper and lower central spines thinner.
Referred to F viridescens.
F. viscainensis H. Gates. Cacl. Suec. J. (US) 4(8):3245, with figs. (1933); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:30 (1984); CITES Cadaceae Checklist 60 (1999).
Referred 10 F. gracilis subsp. c%raws.
F. whipplei (Englemann & Bigelow) N. P. Taylor, Caet. Slice. J. (GB) 41(4):90 (1979); CITES Cactaceae Checklist 59 (J 999).
Referred to Sclerocactus.
F. wislizeni var. albispinus (Tourney) Y. 110, Cacti 105 (1952).
Referred to F. wis/izeni.
var.phoeniceus (Kunze) Y. Ito, Cacti 105 (1952); N. P. Taylor, Bradleya 2:34 (1984). Referred to F. wis/izeni.
vaT. tiburonensis G. Lindsay, Cact Succ, J. (US) 27(6):166-167,fig.155 (1955) Referred to F. wislizeni subsp. tiburonensis.
F. wrightioe (L. Benson) N. P. Taylor, Cact. Suee. J. (GB) 41 (4):90 (1979); CITES Caetaceae Checklist 60 (1999).
Referred to Sclerocactus.
Field Collection Numbers
Dave Ferguson (OJ F)
4.37 viridescens
BCN, Las Palmas 7 fordii subsp. borealis BCN, San Quintin Bay 1402 viridescens
1404 wislizeni
BCN, Ensenada shore. San Pedro, 50-200m Chihuahua, Laguna Santa Maria. I,OOOm 8 fordii subsp. borealis BCN, EI Socorro 1405 emoryi subsp. rectispinus BCS, Nopolo, lOO-300m 27.37 peninsulae subsp. BCS, Punta Candeleros 1406 latispinus Guanajuato, San Luis de la townsendianus Paz,I,800m 30 peninsulae BCS, SE of Ciudad 1408 recurvus Oaxaca, Tecomavaca, 500m
Constitucion 37.37 peninsulae subsp. BCS, Cabo San Lucas townsendianus 44.37 peninsulae subsp. santa-maria BCS, San Carlos 52.37 emoryi Sonora, Sonoita
603 histrix Queretaro. San Luis de la 1412 alamosanus subsp. Oaxaca, Yosundua, 1,500m reppenhagenii 1414 flavovirens Puebla, San Antonio
1415 histrix Texcala, 1,600m Queretaro, Vizarron, 1,200m
609 echidne 617 echidne 620 pilosus 627 pilosus 758.37 pilosus 1354 cylindraceus Paz 1417 robustus
Puebla, Tehuacan, 1,500m San Luis PotOSI, La Calzada 1419 (stainesii) pilosus Nuevo Leon, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon, NE Aramberri 1,400m Nuevo Leon, W Aramberri 1420 (stainesii var pringlei) pilosus Coahuila, road from Saltillo Nuevo Leon, W of Galeana near Nuncio, 2,I00m Zacatecas, Cedros 1421 peninsulae subsp. BCS, Isla San Jose, 0-200m Arizona, SW of Congress townsendianus
1355 cylindraceus 1387 wislizeni 1390 wislizeni 1591 emoryi 1624 emoryi 1635 wislizeni Nevada, Searchlight 1422 echidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas, Ciudad New Mexico, Cooks Range Victoria, 500-1 ,600m New Mexico, West Potrillos 1463 fordii subsp. borealis BCN. San Quintin, O-IOOm Sonora, N of Hermosillo 1554 peninsulae subsp. santa-maria BCS, San Carlos Bay,Arizona, W of Sells 0-lOm Arizona, W of Sun City 1555 gracilis subsp. coloratus BCN, Santa Rosalillita, 10-IOOm
Alfred Lau (Lau) Felipe Otero (FO)
10 chrysacanthus
15 peninsulae BCN, Isla Cedros, Punta 52 latispinusNorte, I-200m 53 macrodiscus BCN, San Borja, 68 recurvus
200-400m
69 robustus 24 gracilis subsp. gatesii BCN, Isla Ventana, 0-150m 70 flavovirens 56 peninsulae
57 diguetii BC, Vizcaino Desert, 71 latispinusIOO-150m 138 recurvus BCS, Isla Monserrat. 50-300m Hidalgo, Pachuca Oaxaca. Coixtlahuaca High in Sierra Mixteca Puebla, Cacaloapan Puebla, Zapotitlan Puebla, Tecamachalco Puebla,Coxcatlan
78 emoryi
80 alamosanus
620 schwarzii Sinaloa, Topolobampo, I-50 (-200)m
Werner Reppenhagen (Repp)
Sonora, Guirocoba, Alamos. 7 latispinus Hidalgo, Pachuca. 2,500m
350-500m 17 latispinus Hidalgo, Pachuca, 2,500m
Sinaloa, Rancho del Padre, 25 histrix 180-300m Queretaro,Cadereyta, 2,OOOm
765 alamosanus subsp. Michoacan, Cerro Laurel. 26 latispinus reppenhagenii 1054 haematacanthus Coalcoman, 2,OOOm Veracruz, Maltrata, 2,OOOm 38 histrix 1112 (rafaelensis) echidne San Luis POtOSI, San 39 latispinus Rafael, 1,500-1600m 47 latispinus
1122 macrodiscus Oaxaca, Mitla, near Ayutla, 1,800m 50 glaucescens
1202 alamosanus 1214 johnstonianus
1216 gracilis Sonora, Taymuco, 450m BCN, Isla Angel de la 64 latispinus Guarda,0-300m BCN, Mision San 77 latispinus
Fernando, 300m Queretaro,Cadereyta, 2,OOOm Queretaro, Colon, 2,OOOm Queretaro, Colon, 2,OOOm San Luis PotOSI, Jasos, 1,550m San Luis POtOSI, Las Rusias, 1,600m San Luis POtOSI, Soledad, 1.600m San Luis POtOSI, Arriaga, 2,300m
1217 cylindraceus subsp. BCN, Laguna Chapala, 93 robustus tortulispinus 1240 glaucescens 600m Queretaro, Vista Hermosa, 102 flavovirens 1,800m 109 robustus Puebla, Tlacotepec near Tehuacan, 2,IOOm Puehla, Tehuacan, 1,900m Puebla, Zapotitlan de Salinas,I,800m
1251 cylindraceus
BCN, road from Mexicali, 110 near Tecate, 300m 1253 viridescens subsp. Iittoralis BCN, Hidalgo observatory, 130 flavovirens 800-1,000m
1257 pottsii
Sonora, Sierra Canela, San 131 Bernardo, 1,800m 1313 (rafaelensis) echidne Queretaro, Rio Jalpan, 139 latispinus I,OOOm Puebla, Zapotitlan de Salinas, I,800m Puebla, Zapotitlan de Salinas,I,800m Puebla, Zapotitlan de Salinas,I,800m Mexico State, Indio Verde, 2,300m
149 echidne
153 recurvus 163a recurvus 2,320m 609a latispinus
Queretaro, Colon, 2,1 OOm Hidalgo, Los Venados, 662 alamosanus subsp. Michoacan,CcrroLaurel, 1,6oom reppenhagenii 2,OOOm Puebla, Coxcatlan, 1,200m 664 alamosanus subsp. Michoacan, Dos Aguas, Oaxaca, Teotitlan, I,OOOm reppenhagenii 2,300m
167 recurvus 200 cylindraceus 201 cmoryi 207a cylindraceus Oaxaca, Mitla, 1,700m 670a alamosanus subsp. Colima, Cerro Banigon, Sonora, Miramar, 5-200m reppenhagenii 1,300m
Sonora, Miramar, 5-2oom 696a pilosus Sonora, Guaymas, 0-1 Om Durango, Cerro Visnaga, 1,700m
(assumed) 720d alamosanus subsp. Michoacan, Dos Aguas,
207b wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sonora, Guaymas, 0-1 Om (assumed) reppenhagenii
2,300m 723h peninsulae subsp. BCS, San Bartolo, 450m
219a emoryi 224c emoryi 232 viridescens Sonora, Empalme, 10-80m
townsendianus Sonora, Altar, 300m 723m peninsulae subsp. BCS, Buena Vista, 100m BCN, Ensenada, 30m townsendianus
239 viridescens BeN, San Quintin - San 729a gracilis Sirnon,I-IOrn(assurned) BCS, Villa Constitucion, 80m
247 viridescens BCN, El Rosario, O-lOm 735 pcninsulae BCS, Santa Rosalia, 200m
257 gracilis (assumed) BCN, Cardonal, 20m
740a wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sinaloa, AngosturaiGuamuchil, 30m 267 gracilis BCN, San Jorge 744a wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sinaloa, Bacuberito, 200m 269 cylindraceus subsp. BCN, N of Punta Prieta 745a wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sinaloa, EI Fuerte, 60m tortulispinus 746a alamosanus subsp. Michoacan, Dos Aguas, 270 gracilis subsp.. coloratus BCN, S of Punta Prieta reppenhagenii 2,300m 275 emoryi subsp. rectispinus BCS, San Ignacio 801 latispinus Guanajuato, Puerta Caroza, 289 peninsulae subsp. BCS, San Bartolo, 450m 2,400m townsendianus 813b emoryi Sonora, Santa Ana 297 histrix Hidalgo, Barranca de 834a recurvus Venados,I,700m 851 recurvus Puebla, La Collina, 1,IOOm Puebla, Tchuixtla, 1,2oom
298 echidne
299 glaucescens 300 histrix 321 recurvus Hidalgo, Barranca de 858a recurvus Venados, 1,700m 898a recurvus Hidalgo, Metztitlan, 1,500m 906a latispinus Hidalgo, Metztitlan, 1,500m Oaxaca, Matatlan, 1,600m 924b recurvus
344 latispinus 345 histrix Hidalgo, Cardonal, 2,OOOm 927b rccurvus Hidalgo, Cardonal, 2,OOOm
353 glaucescens
Hidalgo, Zimapan, 1,900m 950 macrodiscus 359 echidne (victoriensis) San Luis POtOSI, Ciudad 957e recurvus Oaxaca, Huajuapan, 1,800m Oaxaca, Cuicatlan, 650m Hidalgo, Hacienda los Arcos, 2,500m Puebla, Esperanza, 2,S00m Puebla, EI Riegoffehuacan, 1,7oom Oaxaca, Tejupan, 2,300m Puebla, Acatlan, 1,300m
Maiz, 1,200m 974 histrix Zacatecas, La
377a hamatacanthus 379 pilosus
Tamaulipas, Jaimes, I300m Tamaulipas, Llano de los Awa 381 echidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas,Jaumave, 100lg latispinus CienegaiJalpa, 1,950m
Hidalgo, Portezuelo, I,800m
I,200m 382 hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus Tamaulipas, Jaumave, I,200m 387 echidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas, San Vicente 100li glaucescens
Hidalgo, Portezuelo, 1,800m 1024b echidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas, Palmillas, I,OOOm
near Jaumave, I,300m 1043a recurvus 390 hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus Tamaulipas, San Vicente 1080b hamatacanthus Puebla, EI Papayo, 1,400m Nuevo Leon, Mirador, 50m
ncar Jaumave, 1,300m 1083e hamatacanthus Coahuila, Parras, 1,600m
400 hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus Nuevo Leon, Linares, 384m 1096a latispinus 420 hamatacanthus Coahuila, Paso Guadelupe, Hidalgo, Tecpatepec/ Tulancingo, 1,500m
451 hamatacanthus I,100m Coahuila, San Lorenzo ncar 1129a echidne (victoriensis) San Luis POtOSI, Arroyo Carrizal, 1,2oom
Parras,l,5OOm 1133a echidne San Luis PotOSI, San Rafael
459 hamatacanthus
469 hamatacanthus Coahuila, EI Carmen, I,OOOm Coahuila, San Vicente, 1139a echidne Laguna,I,I50m Queretaro, Jalpam, 700-I,OOOm
534 pottsii
548 hamalacanthus
564 alamosanus 568 wislizeni 571 wislizeni 1,000m Chihuahua, Villa Humada, 1,200m Durango, Cuencamc, 1,650m Sonora, Guirocoba 1144d glaucescens
1145b glaucescens
1171a latispinus
Sonora, Navajoa, 40m II92a hamatacanthus Sonora, Ciudad Obregon, 70m 1202c hamatacanthus 589 peninsulae subsp. Baja California S, Buena 1221b pilosus townsendianus Vista, 100m 593 peninsulae subsp. Baja California S, San Jose I242d pilosus townsendianusdel Cabo, 100m Queretaro, W of Jalpan, I,OOOm Queretaro, WofJalpan, I,300m Hidalgo, MEX-45, km79, 2,OOOm Coahuila, San Antonio ncar Sacramento, 650m Coahuila, Viesca, 1,250m Zacatecas, Concepcion del Oro,2,400m San Luis POtOSI, Charcas, 2,IOOm
601 sp.
609 latispinus Baja California, San 1252b latispinus Domingo Queretaro, Vizarron, I260a latispinus Zacatecas, Trancoso, 2,300m Oaxaca, Nievesrrlacotepec,
1271 pilosus San Luis POlosi, Ciudad Maiz, 1,200m 1951a echidne
I294a hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus Nuevo Leon, Presa
1321c recurvus Rodriguez Gomez, 350m 1951b histrix Puebla, EI Papaya, I,300m Hidalgo, belween Gilo and Almolon, 1,500m Hidalgo, Barranca above Gilo,l,650m Hidalgo, Barranca above Gilo, 1,650m
1337a macrodiscus
1342a reeurvus 1350a haematacanthus 1,750m 1355d macrodiscus Oaxaca, Tomellin Pass, 1966 macrodiscus subsp. Guanajuato, Pozos, 2,300m 2,200m seplenlrionalis Oaxaca, MilIa, 2,050m 1967a latispinus Puebla, Puerto del Aire, I980a latispinus Guanajuato, Pozos, 2,300m Guanajuato, Dolores Hidalgo, 2,OOOm
Oaxaca, E of Tejupan, 1983a latispinus
Guanajuato, San Diego, 1,900m 2,350m 1378a macrodiscus subsp. Guanajuato, La Posta, 1998 macrodiscus subsp. Guanajuato, Canada de septentrionalis 2350m septenlrionalis Moreno, 2,300m I397b latispinus Queretaro, Sanjuan del 2007a histrix Guanajuato, Doctor Mora, Rio, I,800m 2,300m
1411a latispinus San Luis Potosi, Rancho 2020b latispinus Moreno, 1,650m Guanajuato, E of San Luis de la Paz, 2,150m
1432b echidne (victoriensis) Tamauilipas, Barranca near 2020c histrix La Reja, 850-1 ,200m
1438 echidne San Luis Potosi, pass above 2030 histrix Sauz, 1,IOOm Guanajuato, E of San Luis de la Paz, 2,I50m San Luis Potosi, Labor del Rio. 1,700m
1463a latispinus Pucbla, Tecocoyuca, 2033a histrix 1,500m Mexico state, Santa 2034b latispinus Catarinaffezcoco, 2,450m San Luis Potosi, Organitos, \,750m San Luis Potosi, Ordena, 1,750m
1537 hamatacanthus 1554a wislizeni Chihuahua, Cayane, 1,500m 2038b histrix Chihuahua, FloreslRio Guanajualo, Rincon Tierra Blanca,2,050m
1589 poltsii Santa Clara, 1,750m 2041b histrix Chihuahua, La Bufa/Rio Batopila, I, 150m 2045 histrix Guanajuato, Capulin, 2,150m Guanajuato, EI Puerto, 2,250m
1602a macrodiscus subsp. Guanajuato, La Posta, 2054b histrix septentrionalis 2,350m Guanajuato, Labor de Gamboa, 2,300m
1625c latispinus Hidalgo, Santa Catarina/ 2068c echidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas,San Pachuca, 2,500m Vicente/Palmillas, 2,OOOm
l644a macrodiscus Oaxaca, Tomellin Pass, 2106 wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sonora, S of Obregon, 2,100m 650m
1677a recurvus 1678a hamatacanthus
1678b latispinus
1708a glaucesccns 1736a latispinus
1736b histrix
1737b histrix
1757a histrix Oaxaca, Tamazulapan, 2109a alamosanus Sonora, San Bernardo,
2,000m Puebla, Xuchiapa, IAOOm 2112a alamosanus 450m Sonora, NW of San
Puebla, Guadclupe Enriquez, 2,300m 2115b wislizeni
Bernardo, 1,300m Sonora, Navajo, 100m Puebla, Guadelupe 2118b wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sonora, EI Peon, 60m Enriquez, 2,300m 2127c latispinus Guanajuato, Trancas, Hidalgo, Trancas, 2,300m 2,050m
Zacatecas, Cerro el Moro, 2127d histrix 2,250m Guanajualo, Trancas, 2,050m
Zacatecas, Cerro el Moro, 2131a histrix 2,250m Guanajuato, EI Vergel, 2,150m
Aguascalientcs, San Gil, 2139 latispinus 2,IOOm Jalisco, Huechuquilla, 2140 histrix 2,IOOm San Luis Potosi, Ojo CalientelEl Toro, 1,900m San Luis Potosi, Ojo Caliente/EI Toro, 1,900m
1791a pilosus Nuevo Leon, Aramberri, 2148d echidne I,300m Hidalgo, Barranca Xilitla/Gilo, I,300m
1800a echidne (victoriensis) Nuevo Le6n, Zaragoza, 2158c pilosus 1,700m San Luis Potosi, Guadalcazarcrossing,
1816b latispinus 1816c histrix Queretaro. Colon, 2,100m
1,600m Queretaro, Colon, 2, 100m 2160a echidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas, Tula, 1,500m
1823a histrix
1825b histrix Queretaro, S of Los Trigos, 2164c hamatacanthus Coahuila, Muralla, I,350m
2,250m
2195 gracilis subsp. coloratus BCN, Chametla, 10m Queretaro, Carboneras, 2199a peninsulae subsp. BCS, San Jose del Cabo, 2,250m townsendianus 100m
1845 hamatacanthus San Luis Potosi, MEX-49 2254a histrix junction San Agustin, 1,950m 2258a histrix
1868 cchidne (victoriensis) Tamaulipas, Tula-Ocampo
1878a latispinus
1878b histrix pass, 1,700m San Luis Potosi, Villa Arriaga, 2,300m San Luis Potosi, Villa
1907b glaucescens Arriaga, 2,300m Hidalgo, Metztitlan, 1,450m 2258b latispinus
2266a latispinus
2270a latispinus Guanajualo, Arroyo del Tejon, 2,OOOm Guanajuato, Rancho Puertecito. 2,200m Guanajuato, Rancho Puertecilo, 2,200m San Luis Potosi, Villa de Reyes, I,850m San Luis Potosi, Leoncito, 1,550m
2270c histrix
2272 echidne
2276a pilosus
San Luis Potosi, Leoncito, 1638 1,550m 1639 San Luis Potosi, Leoncito, 1684 1,550m 1685 San Luis Potosi, Villa 1686 Juarez, \,200m 1687 Nuevo Leon, Escondida, 1688 I,300m 1700 2279a pilosus Nuevo Leon, Escondida, 1828 1,550m 1836 2281a echidne (victoriensis) Nuevo Leon, Zaragoza, 1853 I,MOm 1867
2283a hamatacanthus Nuevo Leon, between 1877 Rayones and Galeana, 1,450m 1906
2296c hamatacanthus Coahuila, Viesca,Sierra Zavaleta, I,200m
2303d hamatacanthus Zacatecas, Saucito, 2,150m
2331a pilosus
2331b hamatacanthus
2335a pilosus
2335b hamatacanthus
2336b hamatacanthus Coahuila, W of Viesca, 1,250m Coahuila, W of Viesca, 1,250m Coahuila, E of Parras, \,900m Coahuila, E of Parras, 1,900m Coahuila, General Cepeda, 1,800m
2349b pilosus
2352b histrix
2352c hamatacanthus
2355a histrix
2365 echidne Nuevo Leon, San Roberto, 1,900m San Luis Potosi, N of Salinas,2,OOOm San Luis Potosi, N of Salinas, 2,OOOm San Luis Potosi, Yoliatl, N of Salinas, 2,IXlOm Queretaro,PenaMiller, IAOOm
Steven 8rack (S8)
50 wislizcni
New Mexico, Sierra County 228 wislizeni Ncw Mexico, Luna County 282 hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus Tamaulipas, Jaumave 319 hamatacanthus suhsp. sinuatus Coahuila, Nueva Rosita 369 histrix Zacatecas, La Blanca 393 hamatacanthus Texas, Crockett County 517 cylindraceus subsp. eastwoodii Arizona, Pinal County 547 recurvus Oaxaca, Totolapan 548 latispinus San Luis Potosi, Salinas 549 latispinus Morelos, Cuautla 819 pilosus San Luis Potosi, Huizache 1096 hamatacanthus Coahuila, Los Imagines 1237 peninsulae subsp. santa-maria RCS, San Carlos 1238 viridescens (subsp. littoralis 'I) BCN, Maneadaro 1244 fordii subsp. borealis BCN, San Quintin 1280 gracilis BCN, EI Rosario 1281 gracilis BCN, Mision San Fernando 1282 gracilis subsp. coloratus BCN, Santa Rosalillita 1283 gracilis subsp. coloratus BCN, Laguna Chapala 1285 peninsulae BCS, NW of San Ignacio 1286 peninsulae subsp. BCS, Ligui townsendianus 1288 emoryi subsp. rectispinus BCS, Bahia Concepcion 1297 emoryi Sonora, W of Sonoita 1480 gracilis subsp. coloratus BCN, EI Tomatil 1481 peninsulae BCS, Sierra de la Giganta, Loreto 1584 latispinus Queretaro, San Luis de la Paz 1610 macrodiscus suhsp. septentrionalis 1618 pilosus Nuevo Leon, Aramherri 1619 pilosus Coahuila, Ramos Arispe 1636 echidne Queretaro, Vizarron 1637 emoryi Sonora, Guasimas emoryi latispinus peninsulae peninsulae peninsulae Sonora, Hermosillo Queretaro, Bernal BCN, EI Progreso BCS, Llano la Laguna BCS, Cerro Colorado
peninsulae
BCN, Cerro Las Venecas peninsulae BCN, Pozo Aleman emoryi subsp. rectispinus BCS, Cerro Colorado wislizeni Arizona, N of Tucson cylindraceus subsp. eastwoodii Arizona, Winkelman recurvus subsp. greenwoodii Oaxaca, E of Mitla wislizeni subsp. herrerae Sonora, Las Guasimas histrix Zacatecas, General Panfilo Natera
cylindraceus Arizona, Queen Valley
Bibliography
Books, Bulletins, Periodicals and Contributors referred to in the main text:
Allgemeinen Gartenzeitung (1841, 1846,1850, 185 I): A. Dietrich, Muehlenpfordt, Salm-Dyck,
Scheidweiler
American Journal of Science (1852): Engelmann
Baja California und seine Inseln (1999):
F. & R. Wolf
Bliihende Kakteen und andere Sukkulente Pflanzen (1903; 1912): liUrke Botany, King's Survey (1871): Parry in Engelmann Bradleya 2 (1984), 5 (1987): N. P. Taylor Bulletin Museum d'Histoire Naturalis Paris (1895, 1898): F. A. C. Weber (Die) Cactaceae 5 (1961): C. Backeberg (The) Cactaceae vols. 3 & 4 (1922 & 1923): Britton & Rose Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives (1998, 2002): N. P. Taylor Cactaceae of the Mexican Boundary Survey (1859): Engelmann Cactaceas y Suculentas Mexicanas (1937,1964, 1965,1966,1978,1980, 1983, 1984, 1987): Bracamontes, H. Bravo-Hollis, J. Meyran, Castillo Sanchez, Sanchez-Mejorada, G. Lindsay Cactae in Horto Dyckensis Cultae Anno 1849 (1850): Salm-Dyck Cactearum Aliquot Novarum en Horto Monvilliano (1838): Lemaire Cacti (1937): Borg Cacti (1952): Y. Ito Cacti of Arizona ed. 3 (1969): L. Benson Cacti US & Canada (1982): L. Benson Cactography (1926): Orcutt Cactus File (1996): S. Barker-Fricker Cactus & Succulent Journal of Great Britain (1979, 1980): G. D. Rowley et aI., N. P. Taylor Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) (1933, 1955, 1968,1972, 1973, 1981, 1984, 1990): H. Cota, R. Foster, H. Gates, C. Glass, A. Lau, G. Lindsay, G. Lyons, McCarten Cactus Handbook (1996): T. Sato Coil. mem.( 1834), De Candolle Colour Encyclopaedia of Cacti (1979): Hirao Contribution from the U. S. National Herbarium (1896, 1909, 1913): Engelmann in Coulter, Britton & Rose Description of the Cactaceae Collected en route near the Thirty-fifth Parallel (1856): Engelmann & Bigelow (Whipple, Railroad Report) Desert (1929): Weinberg Dictionaire d'Horticulture (1896): F. A. C. Weber in Bois Ferocactus (1996) (1955 thesis, unpublished at the time): G. Lindsay (Die) Ferokakteen der Baja California (2004) F. & R. Wolf Flora ofNorth America (1840): J. Torrey & A. Gray
J.Rct: eo.bl. Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen (1898): Schumann (Die) grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas (1992): G. Unger Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cacti (1991): C. Innes & C. Glass (Die) Kakteen (1965): Krainz Kakteen an iliren Standorten (1979): Rauh Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten (1969, 1971, 1974, 1978,1980, 1982, 1983, 1996,1999, 2000): Benson, KrahenbUhl, Miiller, Nase, Unger Kaktus-ABC (1935 pubI. 1936): C. Backeberg & F. Knuth Memoir of a Tour of Northern Mexico in 1846-47 (1848): Engelmann in Wislizenus Memoires Museum d'Histoire Naturalis Paris (1828/9): De Candolle Mexico Forestal (1927): J. G. Ortega Monatsschrift fiir Kakteenkunde (1909, 1912, 1913, 1914): Kunze, R. Meyer, J. Purpus Native Cacti of California (1969): L. Benson J. New York Bot. Gard. (1911): Britton & Rose Nova Acta Physico Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum (1832, 1839): Martius, Pfeiffer Philosophical Magazine (1824): Haworth Proceedings of American Academy of Arts & Science (1856): Engelmann Prodromous Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1828): De Candolle Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (1933): Werdermann in Fedde's Review of Cactaceae of the United States (1899, 1900): Orcutt Synopsis of the Cactaceae of the Territory of the United States and Adjacent Regions (1856): Engelmann Threatened Cacti of Mexico (1994): E. F. Anderson, Salvador Arias Montes, N. P. Taylor West American Scientist (1902): Orcutt
Herbaria
Herbaria where Ferocactus have been deposited
Abbreviation Full title and locality of herbarium
U.Ariz!Ariz. AHFH
CAS DES OS K MolMBG MEXU POM RSA SO UC US ZSS University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA Allan Hancock Foundation Herbarium, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA California Academy of Science, San Francisco, USA Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, USA Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, California, USA Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, UK Missouri Botanic Garden, San Louis, USA Universidad Autonoma de Mexico,Instituto Biologia, Mexico D.E, Mexico Pomona College, Claremont, California, USA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California, USA San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California, USA University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, California, USA United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA Staadtische Sukkulentensammlung, Zurich, Switzerland
