Equatorial Guinea

Reconciliation. This contains provisions that hinder the investigation and effective punishment of those responsible for crimes under international law. The President vetoed the decree later that month.7 However, the government failed to make public information related to military operations during the internal armed conflict (1980-1992) and denied judicial access to military operation files related to the 1981 El Mozote massacre.

In September, a Spanish court convicted a former Salvadoran colonel and former defence minister for the murder of five Jesuit priests in 1989, during the armed conflict.8

WOMEN’S RIGHTS

The total ban on abortion remained in place and until June at least 18 women remained in jail on charges related to obstetric emergencies.

1. El Salvador: Deployment of security forces in the Legislative Assembly raises alarm over the future of human rights (Press release, 9

February)

2. El Salvador: Open letter to President Nayib Bukele regarding measures taken for COVID-19 (Open letter, 30 April)

3. When protection becomes repression: Mandatory quarantines under

COVID-19 in the Americas (AMR 01/2991/2020)

4. Global: Amnesty analysis reveals over 7,000 health workers have died from COVID-19 (Press release, 3 September)

5. El Salvador: Repression and broken promises, the new face of the country after one year of President Bukele's government (Press release, 1 June)

6. Las medidas del gobierno ante la covid-19 han propiciado un entorno violento y hostil para las defensoras de derechos humanos (AMR 29/2560/2020, Spanish only)

7. El Salvador: Las autoridades deben garantizar justicia, verdad y reparación para las víctimas del conflicto armado (AMR 29/1930/2019, Spanish only)

8. El Salvador: Conviction of one of those responsible for the murder of

Jesuit priests must break the chain of impunity (Press release, 11

September)

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Republic of Equatorial Guinea Head of state: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Head of government: Francisco Pascual Obama Asue

The crackdown on human rights defenders continued and administrative obstacles prevented NGOs from obtaining legal registration. The right to a fair trial was violated. Police used excessive force and the right to freedom of expression, including access to information, was violated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Draft legislation threatened to discriminate against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people and sex workers.

BACKGROUND

The government planned to organize international events to attract foreign investment and signed new mining contracts with foreign companies. Corruption and embezzlement continued to hit the headlines. In February, the Appeal Court of Paris upheld a three-year suspended sentence and a €30 million fine against Vice-President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mangue, the President’s son, for embezzlement.

In March, the government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by declaring a state of emergency on health grounds which included rights-restricting provisions. Some restrictions were lifted on 15 June.

The government resigned in August, acknowledging its responsibility for the economic crisis which was aggravated by the pandemic. A new government took over.

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

The authorities violated the right to freedom of expression, including access to information, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In May, the government stopped publishing the numbers of COVID-19 cases,

arguing that the information had been used by its critics to discredit its public health work.

Later in May, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs asked the World Health Organization to withdraw its representative and make sure she left the capital, Malabo, immediately after the government accused her of “falsifying the data” on COVID-19 infections.

On 15 April, Nuria Obono Ndong Andeme, a nurse, was summoned by the Minister of Health about a WhatsApp message she had sent to a friend which went viral. She had complained about the lack of oxygen in Malabo’s Sampaka Hospital. The day after, she appeared before a judge who put her in pretrial detention in Black Beach Prison, in Malabo. She was released without charge on 21 April.

According to Reporters without Borders, seven journalists who worked for the TV channel, Asonga, were suspended in May after they publicly criticized the use of violence by the defence and security forces to impose the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

EXCESSIVE USE OF FORCE

In April, people regularly posted videos on social media which showed the police using violence against people while enforcing the lockdown. Many of those attacked were street sellers, particularly women, whose stalls were destroyed.

RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL

In March, a military court in Oveng Asem (a city on the mainland) convicted 10 men in connection with membership of the Movement for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea Third Republic (MLGE3R), an opposition group. They were sentenced following a trial held behind closed doors to a total of 734 years’ imprisonment for treason, verbal abuse/insult against the head of state, and espionage. Four of them – two Spanish nationals of Equatorial Guinean origin and two Equatorial Guineans resident in Spain –had been abducted in South Sudan and transferred to Equatorial Guinea in November 2019. Their whereabouts remained unknown for several months until they were reported to be in Black Beach Prison and then transferred to Mongomo Prison on the mainland. The Spanish nationals were denied access to their embassy representatives.

HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS

Freedom of association

The authorities continued to place obstacles in the way of NGOs seeking to register their organizations. In 2019, the government had accepted recommendations during the UN Universal Periodic Review process to reform Law 1/1999 which regulates NGO registration, but failed to modify the law.

In June, Somos+, a civil society platform, submitted an application for legal registration to the Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations. Several days later, they were notified by this body that their application should be validated by the General Direction of Human Rights, although such validation is not required by law. In August, Somos+ representatives met with the Interior Minister who interviewed them about their activities and reminded them that they needed to register before they carried out any activities.

Arbitrary arrests and detentions

In February, Joaquín Elo Ayeto, a Somos+ member, was released without explanation from Black Beach Prison where he had been held for almost one year following his arbitrary arrest in February 2019. Although he was tried in 2019 for defamation and threats against the President, he was not given any information about his sentence. He was released on the President’s orders after the President met the Secretary General of the opposition Convergence for Social Democracy Party.

DISCRIMINATION

Draft legislation regulating sex work and LGBTI rights remained under consultation at the ministerial level. Although the draft would prohibit some forms of discrimination, it included a provision to safeguard the “moral integrity of the social majority”, implicitly perpetuating discrimination against LGBTI