The problems

Our previous briefings identified key factors at the heart of the abuse faced by migrant workers:

• The kafala system that binds foreign workers to their employers, restricting workers’ ability to change jobs and preventing many from leaving the country without their employers’ permission.

• Late and non-payment of wages, exacerbating high levels of worker debt caused by illegal and unethical recruitment practices.

• Barriers to obtaining justice for migrant workers whose rights are abused and violated.

• Impunity for abusive employers.

• Poor protection of domestic workers, including weak implementation of the law.

• Prohibition of migrant workers to form and join trade unions.

• Failure to enforce Qatari laws that are supposed to protect workers’ rights.

QATAR’S COMMITMENTS – THE ILO AGREEMENT

In 2014, workers’ groups lodged a complaint against Qatar at the ILO for non-observance of Convention No.29 on Forced Labour and Convention No.81 on Labour inspection.2 In 2017, following further extensive documentation of the abuse of low-paid migrant workers the government signed an agreement with the ILO, committing to a three-year, wide ranging reform process.

Through the partnership, Qatar and the ILO agreed to work together from 2018-2020 to “align [Qatar’s] laws and practices with international labour standards and fundamental principles and rights at work”.3

Reform objectives were set under five key pillars:

• improvement in the payment of wages;

• enhanced labour inspection and health and safety systems;

• replacement of the kafala sponsorship system and improvement of labour recruitment procedures;

• increased prevention, protection and prosecution against forced labour;

• promotion of workers’ voice.

Further details on the commitments made under some of these pillars can be found in chapters 2 – 5 of this report.

2 See text of the complaint, Complaint alleging non-observance by Qatar of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and the Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81), made by delegates to the 103rd Session (2014) of the International Labour

Conference under article 26 of the ILO Constitution, 16 March 2015, Appendix I, p.3 https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--ed_norm/--- relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_348745.pdf 3 Technical cooperation programme agreed between the Government of Qatar and the ILO (2018–20), 2017, p.31, https://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_586479.pdf