16 minute read
7. PROJECT
- TASKS -
GOVERNMENT:
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• NDMA (National Disaster Managment Authority) Would be responsable for the free access to shared information, advise NGO’s and citizens to use their database as a direct source of information about possible exposition to floods.
NGO's:
• Sherhi-CBE Would be responsable for the ecological and social activism around the project, visibilizing urgent ecological issues in the urban context and empower the citizens to take responsability into sustainable and resilient projects.
• OPP Would be advisors and participant in the first Gujjar Nala pilot project, giving feedback and assess replicability and impact of the project with context based expertise.
• KUL (Karachi Urban Lab) Would be responsable for the cooperation between Karachi urban planning entities and create relationships between architect and communities towards different translations of this pilot project to a city level project or global level project.
COMMUNITY;
• West- & East riverside community Would be responsable to chose a spokesman/leader/middleman that would participate to design and creation of the project.
• Spokesman Would be responsable for bringing up the needs and desires of the community through conscensus and put forward to the communities the information and data needed for citizens to make informed descisions.
• Activist Would be responsable for creating space for political discussions about the impact (positive or negative) of the pilot project and create a relation of power to force the attention of the government toward participative projects.
- COLLABORATION DIAGRAM -
100m sample of Gujjar Nala
Our narrative implies that in order to break this loop shown before, sewage, solid waste and uncontrolled housing issues should be solved. Providing for resilient and climatic design housing infrastructure, will avoid that the dwellers ‘’ encroach the space” somewhere else. At the moment of flash floods, these sustainable housing design added to the nala widening, will ensure that this loop gets to a complete cut, but this is a situation that should be dealt with intellectual honesty en sensitivity.
Sewage
Infrastructure Mismanagement
Solid Waste
Urban Floods Space appropriation
Uncontrolled Housing Relocation
Evictions
Migration of the informal communities
Our strategy implies bringing back the communities to their livelihood, but not to the same quality of life. We designed a raised housing structure that would minimize the footprint of the built area on the nala’s and leave free access for public life and work.
The housing structure follows the natural morphology of the nala adapting to the ongoing work of widening, and have a controlled evolution of the existing housing density, creating a new qualitative density, but significantly reduce the footprint of these communities on the nala it self. In fact, we designed spaces for facilities for them to work, produce and clean their living environment, creating what we called the Nala communities.
Solid waste manufacturing yard
Solid waste manufacturing yard
Connection to economic axis
We designed a building that translates the dumping of waste from the formal bridges to a solid waste manufacturing yard. All pedestrians are invited into the Gujjar Nala passing by a workforce of people who collect, recycle, upcycle and turn waste into salable items, such as bricks and with the remaining bio waste , compost would be reused for the regeneration of the nala biosphere.
HOUSING
We have designed a modular concrete structure that would work as a puzzle, to facilitate the replicability of the structure and provide clear instructions on how to build and how much materials would be needed.
The housings can be further developed at any time in the future until the desired end result is achieved. As we do not want to control but guide, The rules they have to follow are to be agreed from collaboration with NGO and CBO, who do have legal liability.
We designed a structure that will allow every unit to have a courtyard, and enable them to build up to 2 floors with a shaded roof space accessible for the residents.
Prefabricated puzzle framing
The average people per household in Gujjar nala is 9.
The capacity of this structure is for 2 households. Each person has 6.8 square meter ground area. So in total, 18 people can inhabit this structure.
We worked with materials that can be found locally such as metal grating floor, corrugated sheets, hollow core slabs and fog-catchers, a neo-vernacular way of catching water, which provides both shading and cooling. This way of working is implemented all over the project.
The total cost per person is 34.140 PKrupees (150 dollars).
The roof, made to protect the structures underneath from seasonal rains and for harvesting, is also a shading element, also for the space that aren’t build yet. Leaving spaces for the public activities.
Corrugated Sheet
Open mesh steel flooring Hollow Core Slab
Fog-Catcher
- INCREMENTAL HOUSING -
We chose for a structure that would omptimize the polyvalency of the incremental housing needed troughout the years. The structure facilitates the use of constructions materials they are already used to work with.
All plots have the same area of 64 square meter yards. Each resident has the freedom to build any kind of house or room layout they wish. With the design, a guiding book would be provided in order to make informed descisions at the moment of building or incrementing their house.
چھوٹی دکان
- 105 -
Our understanding of their use of water made us conclude that water harvesting and filtering was needed in our design.
Grey water would go through a passive water filter made of plants, soil and active coal before taking its course in the nala again. That same water could be reused for daily shores and other not alimentary purposes.
The sewage is directly connected to the new housing structures and the roads beside the building will be made with bricks that will ensure soil permeability in case of rain and floods.
With the use of rainwater and fogcatchers, we make use of cheap and innovative ways to recuperate drinkable water, and free the communities from the time or money spend to get water on a daily basis.
We roughly calculated the amount of water consumed and produced on a autosufficient way after the project.
Average consumption L/capita/day
197
Facade area m²/block (6units)
367
Average drinkable water m³/day
9
People/Household
9,4
Average annual relative humidity
70%
LOWEST DRINKABLE WATER/DAY
367m² X 4L = 1468 L
Harvesting 100%
For 56,4 pers.(6unit)/day = 1468 L For 9,4 pers.(1unit)/day = 156 L
16 L/pers = 8% of daily usage/pers
AVERAGE DRINKABLE WATER/DAY
367m² X 9L = 3 303 L
Harvesting 100%
For 56,4 pers.(6unit)/day = 3 303 L For 9,4 pers.(1unit)/day = 550,5 L
58 L /pers = 29% of daily usage/pers
HIGHEST DRINKABLE WATER/DAY
367m² X 15L = 5 505 L
Harvesting 100%
For 56,4 pers.(6unit)/day = 5 505 L For 9,4 pers.(1unit)/day = 917 L
98 L /pers = 49% of daily usage/pers
Average consumption L/capita/day
197
Average rainwater harvest (1mm x 1m²=1L)
367
m²/Household
55
People/household
9,4
Average rainfall mm/year 146
NON DRINKABLE WATER/DAY
55m² X 146.3mm = 80 465L Rainwater
Harvesting 100%
For 9.4 pers. per day for 1 year = 23,5 L
23,5 L/pers = 12% of daily water usage/pers
29% 12%
DAILY DRINKABLE WATER + DAILY NON-DRINKABLE WATER
41%
DAILY USAGE
BOTH WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES COMBINED
COST/HOUSEHOLD = 129,62 US$/pers (29 116,28 PkR)
DAILY SAVINGS = 53,14 US$/pers (11 936,73 PkR)
We conclude that every household could save money and time from harvesting water. This free time serves for the social cohesion of the communities working around the main objectives of resiliency and autosufficiency.
چھوٹی دکان
- 115 -
- SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES -
The design of the semi private space or ‘street’ between the houses work as a ventilated corridor through the housing strctures. The metal grating floor provides a breeze from the nala in every direction. Also the use of brick jali screen provides privacy and ventilation to the courtyards.
6. PROJECT
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
● 9.36 people/household ● Ca. 40m²/household
Most typical house typology in Gujjar Nala
We have inspired our housing units 1) Courtyards are 1/5 of the housebased on most-typical houses typology in Gujjar nala and have designed the same connection to the 2) Kitchen directly connected to the courtyard street as seen in this floorplan. The different connections are up to the decision of every house-own3) Main room is a polyvalent: living/dining/sleeping er but we have made the ‘street’ connected to the courtyard and further onto the other rooms. 4) Bedrooms are connected to mainroom 5) Chabootra’s are a buffer zones public/private
Courtyards are generally 1/5 of the house and are used for leisure time but also for small businesses such as workshops, textile manufacturing, etc.
The kitchen is directly connected to the courtyard.
Main room is a polyvalent room that could be used for living/dining/sleeping, etc.
Mostly used by women as workspace during the day or for family gathering in the evening and as sleeping room at night. These main rooms are mostly connected to the courtyard.
Bedrooms are connected to mainroom and are used for sleeping and/or storing personal belonings.
GREEN SPACE
The public space is designed to become a green space inviting to rest or walk along the quite shaded nala, we hope to create a spatial agency with the nala and understand the importance of regenerating and protecting the nalas, as an added value for their livelihood.
This spatial agency, would not only be enhanced by the replicability of the projects, but also with the amount of waste that would be taken out of the nalas.
RECYCLING YARD
The recycling yard are designed as such to receive the waste dumped by people from the formal bridge, as it used to happen in an uncontrolled way. We don’t want to control, but guide the process into innovative reuse of waste.
The design is simple, with materials commonly found on site, these are used to ensure the most polyvalent spaces possible in order for the community to organize the space as they want, although they can change the disposition of recycling materials, the different rooms are meant for the different purposes needed for the manufacturing of products, and the architecture, expresses that language.
The recycling yard would recieve waste picked-up by Karachi Metropolitan Corporation workers if needed, in adition to the waste produced by the Nala Communities, all pickers will work together towards cleaning the Gujjar Nala.
The amount and sort of waste will be clear later in the book but will be up to the community and NGO’s to discuss the possible production chain of manufacturing.
The recycling yard would also be open to receive waste from child garbage pickers present on site, they would pick up what we call, technological waste.
This waste could be reused or transformed in workshops together with other children, where they could learn to transform what they pick up and add value to the material they sell.
Small bags of construction waste would also be accepted at the recycling yard, these would be crushed and reused for future construction materials.
This construction materials could come from demolishions or other building waste from ongoing works in the neighbourhood. There is high production of construction materials as people constantly refurbish, increment or build houses and other structures.
Solid waste such as plastic, but also rests of biological waste will be picked up from the nala and sorted in the recycling yard for reuse or repurpose.
The intention is basically to create awareness on the added value that could be created from waste and how much economical and ecological advantages these new dynamics will have.
مکیمک
MANUFACTURING YARD
We want the citizens to be aware of the potential in their waste and reuse or repurpose it in innovative ways. The new spatial agency will make the nala communities thrive economically and enhance the ecological condition of the nala’s. Create an economical hub that would tackle the issue of waste landing in the nala and at the same time, manufacturing materials that could be used for their own spatial agency, the incrementality of their livelihood.
The materials able to be accepted in the recycling yard are mostly produced by household consumption or construction waste.
The collection of waste will be done by KM-workers, particulars and garbage pickers with all sorts of mobility tools.
Biological waste will be reused into compost or crushed for brick manufacturing if possible.
Glass and other sharp materials will be recycled into new materials or repurposed.
Construction materials coming from demolitions.
Plastics are sorted into 2 different groups, depending on their density.
Grinding the materials one by one and put them into a container ready to be mixed.
Upcyling of material will be done by local workers together with NGO’s and educational activities.
Mixing the materials in the right amount to make a paste.
That paste will then be poured into a mold that will give it the shape of any brick wanted.
The biological waste that could not be recycled or repurposed will be composted.
Drying the bricks will happen in less than 5 hours. these bricks will then be place on pallets.
The pallets produced will be used for other incremental projects.
The pallets produced will be sold.
The compost material will be used to plant greenery along the nala.
CRUSHING
Once the waste is sorted in its respective containers, hard plastics and construction materials go through a crusher.
The crushed materials will go to a new container, from which a mixture will be made depending on the dimensions of the brick.
MIXING
A mixture will be made from the technical waste and the construction materials added to water and cement if needed will make the paste that will be molded into bricks.
MOLDING
Economical activities using molds were present on site, although these men were pouring melted metals to shape objects, the molds and the sand are found to be commonly used on the site.
These molds are made by themselves and could take an important place in the manufacturing of the bricks.
SHAPING
The molds would be used to shape the mixtures of construction materials with others waste products.
These endeavours could be fullfilled by all the dwellers that can not go far from their home to work. This manufacturing chain could also be very practicle if some specific kind of bricks would be needed on site for an incremental house.
STORING
On either banks of the Gujjar Nala, many examples of usage of temporary coverings like fencing, fabric, asbestos sheets, and screens were seen to extend the living spaces of individual houses.
The resilient character of the locals and the connection of local community with the place makes possible the storage of many pallets of bricks.
In this brick manufacturing chain, we intend to design a space in which all the amount of waste produced by the communities could be transformed and from this strategy, reduce as much as possible the amount of waste ending up in the nalas.
Although this chain is the first one, we consider the designed spaces to be able to work together after replicability of this pilot project.
Recyclable solid waste (kg/day)
13,6
Up-cyclable solid waste (kg/day)
2,75
Biological waste (kg/day)
403
Crushable waste (kg/day)
174
Average annual ralative humidity
70%
MANUFACTURE OF HYBRID BRICKS
35% PLASTIC + 65% BINDING MATERIAL
Mass of crushed material in 1 Brick 0,15 kg
22
11 7
CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH :
If 100% of daily waste is manufactured
174 kg / 0,14 kg = 1243 bricks
1 pallet = 765 bricks
1 pallet = 11,000 -14,000 PKR
MANUFACTURE OF BIO-BRICKS
25% BIO-WASTE + 75% BINDING MATERIAL
22
11 7
NO CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH :
We have studied the manufacture of Bio-waste bricks but need a controlled industrial process in order to get to a brick that could be used as a construction material, the lack of capability on site makes us conclude that an attempt could be made towards manufacturing bio-bricks, but we could not ensure it’s well-functioning.
The amount of bricks produced by recycling waste will considerably reduce the amount of waste ending up in the nalas. If the daily waste is manufactured and sold, 20 persons will be provided with work and consistent salary.
PICKING STORING
س ا دھی یھار
CRUSHING
SORTING DUMPING
چھوٹی دکان
Behind the manufacturing yard, a little platform design to reach the average height of the nala’s where floating objects could be taken out.
Once passed the recycling yard, bridges made out of the same materials used in the pilot project are designed to invite pedestrians to the nala promenade.
