Celebrate The Other Side of Day
Andi Zhang 936076
Growing Uncertainty: Designing with the Viridic in a time of climate change
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I acknowledge and pay my respects to the traditional owners on which land we live and work, and extend my respect to their Elders, both past and present. I would like to also acknowledge the inherent right of First Nations peoples to preserve and care for the Country while continuing to connect and practise the oldest living culture in the world.
ABSTRACT Thesis Statement On March 11, 2019, COVID-19 became a global pandemic, triggering a balance between public health imperatives and individual rights, and the joint development of the climate crisis highlighted the tension and urgency to change demand patterns. Authorities worldwide have responded to the pandemic by a series of restrictions and lockdown strategies, forcing people to change their past communication or travel habits, also increasing people's desire for the outdoor space due to prolonged constrain. However, the high temperature caused by climate change will gradually exceed people's comfort thresholds for outdoor conditions, which will produce varying degrees of reluctance with the outdoor environment. This ambivalence exposes the gap or vacancy between the existing outdoor system and the new change society. Is there a methodology to make outdoor parks adapt to and adjust to our behavioural changes related to pandemic and climate change so as to be able to meet our comfort threshold in the new changing society and climate? This thesis will focus on the natural wilderness parks that have been wedged by industrial and residential zone in Brunswick, aiming to redefining the new usage of the parks in 2050 through the comfort threshold of future social and physical needs, speculate the experience of unexpected after sunset. Exploring growth invokes the landscape aesthetics of the concept of the art form, emphasizing the sensory experience of extending our expectations of planting to the performative landscape.
issue / background research / site character/ exiting plant exploration
/ Part 1
ISSUE
On March 11, 2019, COVID-19 broke out. Authorities around the world responded to the pandemic through a series of restrictions and lockdown strategies. Since March 16, 2020, the work, teaching and communication methods in Melbourne have been forced to be online. Outdoor entertainment has been banned to varying degrees. People have lived for more than 200 days under this change and blockade restrictions. Covid is compelling society to innovate towards the virtual world. This long-term unpleasant restriction suppresses people, and it increases people's desire and demand for real outdoor spaces. However, the temperature will increase of 1.2-1.9 degrees and people in Melbourne will experience an average 16 days greater than 35 degrees. Heatwaves caused by climate change will gradually exceed people’s comfort threshold for outdoor conditions. This in turn will cause people to have varying degrees of reluctance to walk out of their home. The contradiction caused by COVID-19 and the climate crisis has exposed the lack of an outdoor system that adapts to the new changing society. In addition, climate change will affect the natural circulation and habitats of parks and gardens in the future through heatwaves and droughts, which means that the plantation in suburb parks with lower maintenance requirements may no longer be suitable for future survival. A new planting design and park system that adapts to the future society and climate will be needed.
BACKGROUND
Brunswick
Gilpin Park Brunswick
+ + Gilpin Park
+ Sydney Rd
+ CBD In response to the issues raised in the previous
The Gilpin park was a deep pit in the 1840s-
pages, a low-maintenance park, the Gilpin
as a quarry. It was purchased and filled by the
Park in Brunswick, is selected for a speculative
council in 1947.
planting design exploration. This park is informal. Without the designing According to the census 2016, 43.4% of people
and styling of plants, it is more inclined
who live in Brunswick have university or
to natural bush landscapes, large areas of
tertiary institution education, far exceeding
grassland and eucalyptus dominate the park.
the percentages in Victoria (17.8) and Australia (16.1), and the age group 20-39 years in
Nowadays Gilpin park is a wonderful place for
Brunswick make up half of the total. That
dogs, and for holding concerts and events.
makes Brunswick become an inclusive and
Its located near Sydney Rd, which is full
youthful community and hipster hotspot.
of culture and vitality, and this carries the passion of the people of Brunswick.
Brunswick has a strong multi-cultural character, is one of Melbourne's major commercial and nightlife strips, full of art, music and night event.
Music Events Dogs
Youthful Dogs Young People
Dogs Gatherings Dogs Night Time Activities
Dogs
SITE CHARACTER
north wind in winter
stage
Playground
enclosed dog park
residential area
Industrial area
Industrial area
N 0
100m
Entrance
Feature area
Fence or railing
Residential area
Melaleuca armillaris (existing dominant shrub species)
Industrial area
Callistemon linearis (existing dominant shrub species)
Desire path Extent of works
Stage: a semi-enclosed terrain surrounded by a grass dune is located on the north side of the park, which is dominated by lawns, and there is no any trees around. Various night performances were held here, such as Brunswick Music Festival.
Desire path: All desire paths are to create convenience for the residential area on the north side of the park.
Connect to residential areas: The park entrances on the south and east sides are all connected to the residential area on the north side, make the park like a backyard garden.
summer wind rose
winter wind rose
EXITING PLANT EXPLORATIONS Dominant Tree Species
Eucalyptus sideroxylon (Red ironbark)
Observed: rough black bark with gum exudates/ Small pink flower, appear in winter Define dominance: have large among of quantity at the site, and appear in group, with strong visual attraction.
Eucalyptus leucoxylon (Yellow Gum) Observed: green falcate shape leaves/ flowers are pendulous and in pink colour, appear in winter/ globose shape capsules. Define dominance: the tree species with the largest number at the site, with strong visual attraction.
Dominant Shrub Species Melaleuca armillaris (Bracelet Honey-myrtle)
Observed: leaves in an short line shape, 4mm long/ Woody capsules in dense clusters around the branches/ Define dominance: the shrub type with the second largest number of site.
Callistemon linearis (Narrow-leaved Bottlebrush)
Observed: green alternate leaves in linear shape/ flower at the end point of the branch/ Capsules around the stems Define dominance: appear as a group, and it is the shrub type with the largest number at the site.
Dominant Groundcover Species
Zoysia macrantha (Prickly Couch) Observed: leaves glabrous, 1-5mm wide/ flower is spike-like raceme/ Define dominance: the largest quantity ground cover species, cover the whole site and form lawn.
Plantago lanceolata (Plantain)
Observed: a basal clump of entire/ 5 parallel veins/ kind of weed Define dominance: appear as a group, and have strong regeneration ability.
EXITING PLANT EXPLORATIONS Impact on Growth
shredded bark
Sunlight: shade and sunlight affect the growth of some plants. the lawn under the tree shade is not growing well and exposing the mottled ground
Humidity: sunlight direct exposure cause soil water evaporation.
Human interference: after being trampled many times, the grass stops growing and forms a desire path to the residential area.
Landcover material: different mulch material result different soil humidity.
Wind: affect the trunk growth direction and may spread fungus and pests.
analysis / design explorations / precedents/ plant selection criteria / species list
/ Part 2
PRECEDENTS
Green square in Piazza Vecchia /by Piet Oudolf
This garden creates opportunities for people’s night activities through performative planting, lighting and furniture. It proves that the park at night will also has the possibility to support human social and physical needs.
2. GROW /by Daan Roosegaarde
This project shows the beauty of combining light and plants, the created feeling is poetic. It reframes the landscape at nighttime as a living cultural artwork and proves that when after sunset, plants combined with lighting can create atmospheres and feelings that are completely different from those in the daytime.
THEME DERIVATION
COVID
Climate Change
Lockdown and
Hot
other travel restrictions
temperatures and droughts
Excessively longing for the outdoor environment
Out of comfort threshold, people reluctance with the outdoor environment
Site Location
Culture
Commercial and nightlife strips
Art, music and night event
Ambivalence Postpone the travel time to a period of less sun exposure
The park after sunset will be more popular
Night time narrative and performative planting design
DESIGN EVOLUTION First attempt
Divided the landscape by three senses. In the case of reduced vision after sunset, enhance the sense of smell, hearing, and feeling.
Second attempt
Imagine the landscape as a theatre and the permutation and combination of plants as different scenes. Divided the landscape into fore scenes, prologue, foreshadowing, climax and denouement.
protruding terrain planting sketch
Climax scenes sketch
SPECIES LIST - NIGHT Garden Prologue
Feather Spear-grass Austrostipa elegantissima
Swamp Foxtail Grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata
Low cover Fuzzy texture Mystery feeling Fascinating to explore Mainly white colour H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest
0.8-1 m x 0.3-0.5 m semishade to full sun very good very good VIC,NSW,SA,WAV Aug-Dec Foliage, evergreen
0.75-1 m x 0.75 m full sun very good moderately good QLD, NSW Dec-Apr Foliage, evergreen
0.2-0.3 m x 0.1-0.2 m semishade to full sun average moderately good All states other than NT Sep-Jan Flower, , evergreen
Foreshadowing Featherheads Ptilotus macrocephalus
H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
Chinese Jasmine Jasminum polyanthum
Giant Feather Grass Stipa gigantea
0.3-0.6 m x 0.6m full sun very good very good All states other than NT Oct-Dec flower, evergreen
Velvet Groundsel Roldana petasitis
1.5-2.5m x 0.7-1.2m full sun moderately good moderately good Spain, Portugal and Morocco Dec foliage, evergreen
2m x 2m complete range moderately good average Mexico Oct, Nov foliage, evergreen
Tree Aeonium aeonium arboreum 'Schwarzkopf'
Taller plant Add a touch of colour Architectural form Form barrier Limited view field Guide by scent H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
4mx5m semishade to full sun very good very good China Aug-Dec flower, evergreen
1 m x 1-1.2 m semishade to full sun moderately good very good Morocco Jul-Aug foliage, evergreen
Climax
Leafless Rock Wattle Acacia aphylla
H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
Century Plant Agave americana
H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
Clustered Everlasting Chrysocephalum semipapposum
2-3 m x 2 m full sun average very good WA Aug-Oct flower, foliage, evergreen
Mottlecah Eucalyptus macrocarpa
1.5-2 m x 2-3 m full sun very good very good Western Mexico -evergreen, foliage
2-3 m x 2-3 m full sun very good very good WA Sep-Dec evergreen, foliage
0.4-1 m x 0.5-2.5 m full sun moderately good very good all Australian states Se-Feb evergreen, flower, foliage
Moonflower Ipomoea alba
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
25 m x 8-10 m semishade to full sun average moderately good China -foliage, Autumn colour
Apparent at night High contrast Sculptural forms Dramatic Strong interest Shadows of uniquely shaped plants Vertical planting
25 m x 0.5 m full sun average average North and South America Dec-Feb evergreen, flower
Smoke Bush Cotinus coggygria
H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest
Feather Spear-grass Austrostipa elegantissima
3mx4m full sun moderately good very good Mediterranean, Europe Oct-Dec flower, Foliage
0.8-1 m x 0.3-0.5 m semishade to full sun very good very good VIC,NSW,SA,WAV Aug-Dec foliage
Miss Willmott's ghost eryngium giganteum
1 m x 0.7 m full sun average average Caucasus and Iran Dec-Feb foliage
Denouement
Low cover Be suddenly enlightened Clear feeling Distinct edge Open sight
Small Grass Tree Xanthorrhoea minor
H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
Spurred Spear Grass Austrostipa gibbosa
0.4-1 m x 0.5-1 m semishade to full sun very good very good NSW, VIC, SA Nov-Jan evergreen, foliage
1.5 m x 0.75 m semishade to full sun very good average NSW, VIC, SA Oct-Dec evergreen, foliage
Tree Aeonium aeonium arboreum 'Schwarzkopf'
1 m x 1-1.2 m semishade to full sun moderately good very good Morocco. Jul-Aug evergreen, foliage
SPECIES LIST - Moon Stage
Common Rice-flower Pimelea humilis
H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
Golden Billy Buttons Pycnosorus chrysanthes
0.2-0.3 m x 0.2-0.3 m semishade to full sun moderately good moderately good south-eastern Australia Mar-Jun evergreen, flower
Giant Feather Grass Stipa gigantea
Swamp Foxtail Grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
0.4 m x 0.4 m semishade to full sun moderately good moderately good NT, QLD, NSW, VIC, SA Sep-Jan evergreen, flower
0.75-1 m x 0.75 m full sun very good moderately good QLD, NSW Dec-Apr evergreen, foliage
Featherheads Ptilotus macrocephalus
Tasman Flax-lily Dianella tasmanica
Perennial Plants & grasses Reflect the moonlight Lively feeling Tolerant to wind H x W mature: Light: Wind: drought: Origin: Flowering month: Interest:
1.5-2.5m x 0.7-1.2m full sun moderately good moderately good Spain, Portugal and Morocco Dec foliage, evergreen
0.3-0.6 m x 0.6m full sun very good very good all states other than NT Oct, Dec flower
0.75-1 m x indefinite full shade to semishade average average NSW, VIC, TAS Aug-Dec evergreen, foliage
FEATURE PERIOD
Flower
Deciduous period
Night interest level
Feb SUMMER
Feather Spear-grass Austrostipa elegantissima Swamp Foxtail Grass Pennisetum alopecuroides Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata Featherheads Ptilotus macrocephalus Giant Feather Grass Stipa gigantea Velvet Groundsel Roldana petasitis Chinese Jasmine Jasminum polyanthum Tree Aeonium aeonium arboreum 'Schwarzkopf' Leafless Rock Wattle Acacia aphylla Clustered Everlasting Chrysocephalum semipapposum Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
Climax
photo
Miss Willmott's ghost eryngium giganteum Feather Spear-grass Austrostipa elegantissima Smoke Bush Cotinus coggygria Moonflower Ipomoea alba
Denouement
Foliage
Foreshadowing Prologue
Jan
Mottlecah Eucalyptus macrocarpa Century Plant Agave americana Small Grass Tree Xanthorrhoea minor Spurred Spear Grass Austrostipa gibbosa Tree Aeonium aeonium arboreum 'Schwarzkopf'
Mar
A
Apr
AUTUMN
May
Jun
Jul WINTER
Aug
Sep
Oct SPRING
Nov
Dec
Design Outcome
/ Part 3
SPECULATE 2050
Existing trees Existing shrubs Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Leafless Rock Wattle Acacia aphylla Smoke Bush Cotinus coggygria Lawn Grass mound Mixed planting beds Grass planting beds Lawn with shredded bark Timber small path Timber decking Existing walkway Aluminium bench Extent of works
N 0
20m
Prologue Foreshadowing Climax Denouement Linear narrative Events (planting scenes) are shown in chronological order. Non-linear narrative Events (planting scenes) are shown not chronologically or follow the direct causality pattern of the plant featured.
Moon stage
Theatre garden
Imagine the landscape as a theatre and the permutation and combination of plants as different scenes. As the sky darkens, the park is like a drama waiting to be explored by the audience, and is about to begin.....
Longitudinal Section - year 2021
Longitudinal Section - year 2030
Longitudinal Section - year 2050
Under the current situation in 2021, the peak usage of the park is daytime. The temperature in summer will not hinder the travel of most people, But people will avoid noon time if possible. The plant species on the site are monotonous, mainly composed of grassland and eucalyptus.
By 2030, the daily maximum temperature in Melbourne is expected to rise by 1.3 degrees, and people will postpone the time to travel to a period of less sun exposure in order to obtain a temperature close to 2021. Rainfall will also be reduced. Since the existing trees and shrubs on the site are relatively droughttolerant, the changing climate will not have much impact on their survival.
By 2050, the temperature will continue to increase, and the time period of acceptable temperature for travel will continue to be postponed to a later time. The park after sunset will be more popular. The newly selected and planted plants will mature, and will show high contrast even under lower brightness, in order to increase the nighttime interest.
DETAIL ONE - MOON STAGE Autumn
Giant Feather Grass Stipa gigantea (good wind tolerant)
Prickly Couch Zoysia macrantha (existing)
timber
No new proposed shrubs or trees near the moon stage area, so no occlusion around. Is the place that obtains and uses the most moonlight. Low cover plants decorate the protruding terrain of the semi-enclosed stage, and use shredded bark mulch to reduce the soil water evaporate by high-intensity sunlight during the day to support the growth of the lawn. Giant Feather Grass is planted on the north side to form a barrier to reduce the northwind that originally blow through the whole site.
Swamp Foxtail Grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
Prickly Couch Zoysia macrantha (existing)
aluminium
shredded bark
Light from: Moonlight, LED In-ground lighting Lightings hind under golden billy buttons and swamp foxtail grass, combines the moonlight to make the yellow flower ball and Feathery flower heads create the feeling that the plant itself is glowing.
Winter
north wind in winter
Summer
Golden Billy Buttons Pycnosorus chrysanthes
LED In-ground lighting
Moon, garden, stage, performance and my rich nightlife.
THEATRE GARDEN : FORESHADING Autumn
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba (climax area) Giant Feather Grass Stipa gigantea
Featherheads Ptilotus macrocephalus
timber
This area is used as bedding for the climax. Plants are designed to form a barrier to restrict the line of sight, the subsequent scene will follow the barrier leaves blown by the wind partly hidden and partly visible, arousing the audience's interest and curiosity.
Smoke Bush Cotinus coggygria (climax area)
Swamp Foxtail Grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
Light from: Moon light, LED In-ground lighting, Solar LED Street Light, Syphasera outdoor standing lamp The long grass-like lamp fit harmoniously within the selected plant, guiding the way for audience continue to explore the linear narrative planting theatre scenes.
Winter
Summer
Solar LED Street Light
LED In-ground lighting
"What's behind the barrier? What will happen? "
THEATRE GARDEN : CLIMAX Autumn
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
Smoke Bush Cotinus coggygrias
This is the area with the strongest contrast. The shape, color, texture and planting direction of plants form a mixed contrast to building of tension in plant drama, highlighting differences to keep the audience interested.
Century Plant Agave americana
Light from: Moonlight, LED In-ground lighting, Solar LED path light Lightings set behind the sparse branches of the ginkgo and century plant, through the foliage touch the path, create shadows of different shapes.
Moonflower Ipomoea alba
Winter
Leafless Rock Wattle Acacia aphylla
Summer
Mottlecah Eucalyptus macrocarpa
Clustered Everlasting Chrysocephalum semipapposum
Solar LED path light
Fractured narrative: various scenes play out between the different plant characters.
Celebrate The Other Side of Day
Andi Zhang 03/11/2021