22 April 2013
Design Realisation Report Andrea M Giordano Year Four Diploma Unit 15 Fuzzy Bodies
Argan Oil Hammam & Capsule Hotel
Unit 15 Trip November 2012 Moroccan goat herder near Essaouira Note: Argan tree climbing goats in the background
-.-.-
Despina can be reached in two ways: by ship or by camel. The city displays one face to the traveller arriving overland and a different one to him who arrives by sea. When the cameldriver sees, at the horizon of the tableland, the pinnacles of the skyscrapers come into view, the radar antennae, the white and red windsocks flapping, the chimneys belching smoke, he thinks of a ship; he knows it is a city, but he thinks of it as a vessel that will take him away from the desert, a windjammer about to cast off, with the breeze already swelling the sails, not yet unfurled, or a steamboat with its boiler vibrating in the iron keel; and he thinks of all the ports, the foreign merchandise the cranes unload on the docks, the taverns where crews of different flags break bottles over one another’s heads, the lighted, ground-floor windows, each with a woman combing her hair.
In the coastline’s haze, the sailor discerns the form of a camel’s withers, an embroidered saddle with glittering fringe between two spotted humps, advancing and swaying; he knows it is a city, but he thinks of it as a camel from whose pack hang wineskins and bags of candied fruit, date wine, tobacco leaves, and already he sees himself at the head of a long caravan taking him away from the desert of the sea, towards oases of fresh water in the palm trees’ jagged shade, towards palaces of thick, whitewashed walls, tiled courts where girls are dancing barefoot, moving their arms, halfhidden by their veils, and half-revealed.
Each city receives its form from the desert it opposes; and so the camel- driver and the sailor see Despina, a border city between two deserts.
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Italo Calvino Invisible Cities Cities & Desire 3
Contents 0.1.0 0.1.1 0.1.2 0.1.3
Introduction Brief Fuzzy Field Conditions Casting Digital Geometries
0.2.0 0.2.1 0.2.2 0.2.3 0.2.4
Site Location Context Accessibility Strategy
1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16
Building Forms & Systems Project Development Programmatic Arrangement Circulation & Accessibility Courtyard Staircase Means of Escape Concrete Shell Construction Case Study Thin Cast Concrete Shell Case Study Ship Construction Case Study Timber Construction Case Study Hammam Case Study Construction Methods Tree & Treehouse Configuration Timber Monocoque Capsule Concrete Cladding Compressive Shell Structure Strategy Spanning Structure Strategy
Draft Submission GAP01 rev-- River Level Plan GAP02 rev-- City Level Plan GAP03 rev-- Upper Level Plan GAS01 rev-- Hotel Section 01 GAS02 rev-- Hammam Section 02 GAS03 rev-- Hotel/Hammam Section 03
GAP01 revAA GAP02 revAA GAP03 revAA GAS01 revAA GAS02 revAA GAS03 revAA
Final Submission River Level Plan City Level Plan Upper Level Plan Hammam & Market Section AA Capsule Hotel Section BB Argan Grove & Hotel Office Section CC
2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21
Building Construction Report Focus Rationalised Fuzzy Field Rationalised Building Geometry Concrete Material Specification Timber Material Specification Timber & Concrete Material Specification CDM Health & Safety Structural Element Setting-Out Composite Concrete Prefabricated Elements Sheet Pile Retaining Wall Hotel Capsule Construction Sequence Market/Hammam Key Junctions Market/Hammam Details Market Plug Element Drainage Pool Capsule Hotel Key Junctions Hotel Capsule Capsule Hotel Details Grove/Offices Key Junctions Grove/Offices Details Water Ingress Interstitial Condensation & Insulation
3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09
Building Performance Human Comfort Thermal Comfort Hammam Strategy Air Quality Ventilation Strategy Hotel Capsule Strategy Hammam Ventilation Solar Gain Solar Shading
3.10 Rainfall Precipitation 3.11 Drainage Strategy 3.12 Energy Strategy 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07
Building Delivery Planning & Financial Context Project Scenario Selecting a Procurement Strategy Contractual Relationship with the Client The Role of the Architectural Practice Architectural Practice Team Structure The Role of the Contractor/s
0.1.0
Introduction
This section introduces the project brief, principal design concepts, and site.
0.1.1
Introduction Concept Brief Argan Oil Hammam & Capsule Hotel in Fez, Morocco
Situated in Fez, Morocco, Place Lalla Yeddouna was recently the site of an international open architecture competition organised with the financial support of the United States of America which called for “[...]a vibrant mixeduse urban hub for the community as well as visitors to the Medina.�1 This proposal focuses on the building as an initiative for the production and use of argan oil, a local product of the area, produced from argan kernels grown nowhere else in the world. This mixed use proposal consists of public gardens, market stalls, an argan oil production facility, an argan oil therapy hammam, a restaurant and capsule hotel. This report aims to describe the conceptual design intentions whilst focusing on the structural principles to better inform an architectural language relating to fluid geometries, ergonomics, and fuzzy field conditions. Fez Medina, Morocco
1. Place Lalla Yeddouna A Neighborhood in the Medina of Fez, Morocco. International open project competition in two phases. http://www.projectcompetition-fez.com/projects_projectcompetition-fez_ home_e.htm Accessed 28 Dec 2012
0.1.2
Introduction Concept Fuzzy Field Conditions
Fez is a dense city of contrasting dichotomies. A walk through the medina is a visually stimulating experience of sharp lighting contrasts produced by varying brise soleil fabrication techniques to fend off the scorching sun. Public paths - rather than streets - between, over, and under solid and void masses typically branch with stark contrast into private spaces barricaded to the ordinary. Through a short and narrow, almost nonexistent threshold, the senses are dramatically taken into a sublime and intricately ornate space. This proposal aims to stimulate, intrigue, and tempt the senses both visually and physically.
Polymorph Modelling
Fluid Field Render
Fluid Geometries from a quad grid
0.1.3
Introduction Concept Casting Digital Geometries
Initial studies have been conducted to physically reproduce digital geometries. This resulted in the 3-axis milling of a digital geometry, thus producing a physical artefact. The negative artefact was then produced with a silicon/rubber mixture and used as a mold to cast numerous plaster replicas of the original digitally designed element.
0.2.0
Introduction Site
Place Lalla Yeddouna is a key square linking two portions of the dense urban fabric of Fez, Morocco divided by the Oued Al Jawahir River. It is an integral part of the old city of Fez, otherwise known as the Medina. A short walk down narrow passages leads to a nearby square named as-Seffarine - or Blacksmith Square - where blacksmiths not only craft brass pans and cookware, but also sell them out of small hole-in- the-wall shops overlooking the square.
Tannery Riverside
Tannery Riverside
Stairs to the main street
0.2.0
Introduction Site
Since the competition opened internationally in August 2010, many buildings on the site have been demolished to make way for a series of new architectural proposals, and it is cordoned off as a construction site at present.
View from the bridge
0.2.1
Introduction Site Location
Fez is the second largest city of Morocco, with a population of approximately 1 million (2010). It is the capital of the Fès-Boulemane region. Fas el Bali is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its medina, the larger of the two medinas of Fes, is believed to be the world’s largest contiguous car-free urban area. Al-Qarawiyyin, founded in AD 859, is the oldest continuously functioning madrasa in the world.1
Fez Medina, Morocco
Morocco Atlas Mountains Medina New Town Fez, Morocco
Site Place Lalla Yeddouna Site
Fez Medina, Morocco
Fez Medina, Morocco Aerial Photograph 1985, Bruno Barbey, Magnum Photos
1. Fes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fes Accessed 13 Mar 2013
0.2.2
Section Scale 1:1250@A3
Chuara Tanneries
Parking Lot
Proposal Site
Competition Site Outline
Place Lalla Yeddouna
Pedestrian Bridge
Oued Al Jawahir River
Plan Scale 1:1250@A3 N
Introduction Site Context
ap pr oa ch cit y
0.2.3
brid ge app roa ch
river approach
Introduction Site Accessibility
The site is accessible from three approaches. The main approach is from the city centre to the north west of the site. The second approach is from the south eastern pedestrian bridge. The third approach is via the river bank where tannery workers clean goat carcasses to commence the tanning process. The route between the bridge approach and city approach acts as a major throughway on the site. All approaches are restricted to automobiles, although a parking lot is nearby to the north east of the site.
0.2.4
slo pe
slope existing circulation improve circulation
pus h
slope
inter act
erect ge fronta hotel
erect three story building articulate & use landscape interact with circulation
Introduction Site Strategy
The main site strategy at an urban scale is to improve circulation routes and maintain the existing. It is particular important to not produce a scheme which is contentious to the unique charm which the medina holds, much to do with it’s narrow paths and chaotic circulation. At an architectural scale, a building should be erected that does not interrupt the views and condition of the urban fabric. For this reason, the erected building will remain relatively small in mass. Programmatic functions will thus take place below the articulated public landscape forming an interesting relationship between public and private functions.
1.00
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems
This section illustrates and defines the building project’s principle design strategies for overall layout, spatial and structural strategies.
1.01
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Project Development
The geometries of the building take base from a grid of quads. This grid forms the basis of a field condition. The grid is distorted and stretched in specific areas by from simple distinguishable forms. These stretched areas are where the building fabric takes a fuzzy nature, a fuzzy field condition.
1.02
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Programmatic Arrangement
argan oil production hammam administration lobby kitchen bar argan tree grove hotel market restaurant
1.03
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Circulation & Accessibility
ci ty
Circulation is split between public and private, and semi private use. In public terms, the building acts as a landscape and bridge under the existing accessibility and throughways of the site. The building interacts with the general public by creating a field of domes and columns which in turn function as both structure and climatic triggers. There is a sharp public/private created by “sandwiching� the public market and gardens between the private hammam and hotel spaces. Private circulation is thus situated vertically, connecting the private functions above and below the public programme. The circulation takes form as a central staircase and lift within the external courtyard. tanne ries
Accessibility to the private programme of the building is situated at river level in the form of a main entrance to a lobby space.
private
lift
Wheelchair access is via the lift.
s kirt uts o l ntia ide res
public
1.04
A courtyard central staircase will provide vertical circulation and a means of escape to users inhabiting the hotel capsules and terraced restaurant on the upper levels.
uppe r lev el +8 .4m
city leve l +4m
0m l+ ve e l er riv
e nc tra n e in ma
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Courtyard Staircase
1.05
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Means of Escape
The building’s internal circulation and main entrance allow for means of escape in the case of a fire to be in tolerance with a 25 metre radius at river level with exception to the deepest space of the hammam, the hot room.
uppe r leve l +8.4 m
city level +4.0 m
t exi
river level +0.0 m
25m rad ius
It must be mentioned that this space has an extremely high level of humidity and is fabricated almost entirely from concrete and other non-flammable materials. Thus planning approval could surely be mitigated.
1.06
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Concrete Shell Construction Case Study
Taichung Opera House Toyo Ito under construction due for completion in 2013
expanded metal mesh as a permanent back shutter to which the reinforcement mesh is affixed
1.07
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Thin Cast Concrete Shell Case Study
Shin Egashira Maeda Twisting Concrete
prep
laying concrete
stitched together
left to cure
CNC cut timber elements
negative surface
singular elements
final wall
1.08
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Ship Construction Case Study
Ship building techniques & monocoque structures Architecture is expressed in part by gravity and structural dynamics, while ships are formed from fluid dynamics, yet both adhere to structural forces and are fabricated inhabitable masses.
Steel Frame Welding
Timber Frame Boat Construction
The “Forest Terrace� Saitama, Japan
1.09
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Timber Construction Case Study
Metropol Parasol J. Mayer H. Architecture Sevilla, Spain
Upper Floor
Elevation NTS
Under Construction
Parellel Projection Detail
Detail NTS
1.10
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Hammam Case Study
76 Jermyn Street David Urquhart London Established 1862
section NTS
plan NTS Hot Room
Tepid Room
Disrobing Area
Hot Room
Tepid Room
1.11 single surface stitched reinforced concrete shell
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Construction Methods
timber frame capsules and concrete cladding
Two methods of construction are present with the building; reinforced concrete shell and ribbed timber monocoque construction. single surface stitched reinforced concrete shell
timber frame capsules and concrete cladding
drainage pool elements
single surface stitched reinforced concrete shell
The reinforced concrete shell method forms the main structure - or otherwise “tree” - of the building. It is composed almost entirely from pre-cast modular elements produced in a controlled environment offsite. The elements are transported to the site, set into place with temporary structures, and subsequently stitched together with high density concrete and pre-fabricated steel reinforcement cages. The ribbed timber monocoque construction forms the secondary structure - or otherwise “treehouse” - of the building and is also produced primarily offsite in a controlled environment. The elements are to be machine cut with precision with a CNC mill. The capsule’s cladding is to be thin non-structural concrete elements, hung from the monocoque structure. These elements are to be produced entirely offsite in a controlled environment. Each element is bespoke and thus CNC milled foam formwork will be utilised to shape the complex geometries.
sheet pile and reinforced concrete retaining wall (possible underpinning required to neighbouring buildings dependant on accurate survey)
1.12
the tree main structure monocoque capsule treehouse capsule cladding
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Tree & Treehouse Configuration
1.13
window
structure
bed
toilet bath
laminated timber rib
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Timber Monocoque Capsule
The ribbed timber monocoque construction forms the secondary structure. It is produced primarily off-site in a controlled environment. The elements are to be machine cut with precision with a CNC mill. note: coloured gradients indicate surface curvatures
1.14
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Concrete Cladding
The capsule’s cladding is to be thin non-structural concrete elements, hung from the monocoque structure. These elements are to be produced entirely off-site in a controlled environment. Each element is bespoke and thus CNC milled foam form-work will be utilised to shape the complex geometries.
capsule structure facade dry-joint concrete skin element
note: coloured gradients indicate surface curvatures
1.15
load to ground
dome
column
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Compressive Shell Structure Strategy
The building, with exception to the hammam dome structure, is entirely supported by a single surface compressive reinforced concrete dome and column structure. Each dome is supported by four columns. The top of each dome then acts as a base for the columns supporting the upper level structure.
1.16
Plan
section
axonometric from below
initial quad grid
internally offset
offset extruded upwards
column top pushed downwards
columns connected to ground
hypernurbs smoothing
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems Spanning Structure Strategy
The hammam portion of the building has a structural strategy which relates to the digital modelling technique employed. The initial grid is internally offset, pulled upwards creating domes, and the pillar is pulled down from the one square which was not offset internally. The final step involves smoothing the rigid surface with the Hypernurbs tool in Cinema4D, which subdivides the surfaces and applies a bezier curve formula.
revision series --
Plans & Sections Initial Section 1 Submission issue date 18 March 2013
GAP01 Revision --
4
N
3
River Level Plan scale 1:200@A3 issue date 18 March 2013
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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kitchen courtyard seating area bar toilets entrance threshold entrance existing bridge structure store stairs to upper levels reception canopy above offices argan production benches storage rooms hammam plant room derobing area tepid area hot area ramp to city level
GAP02 Revision -N
City Level Plan scale 1:200@A3 issue date 18 March 2013
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hotel capsule stairs from lower level drainage pool argan street market market stall base hammam steam outlet public garden ramp to river level pedestrian bridge
GAP03 Revision --
1 2
N
Upper Level Plan scale 1:200@A3 issue date 18 March 2013
3 4
5
1 2 3 4 5
terraced restaurant bath capsule elevated circulation overlooking market
GAS01 Revision --
Hotel Section scale 1:200@A3 issue date 18 March 2013
1
2 upper level +8.40m 4
3
city level +4.00m 5
6
7 river level +0.00m
water level -2.75m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
capsule balcony street market capsule entrance kitchen lobby courtyard bar
GAS02 Revision --
Hammam Section scale 1:200@A3 issue date 18 March 2013
upper level +8.40m
1 city level +4.00m
2
3
4 river level +0.00m water level -0.30m
1 2 3 4
public garden hammam storage argan oil production space
GAS03 Revision --
Hammam/Hotel Section scale 1:200@A3 issue date 18 March 2013
1
2
3 upper level +8.40m
4
5
6 city level +4.00m
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8
9 river level +0.00m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
overlooking market services column restaurant public garden street market hotel capsule hammam - tepid hammam - derobing hotel lobby
revision series AA
Plans & Sections Final Report Revision issue date 22 April 2013
GAP01 Revision AA N
5
River Level Plan scale 1:200@A3 issue date 22 April 2013
11 21
1 4 2
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plant room hammam hot room hammam tepid room argan oil treatment space maintenance access office access storage wall derobing space 01 derobing space 02 male toilet storage element female toilet lift reception main entrance maintenance access fire exit worker bench overhead canopy external seating area office louvred window element
GAP02 Revision AA
City Level Plan scale 1:200@A3
N
issue date 22 April 2013
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6 7
11
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9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
argan tree grove market stall base drainage pool hammam steam outlet lift public garden capsule toilet capsule bath capsule bed pedestrian bridge ramp to river level
Upper Level Plan scale 1:200@A3
N
GAP03 Revision AA work-in-progress
issue date 22 April 2013
1 2
kitchen restaurant
1
2
GAS01 Revision AA
Hammam & Market Section AA scale 1:200@A3 issue date 22 April 2013
1
upper level +8.40m
2
city level +4.00m
3
4
5
6
river level +0.00m
1 2 3 4 5 6
hotel capsule argan market plant room argan hammam storage argan oil production space
GAS02 Revision AA
Capsule Hotel Section BB scale 1:200@A3 issue date 22 April 2013
1
upper level +8.40m
2
3
4
5
city level +4.00m 6
7
8
9
river level +0.00m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
kitchen balcony argan market atrium circulation hotel capsule plant room toilet lobby bar seating area
GAS03 Revision AA
Argan Grove & Hotel Office Section CC scale 1:200@A3 issue date 22 April 2013
upper level +8.40m
city level +4.00m
1 2 3
4
5
river level +0.00m
1 2 3 4 5
public circulation argan tree office storage hotel office river access
2.00
Section 2 Building Construction report focus
This section illustrates and defines the building project’s material specification, use and performance as well as processes involved through manufacture, fabrication, construction and assembly.
2.01
superseded fuzzy field condition
revised fuzzy field condition
unnecessary bulge
Section 2 Building Construction Rationalised Fuzzy Field
A revised fuzzy field was developed after the initial Section 1 submission. It became evident that in order to reduce costs - and not have a project made entirely from bespoke form-work - identical prefabricated elements are to be utilised in a quad grid, and bespoke form-work only utilised in key spaces.
landscape developed in section rather than in plan
varying quads
fuzzy field evident
awkward geometries
rationalised grid
unnecessary hole
courtyard not confined to predetermined hole in grid
In the previous quad grid geometry, not one quad matched another thus only referring to structural setting out. The improved fuzzy field precisely identifies where identical prefabricated elements are to be set and which portions of the building are in fact based on bespoke form-work.
2.02
superseded geometry & general arrangement
revised geometry & general arrangement
The building geometry, although rather similar to the superseded version, is a result of the revised fuzzy field and programmatic improvements after the initial Section 1 submission. The rationalised fuzzy field (ref section 2.01) will allow for simplified and more accurate tender documentation, and the revised spatial arrangement - as listed below with reference to the diagrams to the left - and programmatic considerations subsequently propose a stronger building design.
roof level roof level
Section 2 Building Construction Rationalised Building Geometry
1 2 upper level
3 upper level 4
6
5
7
city level
city level 8 9 10
12 11
13 14
15 16
17
river level river level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
added kitchen facility upper level walkway canopy cover extended developed market pools (ref section 2.14) increased use of space circulation resolved developed argan grove added plant room added maintenance access added fire exit developed work benches added changing rooms added massage space added toilet developed lift developed main stairs added office space
2.03
Section 2 Building Construction Concrete Material Specification
Composite concrete construction
AA School,, Shin Egashira, Maeda Twisting Concrete
Rolex Learning Centre, SANAA
Capsule Cladding
Hotel Lobby
2.04
Section 2 Building Construction Timber Material Specification
Timber rib & skin fabrication
Bae Sehwa Steam Bench
Bae Sehwa Steam Bench
Market Plug
2.05
Section 2 Building Construction Timber & Concrete Material Specification
Composite concrete and timber construction
Unire Rome, Italy
Unire Rome, Italy
hotel capsule concrete cladding fixed to timber rib structure
2.06
Section 2 Building Construction CDM Health & Safety
The CDM coordinator
The Architect
The Construction Site
The Hammam & Capsule Hotel
As the construction process will involve large scale excavation on site, measures will be taken to ensure safe conditions for workers and the general public.
The architect is responsible for liaising with the CDM coordinator and making sure all potential hazards are eliminated prior to construction of the building. There should be a clear understanding of who is at risk and what the risks are at all times.
Heavy machinery will be utilised such as a sheet piling rig, an excavator, a cement mixer, and a minimum 30 metre reaching crane.
The upper level walkways and market stall bases on the courtyard boundary create potential risk from falling and slipping. Handrails and balustrades will be designed in a way to ensure a safe building environment and comply with Building regulations.
Under the Construction Design Management regulations, the design team is obliged to evaluate all potential hazards during construction. Risk assessment prior to beginning the project will identify the key problems related to the scheme and ensure measures are taken to produce a design that solves these issues. A CDM coordinator must be appointed within the design team to make sure health hazards are prevented. He/ she will be responsible for the preparation of a health and safety file for the project and liaising with the client, architect and contractors/ subcontractors. Regular checks and monitoring will be undertaken regarding the maintenance of the building, construction process, and potential risks.
The architect will be responsible for making regular site visits and inform the rest of the design team of potential hazards. Attention should be paid not to expose the public to any risks related to construction method. Therefore, clear signage and barriers location will be set up prior and during the construction process. An Environmental Impact Assessment will be undertaken by an independent body before the start of the project to identify potential environmental hazards posed by the proposal.
Materials and prefabricated components are to be crane lifted from the main access point located on the northern part of the construction site. Heavy prefabricated elements are to be carefully transported at height, thus should be monitored and health and safety equipment supplied where needed. Additional scaffolding should be provided to ensure workers are protected at height. Accidental falling materials could be extremely dangerous, therefore clear protected zone within the construction compound perimeter should be provided. No unauthorised access will be allowed during the construction to protect passers-by. Health and safety training must be also provided for staff and construction workers.
Access to the roof level will be for maintenance only. A retractable ladder and man-safe system will be provided. Access to service areas, such as the Plant room will be limited so no public will be allowed..
2.07
fuzzy grid elements requiring custom geometries
Section 2 Building Construction Structural Element Setting-Out
Having an accurate grid at early stages of design allows structural setting out to benefit greatly in the initial stages of construction. It also allows for the contractors and quantitative surveyors to produce a more accurate cost analysis at tender stage which subsequently improves construction times and the reduces the risk of change whilst on site.
2.08
prefabricated steel reinforcement cages.
Section 2 Building Construction Composite Concrete Prefabricated Elements
1
pre-cast element type03
pre-cast element type01
2
3
in situ high density concrete
4
pre-cast element type02 construction sequence
5
The reinforced concrete shell is composed almost entirely from pre-cast modular elements produced in a controlled environment off-site. The elements are transported to the site, set into place with temporary structures, and subsequently stitched together with high density concrete and prefabricated steel reinforcement cages.
2.09
1
sheet piling rig in operation
1
2 3
2
3
concrete footing
sheet pile retaining wall scale 1:100@A3
distance from existing building depending on accurate site surveys, the existing buildings may require costly underpinning and subsequently a trench which is thick enough for the piling rig to operate without harming the existing building. steel sheet pile dimensions in accordance to specialist specifications. pile depth dimensions in accordance to specialist specifications.
Section 2 Building Construction Sheet Pile Retaining Wall
Prior to excavation, the site boundary is to be surveyed, and inspected with relation to the surrounding building foundations. This will undoubtedly cause design modifications, but in any case, the scheme is to provide a retaining wall to surrounding the building site on all sides besides the north-east facing river bank. This will result in a plane working site for structural setting out points. This sheet pile retaining wall will be permanent and remain over the length of the building’s life-span.
2.10
Section 2 Building Construction Hotel Capsule Construction Sequence
The construction sequence displayed in frames extracted from the attached construction animation.
set columns
cast plinth
set element type 01
stitch element type 01
cast plinth
set capsule base
install framework
install bath element
install floor
install internal element
install internal element
install internal element
install internal ceiling
install roof
install structure
fully enclosed capsule
install facade elements
install facade elements
install facade elements
set element type 01
stitch element type 01
1
2.11
1 2
2
3 4 5 3 4
5
AA1
AA2
AA3
AA4
hotel capsule see section BB1 hotel capsule window bespoke timber joinery pedestrian walkway insitu reinforced concrete retaining wall sheet piles steam production boiler assembly note: specs TBC
Section 2 Building Construction Market/Hammam Key Junctions
section AA scale 1:100@A3
2.12
4 1
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3 4 5 6
6 7
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platform main structure laminated timber ribbed structure platform support stainless steel square tube drainage filter stainless steel platform floor artisan timber and sheet metal fabrication main structure 200mm steel reinforced concrete pool base 100mm concrete screed and waterproof barrier pool support laminated timber ribbed structure anchored to main structural shell hammam finishing surface artisan copper and ceramic tiles hammam floor joint-less ceramic tiles on stainless steel frame workers bench prefabricated concrete element from CNC milled geometries pedestrian walkway insitu reinforced concrete under-floor drainage inclined 100mm concrete screed capillary break granular fill main structure footing reinforced concrete note: depth to be specified by structural engineer
Section 2 Building Construction Market/Hammam Details
Detail Section AA1-AA4 scale 1:50@A3
2.13
pool landscape plug element
concrete shell concrete bench elevated porous floor concrete slab capillary layer soil
Section 2 Building Construction Market Plug Element
2.14
Section 2 Building Construction Drainage Pool
1
Drainage Pool Detail sectional parallel projection Particular attention is focused on the public market and dome gardens and the resulting detail required for the proposed architectural language.
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platform decking steam bent 25mm timber platform main structure laminated timber ribbed structure pool base 100mm concrete screed and waterproof barrier pool support laminated timber ribbed structure anchored to main structural shell main structure 200mm steel reinforced concrete bench cast concrete element floor joint-less cast concrete tiles on stainless steel frame rainwater drainage waterproof membrane capillary break granular fill main structure footing reinforced concrete note: depth to be specified by structural engineer soil specified by geotechnical engineer
2.15
Section 2 Building Construction Capsule Hotel Key Junctions
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6 BB1
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BB2
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BB5
elevated circulation laminated timber ribbed structure main structure 200mm steel reinforced concrete external stair laminated timber ribbed structure market stall base laminated timber ribbed structure anchored to main structure circulation skin timber retaining wall sheet piles toilet skin artisan sheet metal toilet door timber toilet timber circulation footing reinforced concrete piles
section BB scale 1:100@A3
2.16
Section 2 Building Construction Hotel Capsule
8 9 1 10
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5
7 10
entrance standardised 1100x2110mm floor build-up 26mm three-ply laminated sheeting 60mm rigid foam sound insulation 26mm three-ply laminated sheeting waterproof membrane 60mm rigid foam thermal insulation 45mm CNC mill cut three-ply laminated wood structural support facade element pre-cast 60mm reinforced concrete outer shell capsule stilt stainless steel element joint stainless steel supporting element pre-cast 60mm reinforced concrete bath element prefabricated coated polycarbonate main structure shell precast 200mm steel reinforced concrete, stitched on-site with high-density concrete (i.e. Ductal) facade elements 6 pre-cast 60mm reinforced concrete outer shell roof build-up waterproof membrane 26mm three-ply laminated sheeting 60mm rigid foam thermal insulation 45mm CNC mill cut three-ply laminated wood structural support 10mm marine-ply sheeting
Detail Section BB1 scale 1:50@A3
2.17
1 2 1
2
3 4
3 5
4
6 7
5
8
6
9
BB2
10 7 11 9
12
8
10
11
12 13 14
2
BB3
BB4
BB5
13 14
facade element pre-cast 60mm reinforced concrete outer shell sound insulation 60mm rigid foam sound insulation main structure 200mm steel reinforced concrete facade element pre-cast 60mm reinforced concrete outer shell rainwater drainage exposed concrete privacy screen bespoke steel joinery main structure 200mm steel reinforced concrete capillary break granular fill porous floor 60mm concrete tiles on stainless steel frame work underfloor drainage inclined 100mm concrete screed vapour barrier continuous 6mm polyethylene sheet pedestrian walkway insitu reinforced concrete capillary break granular fill main structure footing reinforced concrete note: depth to be specified by structural engineer
Section 2 Building Construction Capsule Hotel Details
Detail Section BB2-BB5 scale 1:50@A3
2.18
Section 2 Building Construction Grove/Offices Key Junctions
1 1 2 3
2
4 5 3
6
4
CC1
5
6 CC2
tree genus argania goat genus capra retaining wall sheet piles office skin ribbed timber construction pedestrian walkway insitu reinforced concrete existing river bank reinforced concrete
section CC scale 1:100@A3
2.19
1 2
3 4
1 5
4 2 3
5
6
landscape drainage boundary insitu reinforced concrete green roof construction filter layer, drainage filter, waterproof membrane, thermal insulation, concrete shell storage floor concrete screed green roof construction filter layer, drainage filter, waterproof membrane, thermal insulation, concrete shell, thermal insulation, concrete finishing office floor polished concrete finishing, thermal insulation, vapour barrier, insitu reinforced concrete, capillary break
Section 2 Building Construction Grove/Offices Details
Detail Section CC1-CC2 scale 1:50@A3
2.20
Section 2 Building Construction Water Ingress
The building’s spaces are primarily external and thus exposed to rainwater. The rainwater is not rejected at first contact with the building fabric but rather controlled and collected through a porous floor to the air cavity & drainage canal. This method allows for condensation buildup to be washed away and never allowed to stagnate, and with a constant intake of fresh air, the water quickly evaporates.
rainwater
rainwater
rainwater
ref section 3.10
BB2
spillage
jointless floor
waterproof membrane over inclined screed
BB3
BB4
drainage canal
BB5
Section 2 Building Construction Interstitial Condensation & Insulation
condensation
air cavity
condensation
2.21
Spaces where interstitial condensation will occur due to a high temperature difference is primarily in the hotel capsules. Resolution to the issue is through the use of a vapour barrier, external insulation, an air cavity, and concrete skin collectively blocking the initial variation in temperature. The temperature variation is thus spanned resulting in less condensation to the internal environment and structural timber elements. ref section 3.06
climatised internal 16°-22°
external 25°-30°
condensation
max 45°
max 45°
co nd en 25° sa tio 30° n
16°-22°
60mm concrete skin
100-300mm air cavity
25mm timber 6mm vapour barrier 100mm insulation
25mm timber 60mm insulation
capsule wall build up scale 1:10@A3
prevailing wind
3.00
Section 3 Building Performance
This section aims to represent a detailed investigation into the building fabric and its performance to control and moderate both the internal and external environment.
3.01
Section 3 Building Performance Human Comfort
“In general, human comfort is dependent upon a number of factors. However, human comfort is considered to be partially subjective, in that humans may perceive a room to be warmer or cooler than it actually is do to its colour and materials. Variation in human comfort levels also results from evolutionary adaptations. For example, where a body has adapted its specific physiology as a response to local conditions.�1 Thermal Comfort Maintaining the body at an acceptable temperature.
Air Quality Ensuring the provision of clean air within enclosed spaces.
Illumination Provision of adequate light levels.
ref section 3.01
ref section 3.04
ref section 3.08
Sound Quality Clarity of communication and protection from noise pollution.
Sanitation Providing for water distribution and waste disposal. ref section 3.10
1. Pete Silver, Will McClean. 2008. Introduction to Architectural Technology
3.02
40°C 31°C
30°C
The warm season lasts from June 23 to September 6 with an average daily high temperature above 31°C. The hottest day of the year is July 28, with an average high of 35°C and low of 19°C.
31°C
19°C
25°C 20°C
“Fez has a Mediterranean climate with dry hot summers and mild winters.
37°C
35°C
19°C 15°C
The cold season lasts from November 16 to March 12 with an average daily high temperature below 19°C. The coldest day of the year is January 20, with an average low of 4°C and high of 15°C.”1
15°C 16°C
10°C 5°C 0°C
17°C
7°C
8°C
4°C jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
Section 3 Building Performance Thermal Comfort
aug
Due to its Mediterranean climate, the site has a considerable variation between day and night temperatures, although it rarely falls below freezing. For this reason, the proposal must accomodate both cooling and heating strategies for the inhabitable hotel capsules, which due to their relatively small size, will most probably be accommodated at night to sleep.
sep
oct
nov
dec
Yearly Average Temp
high (day) low (night)
source http://weatherspark.com/ averages/29197/Fes-Fes-BoulemaneMorocco - accessed 18 April 2013
Each capsule will require a singular decentralised forced air mechanical unit to work passively in relation to the vapour membrane proposed for avoiding condensation. spaces requiring heating and cooling systems
note: see section 2.23 1. http://weatherspark.com/averages/29197/Fes-Fes-Boulemane-Morocco accessed 18 April 2013
3.03
Section 3 Building Performance Hammam Strategy
Human comfort and bodily treatment is why people visit this hammam. Thus, maintaining and controlling the thermal comfort in the space is crucial. Steam production is utilised to increase the temperature of a space up to 50째C. flue to roof level
plant room
50째C hammam hot room
50째C hammam hot room
40째C hammam tepid room
The production of steam will require a traditional boiler system with fresh water pumped and heated in a coiling configuration with a wood burning fire. The exhaust flue will run up the columns formed by the concrete shell to the upper floors and above the roof level.
steam fresh water heat source coiling exhaust flue
spaces requiring forced steam intake
3.04
10 m/s
20%
“Ventilation is the exchange of stale air with fresh air within a building. This can have a number of effects. It can supply clean air i.e. dilute carbon dioxide and supply oxygen; it can replace hot air with cool air; and it can lower relative humidity and prevent condensation (where water vapour in the air collects on surfaces). Ventilation may also be needed to remove smoke in the event of a fire.”1
8 m/s 16%
15% 14%
6 m/s
13%
10%
10%
10%
4 m/s
8% 7%
Natural Ventilation With exception of the hotel capsules, the building will utilise a natural ventilation strategy as the building is mainly open to the environment and receives a good amount of wind over the entire year.
2 m/s
5%
5%
0 m/s 0% N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Fez Wind Directions Over The Entire Year source http://weatherspark.com/ averages/29197/Fes-Fes-BoulemaneMorocco - accessed 18 April 2013 http://weatherspark.com/ averages/28729/London-EnglandUnited-Kingdom - accessed 18 April 2013
Section 3 Building Performance Air Quality
jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
“Over the course of the year typical wind speeds vary from 1 m/s to 6 m/s (light air to moderate breeze), rarely exceeding 10 m/s (fresh breeze). The highest average wind speed of 3 m/s (gentle breeze) occurs around February 25, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 5 m/s (moderate breeze). The lowest average wind speed of 3 m/s (light breeze) occurs around October 16, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 5 m/s (gentle breeze).”1
sep
oct
nov
dec
Yearly Average Wind Speed
London High London Low Fez High Fez Low
Passive Control As an effect of the requiring a waterproof membrane around each capsule to resist rainfall, ventilation must be passively controlled through mechanical measures to control humidity levels.
sources http://weatherspark.com/ averages/29197/Fes-Fes-BoulemaneMorocco - accessed 18 April 2013 http://weatherspark.com/ averages/28729/London-EnglandUnited-Kingdom - accessed 18 April 2013
1. http://weatherspark.com/averages/29197/Fes-Fes-Boulemane-Morocco accessed 18 April 2013
1. Pete Silver, Will McClean. 2008. Introduction to Architectural Technology
roo f lev el
3.05
Section 3 Building Performance Ventilation Strategy
upp er le vel
Ventilation Types prevailing wind steam Enclosed Spatial Condition climatised steamed naturally ventilated city leve l
rive r lev el
The proposed main ventilation strategy is directly related to a spacial function and in conjunction with thermal comfort. Spaces differ between mechanically controlled cooling systems, steamed spaces, and external yet shaded naturally ventilated spaces. The proposed south-west facing frontage provides an excellent source of wind from the prevailing winds as discussed in section 3.04.
3.06
intake unit
extract and condensor unit cooling/ heating
fan
filter
recirculation
exhaust stale air
Each capsule will require a singular local cooling forced air mechanical unit to work passively. The units will also control humidity levels.
60mm concrete skin
100-300mm air cavity
25mm timber 6mm vapour barrier 100mm insulation
25mm timber 60mm insulation
hot/cold outdoor air
The insulation build up utilizing a vapour barrier and air cavity alike will greatly reduce the necessity of operating the chilling or heating unit, although mechanised ventilation will operate automatically when air quality is unsuitable. Cross ventilation is encouraged during the day by opening the front door and main window.
extract and condensor unit
air cavity
Section 3 Building Performance Hotel Capsule Strategy
external max 45°
25°-30° cross ventilation passively controlled internal 16°-22° shaded and cool fresh air
capsule wall build up scale 1:10@A3
intake unit
section BB1 scale 1:50@A3
spaces requiring heating and cooling systems
3.07
Section 3 Building Performance Hammam Ventilation
A traditional hammam requires constant recirculation of air and steam. Any steam or air which remains stagnant would make the space rather uncomfortable. Three things are necessary to achieve this spatial condition; an intake of fresh air, steam forced in the space (ref section 3.03), and expelling of stale steam. Fresh Air Intake Opening As steam is forced into the space, pressure is created resulting in the steam being pushed out of the space. As a volume of steam is expelled from the space, it is replaced with new steam mixed with fresh air taken in from openings on the eastern side of the space where a good amount of wind is directed from. (ref section 3.04)
expel steam
Expelling Steam Opening As previously discussed, steam is expelled from the space, at higher level through holes made in the domed ceiling which in turn articulate the market space and public garden on the upper level.
intake fresh air
under floor forced steam drainage canal
hammam section scale NTS
3.08
Sun Path Diagram Key annual variation june 21 december 21
source http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/ fes.html - accessed 18 April 2013
Section 3 Building Performance Solar Gain
As the site receives plenty of sun, shading will play a crucial role in human comfort. On the southern part of the site at city level, much of the plan is open to the public and thus requires shading and cooling. For this reason, the Capsule Hotel at upper levels has been extended over. The drainage pools have also been further developed in order to provide a cooling effect to the shaded environment.
shading
plenty of sun for the argan trees
city level plan scale 1:500
3.09
Section 3 Building Performance Solar Shading
With respect to the intense Moroccan summer and midday sun, the capsule windows provide an extruded hood to shade the internal space as well as the external space below, yet due to the window surface area and overall height, allow for a comfortable amount of daylight to enter the capsule’s living space. The courtyard’s vertical circulation provides shading to the lower levels with a medina brise soleil lighting effect due to the timber deck construction.
&m idd ay sun sum me r
sum me r
&m idd ay sun
Proposed South Eastern Elevation scale NTS
brise soleil style walkable decking
to be low
capsule section scale 1:200
pro vid es ha din g
pro vid es ha din g
to be low
courtyard section scale 1:200
sun ing orn m ter & win
3.10
40%
41% 38%
40% 35%
30%
30%
31%
27%
27%
25% 20%
15%
10%
Officials there said heavy rains had caused the water levels to rise, damaging homes, leaving some underwater, and cutting off roads. Last week, at least 14 people were reported to have died in Morocco because of flash flooding.
15%
10%
10%
5% 0%
0%
3%
drizzle
light rain
moderate rain
thunderstorms
Precipitation Type source http://weatherspark.com/ averages/29197/Fes-Fes-BoulemaneMorocco - accessed 18 April 2013
As a North African country, Morocco is generally a dry and hot climatic, but Morocco’s vicinity to the Atlantic Ocean provides unexpected and often rather fierce rainfall as described below. “Seven people have died after flash floods hit eastern and southern parts of Morocco in north Africa.
20%
18%
Section 3 Building Performance Rainfall Precipitation
jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
Yearly Rainfall
thunderstorms moderate rain light rain source http://weatherspark.com/ averages/29197/Fes-Fes-BoulemaneMorocco - accessed 18 April 2013
Weather experts say the highest levels of rain in 30 years have fallen in the country over the last month.”1 Due to an increase in heavy rain conditions over the past few years and vicinity to a river, the proposed building acts as an inclined filter spilling large volumes of unexpected water into the river. (ref section 2.20) Thus, in the event of a flash flood, the building will not provide pooling effects, which could prove harmful to the main structure, but rather facilitate rainwater to be spilled into the river. Subsequently, the floor’s dry joint construction allows for ease of maintenance prior to a heavy rain. 1. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_7680000/ newsid_7681000/7681015.stm - accessed 18 April 2013
roo f lev el
3.11
Section 3 Building Performance Drainage Strategy
upp er le vel
The main drainage strategy is to separate rainwater from grey water although gathered and deviated below the finished floor level at river level. private baths
city leve l
drainage pools
rive r lev el
porous floor
rainwater to river
to city grey water
Hotel capsule grey water is to flow through pipe work concealed within the hollow columns of the concrete shell structure. Rainwater is collected at city level in the drainage pools and at river level in the hotel courtyard through a porous dry joint construction elevated floor system..
roo f lev el
3.12
Section 3 Building Performance Energy Strategy
upp er le vel
single units - hotel capsules
The rather conventional energy approach provides a main source of power from the city electricity circuit network and a possible small scale dam from the 4 metre change in level produced by a river lock under the existing bridge. Providing a planar water surface in front of the argan production facilities has resulted in what is currently a sloped riverbank to become level and thus producing a 4 metre level difference. The difference is controlled with a lock and provides a favourable scenario to instal a small scale electro-turbine power production plant.
via lift core
city leve l
rive r lev el
riv er flo w
river lock electro-turbine power
e ang l ch e v le etre 4m
river flow
central power control unit
city power
4.00
Section 4 Building Delivery
This section aims to describe an understanding of how a building is delivered - from feasibility to construction - the responsibilities which an architect can be contractually tied into, and what expertise is necessary at which design stage. Although it is unrealistic to develop an entire contractual and procurement strategy without having discussed the proposed project with a client, this is merely an attempt of understanding the various options available and why a certain procurement route, or contractual criteria may be suitable to a particular project. For this reason, the building proposal discussed in previous sections will be utilised as a case study to attempt to find the most relevant contractual agreement, design team structure, and procurement strategy.
4.01
Budget & Time Frame
The Client
The project is funded by United States of America and the fund is administered by the Millennium Challenge Corporation, an umbrella company of the World Bank.
The client is the Gouvernement du Royaume du Maroc whom which is represented by The Agency of Partnership for Progress (APP) yet decisions are implemented by the Agency for the Development and Rehabilitation of the city of Fez (ADER-Fès)
The total budget set for renovation costs is of approximately ÂŁ14,400,000 in equal disbursements over a four year span. Cost Summary Professional Fees architects, contractors, consultants, surveyors, CDM coordinator Site Preparation soil assessments, excavation, and setting out Artisan & Labourer Fees on site labourers and artisans off site in a temporary local workshop Building Material main structure, secondary structure, internal finishes & furniture, and mock-ups in the temporary workshop to test elements at Stage F of the RIBA Plan of Works outline (ref section 4.05).
The Medina of Fez The City of Fez
Section 4 Building Delivery Planning & Financial Context
Planning Context Fez Bali has been a UNESCO world heritage site since 1981 and Place Lalla Yeddouna falls under its protection. Although UNESCO has set the site as a world heritage site, building regulations and planning constraints are based on national regulations and enforced by the Ordre National des Architectes du Maroc. A local architect will be appointed to advise on and take responsibility of local building regulations. Local Considerations The site is an important public throughway which will be blocked for up to four years during the construction period. The river is located upstream from the world famous tanneries and must thus be uninterrupted or polluted in any manner during construction.
4.02
Construction The nature of the site requires construction techniques sensitive to the World Heritage protected urban fabric surrounding the site and which the site is a part of. For this reason, the use of heavy machinery must be avoided, or at least kept to a minimum, resulting in the prefabrication of much of the building. The final building will therefore be the result of fabrication and installation on site of prefabricated elements. The requirement of elements being fabricated off-site then delivered and installed on-site involves the specialised fabrication of concrete form work. Many elements are repeated and thus reduce development costs, yet still require a high level of quality which is obtained in a controlled environment. The workshop A temporary workshop is to be erected on a nearby site with access to a lifting crane and the main roadways for delivery and pickup of supplies and finalised elements. The workshop will be partitioned into three distinct areas: a wet area for concrete form work, a dry area for timber construction, and a managerial office where the satellite office (ref section 4.04) will be located. A local artisan metal workshop will be appointed to provide bespoke joinery as finishing for the building.
Section 4 Building Delivery Project Scenario
This Report Although the 2010 competition was held and won by a London practice, this particular project was designed and this report was written in 2013 by myself, an MArch student. Therefore, I will set the scenario as if I were the sole project architect which in 2010 submitted the winning entry and in turn would need to assemble a team of assistants and other architects with consultation from specialists, thus founding an architectural practice. The Client’s Aspirations How I received an invitation from the client to participate in the competition, not having an established practice of my own, is beyond me, yet somehow I won and will work directly with the client’s representative. The client, with a considerable fund from the World Bank, have a set budget which the project must meet. The fund is dispersed in four equal instalments over a four year period. The World Bank, under the guidance of the MCC, have set out for this project to produce return profit over a 20 year span. The Contractor/s The appointed contractor/s should either have a nearby workshop, or the necessary machinery to erect a temporary workshop. Given the requirements of concrete and timber fabrication techniques, two contractors should be appointed whom specialise in the respective expertise. Coordination of the two will be under one roof and performed by the architect.
4.03
Traditional Procurement
Design and Build
Construction Management
The design team is composed of a group of appointed consultants and led by the architect, design a building to RIBA Stage F. Once this information is complete it goes out to various contractors to tender. Once the tenders are returned, the client will appoint a contractor.
The contractor is responsible for the design and the construction alike. A contractor is appointed very early in the project, typically RIBA Stage C/D. The contractor agrees to deliver a building in a fixed time for a fixed price,.The contractor then employs a design team, including an architect, to deliver the project.
The client appoints a management contractor (MCC) whom manages the project organisation and process. The client has direct contracts with the architect, the MCC, the main contractor and consultants. The MCC tenders work packages to subcontractors. Design and start on site tend to overlap.
Pros This design-led procurement typically leads to a building of high quality, and the client has cost certainty before on-site construction begins.
Pros Cost and time fixed early on, contractor is sole point of contact for client, risk typically taken by contractor
Pros Delivery time reduced as design and construction overlapped, the MC’s expertise ensures good communication which assists with quality and allows for design amendments mid-process.
Cons Slower than other procurement methods as the tendering process can be considerably long to insure an accurate cost evaluation.
Cons Quality determined by contractor, The contractor has to fix a cost on an outline design and therefore quality tends to be compromised if wrong assumptions made, changes are very expensive as they affect whole D&B contract.
Cons Risk typically taken by client, cost is not fixed and difficult to control as number of individual contracts.
time
cost
quality
time
cost
quality
time
cost
quality
Section 4 Building Delivery Selecting a Procurement Strategy
All projects have unforeseen risks which effect time, cost, and quality. A number of various approaches can be orchestrated depending on the nature of the project with relation to the design intent, the client’s aspirations, the budget, expected life-span, and many more factors. As an example, three differing and commonly utilised procurement methods are compared to the left for their pros and cons. As this report is merely a simulation written by myself, the procurement strategy will be biased to my own interests as head architect and my “glorious” project. Therefore, Based on the given time-frame of four years, a fixed budget dispersed over the four year period, and the appointment of two specialised contractors a traditional strategy would be most suitable for this particular project. The accurate evaluation at tender stage will lower the risk of the project going over budget whilst providing the required quality as the two design practices will follow the project over to completion. Although, there is a risk of the project going over time which may not be suitable for UNESCO World Heritage conditions.
4.04
structural engineer
World Bank Fund geotechnical consultant
United States of America
client
environmental consultant
mechanical & electrical engineer
local architect
concrete specialist
project architect
quantity surveyor
lighting consultant
local artisans
concrete contractor
timber contractor fire safety consultant
suppliers
installation specialist labourers
CDM coordinator
Section 4 Building Delivery Contractual Relationship with the Client
The selected procurement strategy has in turn influenced the relationship that the architect has with the representative client. The traditional route incurs much responsibility on the architecture studio, but also provides increased fees. As a start-up practice delivering a project in a foreign country, the risk of failure to deliver the project is high, nonetheless I would take it, but would surely seek the advise of a local practice to manage and liaise with the local artisans and workers, whilst assuming responsibilty to the building being to standard with Moroccan building regulations. As the client will be managing the fund and accounting, all consultants are to be appointed by the client on recommendation of the architect. A special relationship will be between the architect and a concrete specialist to advise on the entire project with relation to insitu and prefabricated cast concrete facade and structural elements. A particular agreement is to be made as to provide a satellite office on the site or within the temporary workshop near the site for a small team of architects from the main design practice to follow the design with the concrete specialist.
4.05
Stage B Strategic Briefing Preparation of strategic brief by or on behalf of the client confirming key requirements and constraints. of future action on behalf of, the client with client confirming key requirements and constraints. Identification of procedures, organisational structure and range of consultants and others to be engaged for the project. The strategic brief is a key output from this stage and becomes the clear responsibility of the client. The Architect must at this stage produce sketch design proposals and under take a preliminary cost check.
Stage F Production of Information Final decisions taken on every matter related to design, specification, construction and cost. Production information is prepared in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained.
Pre-Construction
Stage C Outline Proposals At this point the development of the strategic brief into the full project brief begins and outline design proposals and cost estimates are prepared. Stage D Detailed proposals Complete final development brief and full design of the project.
Stage G Tender Documentation Prepare and collate tender documentation in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the construction of the Project. Stage G Tender Action Tenders obtained and appraised with recommendations made to the client to allow an appointment to be made. Stage J Mobilisation Building contract let and contractor appointed. Production information issued to the contractor. Site is handed over to the contractor.
Stage J Mobilisation Building contract let and contractor appointed. Production information issued to the contractor. Site is handed over to the contractor Stage K Construction to practical Completion Contractor programmes the work in accordance with the contract and commences work on site. The Architect administers the building contract up to and including practical completion where at which point the contractor hands back ownership of the site and completed project to the client. Further is information supplied to the contractor as and when reasonably required. The architect monitors the performance of the contractor during construction.
Construction
Stage E Final proposals Completion of the brief with decisions made on the planning arrangement, appearance, construction method, outline specification and cost of the project. Complete cost checking of designs.
Feasibility
Stage A Appraisal Identification of Client’s requirements and any possible constraints on development. Preparation of studies to enable the Client to decide whether to proceed. Appoint Design Team.
Stage L After Practical Completion At this Stage, the building has been handed over to the client for occupation. Any defects will have been remedied and the final account settled.
Section 4 Building Delivery The Role of the Architectural Practice
Although the project is entirely fabricated and assembled in Morocco, the design stages and what the architect produces in the delivery of a building will follow the RIBA Plan of Works as outlined to the left.
4.06
Local Architect
Satellite Office
Contract Architect
A Moroccan based local architect/ architectural practice is to be appointed to coordinate the work with the lead architect. Main responsibilities include: assisting in preparation and submission of full of planning documents, consulting advisory and government bodies, organising local consultation and making sure the project complies with the existing statutory legislations.
A specialist team comprised of myself, a concrete specialist, a timber joinery specialist, and an architectural technologist will be permanently relocated to the workshop location to guide and look over the fabrication of construction elements.
With respect to the given scenario, this would be the role taken by myself - as an accredited architect - and my assembled team. My team would ideally comprise of another registered architect to share decision making and 2-3 architectural assistants.
The team will also be responsible for developing and producing mock-ups of portions of the building.
My team would take the project to Stage J of the RIBA Plan of Works outline with advice on planning and building regulations from the locally appointed architect via conference calls and marked up drawings.
This team will be in direct contact with the appointed consultants.
This relocation and setup should take place at the start of Stage F to feed the remaining stages to Stage J and the tender documentation. This team will be in direct contact with the appointed consultants.
This team will be in direct contact with the appointed consultants.
Section 4 Building Delivery Architectural Practice Team Structure
The nature of the project being delivered in Morocco and designed in a foreign country requires a certain complexity of structure and subsequent responsibilities. Over the stages of design as outlined by the RIBA Plan of Works, these responsibilities and actions required are to be discussed and informed at quite an early stage. The team structure required to deliver the project is as described to the left.
4.07
Timber Contractor
Concrete Contractor
Delivery & Assembly Sub Contractor
A timber contractor is to be appointed for the fabrication of complex rib structure elements. This contractor may also have to take responsibility for the delivery and assembly of the elements on site depending on the complexity of design.
A concrete contractor which specialises in casting thin structural and facade elements as well as a production line of surface tiles. This contractor must also have the capacity of polishing concrete screeds.
This contractor will assemble the necessary workforce to work under the direct direction of the timber and concrete contractors. Responsibilities will include taking delivery of prefabricated elements, maintaining safety measures on the site on the CPD coordinator, and providing the necessary teams to assemble components under the direction of the respective contractors.
Section 4 Building Delivery The Role of the Contractor/s
Coordination of the contractors is to be the responsibility of the head architect, although payments will be made by the client’s representative. The selected contractors will all sign a contract for a fixed price and to a fixed time frame. The main contractors - timber and concrete - will work under the same roof towards the production of the fabricated elements under the supervision of the head architect’s satellite office.
bibliography
& acknowledgements
Section 1 Building Forms & Systems
Section 2 Building Construction
Section 3 Building Performance
Section 4 Building Delivery
Ching, Francis 2007 Architecture: Form, Space, and Order John Wiley & Sons
McLeod, Virginia 2007 Detail in Contemporary Residential Architecture Laurence King
Silver, Pete & McClean, Will 2008 Introduction to Architectural Technology Laurence King
Lupton, Sarah 2001 Architect’s Handbook of Practice Management, 7th Edition RIBA Publishing
Allen, Stan 1985 Field Conditions Eisenman, Peter 2008 Ten Canonical Buildings: 1950-2000 Rizzoli International Publications Vidlet, Anthony 2006 b-b-b-Body: Block, Blob, Blur
Neufert 2002 Architects’ Data, Third Edition Blackwell Publishing Deplazes, Andrea 2008 Constructing Architecture: Materials, Processes, Structures; a Handbook Birkhauser Verlag AG Ching, Francis 2009 Building Structures Illustrated: Patterns, Systems, and Design John Wiley & Sons Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures 2006 Butterworth-Heinemann Concrete Construction Detail Magazine vol. 2/2010 The Concrete Centre www.concretecentre.com last accessed 18th April 2013 ARUP Consultancy March - April 2013 Francis Archer
Green Specification Guide www.greenspec.co.uk last accessed 18th April 2013 Max Fordham Consultancy March 2013 Andy Hutton
Agency of Partnership for Progress www.app.ma last accessed 18th April 2013 Development Plan of Fez 1998 The Kingdom of Morocco The Agency of Partnership for Progress and the US Millenium Challenge Corporation Competition Proposal 2010 Place Lalla Yeddouna: A Neighborhood in the Medina of Fez, Morocco www.projectcompetition-fez.com/projects_ projectcompetition-fez_home_e.htm last accessed 16th April 2013 UK Building Regulations www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations last accessed 10th March 2013