Thesis project : "SPONGE PARK® strategy along the Olona river and Mast regeneration"

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SPONGE PARK® STRATEGY ALONG THE OLONA RIVER AND MAST REGENERATION, A RECEPTIVE POLE FOR INTERGENERATIONAL PUBLIC LIFE IN RHO

POLITECNICO DI MILANO 1863 School of urban architecture conStruction engineering


Student Andrea Montalto 10526337 926147 Supervisor Prof. Barbara Coppetti Co-supervisor Prof. Carlo Ezechieli Graduation session July 2021


CONTENT ABSTRACT

5

Territorial strategy

34

Sponge park concept

1G

ENERAL OVERVIEW

7

Location

3

SCALE

13

Mast

Flooding scenario Masterplan

Places of interest

Winter configuration

Strategy

Summer configuration Plan

Green infrastructure

4

Olona valley Geographical limits

M SCALE Green system

Intermunicipality park

Places of interest

Regional park

Strategy

Vie d’Acque project

22

Motorway and train line

Section

45

Visualization

Infrastructural system

Natural reserve

Grey infrastructure

67

Antenna Green system

History and evolution

XS SCALE Concept diagram

37

Infrastructural system

Feature

2 XL

L SCALE

6

Model

7

DESIGN REFERENCES 89 Gowanus Canal Sponge park

Concept

Ningbo Eastern New Town Ecological

Structure

Corridor

Axonometry

Azteca Pavillion Dining room

Urban areas

Blue School Middle School

Green and grey infrastructure

5

S SCALE

53

WeGrow

Street living school

Convention Center of Lucerna

Monitoring station

Functional masterplan

Tikkurila River Park

Depurator

Flooding scenario

Nathan Phillips Square Revitalization

Critical areas

Masterplan

Sky Garden

Industry pollution

Section

Flooding

Axonometry

Blue infrastructure

Water quality

26

8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

97

4


ABSTRACT

5

L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare, studiare e risolvere, attraverso un’attenta progettazione, le problematiche e potenzialità degli spazi aperti lungo il fiume Olona. Un fiume nell’Ovest milanese, che parte dal Monte Martica ( a Rasa di Varese) e che conclude il suo percorso nel Naviglio Grande, sfociando nel Lambro meridionale.

The focus of this thesis is to analyze, study and solve, through careful design, the problems and potential of open spaces along the Olona River. A river in the west of Milan, which starts from Monte Martica (in Rasa di Varese) and ends its course in the Naviglio Grande, flowing into the southern Lambro.

L’Olona presenta diverse criticità, una fra tutte è lo spazio ristretto del suo letto, che è stato ristretto nel corso degli anni per via di una forte urbanizzazione. Attraversa diversi centri urbani di media e grande dimensione (tra cui Varese, Busto Arsizio, Legano e Rho). Questa urbanizzazione, non solo ha portato alla restrizione dei suoi limiti, creando notevoli disagi durante i periodi di esondazioni, ma ha portato anche a una bassa qualità dell’acqua, per la presenza di un impianto fognario e di industrie che scaricano i loro rifiuti nelle sue acque.

The Olona has several criticalities, one among all is the narrow space of its bed, which has been restricted over the years due to a strong urbanization. It crosses several medium and large urban centers, (including Varese, Busto Arsizio, Legano and Rho). This urbanization has not only led to the restriction of its limits, creating considerable inconvenience during periods of flooding, but has also led to low water quality, due to the presence of a sewage plant and industries that discharge their waste into its waters.

Il percorso, che ho deciso di intraprendere, è stato quello di analizzare su diverse scale (partendo da una scala territoriale fino ad arrivare a una scala più di dettaglio architettonico), l’olona e gli spazi aperti lungo il suo asse. Per poter definire una strategia a scala più ampia i possibili interventi, migliorando la condizione dal punto di vista ambientale e creando spazi per la comunità, usano la soluzione dello sponge park per ridefinire gli spazi aperti.

The path, which I decided to undertake, was to analyze on different scales (starting from a territorial scale up to a more detailed architectural scale), the Olona river and the open spaces along its axis. In order to define a strategy at a larger scale possible interventions, improving the condition from the environmental point of view and creating spaces for the community, using the sponge park solution to redefine the open spaces.

Il Mast è un edificio situato nell’area rhodense, lungo le sponde del fiume ed è uno spazio dedicato prevalentemente ai giovani senza essere un punto focale e d’interesse per la comunità. La tesi vuole lavorare attorno a questo edificio, riattivando gli spazi aperti limitrofi, attraverso la realizzazione di uno sponge park e creando una sinergia con le scuole aggiungendo nuovi spazi didattici per giovani e attività pubbliche.

The Mast is a building located in the rhodense area, along the banks of the river and is a space dedicated mainly to young people without being a focal point and interest for the community. The thesis wants to work around this building, reactivating the neighboring open spaces, through the creation of a sponge park and creating a synergy with schools by adding new educational spaces for young people and public activities.


GENERAL OVERVIEW Location

Italy

7

Lombardy


GENERAL OVERVIEW Feature

hydrological featureS

Point of origin

19 TRIBUTARIES RASA DI VARESE 548 a.s.l

AVERAGE RIVERBED WIDTH:

8-12 M

MAX RIVERBED WIDTH:

16 M

Point of end AVERAGE SLOPE:

0,6%

LAMBRO MERIDIONALE RIVER BASIN: AVERAGE FLOW:

911 KM2

6,22 M/S2

ecological StatuS

lenght 104 KM

LOW 4 PROVINCE

45 MUNICIPALITIES

Source: Arpa

8


GENERAL OVERVIEW Feature

Olona Bevera Rio Lanza

1

2 Seveso

Bozzente

Lura

4

3 5 Villoresi Canal

6

1. Varese Ticino

2. Lozza 3. Busto arsizio 7

4. Fagnano Olona 5. Legnano

C.S.N.O

6. Rho 7. Milano

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GENERAL OVERVIEW History and evolution

Already in Roman times it underwent its first “deviation” from its natural bed (the route of which has been lost) to supply water to the defensive moat of the city of Milan. In the 16th century, while the navigli (canals) were being dug, the waters were diverted to supply the dock, which they continued to do in daylight until it was progressively filled in completely during the 20th century. In the post-war period, more and more factories began to spring up around the city and, in the absence of today’s environmental awareness, the Olona was used to discharge the sewage they produced, soon turning it into a malodorous open-air sewer. To solve the problem, in the 1950s, work began to cover the Olona along both the ring road and the dock branch, and by 1970 it had disappeared from the streets. After a few years, when the “dock branch” was closed to avoid the risk of hydrogeological pollution, its waters stopped reaching the city centre. Since then, the waters of the Olona have continued to flow along the ring roads underground as far as their only mouth in the southern Lambro.

Source: Beic, biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura

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GENERAL OVERVIEW History and evolution

1580

Cartography by Egnazio Danti

11

1778

Cartography by Benedetto Bordiga

1818-1829

Secondary military survey of the Hasburg Empire


XL SCALE

Olona analysis along the green, grey and blue infrastructure XL strategy


XL SCALE Green infrastructure

The first part of the thesis project, conducted in the XL scale to understand better the quality, the criticality and the feature of the Olona river, is focused on the analysis of the three primary infrastructures, which govern the territory of the west of Milan. The three infrastructures are: green, grey (circulation) and blue (water). The first part of the analysis concerns the green infrastructure, in which the large green systems that characterize this territory have been reported. Regional parks, parks of intermunicipal interest and nature reserves have been taken into consideration in order to understand the relationship between these large systems, the Olona River and the urban system. It can be seen that these systems are separated from each other and there is no real correlation with the river itself or with the urban context. This fragmentation is caused by a strong urbanization that develops in an important way along the river during the years. It provoked a separation of the entire system. Within this study a project (Vie d’Acque project) has been included, not completely realized in the Expo area, in the west of Milan. This is a project that promises to work with the identity of the place, going to propose an organic scenario of landscape recomposition of open spaces, combining together different native elements of the place: water, agricultural land, rural system and green.It was choosen for its capacity to create a unique system , where green, water, and grey elements works together.

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XL SCALE Green infrastructure Olona valley

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XL SCALE Green infrastructure Geographical limits

Bevera

Olona

Ticino

Rio Lanza

Bozzente

Lura

Seveso

C.S.N.O Darsena

Naviglio Grande

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XL SCALE Green infrastructure Natural reserve

1

2

3

4

6

1 Parco Naturale Campo dei fiori 2 Parco Naturale della Spina Verde 3 Parco della Pineta di Appiano Gentile

5

4 Parco naturale delle Groane 5 Parco naturale lombardo della valle del Ticino 6 Bosco WWF Vanzago

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XL SCALE Green infrastructure Intermunicipality park

1

2

3 10 4

5

7

10

6

8

9

1 Parco Valle della Bevera 2 Parco Rile Tenore Olona 3 Parco del Medio Olona 4 Bosco del Rugareto 5 Parco dei Mughetti 6 Parco dei Mulini 7 Parco Alto Milanese 8 Parco del Roccolo 9 Parco del Basso Olona 10 Parco del Torrente Lura 18


XL SCALE Green infrastructure Regional park

1

2

3

4

1 Parco Campo dei fiori 2 Parco Spina Verde

5

3 Parco della Pineta di Appiano Gentile 6

4 Parco delle Groane 5 Parco lombardo della valle del Ticino 6 Parco Agricolo Sud

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XL SCALE Green infrastructure Vie d’Acque project

The Vie d’Acque project is a project of connection between the city and the territory, which is established in the west of Milan, near the Expo area. In this project water is a fundamental element, it is a primary element for the nutrition of the planet and a territorial matrix of the Lombard agricultural plain and historical infrastructure of relationship between the city of Milan and the surrounding area. The Vie d’Acque project aims to achieve environmental quality and hydraulic and irrigation functionality of the water network, to connote and redevelop open spaces and enhance the landscape of the territory. It outlines an articulated program of interventions that combine, at different territorial scales, the objectives of preservation and enhancement of the landscape, particularly rural, with those of hydraulic defense and rehabilitation of river systems and irrigation network, aiming at the careful exploitation of existing resources. This is a complex and extensive project proposal, which develops on several levels, proposing an organic scenario of landscape recomposition of the open spaces of the west of Milan and which finds its strength in the re-proposition of the networks of surface hydrography as productive, environmental and landscape matrix of the rural and green system. The project is realized through different types of interventions from the city center (Darsena) to the west of Milan (new canal of the Waterway and related pedestrian and bicycle path) to get to the Ticino (green-blue ring). The purpose of the project is to combine the hydraulic needs of the new canal with those of its careful integration into the context, contributing, where possible, to improve the landscape of the places crossed and enhance the opportunities for use.

20


XL SCALE Green infrastructure Vie d’Acque project

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XL SCALE Grey infrastructure

The second analysis is a study of the gray infrastructure, so the connections this area offers. These infrastructures are characteristic elements of this territory, due to their size, connecting the different urban centers, but at the same time dividing and fragmenting the landscape. A study has been carried out on the main connecting routes (highways and railway lines) that connect the various urban centers. The urban centers crossed by the river have also been analyzed, in order to understand the quality of the territory and the vastness of the same. It is possible to deduce how urban centers fragment the territory even more, not allowing, except in rare cases, any relationship between the green system and the water system. A study regarding the density of the urban system shows the size of the municipalities present along the Olona river. It is visible how these centres ( most of all Varese, Busto Arsizio, Legnano, Rho, Milano and smallothers,) with their dimension, have an impact on the river itself, causing criticalities for the water and fragmentation of the spaces.

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XL SCALE Grey infrastructure Motorway and train line

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XL SCALE Grey infrastructure Urban areas

Varese 80 039 ab. 54,84 km2

Lozza 1 262 ab. 1,71 km2

Fagnano Olona 12 452 ab. 8,68 km2

Busto Arsizio 83 121 ab. 30,66 km2

Rho 49 609 ab. 22,24 km2 Legnano 1 262 ab. 1,71 km2

Milano 1 397 715 ab. 181,67 km2

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XL SCALE Green and grey infrastructure

Water Motorway Train line Urban area Agricolture Wood Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632

Green system Regional park Intermunicipality park National reserve

N

Expo area Vie d’Acque project

Scale 1:40 000 25


XL SCALE Blue infrastructure

The blue infrastructure is the one that gives the shape to the whole territory, around it urban centers have developed, which have also become large. Olona starts from the source in Monte Marcita (at Rasa di Varese) and ends in the Naviglio Grande, where it will continue its course in the southern Lambro.It has several tributaries, Bevera and Rio Lanza in the northern part of the river, Bozzente and Lura, instead, flow in the southern part, more precisely in the rhodense area. It is crossed perpendicularly by an artificial canal, built in the first half of the ‘50s and operating since 1980, the Canale Scolmatore Nord-Ovest (C.S.N.O), which serves to avoid flooding of waterways in those areas. It connects Seveso and Ticino rivers, which act as geographical limits. The analysis at the XL scale is carried out to understand the physical and environmental characteristics of the river. Starting from the definition of its valley, the location of monitoring station, the presence of depurator, critical areas and pollution, coming from industries, arrinving to analyze in detail its criticalities (water quality and flooding) and its causes (urbanization and industries). The maps and diagrams reported show a low water quality (according to Arpa data), especially in the southern municipality (Legnano and Rho), combined with a high probability of flooding in some urban areas, due to the little free space left to the river.

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XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Monitoring station

Varese

Castiglione Olona

Legnano

Rho

27


XL SCALE

1

Blue infrastructure Depurator

Varese

Gorlate Olona

Ologiate Olona

Canegrate

Parabiago

Pero

28


XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Critical areas

29


XL SCALE

1

Blue infrastructure Industries pollution

30


XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Flooding

High risk Medium risk Low risk

Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632

N Scale 1:40 000 31


XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Water quality

VareSe

lozza 0

0

6

5

6

Idraulic Characteristic Speed of the water 0,5 m3/s

Idraulic Characteristic

Chemical and microbiological parameter Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli

80% 3 10 1,33 3,5 0,3 80 000

Speed of the water 2,3 m3/s mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml

fagnano olona

0

6

6

Speed of the water 2 m3/s

Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli

Speed of the water 4 m3/s

0 2

6

80% 3 10 0,65 5,2 0,45 80 000

mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml

80% 3 11 0,89 6,5 0,55 80 000

5

Idraulic Characteristic

Chemical and microbiological parameter

Idraulic Characteristic

rho

Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli

legnano

0

Idraulic Characteristic

Chemical and microbiological parameter

Speed of the water 3 m3/s mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml

Chemical and microbiological parameter Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli

80% 5,9 30 2,62 7 0,75 60 000

mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml

Chemical and microbiological parameter Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli

60% 8,6 35 3,58 6 1,2 60 000

mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml

Source: Arpa 32


XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Water quality

VareSe

lozza

fagnano olona

legnano

rho

Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632

N Scale 1:40 000 33


XL SCALE Territorial strategy

The study carried out previously has allowed us to understand the characteristics of the Olona River, in particular its criticality and potential. We can see how it is a river that has little free space because of urbanization and its waters are not free to overflow, causing inconvenience when this happens. In addition, due to the presence of industries and the sewerage system, which pour their waste into its water, the quality of the Olona is affected, reaching two points out of twelve in the locality of Rho. The green system is not very connected to each other and especially there is little interaction with the river itself, creating a fragmentation of the landscape within this territory. For this reason it has been decided to carry out at this scale, a selection of open spaces (agricultural and not) along the river axis in order to intervene ecologically and sew up the spaces, previously fragmented. By doing so, it is possible to give new life and identity to these places by creating an ecological corridor, using the solution of the sponge park, along the Olona river, adding not only green spaces, but also spaces for the community, creating a relationship with the urban areas. The aim is to create an unique system that work in sinergy with the territory and the idea is to dedicate this selected areas to generate a sponge park. Sponge Park is a solution, proposed for the first time by DLANDstudio in the Gowanus Canal, designed to be able to generate strips of land that can absorb and contain water, to contain possible flooding and to improve the quality of water, through phytopurification. This solution makes it possible to improve the ecological status of the river, but also permits to mend the landscapes and the green systems of the territory and to create new eco-friendly spaces for the community. Vie d’Acque project is choosen because work in the same direction of this idea, that is to create a unique space (combining water, green and grey infrastructure) using the existing open spaces and for this reason it is perfect as a starting point of the XL startegy.

34


XL SCALE Territorial strategy Sponge park concept

35


XL SCALE Territorial strategy

Void Mixed area Solid

Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632

N Scale 1:40 000 36


L SCALE

Olona analysis along the green, grey and blue infrastructure L strategy


L SCALE

The information obtained at the XL scale allowed to take a step forward, going to analyze the territory at a more detailed territorial scale, the L scale, which includes the stretch of the Olona river between Legnano and the end of its course, at the beginning of west Milan. The first step was to add more information about the territory, in relation to the more detailed scale, always taking into account the three infrastructures previously analyzed. Then a more accurate analysis was made on the green system surrounding the territory, on the infrastructures that cross and connect the area and a reading of the characteristic elements of the landscape, such as farmhouses and historical buildings. Subsequently, as was done for the pretend scale, open spaces were selected, mainly of agricultural nature (which dominates the landscape), along the river axis, so as to create a reconnection between the river, the surrounding green spaces and the urban. The strategy is to create in these territories a sponge park, so lands able to absorb, contain and improve water through the process of phyto-purification. Thus building an ecological corridor along the Olona river and creating useful spaces not only from the environmental point of view, but also from the social one.

38


L SCALE Infrastructural system

Urban areas Train station Train line Motorway Bycicle line

39


L SCALE Green system

Natural reserve Intermunicipal park Regional park

40


L SCALE Places of interest

Farmhouses Cultural building

41


L SCALE Strategy

Water Mortway Train line Urban area Train station Bycicle line Agricolture area Quarry Leftover green Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632

Urban green Protected green area Wood Farmhouse

N Cultural building Scale 1:30 000 42


L SCALE Strategy

Puryfying the riVer

enhancing biodiVerSity

connection with the exiSting Water remediation basin

Reperian buffer Sponge park

Wetland

urban context 43

Rain garden


M SCALE

Olona analysis along the green, grey and blue infrastructure M strategy


M SCALE

The M-scale focuses exclusively on the urbanized area of Rho and the Mast, a public building dedicated to young people, offering spaces to support education and their leisure time. It was important to define at this scale of greater detail, the elements that make up the landscape of the area, not only from the point of view of their physical dimension, but also in terms of their texture and the imprint they give to the territory. For this reason it was decided to map, in addition to the infrastructure that cuts the city of Rho in two, all the landscape elements with their textures (trees, agricultural fields, greenery of various kinds) and also those buildings, which constitute an important framework, such as historic buildings, farmhouses, mills, cultural buildings (schools and libraries). This has led to a selection of open spaces, along the Olona River, which has led to the definition of the sponge park, and the ecological corridor that connects the two parks at the extreme of the boundaries of Rho (Parco del Basso Olona e il Parco dei cinque comuni). At the same time, in addition to fostering a horizontal connection, we thought of a vertical connection, through a slow mobility (bicycle and pedestrian paths), which would allow a vertical connection with the heart of the city and with some important buildings in Rho. This vertical connection has become necessary given the presence of the railway line, which cuts in a clear way the center of Rho with the proposed ecological corridor and the Mast. In order to make the Mast a focal point of the city’s framework, it was decided to create a synergy with the adjacent school buildings and the new nursery school that will rise in the area above, creating a living street school.

46


M SCALE Infrastructural system

Water Mast Bycicle line Train line Motorway

47


M SCALE Green system

Water Mast

48


M SCALE Place of interest

Water Mast Historic building Farmhouses Windmill Cultural building New nursery school 49


M SCALE Strategy Concept

Children playground

River Storage

New open space

Buffer zone

Slow mobility Sponge park

Phytodepuration New activity

Protecting

Adding

Reparing

Enhancing biodiversity

50


M SCALE Strategy Coordinate reference system

Structure

WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632

N Scale 1:10 000

Water Urban area Train station Mast Bycicle line Mast

51

New nursery school

Green park

Farmhouses

Agricultural area

Historic buildings

Urban green

Cultural building

Leftover green

Windmill

New slow mobility connection

Agriculture texture


M SCALE Strategy Intervention

Slow mobility connection

giVing new identiy

connection with the exiSting

Water remediation basin

Reperian buffer Sponge park

urban context

Wetland

52


S SCALE

Sponge park landscape project


S SCALE

In the S scale we enter the design phase of the sponge park, where elements are introduced to create a master plan in the landscape scale. The open spaces, previously selected, have become areas where different design choices have been applied to address the water issues and create spaces for the community. The most massive intervention was carried out in the Mast area, creating a relationship with the schools and the new adjacent nursery school (living street school) and introducing a new complex with both public and educational functions. In addition, from the point of view of open spaces, a horizontal park has been created, with the Mast as the opening, in which the banks of the river have been modeled in steps, so as to make less defined the limit of the river and allow it to overflow with more freedom. Other elements have been added to this park to have a greater use by the community, such as open and uncovered squares, children playground, social gardens and pavilions with refreshment activities. All these elements are held together by a ribbon that connects the park with the bike path, and allows the area to be reached in a sustainable way even from the city center. Along the ecological corridor there are other areas used both for the ecological improvement of the Olona river, such as wetlands, which are able to contain the floods of the river, but also to clean the water through a specific vegetation, and more leisure areas, where you can admire and get in touch with the water itself. The purpose of this intervention was to generate a place that could both solve an environmental problem and a meeting place for the city of Rho.

54


S SCALE Street living school

The construction of the new kindergarten in the area of Via San Martino, combined with the proximity of the primary and secondary schools in Via Tevere and the Mast building, will allow the creation of a true school campus, consistent with the “vision of the living street school”. A project contained in the urban regeneration plan (“Ponti, cerniere e modelli gestionali per la rigenerazione urbana”), a proposal of the municipality of Rho, for which the administration has obtained recognition and funding at the regional level, worth 18 million euros, for the development of the southern area of the city rhodense, between the districts of San Martino, San Michele and Lucernate.

55


S SCALE Functional masterplan

Water Bycicle line Train line Existing green system Reparian buffer zone Wetland Esplanade Sponge Living street school

56


S SCALE Flooding scenario

57


S SCALE Masterplan

N Scale 1:2 000

58


S SCALE Masterplan

Nursery school (future scenario)

59

Secondary school

Primary school

Nursery school


S SCALE Vegetation

ACQUATIC PLANTS

Phragmites australis

Typha latifolia

Sparganium erectum

Ceratophyllum demersum

Mentha aquatica rubra

BUSHES AND TREES

Ligustrum

Lauroceraso

Sambucus Nigra

Photinia

CornusAlba

60


S SCALE Section

Ribbon Reparian buffer zone

Section aa’

61

Ribbon

Wetland

Reparian buffer zone


S SCALE Section

Ribbon

Esplanade

Reparian buffer zone

Section bb’

62


S SCALE Section

Ribbon

Section cc’

63

Esplanade

Reparian buffer zone


S SCALE Section

Esplanade

Ribbon

Section dd’

64


S SCALE Axonometry

axonometry a

a b

axonometry b c

axonometry c 65


XS SCALE

Architectural design


XS SCALE

In the architectural scale, the attention has been focused in one of the parts of the ecological corridor, more precisely in the area where the Mast rises. The aim of the project is to create and make the Mast a new focal point for the city of Rho, focusing the intervention by creating spaces for the community, having a particular attention to young people. In fact, the new construction of a nursery school and the nearby schools, have led to the inclusion of a new building capable of hosting workshops and study rooms for young people. The new complex, which will also feature activities such as bars, web radios and a music room, has been positioned perpendicular to the river in order to create a visual relationship with the Olona and behind the Mast in order to create a public square. The banks of the river have been redesigned with a stepped structure, a mineral part and a more natural part, in order to create the sponge park, giving more space to the river and allowing people to get in touch with the water. Within this project there are punctual elements, similar to antennas, which depending on where they are positioned have different functions: near the river they become columns for lighting, in order to mark more clearly the presence of water, in the square they become elements that generate an arcade and supports for tents and thus obscure the square, along the ribbon are, however, ground lighting. Play areas for children and young people are positioned along the park, as well as seats and social gardens. It has been thought a ribbon as a unifying element of all the elements positioned, which starts from the entrance of Mast and connects with the existing bike path and then continues throughout the direction of the park.

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XS SCALE Mast

what could be ?

what iS now ?

a Social SPace for young PeoPle

attractor Point

muSic room

meeting SPace

MAST tutoring

workShoP area

educational SPace

web radio

oPen SPaceS anonimouS no identity

Proximity to olona Proximity to the city centre

lack of connection not enought attractiVe

criticality

69

SPace for PeoPle

Potentiality


XS SCALE Concept diagram

Mast as isolated space

Breaking borders

Establishing new relation

Connection with the river

70


XS SCALE Antenna

Porch Lightning antenna with canopies Basement lightning Lightning river antenna

71


XS SCALE Flooding scheme

72


XS SCALE Masterplan Winter configuration

N Scale 1:500

73


XS SCALE Axonometry Summer configuration

N Scale 1:500

74


XS SCALE Ground floor

N Scale 1:500

75


XS SCALE Functional scheme

Plan

3° 2° 1° 0° -1°

Section 76


XS SCALE Plan

Ground floor + 0.00 m

N Scale 1:200

77


XS SCALE Plan

First floor + 3.25 m

N Scale 1:200

78


XS SCALE Plan

Third floor + 6.50 m

N Scale 1:200

79


XS SCALE Plan

Fourth floor + 9.75 m

N Scale 1:200

80


XS SCALE Section

81


XS SCALE Section

82


XS SCALE Visualization

1

83


XS SCALE Visualization

2

84


XS SCALE Visualization

3

85


XS SCALE Model

Strategic model XL Territorial strategy

86


XS SCALE Model

Masterplan 500

87


XS SCALE Model

Masterplan 500

88


DESIGN REFERENCES


DESIGN

REFERENCES

Gowanus Canal Sponge Park DLANDstudio New York City

Over decades, industry has polluted the soil and canal bed, accumulating dangerous industrial toxins in the water. In addition New York’s combined sewer system regular discharges into the Gowanus, adding further pollution. Access to the water’s edge is limited to publicly-owned streets that terminate at the canal.Realising the need for a unified plan for the development of publically accessible and environmentally remedial open space system for the Gowanus, DLANDstudio created the Sponge Park™ Masterplan. The Masterplan proposes a strategy of urban stitching, connecting the public and private lands adjacent to the canal to create a continuous esplanade with recreational spaces running the length of the canal. Existing public street ends would serve as entry-parks providing access to the esplanade and the water. The most unique feature of the park is its character as a working landscape: its ability to improve the environment of the canal over time while simultaneously supporting active public engagement with the canal ecosystem.

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REFERENCES

Ningbo Eastern New Town Ecological Corridor Turenscape China

The original channelized river is transformed into a meandering eco-friendly waterway dotted with tree isles to increase the interface between organisms and water bodies to empower the river’s purification capacity. The project uses productive crops and annual flowers that are rotated to bring seasonal surprise and agricultural vitality to the growing city. Boardwalks are designed to allow visitors to have intimate experience of the nature and the nostalgic pastoral landscape. Pavilions made of corten steel floats on wetlands and terraces, giving the ecological corridor a touch of contemporary urban life and art. This project demonstrated landscape as an ecological infrastructure that heal the degraded ecological system meanwhile provided social and cultural services to the establishing communities.

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REFERENCES

Azteca Pavillion Dining room a|911 Mexico City

The Azteca Pavillion Dininr room is an architectural project developed to reinforce the new integral vision of the company with the creation of workspaces and offices intended for employees and executives to use indistinctively. The main feature of this project is that rooms are contained in glass cubes of different sizes, all under the shelter of a large deck and connected to each other by a central walkway that distributes the new corridors and outdoor plazas. In this way, the horizontality of the hierarchies and the transparency are highlighted by making evident the several indoor usage. An interesting feature is the relationship with exterior with the design of steps that permits the access in one side of the building and, at the same time, they become a space of gathering

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REFERENCES

Blue School Middle School PellOverton Architects

The main feature of this project is the coiled wire fabric, used as a room divider for learning environments, adding a translucent element of privacy to the area. Simultaneously, the permeable properties of the material allow for the connection between the formal spaces of education (classrooms) and informal learning spaces, creating a fluidity and “horizontality” among its users. This solution permits to have a more flexible space inside the plan and to have bigger rooms for educational activity or more private space for specific activity.

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REFERENCES

WeGrow Big New York

BIG studio designed the a school to suit the Montessori approach to teaching, method that focuses on educating children through play and interacting with their environment. In fact, the design centres around an open-plan classroom, installed with a series of furniture to suit activities ranging from play, reading, yoga, dance, athletics and martial art. Curvaceous wooden reading dens and lily-pad-like cushions for jumping on are among the playful features that was applied in this project. There are present curvaceous structures, built from layers of wood for the children to clamber in and out of. Two are suspended from the ceiling via white-painted metal rods. One has steps that lead up to the elevated interior, with openings in the slatted walls providing glimpses outside. The other pod is lifted above the ground so that the students have to climb inside. A third structure, resting on the ground, is designed so that a circular opening in its top is placed at an angle to make it easier to access.

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REFERENCES

Convention Center of Lucerna Jean Nouvel Lucerna, Switzerland

The Convention Center of Lucerna is located in the city center, on the shores of Lake Vienrwaldstatter. The complex has different volumes, connected by a vast cover that is separated from the upper floors overlooking the lake, with a projection of 45 m light on its diagonal. The Center has a concert hall seats 1840, nine-seat multipurpose room and a museum with a conference room seats three hundred. Three main buildings are aligned perpendicularly below a huge horizontal structure, like a pagoda, the roof covers the three architectural masses that make up the building: conceived so as to harmonize with the horizontal center extension of the lake, inviting visitors to spend time abroad. The roof at its top rafters is textured by copper-clad steel. Where the metallic undercoating reflects the environment in contrast to the water plane

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REFERENCES

Tikkurila River Park LOCI Landscape Architects Ltd Tikkurilantie, Finland

The Tikkurila River Park is developing into an outdoor living room that is a green pair for the urban Tikkurila centre. The park is placed on a hill and surrounded by beautiful old trees. The cultural history of Tikkurila is a supporting theme: the key attraction of the park is water play shaped like the River Keravanjoki which flows alongside. The iconic riverside buildings have their miniature versions next to the water play. At the water play, kids can try out how water dams work. The playground equipment was chosen carefully to match the natural theme. A custom-made steel fence surrounds the playground with its reed inspired design. Visitors to the river shore will be treated to a variety of new experiences including the ability to sit and dip your toes on the water seating stairs, have a picnic on the new wooden platforms, and admire the view from the viewing deck on the river. The pair of seating stairs that lead to the water have a real connection to the water. The lowest stairs are usually underwater. The stairs offer great views of the river.

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REFERENCES

Nathan Phillips Square Revitalization PLANT Architect/Perkins+Wil Toronto, Canada

One of the feature of the project is the elevated walkways frame the Square and focus views towards the council chamber – as in the Athenian agora, the threshold of a porch at the perimeter clearly defined the interior void. To strengthen the coherence of the Square, the design team executed four tactical moves: – open the Square – remove clutter at the centre to accommodate all kinds of large cultural gatherings, – create programmed, porous, landscaped “green rooms” around the perimeter to frame the square, – create new activated connections between the raised walkway and the Square, – strengthen links between levels and between zones using new architecture as the bridge to connect the two levels of the Square.

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REFERENCES

Sky garden SO? Architecture and Ideas Instanbul, Turkey

Sky Garden is a suspended garden in Ortaköy Square which is one of the most touristic and busiest squares in Istanbul. The garden with assorted plants, provides seating and shadow as well, during the flower festival. Being suspended, the garden acts as a roof which people can stay under and watch Bosphorus. Just like a tree with different branches, the garden flies between the sky and the Bosphorus with each pot, while the pulley system lets the pots go down for a closer look of visitors. The mechanism that lets the hanging pots move up and down, is a simple pulley system. Since the pots are equally weighted, they remain aligned when in balance. If a visitor pulls one of the pots to look at the plant closer, than the equivalent pot is lifted.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY


BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.Vercelloni V., Atlante storico di Milano, città di Lombardia, L’archivolto, Milano, 1989 2.De Finetti G., a cura di Cislaghi G.,De Benedetti M., Marabelli P., Milano: costruzione di una città, Milano,U. Hoepli, 2002 3.Bovati M., Coppetti B., Il progetto sostenibile degli spazi aperti nell’Ovest Milano, Maggioli editore, Milano, 2012 4.https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioRedazionale/servizi-e-informazioni/Enti-e-Operatori/territorio/interventi-per-l-assetto-idrogeologico/fiumi-sicuri/interventi-assetto-idrogeologico-fiume-olona/interventi-assetto-idrogeologico-fiume-olona 5.https://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it 6.https://www.arpalombardia.it/Pages/ARPA_Home_Page.aspx 7.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/APPLICAZIONE DELL’INDICE DI FUNZIONALITA’ FLUVIALE (I F F ) SU DIVERSI CORSI D’ACQUA ITALIANI/3.5-3.9_INQUAD_AMB.pdf 8.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/APPLICAZIONE%20DELL’INDICE%20DI%20FUNZIONALITA’%20 FLUVIALE%20(I%20F%20F%20)%20SU%20DIVERSI%20CORSI%20D’ACQUA%20ITALIANI/3.2-3.4_INQ_AMB.pdf 9.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/APPLICAZIONE%20DELL’INDICE%20DI%20FUNZIONALITA’%20 FLUVIALE%20(I%20F%20F%20)%20SU%20DIVERSI%20CORSI%20D’ACQUA%20ITALIANI/3.1_INQUAD_AMB.pdf 10.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/Stato delle acque superficiali - 2014/Rapporto_annuale_bacini_Lambro_Olona_2014.pdf 11. https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/Stato%20delle%20acque%20superficiali%20-%202012/STATO%20 DELLE%20ACQUE%20SUPERFICIALI%20DELLA%20PROVINCIA%20DI%20MILANO_2012.pdf 12.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/Progetto%20Fiumi%20-%202009-2012%20-%20Report/Report_Progetto_FIUMI.pdf

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13. http://ita.arpalombardia.it/ITA/console/files/download/23/3_lura_molgora_olona.pdf 14. https://festivalacqua.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4f0aeb682dd9c9f2f096843471c9bf20.pdf 15. https://www.carloezechieli.com/Milan-EXPO2015-Expo-Park-copy 16.https://dlandstudio.com/Gowanus-Canal-Sponge-Park-Masterplan 17.https://www.metropolismag.com/cities/the-sponge-park-cleaning-one-of-americas-most-polluted-waterways/ 18.https://the-atlas.com/projects/gowanus-canal-sponge-park# 19.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/nyregion/sponge-park-in-brooklyn-to-treatpolluted-waters-of-gowanus-canal.html?_r=0 20.https://www.asla.org/2010awards/064.html 21.https://www.youbuildweb.it/2021/06/10/sponge-park-una-spugna-verde-per-salvare-il-gowanus-canal-di-new-york/ 22.https://big.dk/#projects-wes1 23.https://www.archdaily.com/905947/sliding-room-dividers-flexible-spaces-made-of-metal-mesh?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all 24.https://www.archdaily.com/958674/azteca-pavilion-dining-room-plus-market-a-911?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ all 25.http://landezine.com 26. http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/projects/centre-de-culture-et-des-congres/ 27. https://www.turenscape.com/en/home/index.html 28.

https://www.comune.rho.mi.it/it-it/avvisi/2021/comunicati-stampa/in-progetto-un-nuovo-asilo-nido-in-via-san-martino-199373-1-0b-

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