SPONGE PARK® STRATEGY ALONG THE OLONA RIVER AND MAST REGENERATION, A RECEPTIVE POLE FOR INTERGENERATIONAL PUBLIC LIFE IN RHO
POLITECNICO DI MILANO 1863 School of urban architecture conStruction engineering
Student Andrea Montalto 10526337 926147 Supervisor Prof. Barbara Coppetti Co-supervisor Prof. Carlo Ezechieli Graduation session July 2021
CONTENT ABSTRACT
5
Territorial strategy
34
Sponge park concept
1G
ENERAL OVERVIEW
7
Location
3
SCALE
13
Mast
Flooding scenario Masterplan
Places of interest
Winter configuration
Strategy
Summer configuration Plan
Green infrastructure
4
Olona valley Geographical limits
M SCALE Green system
Intermunicipality park
Places of interest
Regional park
Strategy
Vie d’Acque project
22
Motorway and train line
Section
45
Visualization
Infrastructural system
Natural reserve
Grey infrastructure
67
Antenna Green system
History and evolution
XS SCALE Concept diagram
37
Infrastructural system
Feature
2 XL
L SCALE
6
Model
7
DESIGN REFERENCES 89 Gowanus Canal Sponge park
Concept
Ningbo Eastern New Town Ecological
Structure
Corridor
Axonometry
Azteca Pavillion Dining room
Urban areas
Blue School Middle School
Green and grey infrastructure
5
S SCALE
53
WeGrow
Street living school
Convention Center of Lucerna
Monitoring station
Functional masterplan
Tikkurila River Park
Depurator
Flooding scenario
Nathan Phillips Square Revitalization
Critical areas
Masterplan
Sky Garden
Industry pollution
Section
Flooding
Axonometry
Blue infrastructure
Water quality
26
8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
97
4
ABSTRACT
5
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare, studiare e risolvere, attraverso un’attenta progettazione, le problematiche e potenzialità degli spazi aperti lungo il fiume Olona. Un fiume nell’Ovest milanese, che parte dal Monte Martica ( a Rasa di Varese) e che conclude il suo percorso nel Naviglio Grande, sfociando nel Lambro meridionale.
The focus of this thesis is to analyze, study and solve, through careful design, the problems and potential of open spaces along the Olona River. A river in the west of Milan, which starts from Monte Martica (in Rasa di Varese) and ends its course in the Naviglio Grande, flowing into the southern Lambro.
L’Olona presenta diverse criticità, una fra tutte è lo spazio ristretto del suo letto, che è stato ristretto nel corso degli anni per via di una forte urbanizzazione. Attraversa diversi centri urbani di media e grande dimensione (tra cui Varese, Busto Arsizio, Legano e Rho). Questa urbanizzazione, non solo ha portato alla restrizione dei suoi limiti, creando notevoli disagi durante i periodi di esondazioni, ma ha portato anche a una bassa qualità dell’acqua, per la presenza di un impianto fognario e di industrie che scaricano i loro rifiuti nelle sue acque.
The Olona has several criticalities, one among all is the narrow space of its bed, which has been restricted over the years due to a strong urbanization. It crosses several medium and large urban centers, (including Varese, Busto Arsizio, Legano and Rho). This urbanization has not only led to the restriction of its limits, creating considerable inconvenience during periods of flooding, but has also led to low water quality, due to the presence of a sewage plant and industries that discharge their waste into its waters.
Il percorso, che ho deciso di intraprendere, è stato quello di analizzare su diverse scale (partendo da una scala territoriale fino ad arrivare a una scala più di dettaglio architettonico), l’olona e gli spazi aperti lungo il suo asse. Per poter definire una strategia a scala più ampia i possibili interventi, migliorando la condizione dal punto di vista ambientale e creando spazi per la comunità, usano la soluzione dello sponge park per ridefinire gli spazi aperti.
The path, which I decided to undertake, was to analyze on different scales (starting from a territorial scale up to a more detailed architectural scale), the Olona river and the open spaces along its axis. In order to define a strategy at a larger scale possible interventions, improving the condition from the environmental point of view and creating spaces for the community, using the sponge park solution to redefine the open spaces.
Il Mast è un edificio situato nell’area rhodense, lungo le sponde del fiume ed è uno spazio dedicato prevalentemente ai giovani senza essere un punto focale e d’interesse per la comunità. La tesi vuole lavorare attorno a questo edificio, riattivando gli spazi aperti limitrofi, attraverso la realizzazione di uno sponge park e creando una sinergia con le scuole aggiungendo nuovi spazi didattici per giovani e attività pubbliche.
The Mast is a building located in the rhodense area, along the banks of the river and is a space dedicated mainly to young people without being a focal point and interest for the community. The thesis wants to work around this building, reactivating the neighboring open spaces, through the creation of a sponge park and creating a synergy with schools by adding new educational spaces for young people and public activities.
GENERAL OVERVIEW Location
Italy
7
Lombardy
GENERAL OVERVIEW Feature
hydrological featureS
Point of origin
19 TRIBUTARIES RASA DI VARESE 548 a.s.l
AVERAGE RIVERBED WIDTH:
8-12 M
MAX RIVERBED WIDTH:
16 M
Point of end AVERAGE SLOPE:
0,6%
LAMBRO MERIDIONALE RIVER BASIN: AVERAGE FLOW:
911 KM2
6,22 M/S2
ecological StatuS
lenght 104 KM
LOW 4 PROVINCE
45 MUNICIPALITIES
Source: Arpa
8
GENERAL OVERVIEW Feature
Olona Bevera Rio Lanza
1
2 Seveso
Bozzente
Lura
4
3 5 Villoresi Canal
6
1. Varese Ticino
2. Lozza 3. Busto arsizio 7
4. Fagnano Olona 5. Legnano
C.S.N.O
6. Rho 7. Milano
9
GENERAL OVERVIEW History and evolution
Already in Roman times it underwent its first “deviation” from its natural bed (the route of which has been lost) to supply water to the defensive moat of the city of Milan. In the 16th century, while the navigli (canals) were being dug, the waters were diverted to supply the dock, which they continued to do in daylight until it was progressively filled in completely during the 20th century. In the post-war period, more and more factories began to spring up around the city and, in the absence of today’s environmental awareness, the Olona was used to discharge the sewage they produced, soon turning it into a malodorous open-air sewer. To solve the problem, in the 1950s, work began to cover the Olona along both the ring road and the dock branch, and by 1970 it had disappeared from the streets. After a few years, when the “dock branch” was closed to avoid the risk of hydrogeological pollution, its waters stopped reaching the city centre. Since then, the waters of the Olona have continued to flow along the ring roads underground as far as their only mouth in the southern Lambro.
Source: Beic, biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura
10
GENERAL OVERVIEW History and evolution
1580
Cartography by Egnazio Danti
11
1778
Cartography by Benedetto Bordiga
1818-1829
Secondary military survey of the Hasburg Empire
XL SCALE
Olona analysis along the green, grey and blue infrastructure XL strategy
XL SCALE Green infrastructure
The first part of the thesis project, conducted in the XL scale to understand better the quality, the criticality and the feature of the Olona river, is focused on the analysis of the three primary infrastructures, which govern the territory of the west of Milan. The three infrastructures are: green, grey (circulation) and blue (water). The first part of the analysis concerns the green infrastructure, in which the large green systems that characterize this territory have been reported. Regional parks, parks of intermunicipal interest and nature reserves have been taken into consideration in order to understand the relationship between these large systems, the Olona River and the urban system. It can be seen that these systems are separated from each other and there is no real correlation with the river itself or with the urban context. This fragmentation is caused by a strong urbanization that develops in an important way along the river during the years. It provoked a separation of the entire system. Within this study a project (Vie d’Acque project) has been included, not completely realized in the Expo area, in the west of Milan. This is a project that promises to work with the identity of the place, going to propose an organic scenario of landscape recomposition of open spaces, combining together different native elements of the place: water, agricultural land, rural system and green.It was choosen for its capacity to create a unique system , where green, water, and grey elements works together.
14
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Olona valley
15
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Geographical limits
Bevera
Olona
Ticino
Rio Lanza
Bozzente
Lura
Seveso
C.S.N.O Darsena
Naviglio Grande
16
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Natural reserve
1
2
3
4
6
1 Parco Naturale Campo dei fiori 2 Parco Naturale della Spina Verde 3 Parco della Pineta di Appiano Gentile
5
4 Parco naturale delle Groane 5 Parco naturale lombardo della valle del Ticino 6 Bosco WWF Vanzago
17
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Intermunicipality park
1
2
3 10 4
5
7
10
6
8
9
1 Parco Valle della Bevera 2 Parco Rile Tenore Olona 3 Parco del Medio Olona 4 Bosco del Rugareto 5 Parco dei Mughetti 6 Parco dei Mulini 7 Parco Alto Milanese 8 Parco del Roccolo 9 Parco del Basso Olona 10 Parco del Torrente Lura 18
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Regional park
1
2
3
4
1 Parco Campo dei fiori 2 Parco Spina Verde
5
3 Parco della Pineta di Appiano Gentile 6
4 Parco delle Groane 5 Parco lombardo della valle del Ticino 6 Parco Agricolo Sud
19
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Vie d’Acque project
The Vie d’Acque project is a project of connection between the city and the territory, which is established in the west of Milan, near the Expo area. In this project water is a fundamental element, it is a primary element for the nutrition of the planet and a territorial matrix of the Lombard agricultural plain and historical infrastructure of relationship between the city of Milan and the surrounding area. The Vie d’Acque project aims to achieve environmental quality and hydraulic and irrigation functionality of the water network, to connote and redevelop open spaces and enhance the landscape of the territory. It outlines an articulated program of interventions that combine, at different territorial scales, the objectives of preservation and enhancement of the landscape, particularly rural, with those of hydraulic defense and rehabilitation of river systems and irrigation network, aiming at the careful exploitation of existing resources. This is a complex and extensive project proposal, which develops on several levels, proposing an organic scenario of landscape recomposition of the open spaces of the west of Milan and which finds its strength in the re-proposition of the networks of surface hydrography as productive, environmental and landscape matrix of the rural and green system. The project is realized through different types of interventions from the city center (Darsena) to the west of Milan (new canal of the Waterway and related pedestrian and bicycle path) to get to the Ticino (green-blue ring). The purpose of the project is to combine the hydraulic needs of the new canal with those of its careful integration into the context, contributing, where possible, to improve the landscape of the places crossed and enhance the opportunities for use.
20
XL SCALE Green infrastructure Vie d’Acque project
21
XL SCALE Grey infrastructure
The second analysis is a study of the gray infrastructure, so the connections this area offers. These infrastructures are characteristic elements of this territory, due to their size, connecting the different urban centers, but at the same time dividing and fragmenting the landscape. A study has been carried out on the main connecting routes (highways and railway lines) that connect the various urban centers. The urban centers crossed by the river have also been analyzed, in order to understand the quality of the territory and the vastness of the same. It is possible to deduce how urban centers fragment the territory even more, not allowing, except in rare cases, any relationship between the green system and the water system. A study regarding the density of the urban system shows the size of the municipalities present along the Olona river. It is visible how these centres ( most of all Varese, Busto Arsizio, Legnano, Rho, Milano and smallothers,) with their dimension, have an impact on the river itself, causing criticalities for the water and fragmentation of the spaces.
22
XL SCALE Grey infrastructure Motorway and train line
23
XL SCALE Grey infrastructure Urban areas
Varese 80 039 ab. 54,84 km2
Lozza 1 262 ab. 1,71 km2
Fagnano Olona 12 452 ab. 8,68 km2
Busto Arsizio 83 121 ab. 30,66 km2
Rho 49 609 ab. 22,24 km2 Legnano 1 262 ab. 1,71 km2
Milano 1 397 715 ab. 181,67 km2
24
XL SCALE Green and grey infrastructure
Water Motorway Train line Urban area Agricolture Wood Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632
Green system Regional park Intermunicipality park National reserve
N
Expo area Vie d’Acque project
Scale 1:40 000 25
XL SCALE Blue infrastructure
The blue infrastructure is the one that gives the shape to the whole territory, around it urban centers have developed, which have also become large. Olona starts from the source in Monte Marcita (at Rasa di Varese) and ends in the Naviglio Grande, where it will continue its course in the southern Lambro.It has several tributaries, Bevera and Rio Lanza in the northern part of the river, Bozzente and Lura, instead, flow in the southern part, more precisely in the rhodense area. It is crossed perpendicularly by an artificial canal, built in the first half of the ‘50s and operating since 1980, the Canale Scolmatore Nord-Ovest (C.S.N.O), which serves to avoid flooding of waterways in those areas. It connects Seveso and Ticino rivers, which act as geographical limits. The analysis at the XL scale is carried out to understand the physical and environmental characteristics of the river. Starting from the definition of its valley, the location of monitoring station, the presence of depurator, critical areas and pollution, coming from industries, arrinving to analyze in detail its criticalities (water quality and flooding) and its causes (urbanization and industries). The maps and diagrams reported show a low water quality (according to Arpa data), especially in the southern municipality (Legnano and Rho), combined with a high probability of flooding in some urban areas, due to the little free space left to the river.
26
XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Monitoring station
Varese
Castiglione Olona
Legnano
Rho
27
XL SCALE
1
Blue infrastructure Depurator
Varese
Gorlate Olona
Ologiate Olona
Canegrate
Parabiago
Pero
28
XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Critical areas
29
XL SCALE
1
Blue infrastructure Industries pollution
30
XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Flooding
High risk Medium risk Low risk
Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632
N Scale 1:40 000 31
XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Water quality
VareSe
lozza 0
0
6
5
6
Idraulic Characteristic Speed of the water 0,5 m3/s
Idraulic Characteristic
Chemical and microbiological parameter Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli
80% 3 10 1,33 3,5 0,3 80 000
Speed of the water 2,3 m3/s mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml
fagnano olona
0
6
6
Speed of the water 2 m3/s
Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli
Speed of the water 4 m3/s
0 2
6
80% 3 10 0,65 5,2 0,45 80 000
mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml
80% 3 11 0,89 6,5 0,55 80 000
5
Idraulic Characteristic
Chemical and microbiological parameter
Idraulic Characteristic
rho
Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli
legnano
0
Idraulic Characteristic
Chemical and microbiological parameter
Speed of the water 3 m3/s mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml
Chemical and microbiological parameter Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli
80% 5,9 30 2,62 7 0,75 60 000
mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml
Chemical and microbiological parameter Dissolved Oxygen BOD5 COD Ammonia Nitrates Total phosphorus Escherichia Coli
60% 8,6 35 3,58 6 1,2 60 000
mgO2/l mgO2/l mgN/l mgN/l mgP/l UFC/100ml
Source: Arpa 32
XL SCALE Blue infrastructure Water quality
VareSe
lozza
fagnano olona
legnano
rho
Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632
N Scale 1:40 000 33
XL SCALE Territorial strategy
The study carried out previously has allowed us to understand the characteristics of the Olona River, in particular its criticality and potential. We can see how it is a river that has little free space because of urbanization and its waters are not free to overflow, causing inconvenience when this happens. In addition, due to the presence of industries and the sewerage system, which pour their waste into its water, the quality of the Olona is affected, reaching two points out of twelve in the locality of Rho. The green system is not very connected to each other and especially there is little interaction with the river itself, creating a fragmentation of the landscape within this territory. For this reason it has been decided to carry out at this scale, a selection of open spaces (agricultural and not) along the river axis in order to intervene ecologically and sew up the spaces, previously fragmented. By doing so, it is possible to give new life and identity to these places by creating an ecological corridor, using the solution of the sponge park, along the Olona river, adding not only green spaces, but also spaces for the community, creating a relationship with the urban areas. The aim is to create an unique system that work in sinergy with the territory and the idea is to dedicate this selected areas to generate a sponge park. Sponge Park is a solution, proposed for the first time by DLANDstudio in the Gowanus Canal, designed to be able to generate strips of land that can absorb and contain water, to contain possible flooding and to improve the quality of water, through phytopurification. This solution makes it possible to improve the ecological status of the river, but also permits to mend the landscapes and the green systems of the territory and to create new eco-friendly spaces for the community. Vie d’Acque project is choosen because work in the same direction of this idea, that is to create a unique space (combining water, green and grey infrastructure) using the existing open spaces and for this reason it is perfect as a starting point of the XL startegy.
34
XL SCALE Territorial strategy Sponge park concept
35
XL SCALE Territorial strategy
Void Mixed area Solid
Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632
N Scale 1:40 000 36
L SCALE
Olona analysis along the green, grey and blue infrastructure L strategy
L SCALE
The information obtained at the XL scale allowed to take a step forward, going to analyze the territory at a more detailed territorial scale, the L scale, which includes the stretch of the Olona river between Legnano and the end of its course, at the beginning of west Milan. The first step was to add more information about the territory, in relation to the more detailed scale, always taking into account the three infrastructures previously analyzed. Then a more accurate analysis was made on the green system surrounding the territory, on the infrastructures that cross and connect the area and a reading of the characteristic elements of the landscape, such as farmhouses and historical buildings. Subsequently, as was done for the pretend scale, open spaces were selected, mainly of agricultural nature (which dominates the landscape), along the river axis, so as to create a reconnection between the river, the surrounding green spaces and the urban. The strategy is to create in these territories a sponge park, so lands able to absorb, contain and improve water through the process of phyto-purification. Thus building an ecological corridor along the Olona river and creating useful spaces not only from the environmental point of view, but also from the social one.
38
L SCALE Infrastructural system
Urban areas Train station Train line Motorway Bycicle line
39
L SCALE Green system
Natural reserve Intermunicipal park Regional park
40
L SCALE Places of interest
Farmhouses Cultural building
41
L SCALE Strategy
Water Mortway Train line Urban area Train station Bycicle line Agricolture area Quarry Leftover green Coordinate reference system WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632
Urban green Protected green area Wood Farmhouse
N Cultural building Scale 1:30 000 42
L SCALE Strategy
Puryfying the riVer
enhancing biodiVerSity
connection with the exiSting Water remediation basin
Reperian buffer Sponge park
Wetland
urban context 43
Rain garden
M SCALE
Olona analysis along the green, grey and blue infrastructure M strategy
M SCALE
The M-scale focuses exclusively on the urbanized area of Rho and the Mast, a public building dedicated to young people, offering spaces to support education and their leisure time. It was important to define at this scale of greater detail, the elements that make up the landscape of the area, not only from the point of view of their physical dimension, but also in terms of their texture and the imprint they give to the territory. For this reason it was decided to map, in addition to the infrastructure that cuts the city of Rho in two, all the landscape elements with their textures (trees, agricultural fields, greenery of various kinds) and also those buildings, which constitute an important framework, such as historic buildings, farmhouses, mills, cultural buildings (schools and libraries). This has led to a selection of open spaces, along the Olona River, which has led to the definition of the sponge park, and the ecological corridor that connects the two parks at the extreme of the boundaries of Rho (Parco del Basso Olona e il Parco dei cinque comuni). At the same time, in addition to fostering a horizontal connection, we thought of a vertical connection, through a slow mobility (bicycle and pedestrian paths), which would allow a vertical connection with the heart of the city and with some important buildings in Rho. This vertical connection has become necessary given the presence of the railway line, which cuts in a clear way the center of Rho with the proposed ecological corridor and the Mast. In order to make the Mast a focal point of the city’s framework, it was decided to create a synergy with the adjacent school buildings and the new nursery school that will rise in the area above, creating a living street school.
46
M SCALE Infrastructural system
Water Mast Bycicle line Train line Motorway
47
M SCALE Green system
Water Mast
48
M SCALE Place of interest
Water Mast Historic building Farmhouses Windmill Cultural building New nursery school 49
M SCALE Strategy Concept
Children playground
River Storage
New open space
Buffer zone
Slow mobility Sponge park
Phytodepuration New activity
Protecting
Adding
Reparing
Enhancing biodiversity
50
M SCALE Strategy Coordinate reference system
Structure
WGS 84/ UTM zone 32 N EPSG: 32632
N Scale 1:10 000
Water Urban area Train station Mast Bycicle line Mast
51
New nursery school
Green park
Farmhouses
Agricultural area
Historic buildings
Urban green
Cultural building
Leftover green
Windmill
New slow mobility connection
Agriculture texture
M SCALE Strategy Intervention
Slow mobility connection
giVing new identiy
connection with the exiSting
Water remediation basin
Reperian buffer Sponge park
urban context
Wetland
52
S SCALE
Sponge park landscape project
S SCALE
In the S scale we enter the design phase of the sponge park, where elements are introduced to create a master plan in the landscape scale. The open spaces, previously selected, have become areas where different design choices have been applied to address the water issues and create spaces for the community. The most massive intervention was carried out in the Mast area, creating a relationship with the schools and the new adjacent nursery school (living street school) and introducing a new complex with both public and educational functions. In addition, from the point of view of open spaces, a horizontal park has been created, with the Mast as the opening, in which the banks of the river have been modeled in steps, so as to make less defined the limit of the river and allow it to overflow with more freedom. Other elements have been added to this park to have a greater use by the community, such as open and uncovered squares, children playground, social gardens and pavilions with refreshment activities. All these elements are held together by a ribbon that connects the park with the bike path, and allows the area to be reached in a sustainable way even from the city center. Along the ecological corridor there are other areas used both for the ecological improvement of the Olona river, such as wetlands, which are able to contain the floods of the river, but also to clean the water through a specific vegetation, and more leisure areas, where you can admire and get in touch with the water itself. The purpose of this intervention was to generate a place that could both solve an environmental problem and a meeting place for the city of Rho.
54
S SCALE Street living school
The construction of the new kindergarten in the area of Via San Martino, combined with the proximity of the primary and secondary schools in Via Tevere and the Mast building, will allow the creation of a true school campus, consistent with the “vision of the living street school”. A project contained in the urban regeneration plan (“Ponti, cerniere e modelli gestionali per la rigenerazione urbana”), a proposal of the municipality of Rho, for which the administration has obtained recognition and funding at the regional level, worth 18 million euros, for the development of the southern area of the city rhodense, between the districts of San Martino, San Michele and Lucernate.
55
S SCALE Functional masterplan
Water Bycicle line Train line Existing green system Reparian buffer zone Wetland Esplanade Sponge Living street school
56
S SCALE Flooding scenario
57
S SCALE Masterplan
N Scale 1:2 000
58
S SCALE Masterplan
Nursery school (future scenario)
59
Secondary school
Primary school
Nursery school
S SCALE Vegetation
ACQUATIC PLANTS
Phragmites australis
Typha latifolia
Sparganium erectum
Ceratophyllum demersum
Mentha aquatica rubra
BUSHES AND TREES
Ligustrum
Lauroceraso
Sambucus Nigra
Photinia
CornusAlba
60
S SCALE Section
Ribbon Reparian buffer zone
Section aa’
61
Ribbon
Wetland
Reparian buffer zone
S SCALE Section
Ribbon
Esplanade
Reparian buffer zone
Section bb’
62
S SCALE Section
Ribbon
Section cc’
63
Esplanade
Reparian buffer zone
S SCALE Section
Esplanade
Ribbon
Section dd’
64
S SCALE Axonometry
axonometry a
a b
axonometry b c
axonometry c 65
XS SCALE
Architectural design
XS SCALE
In the architectural scale, the attention has been focused in one of the parts of the ecological corridor, more precisely in the area where the Mast rises. The aim of the project is to create and make the Mast a new focal point for the city of Rho, focusing the intervention by creating spaces for the community, having a particular attention to young people. In fact, the new construction of a nursery school and the nearby schools, have led to the inclusion of a new building capable of hosting workshops and study rooms for young people. The new complex, which will also feature activities such as bars, web radios and a music room, has been positioned perpendicular to the river in order to create a visual relationship with the Olona and behind the Mast in order to create a public square. The banks of the river have been redesigned with a stepped structure, a mineral part and a more natural part, in order to create the sponge park, giving more space to the river and allowing people to get in touch with the water. Within this project there are punctual elements, similar to antennas, which depending on where they are positioned have different functions: near the river they become columns for lighting, in order to mark more clearly the presence of water, in the square they become elements that generate an arcade and supports for tents and thus obscure the square, along the ribbon are, however, ground lighting. Play areas for children and young people are positioned along the park, as well as seats and social gardens. It has been thought a ribbon as a unifying element of all the elements positioned, which starts from the entrance of Mast and connects with the existing bike path and then continues throughout the direction of the park.
68
XS SCALE Mast
what could be ?
what iS now ?
a Social SPace for young PeoPle
attractor Point
muSic room
meeting SPace
MAST tutoring
workShoP area
educational SPace
web radio
oPen SPaceS anonimouS no identity
Proximity to olona Proximity to the city centre
lack of connection not enought attractiVe
criticality
69
SPace for PeoPle
Potentiality
XS SCALE Concept diagram
Mast as isolated space
Breaking borders
Establishing new relation
Connection with the river
70
XS SCALE Antenna
Porch Lightning antenna with canopies Basement lightning Lightning river antenna
71
XS SCALE Flooding scheme
72
XS SCALE Masterplan Winter configuration
N Scale 1:500
73
XS SCALE Axonometry Summer configuration
N Scale 1:500
74
XS SCALE Ground floor
N Scale 1:500
75
XS SCALE Functional scheme
Plan
0°
1°
2°
3°
3° 2° 1° 0° -1°
Section 76
XS SCALE Plan
Ground floor + 0.00 m
N Scale 1:200
77
XS SCALE Plan
First floor + 3.25 m
N Scale 1:200
78
XS SCALE Plan
Third floor + 6.50 m
N Scale 1:200
79
XS SCALE Plan
Fourth floor + 9.75 m
N Scale 1:200
80
XS SCALE Section
81
XS SCALE Section
82
XS SCALE Visualization
1
83
XS SCALE Visualization
2
84
XS SCALE Visualization
3
85
XS SCALE Model
Strategic model XL Territorial strategy
86
XS SCALE Model
Masterplan 500
87
XS SCALE Model
Masterplan 500
88
DESIGN REFERENCES
DESIGN
REFERENCES
Gowanus Canal Sponge Park DLANDstudio New York City
Over decades, industry has polluted the soil and canal bed, accumulating dangerous industrial toxins in the water. In addition New York’s combined sewer system regular discharges into the Gowanus, adding further pollution. Access to the water’s edge is limited to publicly-owned streets that terminate at the canal.Realising the need for a unified plan for the development of publically accessible and environmentally remedial open space system for the Gowanus, DLANDstudio created the Sponge Park™ Masterplan. The Masterplan proposes a strategy of urban stitching, connecting the public and private lands adjacent to the canal to create a continuous esplanade with recreational spaces running the length of the canal. Existing public street ends would serve as entry-parks providing access to the esplanade and the water. The most unique feature of the park is its character as a working landscape: its ability to improve the environment of the canal over time while simultaneously supporting active public engagement with the canal ecosystem.
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Ningbo Eastern New Town Ecological Corridor Turenscape China
The original channelized river is transformed into a meandering eco-friendly waterway dotted with tree isles to increase the interface between organisms and water bodies to empower the river’s purification capacity. The project uses productive crops and annual flowers that are rotated to bring seasonal surprise and agricultural vitality to the growing city. Boardwalks are designed to allow visitors to have intimate experience of the nature and the nostalgic pastoral landscape. Pavilions made of corten steel floats on wetlands and terraces, giving the ecological corridor a touch of contemporary urban life and art. This project demonstrated landscape as an ecological infrastructure that heal the degraded ecological system meanwhile provided social and cultural services to the establishing communities.
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REFERENCES
Azteca Pavillion Dining room a|911 Mexico City
The Azteca Pavillion Dininr room is an architectural project developed to reinforce the new integral vision of the company with the creation of workspaces and offices intended for employees and executives to use indistinctively. The main feature of this project is that rooms are contained in glass cubes of different sizes, all under the shelter of a large deck and connected to each other by a central walkway that distributes the new corridors and outdoor plazas. In this way, the horizontality of the hierarchies and the transparency are highlighted by making evident the several indoor usage. An interesting feature is the relationship with exterior with the design of steps that permits the access in one side of the building and, at the same time, they become a space of gathering
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Blue School Middle School PellOverton Architects
The main feature of this project is the coiled wire fabric, used as a room divider for learning environments, adding a translucent element of privacy to the area. Simultaneously, the permeable properties of the material allow for the connection between the formal spaces of education (classrooms) and informal learning spaces, creating a fluidity and “horizontality” among its users. This solution permits to have a more flexible space inside the plan and to have bigger rooms for educational activity or more private space for specific activity.
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WeGrow Big New York
BIG studio designed the a school to suit the Montessori approach to teaching, method that focuses on educating children through play and interacting with their environment. In fact, the design centres around an open-plan classroom, installed with a series of furniture to suit activities ranging from play, reading, yoga, dance, athletics and martial art. Curvaceous wooden reading dens and lily-pad-like cushions for jumping on are among the playful features that was applied in this project. There are present curvaceous structures, built from layers of wood for the children to clamber in and out of. Two are suspended from the ceiling via white-painted metal rods. One has steps that lead up to the elevated interior, with openings in the slatted walls providing glimpses outside. The other pod is lifted above the ground so that the students have to climb inside. A third structure, resting on the ground, is designed so that a circular opening in its top is placed at an angle to make it easier to access.
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Convention Center of Lucerna Jean Nouvel Lucerna, Switzerland
The Convention Center of Lucerna is located in the city center, on the shores of Lake Vienrwaldstatter. The complex has different volumes, connected by a vast cover that is separated from the upper floors overlooking the lake, with a projection of 45 m light on its diagonal. The Center has a concert hall seats 1840, nine-seat multipurpose room and a museum with a conference room seats three hundred. Three main buildings are aligned perpendicularly below a huge horizontal structure, like a pagoda, the roof covers the three architectural masses that make up the building: conceived so as to harmonize with the horizontal center extension of the lake, inviting visitors to spend time abroad. The roof at its top rafters is textured by copper-clad steel. Where the metallic undercoating reflects the environment in contrast to the water plane
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Tikkurila River Park LOCI Landscape Architects Ltd Tikkurilantie, Finland
The Tikkurila River Park is developing into an outdoor living room that is a green pair for the urban Tikkurila centre. The park is placed on a hill and surrounded by beautiful old trees. The cultural history of Tikkurila is a supporting theme: the key attraction of the park is water play shaped like the River Keravanjoki which flows alongside. The iconic riverside buildings have their miniature versions next to the water play. At the water play, kids can try out how water dams work. The playground equipment was chosen carefully to match the natural theme. A custom-made steel fence surrounds the playground with its reed inspired design. Visitors to the river shore will be treated to a variety of new experiences including the ability to sit and dip your toes on the water seating stairs, have a picnic on the new wooden platforms, and admire the view from the viewing deck on the river. The pair of seating stairs that lead to the water have a real connection to the water. The lowest stairs are usually underwater. The stairs offer great views of the river.
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Nathan Phillips Square Revitalization PLANT Architect/Perkins+Wil Toronto, Canada
One of the feature of the project is the elevated walkways frame the Square and focus views towards the council chamber – as in the Athenian agora, the threshold of a porch at the perimeter clearly defined the interior void. To strengthen the coherence of the Square, the design team executed four tactical moves: – open the Square – remove clutter at the centre to accommodate all kinds of large cultural gatherings, – create programmed, porous, landscaped “green rooms” around the perimeter to frame the square, – create new activated connections between the raised walkway and the Square, – strengthen links between levels and between zones using new architecture as the bridge to connect the two levels of the Square.
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Sky garden SO? Architecture and Ideas Instanbul, Turkey
Sky Garden is a suspended garden in Ortaköy Square which is one of the most touristic and busiest squares in Istanbul. The garden with assorted plants, provides seating and shadow as well, during the flower festival. Being suspended, the garden acts as a roof which people can stay under and watch Bosphorus. Just like a tree with different branches, the garden flies between the sky and the Bosphorus with each pot, while the pulley system lets the pots go down for a closer look of visitors. The mechanism that lets the hanging pots move up and down, is a simple pulley system. Since the pots are equally weighted, they remain aligned when in balance. If a visitor pulls one of the pots to look at the plant closer, than the equivalent pot is lifted.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Vercelloni V., Atlante storico di Milano, città di Lombardia, L’archivolto, Milano, 1989 2.De Finetti G., a cura di Cislaghi G.,De Benedetti M., Marabelli P., Milano: costruzione di una città, Milano,U. Hoepli, 2002 3.Bovati M., Coppetti B., Il progetto sostenibile degli spazi aperti nell’Ovest Milano, Maggioli editore, Milano, 2012 4.https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioRedazionale/servizi-e-informazioni/Enti-e-Operatori/territorio/interventi-per-l-assetto-idrogeologico/fiumi-sicuri/interventi-assetto-idrogeologico-fiume-olona/interventi-assetto-idrogeologico-fiume-olona 5.https://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it 6.https://www.arpalombardia.it/Pages/ARPA_Home_Page.aspx 7.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/APPLICAZIONE DELL’INDICE DI FUNZIONALITA’ FLUVIALE (I F F ) SU DIVERSI CORSI D’ACQUA ITALIANI/3.5-3.9_INQUAD_AMB.pdf 8.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/APPLICAZIONE%20DELL’INDICE%20DI%20FUNZIONALITA’%20 FLUVIALE%20(I%20F%20F%20)%20SU%20DIVERSI%20CORSI%20D’ACQUA%20ITALIANI/3.2-3.4_INQ_AMB.pdf 9.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/APPLICAZIONE%20DELL’INDICE%20DI%20FUNZIONALITA’%20 FLUVIALE%20(I%20F%20F%20)%20SU%20DIVERSI%20CORSI%20D’ACQUA%20ITALIANI/3.1_INQUAD_AMB.pdf 10.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/Stato delle acque superficiali - 2014/Rapporto_annuale_bacini_Lambro_Olona_2014.pdf 11. https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/Stato%20delle%20acque%20superficiali%20-%202012/STATO%20 DELLE%20ACQUE%20SUPERFICIALI%20DELLA%20PROVINCIA%20DI%20MILANO_2012.pdf 12.https://www.arpalombardia.it/sites/DocumentCenter/Documents/Progetto%20Fiumi%20-%202009-2012%20-%20Report/Report_Progetto_FIUMI.pdf
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13. http://ita.arpalombardia.it/ITA/console/files/download/23/3_lura_molgora_olona.pdf 14. https://festivalacqua.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4f0aeb682dd9c9f2f096843471c9bf20.pdf 15. https://www.carloezechieli.com/Milan-EXPO2015-Expo-Park-copy 16.https://dlandstudio.com/Gowanus-Canal-Sponge-Park-Masterplan 17.https://www.metropolismag.com/cities/the-sponge-park-cleaning-one-of-americas-most-polluted-waterways/ 18.https://the-atlas.com/projects/gowanus-canal-sponge-park# 19.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/nyregion/sponge-park-in-brooklyn-to-treatpolluted-waters-of-gowanus-canal.html?_r=0 20.https://www.asla.org/2010awards/064.html 21.https://www.youbuildweb.it/2021/06/10/sponge-park-una-spugna-verde-per-salvare-il-gowanus-canal-di-new-york/ 22.https://big.dk/#projects-wes1 23.https://www.archdaily.com/905947/sliding-room-dividers-flexible-spaces-made-of-metal-mesh?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all 24.https://www.archdaily.com/958674/azteca-pavilion-dining-room-plus-market-a-911?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ all 25.http://landezine.com 26. http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/projects/centre-de-culture-et-des-congres/ 27. https://www.turenscape.com/en/home/index.html 28.
https://www.comune.rho.mi.it/it-it/avvisi/2021/comunicati-stampa/in-progetto-un-nuovo-asilo-nido-in-via-san-martino-199373-1-0b-
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