CODE
[WCS]
SAMPLE NAME
Wax Cavity Structure
PROCESS CATEGORY
MATERIAL CATEGORY
Hardening
Material Extraction
Description: The intent of the experiments was to be able to make wax structures of organic forms with the help of a support material that could later be extracted to return only the simple wax structures formed. For this purpose we used ice as ice cylinders and icesicles to test how wax would harden around these. In case of ice as cylinders the wax hardened around to create larger interconnective voids, while in case of the ice crystals the hot liquid wax found new pasths inbetween the ice crystals to genarate more free organic forms. In all cases the wax was poured in layers on top of the ice in a randon way but to ensure enough structural strength to the wax even at the edges. The advantage of using ice as a support material is that not only does it quickly harden the wax to give quick results but also, it melts naturally at room temerature and flows out to reveal the emergent wax formations.
Wax Cavity Structure: Apparatus
GENERATIVE PROCESS
INPUT raw material
[PW]
Paraffin Wax
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 349Km Density 900Kg/m3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 3Euros/Kg
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ It is a commonly available material that can be easily melted and moulded into various forms. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily. Paraffin wax hardens at regular room temperature.
[M ]
Melting
[O ]
Organizing
[I]
Ice
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 0Km Density 916Kg/m3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 0.70Euros/Kg
APPLICATION
OUTPUT
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Ice is water frozen into the solid state. It occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure. An advantage of using ice is that it melts above 0°C. It easily available and can be formed in any desired shape and size.
[E]
Energy
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ We obtained the wax as a solid. In order to use it, it has to be melted into liquid state. This is done by means of a water bath. The process is quick and simple and only requires a heating unit. To make the wax melt faster we cut the was into smaller pieces.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The main intent of the experiment was to study the form of the wax generated when we use ice cubes cylinders of a standard regular size and place them in a central radial form in a manner such that at the centre the distance between the ice cylinders is zero (they are touching each other) and as we move away from the centre the distance between the ice pieces is gradually increasing to give a strong structure at the edges. The wax is poured in layers that are not too thin and these layers reached almost upto the height of the ice cylinders but not to cover them, so as to get a form that would have a good light quality.
Translucent Wall
[TW]
[CS]
Cavity Structure
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The structure can be used as a translucent wall placed infront of a cold light source to give result of nice ambient and diffused light. This can be a useful material for interior spaces. Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Energy is needed to heat solid wax to liquid state. The only kind of energy used is heat energy and it is not needed in a large quantity.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The sample was created in a standard box size of 30X30X10 cm using ice cylinders of a regular size but an irregular spacing between them. This is also done to explore the varaition in the density and visual result of the form. -
[T/C]
Time/Color
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
[GS]
Glass Substitute
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The factor of time plays an important role to show the process of hardening of wax. For this only a short duration is required because the ice helps set the liquid wax. The parameter of time is represented by the color of the wax to show the form’s generation through stratified layers. We start with regular colorless wax and gradually add a yellow pigmentation in a gradual gradient. We use an indian food colouring agent called ‘haldi’ and for every layer we add the same quantity to the existing mix.
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Through this experiment we are testing wax as a substitute for liquid glass assuming they would behave similarly under our constraints. We propose glass as it is a more appropriate material for construction and design, and it would also give good results in combination with light.
GENERATIVE PROCESS
INPUT raw material
[PW]
Paraffin Wax
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 349Km Density 900Kg/m3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 3Euros/Kg
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high
Description_ It is a commonly available material that can be easily melted and moulded into various forms. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily. Paraffin wax hardens at regular room temperature.
[M ]
Melting
[O ]
Organizing
[I]
Ice
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 0Km Density 916Kg/m3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 0.70Euros/Kg
APPLICATION
OUTPUT
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ We obtained the wax as a solid. In order to use it, it has to be melted into liquid state. This is done by means of a water bath. The process is quick and simple and only requires a heating unit. To make the wax melt faster we cut the was into smaller pieces.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The main intent of the experiment is to study the manner in which the liquid wax finds its path in-between the relatively fine ice crystals. For this we scattered the ice crystals in a random fashion to make a thin layer. Next we poured the liquid ice in a haphazard style. This was continued to make several thin layers of alternate ice and wax strata’s.
Description_ Ice is water frozen into the solid state. It occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure. An advantage of using ice is that it melts above 0°C. It easily available and can be formed in any desired shape and size.
[E]
Energy
Translucent Wall
[C]
Crushing
[TW]
[CS]
Cavity Structure
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The structure can be used as a translucent wall placed infront of a cold light source to give result of nice ambient and diffused light. This can be a useful material for interior spaces. Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Energy is needed to heat solid wax to liquid state. The only kind of energy used is heat energy and it is not needed in a large quantity.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The ice that we obtained was regular cubes. However for this experiment we needed to use ice in the form of small crystals to study how the liquid wax found its path in the small crevices between the individual crystals. We used an ordinary hammer to make the icecles. The desired size was granular, not too fine.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The sample was created in a standard box size of 30X30X10 cm using ice crystals of a relatively fine size. The alternate layers of the wax and ice were thin however we used several layers to form an overall thicker volume. This is also done to explore the variation in the density and visual result of the form.
[T/C]
Time/Color
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
[GS]
Glass Substitute
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The factor of time plays an important role to show the process of hardening of wax. For this only a short duration is required because the ice helps set the liquid wax. The parameter of time is represented by the color of the wax to show the form’s generation through stratified layers. We start with regular colorless wax and gradually add a yellow pigmentation in a gradual gradient. We use an indian food colouring agent called ‘haldi’ and for every layer we add the same quantity to the existing mix.
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Through this experiment we are testing wax as a substitute for liquid glass assuming they would behave similarly under our constraints. We propose glass as it is a more appropriate material for construction and design, and it would also give good results in combination with light.
GENERATIVE PROCESS
INPUT raw material
[PW]
Paraffin Wax
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 349Km Density 900Kg/m3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 3Euros/Kg
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ It is a commonly available material that can be easily melted and moulded into various forms. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily. Paraffin wax hardens at regular room temperature.
[M ]
Melting
[O ]
Organizing
[I]
Ice
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance 0Km Density 916Kg/m3 Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost 0.70Euros/Kg
APPLICATION
OUTPUT
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ We obtained the wax as a solid. In order to use it, it has to be melted into liquid state. This is done by means of a water bath. The process is quick and simple and only requires a heating unit. To make the wax melt faster we cut the was into smaller pieces.
Description_ Ice is water frozen into the solid state. It occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure. An advantage of using ice is that it melts above 0°C. It easily available and can be formed in any desired shape and size.
[E]
Energy
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The main intent of the experiment is to study the manner in which the liquid wax finds its path in-between the relatively fine ice crystals. For this we arrange the ice crystals in the form of mounds that are spaced out within the 30X30 cm box size. Next we poured the liquid ice in a haphazard style on top of the mounds and also ensuring to cover the intersections between the individual mounds. Over time some hills were made higher by adding more ice on top of the already set wax and in some places new ones were added to form a variation in the space created within after the ice crystals would be allowed to melt away.
Translucent Wall
[C]
Crushing
[TW]
[CS]
Cavity Structure
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The structure can be used as a translucent wall placed infront of a cold light source to give result of nice ambient and diffused light. This can be a useful material for interior spaces. Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Energy is needed to heat solid wax to liquid state. The only kind of energy used is heat energy and it is not needed in a large quantity.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The ice that we obtained was regular cubes. However for this experiment we needed to use ice in the form of small crystals to study how the liquid wax found its path in the small crevices between the individual crystals. We used an ordinary hammer to make the icecles. The desired size was granular, not too fine.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The sample was created in a standard box size of 30X30X10 cm using ice crystals of a relatively fine size. The mounds were of no definite shape or size but we placed in a way to form interconnected spaces between them. This is also done to explore the variation in the density and visual result of the form.
[T/C]
Time/Color
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
[GS]
Glass Substitute
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The factor of time plays an important role to show the process of hardening of wax. For this only a short duration is required because the ice helps set the liquid wax. The parameter of time is represented by the color of the wax to show the form’s generation through stratified layers. We start with regular colorless wax and gradually add a yellow pigmentation in a gradual gradient. We use an indian food colouring agent called ‘haldi’ and for every layer we add the same quantity to the existing mix.
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Through this experiment we are testing wax as a substitute for liquid glass assuming they would behave similarly under our constraints. We propose glass as it is a more appropriate material for construction and design, and it would also give good results in combination with light.
INPUT raw material
[WIS ]
GENERATIVE PROCESS
WaxIce Structure
APPLICATION
OUTPUT
Induration
Phisical
Description _ The technology represents a process of interaction between two materials, the exchange of energy between them, the result of which is the appearance of new quality. Ice is melting, while wax is getting solid acquiring the shape of ice blocks. These ice blocks works as a temporary formwork for wax and disappear in the process. This technology may be reproduced afterwards in other materials, which solidify under the impact of ice and time.
WaxIce Structure: Phisical
GENERATIVE PROCESS
INPUT raw material
[PW]
Paraffin Wax
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ It is a commonly available material that can be easily melted and moulded into various forms. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns readily. (density of around 0.9 g/cm3)
[M ]
Melting
[W]
Water
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ In order to use the wax it had to be melted into liquided state. This was done by means of a water bath. Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_Water Description_ Ice is is water a liquid frozen at ambient into the solid conditions, state.The but it often most co-exists common on Earth phasewith transition its solid to ice state, Ih ice, occurs and gaseous when state liquid(water watervapor is cooled or steam). below 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure. An advantage of using ice ismaximum The that it melts density aboveof0°C. water occurs at 3.98 °C (39.16 °F). It has the anomalous property of becoming density less dense, of ice notismore, 0.9167 when g/cm³ it isatcooled 0°C down to its solid form, ice. Its Density is 1,000 kg/m3 liquid (4 °C), and weighs 62.4 lb/ft.3
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
[F ]
Freezing
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Ice is water frozen into the solid state.The most common phase transition to ice Ih occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure. An advantage of using ice is that it melts above 0°C.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
_ To generate the structure we used ice bars that were later allowed to melt. The resultant water was removed.
[T]
Time
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The parameter of time is represented by the color of the wax to show the form’s generation through stratified layers.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Ice bars were placed in rows in order to get the regular membrane structure and covered by one layer of liquid wax. After wax hardening the next layer of ice bars was placed over the first. The difference in color represents the sequence of layers superposition. Under the impact of positive temperature the ice got melted, the wax shells saved their shape.
density of ice is 0.9167 g/cm³ at 0°C Description_ Energy needed to heat solid wax to liquid state and also to freeze the water into ice.
[S ]
Structure
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro low
[O ]
Organizing
[E]
Energy
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
APPLICATION
OUTPUT
Temporary Structures
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Can be built in any size or shape depending on the set parameters of size, shape and spacing of the ice bars.
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
[TS]
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ The process can be applied as a prototype for creating structures made of liquid glass, polymers or other resistant materials for creating temporary constructions and installations.which can be easily built and demolished. The purpose of such constructions –creating temporary shelters, storages, protecting from weather.
Decorative Lightings
Emb.nrg MJ/kg Distance Km Density Kg/mc Carbon kg CO2/kg Cost Euro
[DL]
low
high
low
high
low
high
low low
high high
Description_ Ability to transmit light allows to use the structure for creating artificial light systems in more complicated way.