Project Manual Y3S1 Andreea Ioana Pirvan
o
.
I
ii.
U
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
Some thoughts on industry and craft
s
e
n
r
p. 17
Programmatic aims Client Users and interraction between users Spatial needs Housing typologies
p. p. p. p. p.
iii
p. 55
.
S
i
t
e
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
Relations within wider London Urban scales Position within Masterplan Connectivity Environmental factors Spray Street Quarter Main responses Light studies
iv
.
I n t r o d u c t i o n
t o
t h e
b u i l d i n g
19 27 31 36 45
56 58 60 62 64 65 70 73
p. 77
Building typologies Industrial Characteristics from the Arsenal Addressing the problem structurally Beggining to develop a the plan A journey through the building
p. p. p. p. p.
v
p. 95
.
A
p
p
e
n
d
i
x
Some thoughts on industry and craft
80 82 86 88 90
o. Introduction Some thoughts on Industry and Craft
Idealisation of craft
Morris and Company Textile Printing Merton Abbey
6
The Arts and Crafts Movement Revolutionary Socialish through Craft as a reaction against industrialisation and decrease of life quality of life in XIX century, with a vision of medieval society as anthises to contemporary British Society Main figures are William Morris, Webb, Iceland, and later, Ashbee. Founded on belief Art expressed the happines of working. Looking at linking Art and Craft, back into industrial production chain in order to increase the quality of goods. A romantic influence of Ruskin and Stones of Venice is key, embedded into the utopian idea of a new society.
7
Manufacture and ‘dehumanification’ repetition and standardisation
8
Current context of leading forces in garment manufacture The bulk of garment manufacture is outsorced overseas. Complying with the global consumerist trend, the main goal of the most of contemporary manufacture seems to be to produce as much and efficiently as possible. It is generally associated with cheap workforce and straining, repetitive tasks. Poor work conditions have received press coverage, especially after the Savar building collapse of 2013.
9
Manufacture New York
an ‘ecosystem’ for designers, manufacturers and technologists
10
A contemporary take on interractoin between Manufacture and Art The Manufacture Foundation is dedicating to offering subsidized incubation public education workforce training affordable space for manufacturing activities within the same space, creating a vertically integrated business model. The aim is to innovate the American fashion industry, to foster new businesses and create a transparent + sustainable supply chain (global). They also emphasis the importance of providing training for future workforce in manufacture businesses, particularly from underserved urban communities. Funding is achieved through The City of New York, The Mayor’s Office and New York City Economic Development Corporation.
11
Manufacture and Woolwich
Women munition workers finish small arms cartridges Small Arms Cartridge Factory No.3, Woolwich
Manufacture is deeply embedded in the history and development of Woolwich, which can be traced back to a Roman pottery, dating as far back as 300 AD. Historically, it is the major source of employment in the area.
12
The A206 as a current, multi-layered boundary in Woolwich
Map of Woolwich, 1890. The Arsenal as a blank spot
1860
Š Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2017. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
0
10
20
30
40
Scale 1:750 50
60
Jan 02, 2017 11:02 70
80
90
100 m
Charlotte Stuart University of Cambridge
Projection: British National Grid
Secrecy: The Arsenal Wall
A transformed boundary
Industry as a factor which creates boundaries within the urban fabric, here due to classified nature of warfare production.
Even though the wall of the Arsenal was demolished, it has left its mark and remains a major boundary in Woolwich. Phisically, it is replaced by a major piece of infrastructure, the A206. Economically and ethnically, it separates communities by income and ethnicity. 13
Can architecture (and urbanism) encourage and anchor a closer interraction between Craft, Art, Industry and Manufacture? Can old utopian ideas be readapted to solve current pragmatic problems of unemployment? 14
But, more importantly, can craft also bring together, rather than separate, people from different backgrounds? How much of a say can it have in stitching together a segregated society?
15
i. User
3
+
2 1
+
18
Programme - Main aims The building addresses three main needs in the Borough of Greenwich, specifically Woolwich:
1 the need for employment 2 the need for business incubation 3 the need for affordable housing and how those functions can interract within the same building, with an emphasis on ‘Making’ as their common point
19
There is a need for
Employment for younge people in Woolwich According to the UK Government, In 2015, Greenwich was the London Borough which had the highest number and percentage of young people aged 16-18 who were NEET (not in education, employment or training).
20
source: GOV.UK: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/neet-data-by-local-authority-2012-16-to-18-year-olds-not-in-education-employment-or-training
21
Providing training facilities for Startups in the Craft industry
would be mutually beneficial for makers and the startups alike ‘‘Recent mapping of this activity undertaken by the GLA has shown that there are very few (if any) examples of this activity in south east London, particularly east of Greenwich town’’ Spray Street BDP p.21 centre.
22
‘Through interactions with over 150 businesses in 3 urban locations, we have learned that virtually all
entrepreneurs face the same startup challenges: - Access to affordable, high quality industrial space - Qualifying for working capital at reasonable rates & terms
- Sourcing speciality equipment and/or manufacturing services locally - Mentorship & business training’ The Manufacture Foundation, NY
23
The increasing demand for affordable HOUSING in Woolwich, specifically the Spray Street Quarter area
24
‘The London Plan setting Royal Greenwich the second largest housing target of
25,950
all London boroughs, which is homes between 2011 and 2021.’
new
‘Policy H2 Housing Mix of the Core Strategy encourages a mix of housing types and sizes, containing a significant proportion of 3, 4 and 4+ bedroom units.’ SPRAY STREET SPD - Baseline Report p. 12
25
26
Client- relation between council, developer, companies and occupants The scheme works on the assumption that the council leases the land of the development to a housing development agent. Upon lease, a few conditions can be stipulated to the developer- such as creating space for employment and development of businesses, or specifying a certain number of apartments for young NEET people, as by pondered by the council and its advisories. The first few levels are then sold forward to or rented by companies which provide the required programmes, but also rented by owners of local businesses in the repair domain.
27
private repair businesses (local) 28
Family Mosaic is a large housing association which provides affordable housing, among with care and extra services. They have already been working at developing schemes in Greenwich. In Islington, they have looked at providing accomodation specifically for young people, among with dedicated support. Fabric Works London production social enterprise service of the charity Stitches in Time, aiming to create both high quality commissions but also employment for long-term unemployed local women, among with sewing and English classes. They are based in Tower Hamlets but they would like to expand and provide employment to needing groups in other areas. Hothouse is one of the programmes Craft Council which provides training services for startups in the Craft industry. The program lasts 6 months
29
Users and their spatial needs
31
I
II
Mark is 20 and unemployed
Jane would is setting her own business with hand-woven scarves She is looking for advice about how to advertise her new brand and how to manage her time. She has been struggling to find someone to produce her work in London.
He has been staying in the DePaul accomodation for a while and is ready to get back into training and hopefully a new job soon. He is also seeking a more permanent accomodation
32
She would like to work from home.
III
IV
Ron runs a local Saxophone Repair Business
Tina, Jerry and Robbie can’t find accomodation in Woolwich
He is looking to rent a new place for the business as the land it is currently on is being redeveloped.
They would like a cosy, affordable place until their financial situation is more stable.
It would make things easier if he could also live above the shop.
Now that Jerry is a bit older, Tina would also like a day job. 33
comissions
manufacturing services
Manufacturers textile production
mentorship
Startups
repairing teaching
co- working
learning
Making ts duc pro buy
sell adv and ert ise
to
s vice ser asion vide occ pro ch on tea
ons issi m com n fro r lea
buying
learning
Public (visiting)
34
Relation between users
The programme of the building aims to create the setting
encounters and interractions
for between different users and social groups, be their presence around the Quarter permanent or transient. The relations can be of economic, collaborative, educative or visual nature, but also spontaneous encounters between different groups to facilitate human connections. For this, the building needs a certain degree of permeability to the public. It will be equipped with the spaces to provide events, workshops, or casual encounters.
35
Main spatial needs
Textile manufacture - sewing stations for embroidery beading embelishment pattern tables - weaving facility (micromill) - fabric printing facility - storage space
35+ manufacturers 5 resident staff / teachers visiting teachers
- client consultation office - admin office - delivery access
3 admin
10 repair Facilities, each including - receiving space + admin desk - repair workshop - storeage
10 business owners + 14 staff (2 staff each)
36
Business incubation - one on one tutorial spaces - small group semniar spaces - co-working space
15 startups + 5 teaching staff
2 shared multipurpose rooms - multifunctional teaching space doubles up for lecture/ conference/ workshops hall - celebration room / event space - reading room
open to public
37
Textile production- Main hall 38
Ground Floor + mezzanine main spaces (Left) Textile production main hall Aprox. size: 525 sqm Requirements: 60 sqm large span
columnless space light, airy close to storage tall table height
(Right) Repair office Aprox. size: depends on what is repaired Requirements: light
Repair Workshop
39
efficient, in-built storage allow public to look in
Second Floor Bussiness Incubation 1:1 tutoring spaces range of meeting rooms (5, 10, 15 ppl)
(Right) Co-working space Requirements: Large tables, internte access Some coffe-making or serving facility Needs to feel open and connected to the rest of the building
Range of meeting and teaching rooms
40
Co-working office space 41
Public reading room with internet access 42
Multifunctional Event space 43
Housing typologies
45
Housing needs and types
+
46
The bare minimum Single bedroom Storeage Bathroom Circulation
8 sqm 1.5 sqm 6 sqm -Total: 18 sqm
Approx. No. of apartments: 55
47
+
48
The apartment for 2 Double bedroom Storeage Kitchen for 2 +Living area Bathroom Circulation
8 sqm 2 sqm 23 sqm 6 sqm --
Total: min.50 sqm
49
+
50
The work-live Storeage Double bedroom Kitchen for 2 +Living area Bathroom for 2 Workspace/Studio Circulation
2 sqm 8 sqm 23 sqm 6 sqm 6-10 sqm -Total: 60 sqm
Approx. No. of apartments: 35
51
+
52
The family apartment 2 2 3 3
bedrooms bedrooms bedrooms bedrooms
3 4 4 5
ppl ppl ppl ppl
61 70 74 86
Approx. No. of apartments: 50
53
ii. Site
The artistic scene is currently less developed in Woolwich as in other London boroughs. Thames Side Artist Studios, located in Woolwich, are currently in the process of moving to Deptford. An extension of similar programmes existing in other boroughs is proposed within building and on neighbouring sites.
56
57
The scales surrounding site Main boundaries:
river, currently disconnected by the A206, underused potential. b- The site is situated underneath the A206 which stands as a barrier where the former Arsenal a- The
Wall would have been.
Variety of closely knit urban scales: c- Scattered between, a series of tall residential projects have already been built or are under way as part of the Berkeley Homes scheme.
large Victorian industrial buildings, large walkways, green spaces.
d-North West, the Arsenal mainly comprised of which are up for repourpousing
e- To the NE, a series of fully occpuied
industrial warehouses.
f- industrial scale is also present North-West, at the park. g-
Old town centre, a combination of historic buildings (especially in Bathway Quarter), vacant sites, underused buildings and large new development such as the Tesco building.
h- Going up the hill, the urban grain drops suddenly into small, surround the core of Woolwich. 58
suburban terraces, which
a
f
b
g
c
d
h
e
‘Mind-map’ of Woolwich new town centre and Masterplan
60
Position within masterplan
Polarity
‘Book end of High Street’
Tall buildings at either edge of masterplan contain city centre
the building is in a hybrid position, part of the city centre but bordering the suburban area
61
Crossrail Station
the A206
DLR Station
Site- Current and under development Transport links
The site has excellent connection to transport. With the forthcoming Crossrail Station and DLR station within a 2 min walk radius, the adjacency to the A206 and proximity to the LCA, among with the clipper being relocated at a 15 minute walk. Excellent connectivity is a great asset for the textile manufacture, and small repair businesses, as they can easily send products into London or receive clients easily. Moreover, it is a plus to the business training programmes, as the site is accessible to entrepreneurs in making industries based anywhere in London who would come here for training on occasion. “[Woolwich] ... it’s the perfect place to be located.We have clients all over the UK, so we need easy access to the M25, and since we have lots of international contracts too, we need to have the airports close by.” Allan Curtis Design&Display Structures, Woolwich for London’s top 20 mid-size manufactures, LondonLovesBusiness.com 63
Spray street quarter history and main moves
0m
50m
1860
1980
suburban terraced housing, back to back
quarter is part of town centre with more public functions market
64
present
proposed
Ashley Centre demolished, a void in the urban fabric
an intensified, larger urban grain with access on both sides of the market and associated pedestrian space bringing back the ‘shared’ back garden 65
main noise source
wind direction
Environmental conditions
66
sunpath
1. Berkeley Homes Residential development 2. Arsenal Gate 3. Bus stop 4. Office building 5. Covered Market 6. Terraced housing with G floor retail (picture below) 7. London College of Engineering 8. Baptist Church
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Current condition of site 67
Masterplan: The Maker’s Yard at Spray Street Quarter in context 68
Site in context of Spray Street Quarter Maker’s Yard 69
Main responses to site
1. create link to old and newindustrial buildings accross the road
2. increase height and density
to respond to new buildings accross the road and current housing demands in Woolwich
in function, character and size
70
3. ways accross
slightly offset Parry St. to attract pedestrians in backyard create subtle connection to East for locals
4. front and back
re-create a Front and Back arrangement, for both residential and other functions
71
5. align building front with the A206
as a reaction to the previous moving the road on the other side of the Arsenal Gate use angles of the site to create distinctive architcture
Light studies Ensuring sufficient levels of lighting is one of the key elements of the project, as the work performed requires great visual accuity. Following are studies of two options, with the main focus being the impact of bringing out structural elements on the facade.
73
9:30 am
12:00
15:00 This option allows for a great amount of daylight on the back side of the building for most of the day. The Western side receives natural light during whole working day. The Eastern side receives natural light all afternoon. During some parts of the day there might be necessary to consider glare mitigation. All Southern sides of the tower block receive daylight, especially the top of the tallest tower.
17:00
18:00
Summer light analysis Masterplan option 74
9:30 am
12:00
15:00
Ground floor receives similar amounts of daylight until about 16:00 when the shadows start to decend. The first and second floor of the ‘plynth’ are overshadowed after noon. Moving the Eastern Tower means there is less of a possibility for a lit garden between it and the central tower.
17:00
18:00
Summer light analysis Structure on the outside 75
9:00 am
11:00
15:00
Winter light analysis Masterplan option 76
12:00
9:00 am
11:00
15:00
Winter light analysis
Structure on the outside 77
12:00
iii. Introduction to the building
Modern cities are trying to fit more and more onto less land. Superimposing different worlds is a characteristic of our time. Illustration (Left): Rem Koolhas, Delirious New York
80
+
The challenge: How do you blend two building typologogies already existingin Woolwich into the same building? 81
Character Woolwich has a rich variety of example of buildings with industrial character in the Arsenal. The aim is to acknowledge and reference their main elements,
but interpret them in a contemporary manner.
Existing
shadow under door shadow under long top thing things to sides
1 Facade- animated through external circulation
Gun Mounting Shed (no. 19) Southern Elevation, North Range
2 Facade- repetitive tall windows
Gun Mounting Shed (no. 19) Southern Facade 84
Adapting
1 Animate back facade with staircases between facade and external structure
2 Repetition on the front facade
85
Existing
Section - skylights and Iron structure Woolwich Heritage Centre
86
Adapting
Robust steel structure among with glass and brick as main construction materials
Thin steel trusses holding assymetrical skylights
87
+
Addressing the problem structurally The building needs to achieve both height and span in order to accomodate light industrial uses and the residential towers need to be tall in order to increase density at the desired rate. 88
ii. interlock access between facade and structural elements
i. take some of the structural columns for the tower to the outside of the building to free up warehouse space The structure to articulates the Ground Floor facade in relation to the towers
iii. interraction between two programmes: bring some of the functions of the ground floor up through the building- studios, live-working spaces, community spaces 89
Bring down the structural elements of the residential towers into the ‘Plynth’ Fragmented spaces can accomodate smaller workshops for repair and public circulation/permeability and storeage
Large spaces for manufacture placed between the more fragmented areas. Lack of structure on top allows for skylights.
90
Skylights could as sculptural elements on roof. There is a visual interraction between accessible roofspace and workspaces beneath, and a separation from the busy environment of the A206.
Le Corbusier, Unite d’Habitation Marseilles 1952
Antonio Gaudi, Casa Pedrera Barcelona, 1907
91
i
iv
ii
iii
Exploring a meandering route
92
A narrative of approaching and experiencing the building
93
Industry and woolwich Heritage (modernised elements)
i. Buying fruit from Beresford Square 94
ii. Grabbing a bite at the Polytechnique Canteen 95
iii. Taking your favourite pair of shoes to be fixed 96
iv. Reading a book back in an apartment, in an intimate setting 97
Appendix
99
Architecture encouraging personalisation of workspace, a trend against standardisation Interracting with the workspace ‘Territorial Zoning’ at Central Beeher Office Herman Hertzberger, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, 1968 grey unfinished building deliberately inviting workers to personalise the spaces with pots, personal belongings, colorful decorations- a ‘spatial expression for a more human environment’
MIT Faculty of Architecture, Cambridge, Massachutes 1967 Students protesting against long rows of stiff tables facing the same way constructed their own eating sleeping and teaching environments out of discarded material. An example for the need for interraction in the working environment.
Considering the needs for personalisation and interraction within the workspace Central Beeher Office
100
The workspace and wellbeing (Fabricworks)
Productivity and well-being ‘I felt depressed when I was at home, with nothing to do, but coming in regularly has improved my health. I am sleeping better since I have been volunteering, I don’t feel lazy. This is my first experience of working and I have enjoyed it.’
101
Questions to FabricWorks London, Transcript 1. What types of fabric production do you do? Do you do hand-weaving, printing and sewing? What is the equipment you need? We produce textile product for artists, designers and brands. This can range from sewing ladies underwear to garments, making aprons to giant hay bale covers for festivals. We’ve finished textile hangings for artists, dog bandanas, educational props in the form of story teller blankets for Kensington Palace, amongst many other items. We sew, and use industrial sewing machines, overlockers, electric fabric cutters when making multiples and steam irons. We also undertake hand embroidery.
2. How many people are on the production team and how many are looking to being part of it in the future? How much staff do you have for training and advice? How much are they involved in helping the production team? Our production team of employed staff is made up of 5 women currently and 10 new volunteers who are undertaking placements in the studio, leaning the skills involved. We have approximately 50 women that attend our sewing and garment making classes each week. 53 women are enrolled on our English for Sewing classes, learning English in a supported environment. We have one Bengali speaking Matrix accredited advisor who offers Information, Advice and Guidance. We have one Bengali speaking advocacy worker, who assists and supports women in various personal matters. All our staff offer personal support and advice in various aspects, from business advice to advocacy in personal issues, general support with various benefit and housing issues.
102
3. How much space do you use for Fabric Works? Which are the essential rooms or spaces you need for production and other social uses? Do you have any idea of how much this is, rougly, in square meters? We have one main studio where we undertake all production and office work. We could do with more space, and more tailored space to production but finance is a problem! We are based in an old building, a studio on the ground floor approx 10 x 15m. We also use a small amount of space in a neighbouring room for storage and to hold a creche for children of the women that attend our classes.
4. What are the essential spatial needs for fabric production? (for example, Northern light, airy spaces, etc.?) Light, bright, with great efficient storage is essential. We often have to access large quantities of fabric which can be bulky, but need to be stored well but accessed easily. High cutting tables are needed to prevent back ache, and large tables to cut fabric are also needed. Storage is the biggest battle, to store all the various kinds of equipment needed, that may not be needed for a while, but also essential to know where they are on the occasional chance you need in the future!
5. I’ve noticed on your website you do projects and workshops all around London- did you ever think of expanding Fabric Works to other areas of East London where there is a need for local employment? We would love to expand. Our main difficulties are lack of time, being such a small team, and lack of funding. In the future, it is something we could try, but would need great financial investment to allow us to develop long-term training programmes in new areas. Starting and establishing new groups in new areas takes a great deal of time, and once formed, we feel we have a duty of care to be able to continue in the future. We’d love to see a copy of what you produce! Do get in touch if you need any further answers, 103
De Paul UK and their work to olbliviate unemployment of young people in Woolwich In December 2014, Seven Social Impact Bonds of £15m were comissioned with a primary aim help young unemployed young people aged 18-24 who are also homeless. DePaul, also working in Greenwich was given one of the Bonds. ‘Young people are referenced to Young people in this project are referred to us by Greenwich Council and, in particular, The Point, based in Woolwich.’ Staff are available 24 hours a day and work with residents to identify achievable goals and the skills needed for independent living. ‘ They have since provided 3 sheltered accomodation locations for young homeless or NEET people, within Greenwich. West Cluster: mix of self-contained flats and flats with shared facilities East Cluster: ‘safe and secure property to reside’ Central Cluster: 28 bed spaces, a mixture of self-contained flats and rooms. ‘We help to secure housing within the Blackheath and Greenwich areas to allow young people to develop life skills, establish positive routines and provide a link with housing services throughout the borough.’ ‘We support young people in our project to help them into employment, education or training, assisting with their benefit applications, GP/dentist registration etc.’
104
Who funds what? For NEET in Woolwich Investors: Bridges Ventures; Montpellier Foundation, The Key Fund Advisories: Social Finance UK Outcome Funders: Department for Communities and Local Government and the Cabinet Office.
For Crafts Council programmes
For Fabric Works
105