Andres Gandara Professional Portfolio by Andres_Gandara

Portfolio

Portfolio Andres Gandara Southern California Institute of Architecture M.Arch

Texas Tech University B.S.Arch

608 W. 3rd St. Los Angeles, CA 90013 +1 915-355-8440 andresgandara17@gmail.com www.andresgandara.com

Contents

Southern California Institute of Architecture 2017-2019 M.Arch

Semblances

010

Visual Studies I

026

Tectonics

056

History of Theory I

070

Man Made Nature

076

Visual Studies II

112

History of Theory II

136

Lovain

142

Design Development

176

History of Theory III

236

Beinecke Library Renovation

242

Crimped & Puffy

256

A Construct

272

Contents

Texas Tech University 2013-2016 B.S.Arch

Downtown Cultural Center

310

El Paso Artist Hub

324

TTU Addition

344

Acclimate Housing

362

Concept Art

Hobbies

Statement

Andres Gandara graduated with a B.S. in Architecture from Texas Tech College of Architecture in 2016, and recently acquired an M. in Architecture degree from the Southern California Institute of Architecture. He has some professional experience in the field of Architecture as well as fire protection and building information management. Additional experience includes working as a teaching assistant for digital software seminars, design studio, and history of modern architecture. He also taught a design studio at SCI-Arc with Lucy Mcrae as her Assistant Teacher. Andres is interested in the impact of technology on the vernacular and the new digital frontier created by emerging technologies. Andres is also interested in the research of real and fake data that emerges from new technologies and where this may lead Architecture in the near future.

Semblances Design Studio FALL 2017 DS 1200 ( 2GAX ) Instructor: Marcelyn Gow Team: Andres Gandara

This studio will interrogate the potential of the replica in architecture. Advancing recent debates regarding influence, affinity and appropriation in architecture, we will adopt an approach that exploits the potential for architectural acts of appropriation to engender new forms of authenticity and to challenge context and type within an architectural project. Quotation as a postmodern form of referencing an â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;originalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and subsequent forays into sampling including kitbashing and the mash-up are various forms through which appropriation has surfaced in architectural discourse and practice. A more contemporary notion of the replica ties it to the status of the object in architecture and its inherent potential to engender multiple and coexisting forms of legibility; raising questions of scalability ranging from the colossus to the miniature. This approach involves the selection of copies (found objects) instead of the creation of originals.

Physical Soap Composition

Digitized Soap Massing

Massing Subtractions

Redesigned Faces

Site Plan

Ground Floor Plan

The orientation of reading areas are illuminated by sunlight during the day. The building is facing the old Library, and shares secondary entrances with the parking lot and the rest of the park. The Landscape is meant to share an aesthetic sense with the building and keep relevance on the old library by a sense of alignment between the two. Vegetation on site ranges from deciduous trees to White Alder, and California Sycamore is found on planters.

Fifth Floor Plan

Section

Fifth Floor Plan

Exterior Cladding System

Physical Model

Animate Line Visual Studies I FALL 2017VS 4200 ( 2GAX ) Instructor: Kristy Balliet, Casey Rehm Team: Andres Gandara, Raquel Bitar

The course will cover issues of contemporary representation and the development of splines in relation to complex digital form, physical and visual space. The course engages recent techniques related to splines and gesture interface and virtual reality. The course is an attempt at developing critical visual-coordinated literacy through Oculus Medium and 3-dimensional space from software.

Exercise 01

Animate Line

Through spline modeling and virtual reality exercises, an accurately modeled spline and a gestural line drawn in virtual reality are introduced and merged. The convergence of both resulted in a series of looping surfaces that become a new-found space for the user.

Gesture Composite

Surface

Surface Properties

Volume

Digital Rendition

Physical Model Top View

Physical Model Elevation

Exercise 02

Tactile Vessel

By creating simple geometries that are then meticoulusy arranged in the U and V map of the vessel, the geometry receives another layer of information that is tactile and sensible. This aggregation is added as a facade and it becomes almost bacterial.

Elevation

Physical Model Bottom View

Physical Model Elevation

Exercise 03

Articulate Form

This exercise will focus on using logic and agentbased algorithms to manipulate form, color, scale, and resolution. Part of the exercise is setting up operations in 2 dimensions and using the images as a point of reference for exterior qualities. Voxel qualities are given through scripts and are used to simulate human form finding in a nonlinear and legible way. Sharing agency with the tools used is a relevant topic for the discipline.

Physical Model Elevation

Turntable Photograph Composition

Coded Image

Model Elevation

Physical Model Elevation

Model Elevation

Physical Model

Exhibition

Close Up

Tectonics Advanced Materials & Tectonics FALL 2017 AS 3200 ( 2GAX ) Instructor: Maxi Spina Team:Andres Gandara, Gabriela Zappi, JuanVillareal, Raquel Bitar

The Visual Arts Building by Steven Holl is a unique building with interesting solutions for daylight and cooling. The facade is able to repel the little amount of sunlight it receives due to the reflective coating on the panels and screens on the Southwest and Southeast. The central part of the building was carved out and is used as a way to filtrate light through a very unique typer of channel glass. The carving illuminates every level and corridor. Steven Holl maximizes on the available daylight by using glass on the partitions facing the atrium. What happens to the strategies when the building is moved to Los Angeles? How can these strategies be replaced or revamped? The climates are in the opposite side of the spectrum and through much research of both climates, the team came to a final conclusion for strategies that are similar.

Precedent Study: Visual Arts Building [University of Iowa] _ Steven Holl Envelope System: Perforated Steel Panels + Rainscreen Zinc Panels

59 TECTONICS & ASSEMBLY

A1. CHANNEL GLASS DETAIL

Voided concrete slab/Hard ceiling

EuroPanel stainless steel cap Skylights allow natural daylight

Bendheim 504 Rough Cast Channel Glass (Interior) Wacotech TIMax Channel Glass Insulation Bendheim 504 Rough Cast Channel Glass (Exterior)

Operable windows Polished smooth concrete finish floor

Zinc clad rainscreen

Low-E double pane window Y

1FT

Insulated channel glass

1FT

A2. CORNER CONDITION TRANSITION

Channel Glass Pohl Rainscreen track 16 gauge metal stud framing

Pohl Rainscreen panel Insulation

5FT

1FT

Y 1FT

X 1FT

Advance Tectonics 3200 Raquel Bitar _ Andrés Gándara _ Juan Villarreal _ Gabriela Zappi

5FT

Precedent Study: Visual Arts Building [University of Iowa] _ Steven Holl Envelope System: Perforated Steel Panels + Rainscreen Zinc Panels

5FT

61 B1. MATERIAL ASSEMBLY

Poured-in-place concrete wall Weather protection membrane

Insulation

Horizontal support for insulation and vertical studs

Vertical studs

Perforated steel panels at southeast and southwest facade

1FT

Y 1FT

X 1FT

B2. ENVELOPE ASSEMBLY

C1. ZINC PANEL CONNECTION

Roof panel bend Zinc clad panels Clad assemblage hook system Clad anchor to stud point

C2. CLADDING DETAIL

Vertical cladding support

Bolts connecting cladding system to both vertical and horizontal studs

C3. CLADDING CONNECTION DETAIL

Bolts connecting vertical support to horizontal support X

Bolts connection horizontal support to concrete walls Horizontal support for studs, insulation, and weather barrier

1FT

Advance Tectonics 3200 Raquel Bitar _ Andrés Gándara _ Juan Villarreal _ Gabriela Zappi

REINFORCED CONRETE SLAB (Primary structure) Cast-in-place concrete #4 rebar Coviax “Bubble” system inside #3 rebar cages Radiant Heating and Cooling tubes

SKIN STRUCTURE (Secondary structure) CONRETE COLUMNS (Primary structure) Cast-in-place concrete #4 rebar 4 on each side #3 ties every 6 inches

CONRETE WALLS (Primary structure) Cast-in-place concrete

5FT

Precedent Study: Visual Arts Building [University of Iowa] _ Steven Holl

5FT

63 STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE DIAGRAM: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STRUCTURE

1) Primary Structure: Concrete Columns

2) Primary Structure: Walls

3) Primary Structure: Concrete Slabs

Advance Tectonics 3200

Southeast and southwest facades radiation with custom perforated thermal tests supported the desi screening elements.

Roof garden naturally reduces th minimizing the energy used to cli beneath it.

INvent low-E double pane operab ventilation into the building. (A. W

The thermal â&#x20AC;&#x153;Active Slabâ&#x20AC;? Cobiax decreases the use of concrete an radiant heating and cooling syste

Bendheim channel glass bring interior courtyards and works

RheinZink zink panels have a low in summer will not heat the inter dissipate from the inside.

Concrete used for walls have a hi mass which store energy.

* Per Year.

Precedent Study: Visual Arts Building [University of Iowa] _ Steven Holl Envelope System: Perforated Steel Panels + Rainscreen Zinc Panels

5FT

s are shaded from solar d steel panels. Daylight and ign to optimize these

65 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

SUMMER SOLSTICE

The building is located in the Climate Zone Number 5 and Climate Zone Subtype A. (5A), defined in the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) 169-2006 standard for Weather Data for Building Design. Climate Zone 5A is defined as cool – humid with IP Units 5400 < HDD65ºF ≤ 7200 and SI Units 3000 < HDD18ºC ≤ 4000. The state of Iowa adopted the commercial (non-residential) energy code requirements of the International Energy Conservation Code. (IECC). According to the IECC, every non-residential building needs to comply with fenestration and insulation requirements in walls, slabs and roofs as stated in chapter 5 of the code manual.

WINTER SOLSTICE

A mandatory study on air leackeage needs to be done to windows and doors that are part of the building envelope. 75% of the permanently installed lighting fixtures must have high-efficacy lamps or light bulbs. Energy cost savings for Iowa in its commercial and residential building energy codes, is estimated to save around $78 million annually by 2030.

he heat island effect, imatize the space

kWh/m2:

1. 1086.90

ble windows allow natural Window Detail).

x Slim-Line bubbledeck nd incorporates a em.

2. 679.31 3. 434.76 4. 271.24 SOLAR RADIATION/SUN PATH ANALYSIS: Perforated steel panels are oriented to the south-west and south-east facade to fade the incoming solar radiation into the building.

m/s 18.50 < 16.65 14.30 12.95

gs diffused light to the as insulation.

11.10 9.25 7.40 5.55

w U-Value, High temperatures rior and heat in winter will not

3.70 1.85 < 0.00

WINDROSE ANALYSIS: The building takes advantage of the strong winds from the south and north-west to introduce fresh air through operable windows that cool the interior spaces.

igh thermal

Perimeter sealant joint. Aluminum splices with bond breaker tape. Sealant and exterior applied sealant joint. Extruded aluminum head and jamb starter with polyamide thermal barrier. Structural attachment. Extruded aluminum sill starter with polyamide thermal barrier.

A. WINDOW DETAIL

Advance Tectonics 3200 Raquel Bitar _ Andrés Gándara _ Juan Villarreal _ Gabriela Zappi

5FT

Proposed Configuration

5FT

A1. CHUNK DETAIL

Bendheim 504 Rough Cast Channel Glass with SF-60 Frame System Concrete wall

Rheinzink single lock standing seam zinc panels

Anchors embedded in concrete wall

Stainless steel perforated panels

1FT

A2. ANCHOR DETAIL

#4 rebar 32â&#x20AC;? O.C. Reinforced concrete wall

Steel plate embedded into concrete Anchor for perforated stainless steel panels Galvanized hex nut Stainless steel hex bolt

Perforations for anchoring perforated stainless steel panels

1FT

Y 1FT

X 1FT

Advance Tectonics 3200

5FT

The facade system was broken into 3 main features to intervene: channel glass, operable windows and perforated steel panels. The operable windows were sunken into the thickened 2ft concrete walls to let less direct sunlight into the building on the west and south faĂ§ade. The channel glass was rotated 90Â° and paired up with vertical concrete elements that create a corner configuration that reduces the amount of solar radiation penetrating the east faĂ§ade. The perforated steel panels were cornered to resemble the channel glass condition and to resolve the connections with the zinc panels and how walls terminate.

Proposal Options & Analysis Envelope Transformation

5FT

The channel glass was rotated 90°, divided into smaller pieces and paired up with vertical concrete elements, this reduces the amount of solar radiation penetrating the east façade. The perforated steel panels were twisted into a total angle of 20° to receive the sunlight and reduce it by 50% in the south façade.

5FT

The steel panel sun screen system was extended to the South facade reducing sunlight by 50% during the summer but not during the winter. All southern concrete walls are 2 feet thick instead of one for thermal mass with recessed windows. The steel panels did not change in any way in this iteration.

Advance Tectonics 3200 Raquel Bitar _ Andrés Gándara _ Juan Villarreal _ Gabriela Zappi

Architectural Acts of Appropriation Theories of Contemporary Architecture I FALL 2017 HT 2200 ( 2GAX )

Instructor: Marcelyn Gow, Timothy Ivison Team: Andres Gandara

The New Movement Through my many experiences as an architecture student, I find myself wondering today why we have not required better methods for the gathering and exploiting of the newlyfound excess of information era. It seems as though we have halted the push as we have always been driven by being the sole input into what we do, due to the fact that we have always had a limited amount of information. Each tool we always used was solely informed by typical information that was then transferred into some kind of physical entity through software and then displaced through a second set of tools for representation. We would always seek a way to show the whole meaning of a project through a couple of post-processed images. The New Movement is a set of tools I believe can push the way we handle this information as architects which revolve around the use of augmented reality. I believe we can access, touch, and experience all kinds of information through augmented reality. The more I read the more I find out that architects are always behind technology advancements. It seems architects have a hard time adapting new techniques and work flows. It may be due to the fact that we never have enough time to explore every possibility that comes with each type of technology. It may also be that we are stopped by a real world, one that binds us with economies and politics that have to be followed. At some point in time architects broke away from this through the use of the

camera. It was always that case that the camera was used as a utility by cataloging information from a building project. This was happening while many photographers started doing crazy things with the negatives and modifying the actual end product. This process became known as postprocessing. The only problem was that once the negative was modified, there was no going back. As time goes by new forms of software start developing and many designers adopt these early on. Software like Photoshop are able to transform digital photography without never affecting the real information, thus, leading to multiple versions of the same photograph. Architects like Phillip Schaerer produced photo-realistic renderings through these types of software, three-dimensional modeling, and rendering engines . The whole process consists of modeling through a platform like Rhinoceros or Autodesk Maya. Then once modeled in a very basic way that does not include any information that can tie it to something real like the sun or even a geographical location, it is put into a rendering engine. This rendering engine can take from a couple of minutes to hours just to output one image. The selective process of this image is based on what the architect wants to portray to the client about the project. Before this rendering is shown to the client, it is exposed to postprocessing. Where it is modified and made to feel real like if it actually existed somewhere on the planet. People, shadows, materials, vehicles, and sometimes even grime and trash are added

to the image. By the end of the process the image does in fact look real and it amazes me why we have to go through so many different software to get to an end product. Since we move through so many software to get to an end product, it is very hard to migrate information through all of them without having issues. There is no one language that can communicate through all the software that is used today. Images of all kinds have become a part of modern society through social media, including architectural renderings. This has degraded the value of each image since everyone in this age consumes massive amounts of media every day. If the consumer is not educated enough to know the difference between two images and what they stand for, he can end up desensitized to them all. I happen to find that this is what happened with everyone including me at some point. Not only is this but the huge amount of information that has been gathered today is hard to use. Not because it is complicated, but because it is too much information. I have found myself countless times having to stop reading and gathering information

about a project because I was running out of time because I had to produce something from the research. If I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to find a way to visualize the information and just have a platform that displays the information how I have it on a digital format, we all would have more time for information because even today, it takes a couple extra steps to make digital information physical. Printers and plotters require us to go through another very old process which requires us to prepare files for it to actually be able to print all the information we have gathered. I find myself doing the whole process a bit differently when my goal is an animation instead of an image. A whole environment is created through many different processes that are then imported to one software and many still images that follow a path are put together to create this animation. The disadvantage of these animations are that it takes a long time to make each animation due to the fact that each second can take from 24 to 60 frames, meaning that there are 24 to 60 different renderings per second. These animations are not finished after being rendered

out. They still are post-processed because they don’t have a background and probably won’t match lighting once the background is added. They may reduce the process but they are still not very effective in portraying a complete project due to time constraints. Architecture should move into virtual reality as soon as possible. One software is able to contain a complete environment which can be a base for a virtual reality software. Imagine being able to walk through a point cloud. As said before, we face massive amounts of data that have to be put to use in some way. Mario Carpo mentions this in “The Second Digital Turn Design Beyond Intelligence”, when he starts talking

about words and pictures as bits of information. We didn’t have a surplus of information a couple decades ago. Word documents contain many words and end up being less than 100 kilobytes of information. Images, which are the main way of portrayal today are close to 1000 kilobytes, but three-dimensional modeling can reach numbers bigger than a million kilobytes. We have every design tool capable for these types of information now that heavy processing machines are very inexpensive and available to most of the world. There have been some instances were virtual reality has already been used like the Olympics of 2016 in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. I have

used virtual reality for one of my classes as part of an assignment. In this exercise we had to draw curves that dictated a space around the user. This was merged with other curves drawn on Maya. These two ended looking very different as the user is actually engaged in what is happening in real time compared to what was being drawn in Maya. Virtual reality headsets are also a big part of video gamers today. Many consoles and desktop computers can be equipped with software and headsets that allow them to be compatible with augmented reality. These are then used as platforms for games and worlds were the user can play and create as much as their imagination allows them to. A new world is slowly emerging and it can only get better.

I believe that this path will change architecture in every way because we will be removing architectural representation. We have the potential to design every aspect of the design this way as we can actually create everything on one software today. Architecture will regain its presence in social media through walkthroughs of virtual buildings and virtual landscapes that are then populated with people and plants in the form of bits of information. Augmented reality should have been adopted since it was developed and it seems like architects are beginning to adapt tools faster as technology becomes economic and reliable faster than at any other time period.

Man Made Nature Design Studio Spring 2018 DS 1201 ( 2GBX ) Instructor: Elena Manferdini Team: Andres Gandara, Wei Tse Yuan

Issues if labor, commerce, tourism, and global economies marked the final phases of what is usually called “Modernization”. This process can be described as the end of nature, using ZIZek;s words, “Nature is over, there is no nature anymore.”; And while classical ideals of nature disappear the territory of nature has silently become an area for work, speculation, and potentially, a new aesthetic of architecture. It is precisely in this arena that new opportunities for architectural discourse emerge. The project is situated in the flower market of downtown Los Angeles. The site is already at an economic turn as the two-story warehouse is projected to be replaced with a mixed use complex. The program consists of a mid-rise residential tower, office, retail, parking, and a new home for the flower market. The goal is to experiment and provide strategies of implementation of nature, whether it is real, implied, or fake, and theorize on the sensibilities that each of these provides to the user and the space.

Topiary Exploration

Assembly Types

Circulation & Egress

Material Studies

Massing Studies

Sheared Top View

Ground Plan Floor Plan Ground 1-32” = 1’-0” 10’

20’

40’

80’

Typical Floor Residential Floor Plan Typical Plan 1-32” = 1’-0” 10’

20’

40’

80’

100

Ground Roof PlanFloor Plan 1-32” = 1’-0” 10’

20’

40’

80’

101

102

Elevation

103

104

80â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Elevation

105

106

Section

107

108

Perspective Rendering

109

110

Perspective Rendering

111

112

The Big Picture Visual Studies II Spring 2018VS 4201 ( 2GBX ) Instructor: Ryan Tyler Martinez Casey Reas Team: Andres Gandara,Wei TseYuan

This course focuses attention on Processing, a powerful scripting platform for visuals, and form. It will also focus on the notion of regularity, randomness, growth, form, simulation, and emergence. This process will follow 2-dimensionsal visual patterns to 3-dimensional forms through ZBrush. Groups combine multiple iterations of step by step processes that simulate islands and qualities of nature.

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Exercise 01

Defined by Circles

This segment was focused on teaching scripting methods through Processing. Patterns and flow of circles became the main production for this exercise. The production of circles and their constraints led to the production of the following images.

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116

Black & White

Connections

117

Arbitrary Geometry

Negative & Positive Constraint

118

Circles-1

Circles-2

119

Circles-3

Circles-4

120

Circles

121

122

Exercise 02

Analyzing Typography

Superimposition of letters through extrusions created massing types. These massing types are textured with Processing scripts and materials to give a sense of space between mass and void. These become islands in the next exercise and serve as the key spatial objects that limit what becomes void and what becomes space.

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Massing Qualities

125

Massing Study

126

Massing Study

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Massing Study

128

Exercise 03

Furry Islands

A conglomerate of forms become an aggregate to masses of information. These are attached by vegetation and negative space. The typography massing come together becoming islands in space. Vegetation takes over these desolate places.

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Furry Island

131

Furry Island

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Furry Island

133

Furry Island

134

The Big Picture

135

136

Fear Money & Piracy Theories of Contemporary Architecture II Spring 2018 HT 2201 ( 2GBX ) Instructor: Erik Ghenoiu Team: Andres Gandara

137

Pirate Cities A city’s ability to change and mold based on the situation is shown best when its government cannot control it. These changes can have both a good and a bad impact, still, nothing that doesn’t happen under the control of one administration. Some cities like Dubai and Detroit are controlled by corrupt forces that deteriorate the city slowly. The corruption can be the start of a civil movement, new ways of living, the adaptation of government systems by small communities, and appropriation of land. Dubai exists due to a corrupt government that uses capital made from the world’s consumption of oil and tourism . In “Sand, Fear, and Money in Dubai” by Mike Davis, He mentions that the emir and CEO, Sheikh Mohammed alMaktoum goal is to make Dubai umber one. He wanted to achieve the goal through whatever means necessary, this includes making workers live in far-away camps with minimal space and resources. He pushes these workers to the limit by having control over every aspect of their lives, and taking away their passports when they arrive at the airport. He also passed laws that make worker unions illegal, which takes away their power when workers try to overthrow construction companies for exploiting them. Dubai has protected many criminals as well by providing refuge. The city is fueled by greed and consumerism to the point that people that

are not wealthy are treated like slaves. These unfortunate circumstances are due to a corrupt, centralized government that is supposed to protect its citizens and everyone’s human rights. When this type of government gets compared to the one from the USA, it can be inferred that these are total opposites, even though, both run on capitalism. Detroit, for example, was a city that was built on the auto industry and while it flourished in the early 20th century, it began decaying in the 1980s as car brands started leaving the city and moving their business to other states. The city fell to corruption and drug lords very fast, its population dwindled and it became a city with ghost suburbs. Citizens still have rights and they provided for themselves by creating their communities and governments. Communities started forming and providing food for themselves as retail closed and abandoned suburban areas. Today many communities grow vegetables in residential lots and while others have created an Internet network that does not connect to any corporate Internet provider. Others have created ways of providing electricity to communities as the government cannot provide these services to the small concentrations of communities left in the city. This catastrophe brought by a steady decline has created something that would have never had happened if the government was under

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control. These things can only emerge out of the need from a group of people that have specific skills and can put those talents to work. Detroit and Dubai are both considered “Feral Cities” in a research study done by AGENCY Architecture after the Berlin Biennale for Contemporary Art 2016 in Berlin. AGENCY defines a feral city as “a metropolis in a nationstate where the government has lost the ability to maintain the rule of law within the city’s boundaries.” Both cities are in a state of decay as their corrupt government does nothing to solve the issues that have created this situation. The communities that were built in Detroit have defined their necessities and wants to the point

that they have developed thriving communities while Dubai, which is still controlled by the government is still exploiting the lower class. Dubai operates through feudalism and is treated as a privately owned city, so workers don’t have much to vote, or even fight for as it is a business. Tourism is also used to create spots for trade systems that range from prostitution to corporations moving to the city as it offers them no taxing and total control over whatever business practices they want to deploy . Dubai fills investors with promises of the most significant land in the world while it hides the way it treats its laborers and does nothing to stop prostitution.

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The masking out certain communities has also happened in Mexico, where the nation was overrun by drug cartels to the point that they controlled the government and all of its tourism. Juarez, Chihuahua, and El Paso, Texas hold the most significant population count of people crossing the border daily. El Paso is considered one of the safest cities in the country while Juarez is a feral city that has been infiltrated by the Mexican military which has been stationed for years inside the city but murder still happens daily. The war on drugs has been happening for years. Two drug cartels are fighting for territory and have killed hundreds of citizens. Due to the high volume of crimes, communities began to build walls around their communities for

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protection. The ones with better economical stand hire safety agencies while the rest are extorted by low-level thieves with protection fees and fake kidnappings. The city has created many gathering places for communities to come together and protest for safety and the wellbeing of their families. Many others look to art a like â&#x20AC;&#x153;Amor por Juarezâ&#x20AC;? and other ways to passively protest the war on drugs. All of these locations suffered from similar situations that are generated by governments that are corrupt or incapable to sustain a city. While these governments are failing to provide basic needs and inalienable rights, each community is capable of producing a small society that allows

them to reach out to the world and to sustain it. These types of spaces are then used to the advantage of these communities and they are unstable because they change as needs change, not because they do not work. Cities and infrastructure are becoming hackable places with laws that are obsolete and stop the city from adapting to what has been happening in cities that are not controlled. These circumstances push people to use their skills in unison and create a better opportunity for everyone. Cities like Detroit are learning to build a community that does not need corporations for essential things. Dubaiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emir is still in control and probably will continue to be until the world shifts away from oil.

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Lovain Design Studio Fall 2018 DS 4000 ( 3GAX ) Instructor: Lucy Mcrae Team: Andres Gandara, Shaun Macallum, Nikos Michelis

Lovain is a company developed for the human of 2049. Through research and speculation, Lovain was developed. Lovain serves a world that lacks human interaction and the skills to form human bond. The research of forty years developed a ritual, an object, and sensory technology that allows humans to interact again. This retreat consists of a 7 day journey, where each sense is hyper-experienced and isolated, with two days of full immersion. Lovain was originally funded in 2018 as a egg and sperm freezing product. This product was a kit of dildo or flesh light, paired with a freezing solution for the sperm and egg. People have access and ownership through our products and can store them in the freezer. The company then shifts to pleasure and becomes a major industry in it. By 2030, the company realizes what has become of human interaction due to isolation from technological immersion. Lovain decides to live the sex toy industry and starts developing ways for humans to reconnect by introducing the five senses that have not been disconnected from the body.

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144 Lovain is the future of intimacy. Do you remember what it feels like to touch somebody else than yourself? The past four decades has seen a decline in male fertility, female reproduction, sexual promiscuity and in all plain and simple copulation. As you all know, we are having sex less and less. We are no longer able to naturally conceive our children neither do we have the time.

We know the anatomy better than any other. Our groundbreaking reproductive cell extraction from 2023 has provided us the necessary information and expertise to cultivate your experience. It has been the backbone of a forty-year period of intensive anthropological research. Its ability to harness data from male sperm and female eggs by yourself in your own home has allowed Lovain

Intimacy is Lovain.

145 access to fundamentally important information for the future of humanity. Today, this archived data defines our algorithms given in the ability to construct unique experiences for you and your partners. Each unique experience is structured around unique process to reinvigorate physical sex. No longer will you be simulating your experience

through virtual substitutes. Our 7 days retreat can fit anybody either you are looking for pleasure or procreation, we are able to accommodate you.

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Lov Toy Branding

149

ain

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Form Finding

151

Form Finding

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Chemical Traces to Enhance Experience

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Chemical Traces to Enhance Experience

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Packaging

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Packaging

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158 Lovain cares about you and your significant other(s). That’s why our products are hypoallergenic body safe platinum cure silicone. All of our products are non- toxic, acid, and animal cruelty free. Each toy is inspected for any imperfections before shipping. We believe that all customers have to “try before you buy” so we will send samples that what you return gets cleaned, recycled and repurposed for a 100% clean toy that someone else will get to enjoy. Now on to more pressing matters, we do accept returns withing a 30 day period given that we miss something and the toy(s) turn out to have defects or malfunctions. We suggest boiling the toy(s) in hot water for 5 minutes after each use. You can also use dish soap to speed up the process and don’t forget out toys’ batteries are fully sealed so you can throw it in the washer without any problems. If you wish to have a custom made toy, we suggest visiting your nearest facility for a detailed assesment and process for you to have the toy

Packaging

Enjoy and come back for more, we’ll be waiting

you either return or get to keep, but don’t worry,

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Packaging

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Sight

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Sight

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Taste

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Touch

164

Hearing

165

Smell

166

The Shaman Ritual

167

168

Bed

169

The Shaman

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

Encanto Park Library Design Development Fall 2018 AS 3122 ( 3GAX ) Instructor: Herwig Baumgartner Bryan Zamora Team: Akhil Mathew,Andres Gandara, Gokay Sapan, Raquel Bitar

This course investigates implementation of design as it relates to technology, building systems, and integration. Construction methods, analysis, building code, and mechanical systems are the main components for the course. The students are subjected to numerous case studies of similar built work. The course supplies experts in the fields of Architecture, Engineering, and management as to give as close direction to real world methods and practices.

177

178 01

A18 01

A19

2D DETAIL

A20

1. Painted Steel Flashing 2. Interior FRP wall 3. 8” SIP Panel 4. 12” x 6” Steel Tube (Rectangular) 5. 4” x 4” Steel channel 6. 10’ x 10’ FRP Cladding Panel

2D DETAIL

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

A17

WALL SECTION

3D WALL SECTION

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

3D WALL SECTION

Drawing by : AG, GS, NM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

4 5

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

MEGACHUNK

3D WALL SECTION

SCALE

NTS

DATE

12-02-2018

3D MEGACHUNK

SHEET NUMBER

179

180

8 9 10

11 12

RAGNA

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : AM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

3D FACADE CHUNK FACADE CHUNK

1. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel 2. Painted steel flashing 3. 5‘ x 5’ Composite Panels 4. Aluminium Curtain wall mullion 5. 5‘ x 5’ FRP Panel 6. 8” SIP Panel - waterproofed 7. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube 8. Interior Floor finish 9. 6” Floor slab 10. W-18 Steel Beam 11. Interior Drywall Panel 12. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular

SCALE

NTS

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

181

182

3d Wall Section

3D WALL SECTION

183

3D WALL SECTION

3d Wall Section

3D WALL SECTION

184

3D WALL SECTION

10. 18” - Primary Steel Tube - Circular 11. 8” - SIP Panel

3D WALL SECTION

12. 5‘ x 5’ FRP Panel 13. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel ( Rainscreen ) 14. Painted steel flashing 15. Double Glazing 16. Thermal insulation 17. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube - Punched w 18. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangu 19. 6” Steel Bracket 20. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangu 21. 6” Steel Angle 22. Kneewall 23. 5‘ Concrete Pavers 24. 2’ Concrete Column 25. Rigid insulation 26. 3’ Concrete Transfer slab 27. Waterproofing membrane

RAGNA

3d Wall Section

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

185 03

3D WALL SECTION

window frame ular

ular

3D WALL SECTION

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by :

Edited :

TEAM 2

3d Wall Section Checked by :

AM, GS, AG, NM, RB

3D WALL SECTION

SCALE

NTS

DATE Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

12-02-2018

SHEET

186

1. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube 2. 6” Steel bracket 3. Waterproofing 4. 8” SIP Panel - waterproofed 5. Foam Sealant 6. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular 7. Aluminium Curtain wall mullion 8. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel 9. Double Glazing 10. Aluminium Curtain wall mullion 11. Steel Cap

3D DETAIL

3d Wall Section

187

1. 8” SIP Panel - waterproofed 2. Waterproofed sheet metal roofing 3. Steel channels 4. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube 5. Bent Steel Guttering 6. 18” dia - Primary Steel Tube - Circular 7. Curtain wall glazing

3D DETAIL

3d Wall Section

SyStem type

compoSite

panelS

188

reference image

SyStem deScription

Composite Panel systems provide simplied wall assembly in single panel form. Panels have interlocking joints, and can accommodate custom windows and door additions. The panels can be assembled either vertically or horizontally, with two or sided joint components. PROS: simple and ecient construction, hidden support structure

fiber reinforced polymer cladding

glaSS fiber reinforced panelS

metal rainScreenS

aluminum framed glazing

glaSS unitized SyStem

CONS: labor intensive (depending on panel size and number of connections. Glass unitized systems are constructed prior to installation in the site. The glass unitized systems create glazed walls comprized of mullions and transoms. Unitized systems provide a specically calculated grid system and are most common in curtain wall contsruction. PROS: simple and ecient construction, most common type among commercial. CONS: limited design options. Steel-framed systems are made of thin frames of rolled steel and utilize double- glazing, most commonly, with single glazing available as an option. There is a wide variety of standard sections of steel proles and fully glazed walls are also possible. PROS: thin sight lines, re resistant properties CONS: led lights and window openings, windows are more vulnerable at the bottom edges, can be complicated Rainscreens allow space between materials so that water can pass through open joints. The space between allows for easy drainage of water from the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s facade. PROS: clean surface, water is redirected away from building. CONS: panel size is dependent on sheet metal size, panel geometry and design may be restricted.

Glass ber reinforced concrete (GFRC) panels provide outstanding customizable design options for concrete facades. The composite is mixed with thin glass ber strands that provide added strength and durability to the concrete formula. PROS: Perform better in compression (like concrete) but it is stronger, fibers are load-bearing members CONS: susceptible to fading (primarily with brighter custom colors), more expensive than traditional concrete Fiber reinforced polymers can be considered the most veratile of modern building materials, because of the myriad options available. These composite systems can provide reinforcement through glass, carbon ber and acrylic polymers. PROS: stronger, lighter, high rigidity and stiness, high impact resistance CONS: cost of material can be high, prone to stratching

project imple

ementation

RAGNA

189

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY Composite Panel System

Unitized Glazing System

Drawing by : NM Edited :

NM, AM

Aluminium Framed Curtain wall

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

Rainscreen

GFRC Panels

FRP Panels

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

BUILDING ENVELOPE SYSTEMS

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

Type

casT in place concreTe

190

applicaTion

maTerial opTions

maTerial choice

maTerial descripTion

projecT imple

Cast in place concrete provides the flexibility of finish and allows for flexibility of form on site. PROS: Availability, flexibility. CONS: carbon footprint, labor intensive. Durability: If properly sealed and cast, concrete can stand throughout the lifetime of the building.

aluminum curTain wall

Aluminum curtain walls provide a timeless aesthetic and delineate the openings on the building. PROS: Availability, flexibility, installation. CONS: Durability Durability: Aluminum frames allow for more flexibility in design an on the field, but are not as durable as other framing types.

coaTed aluminum frame

precasT TexTured concreTe panel

ceramic TexTured panel

composiTe panel

Cast composites panels allow for extreme flexibility in design and aesthetic, and allow for the soft edges on the panels. PROS: Infinite forms, durability. CONS: Each piece is unique Durability: Composites are extremely durable in that the chemical fusion of the elements can withstand many weather conditions. Ceramic textured panels allow for soft edges and flexible form that can be repeated and tiled. The tiles can have many colors. PROS: Infinite forms, colors CONS: Each piece is unique, labor intensive Durability: Ceramic tiles are extremely durable and can withstand many conditions, while preserving the vibrant colors and patterns created by the tiling. Precast panels allow a wide range of applications and forms, that can be repeated and tiled throughout the building. Additionally, the texture finish on the concrete creates the desired pattern. PROS: Infinite forms, repretitive panels, cost effective CONS: Transportation to site Durability: Precast concrete panels are extremely durable and can be lightweight when they are not load bearing. Coated aluminum curtain frame provide a timeless aesthetic and delineate the openings on the building. PROS: Availability, flexibility, installation. CONS: Durability Durability: Aluminum frames allow for more flexibility in design an on the field, but are not as durable as other framing types.

descripTion:

THE BUILDING FACA CREATE LAYERS OF FENESTRATION, WH IS COMPRISED OF L NATURAL LIGHT. VAR COMPOSITES ARE C THE EXTERIOR BUIL

EACH PANEL IS DIFF TO BLUR THE PANEL FIRST BY MATERIAL IS THEN PLACED ON

emenTaTion

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

Precast Textured Concrete Panel

Coated Aluminum Frame

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Composite Panel

Textured Ceramic Panel

Drawing by : RB Edited :

Aluminum Curtain Wall

RB, AM

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

ADE IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS MATERIALS, THAT F COMPLEXITY AND VARIABILITY OF DETAIL. THE BUILDING HICH INCLUDES INDIVIDUAL OPENINGS AND A CURTAIN WALL LOW-E INSULATING GLASS TO REDUCE HEAT GAIN BUT ALLOW RIOUS PANEL TYPES, SUCH AS CERAMIC, PRECAST, AND COMBINED INTO A LARGER PANEL, THAT IS THEN ATTACHED TO LDING STRUCTURE.

FERENT DUE TO THE WAY THE FACADE COMES TOGETHER AND L SEAMS. THE PANELS ARE FABRICATED INDEPENDENTLY AT L TYPE, THEN COMBINED ON SITE INTO THE MEGA PANEL THAT N THE FACADE.

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

191

192

EGRESS - GROUND PLAN

A13

A14

EGRESS - TYPICAL PLAN

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

FOURTH/FIFTH FLOOR 4600 SF

Occupancy Type: A-3 Occupant Load: Stack Area:100 gross Reading Rooms: 50 net

THIRD FLOOR 4600 SF

Occupancy Type: A-3 Occupant Load: Stack Area:100 gross Reading Rooms: 50 net

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

SECOND FLOOR 6400 SF

Occupancy Type: A-3 Occupant Load: Stack Area:100 gross Reading Rooms: 50 net

Drawing by : RB Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

GROUND FLOOR 8600 SF

Occupancy Type: A-2, A-3 Occupant Load: Stack Area:100 gross Reading Rooms: 50 net

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

EGRESS

SCALE

EGRESS

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

193

194

OCCUPANCY SEPARATION

A10 03

OCCUPANCY GROUP

A10

BUSINESS GROUP B ASSEMBLY A-1 ASSEMBLY A-3 PARKING

FIRE SEPARATION

A10

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : RB Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

EFLECTED CEILING PLAN - FIRE SPRINKLERS

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

FIRE SEPARATION + CONSTRUCTION TYPE

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

LIFE SAFETY RATED WALL TYPES

2-HR RATED CONSTRUCTION

SHEET NUMBER

A10

195

196

ADA - GROUND PLAN

A13

84 in

ADA ACCESSIBLE WATER CLOSET

68 in

A14

ADA - TYPICAL PLAN ADA ACCESSIBLE ELEVATOR

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : RB Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

ADA - ACCESSIBLE AREAS

A11

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

96 in 84 in

ADA

60 in

96 in SCALE

60 in DATE

17 ft 6 in ADA ACCESSIBLE PARKING

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

A11

197

198

Composite Panel System Unrolled

A12 01

Primary Structure

A12

Exterior Facade System Unrolled

A12 02

Secondary Structure

A12

Tertiary Structure

Floor Structure Grid

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Glazing - Aluminium Mullion System

A12

Drawing by : AM, NM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

CONSTRUCTION COST

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

A12

199

200

GALLERY

ENTRY

JANITORIAL

STAIR 2

STORAGE

W RR

M RR

ELEVATOR LOBBY

ENCANTO PARK

INFORMATION

CAFE

REA STORAGE

STAIR 1

ENTRY

LOBBY

AUDITORIUM

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENTRY

CIRCULATION

3D WALL SECTION

ONE WAY PARKING

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY BOOK STACKS DROP OFF AREA

Drawing by : RB Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

ENTRY

BOOK STACKS

ADING AREA

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

SITEPLAN

SCALE

1/32” = 1’

DATE

A13

GROUND PLAN

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

A13

201

202

READING AREA

STAIR 2

STORAGE

W RR INTERACTIVE AREAS

M RR

2D DETAIL

A20 ELEVATOR LOBBY

READING AREA INTERACTIVE AREAS

VR AREA

VR AREA STORAGE

CIRCULATION STAIR 1

CONFERENCE INDIVIDUAL STUDY

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ONE WAY PARKING

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

READING AREA

Drawing by : RB Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

DROP OFF AREA

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

TYPICAL FLOORPLAN

SCALE

1/32” = 1’

DATE

A14

FIRST LEVEL PLAN

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

A14

203

204

WALL SECTION

A17

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

71'-0'' 5th Level

WALL SECTION

A17

57'-0'' 4th Level

Drawing by : RB, AM, NM Edited :

43'-0'' 3rd Level

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

29'-0'' 2nd Level

15'-0'' 1st Level

WALL SECTION

A17

0'-0'' Ground Level

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

BUILDING SECTION

10 SCALE Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

A15

BUILDING SECTION

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

A15

205

206

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : RB, AG Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

57'-0'' 4th Level

43'-0'' 3rd Level

29'-0'' 2nd Level

15'-0''

TEAM 2

1st Level

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

0'-0'' Ground Level

BUILDING ELEVATION

SCALE Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

A16

BUILDING ELEVATION

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

A16

207

1. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel ( Rainscreen ) 2. Painted Bent Steel Guttering 3. FRP Panel 4. 5‘ x 5’ FRP Panel 5. Waterproofing 6. Foam Sealant 7. W-18 Steel Beam 8. 10” to 18” steel standoff 9. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube 10. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel ( Rainscreen ) 11. Painted steel flashing 12. Double Glazing 13. Thermal insulation 14. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube - Punched window frame 15. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular 16. 6” Steel Bracket 17. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular 18. 6” Steel Angle 19. Kneewall 20. 5‘ Concrete Pavers 21. Rigid Insulation 22. 3’ Concrete Transfer slab 23. 2’ Concrete Column

208

TOP FLOOR TO FACA

A17

TYPICAL FLOOR TO

A17

04 01

A17

1 2 WALL SECTION

A17

GROUND FLOOR TO

RAGNA

2 3 4

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

5 6

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

ADE

Drawing by : AM, NM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

14 15

O FACADE

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

WALL SECTION

20 21 22

SCALE SPECIFIED

SHEET NUMBER ON DRAWING

DATE

12-02-2018 1

A17

209

210

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

1. 18’ dia Primary Steel Tube - Circular 2. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular 3. SIP Panel - Waterproofed 4. Waterproofed Sheet metal roofing 5. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel ( Rainscreen ) 6. Steel channel 7. Drywall ceiling 8. 18’ dia Primary Steel Tube - Circular 9. Aluminium Curtain wall mullion 10. Double Glazing

Drawing by : AM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

5 6

TEAM 2 8

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

2D DETAILS

SCALE SPECIFIED

2D DETAIL

5 ft

SHEET NUMBER ON DRAWING

DATE

12-02-2018

A18

211

212

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

1. Aluminium Curtain Wall Mullion 2. Double Glazing 3. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel ( Rainscreen ) 4. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube 5. Waterproofing 6. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular 7. SIP Panel - Waterproofed 8. 6” Steel Bracket 9. Interior drywall panel

A19

2D DETAIL

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : AM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

2D DETAILS

SCALE

5 ft

SPECIFIED

SHEET NUMBER ON DRAWING

DATE

12-02-2018

A19

213

214

INTERIOR

1. Waterproofing 2. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube 3. 10’ x 10’ FRP Panel ( Rainscreen ) 4. Painted Steel Flashing 5. 4” x 4” Structural Steel tube - Window Framing 6. SIP Panel - Waterproofed 7. 12” x 6” - Primary Steel Tube - Rectangular 8. 10” to 18” steel standoff 9. 6” Steel bracket 9. Interior drywall panel

A20

2D DETAIL

RAGNA 1

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : AM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

EXTERIOR

TEAM 2 7 Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

2D DETAILS

SCALE

5 ft

SPECIFIED

SHEET NUMBER ON DRAWING

DATE

12-02-2018

A20

215

216

PANEL PERPECTIVE

A21

PANEL TOP

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : AM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

MOLD PERPECTIVE

A21

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

PANEL DESIGN & MOLD

SCALE

NTS

DATE

12-02-2018

A21

MOLD TOP

SHEET NUMBER

A21

217

218

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : NM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

219

Ventilated roof exhausts hot air. Operable openings at perimeter allow constant air circulation.

220

Supply Duct

Double Pane Glass Blinds

NATURAL VENTILATION DIAGRAM

Solar radiation max at south and west facade reading areas, shading provided in these areas

15â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

NATURAL DAYLIGHTING DIAGRAM

The library is internally ventilated through the central atrium element, which connects each floor throughout the building. Operable openings at each level allow a modifiable level of comfort for occupied spaces at the perimeter.

The library is only partially naturally ventilated at the building perimeter using operable openings. The building total area of 35,000 sf allots for 1,750 sf of operable window area. The individual reading areas lend themselves to be naturally ventilated and lit, as they occupy the perimeter areas at each floor. Since the library is located at a park near the San Gabriel mountain range, natural ventilation is feasible due to the access to fresh clean air and no nearby obstructions. The interior “blob” houses the library’s technological spaces, such as computer labs, virtual reality labs, and other media that requires protection from the elements. These spaces are ventilated using HVAC systems that can be controlled to suit the needs of the computers and users. The spaces are ventilated through the floor rather than from the ceilings, so as to reduce energy use.

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

The primary strategy for the library is to provide modifiable ventilation for users at the perimeter reading areas, while keeping the equipment with specific temperature requirements within a controlled area/blob. The operable openings are insulated glass units that prevent excessive heat gain and are inset within the building facade to be self-shading, since the building facade has many facets at varying slopes.

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY SUMMER MODE

Drawing by : RB Edited :

RB, AG

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

WINTER MODE

NATURAL VENTILATION STRATEGIES

The primary daylighting strategy is based on the inclinations of the different facades, and the building orientation. The openings are based on ventilation and daylighting needs of the library. The reading areas can be lit and ventilated naturally because of the comfort requirements. The are many openings at varying sizes throughout the facade and roof, which allow for lighting throughout the day during the times in which the library is in operation. The openings are inset within the facade, and self shaded using deep mullions and composite panels around the openings. These work as overhangs and vertical fins, due to the everchanging slopes of each facade, never perpendicular to the ground. The outdoor reading areas are shaded using the building mass itself.

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS CLERESTORY

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018 ANGLED OPENINGS/CLERESTORY

NATURAL DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

SHEET NUMBER

221

222

1 S

CAM

S S

CAM

Legend

RAGNA

Wooden Ceiling GWB Ceiling finishing rate 5 Linear Light Fixture

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

Exhaust Air 2'x2' Light Fixture LED Linear Diffuser Fire Sprinkler Dimmable Spot Lights CAM

Security Camera Speakers Smoke Detector

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : NM

Edited :

CAM

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

LIGHTING SYSTEMS RCP, FIXTURE SCHEDULE

SCALE

1/8" = 1'-0"

REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

223

224 NOISE

Rea

Building Structure

1/2” Gyspum Board

Acoustic Insulation

2-1/2” Steel Stud

Acoustic Ceiling

2” Batt Insulation

Drywall Ceiling

2 X1/2” Gyspum Board

Inte

Ind

5/8” Acoustical Ceiling

Readi

Quite s acousti

Confer

Isolated treatme

ACOUSTIC DETAILS

SCHEMATIC PLAN ACOUSTIC DIAGRAM

The reading rooms a predominant type for related activities. Old furniture have typical and reading rooms. T

factors, such as the la negative effects on ib appropriate design to privacy. Conference r

1.Choose a combination 2.Make the eading room 3.Select panels that have similarly absorbent mater

6.Add masking sound wi library.

Duct Silencer

Return Duct

Noise from Outside

STC 45 Rated Theater walls Carpet

ACOUSTIC PLAN

Supply Duct

Concrete Core

Duct Silencer

Double pane insulated glass STC 60 Rated Theater walls

RAGNA

ading Rooms

onference Room

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

eractive Spaces

dividual Study

ing Rooms

spaces. Require additional ic treatment.

rence Room

d space. Needs acoustic ent.

AR rooms and Interactive spaces

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Reading rooms and Conference Room

Lobby and reception

Drawing by : AM Edited :

AG, AM

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

SCHEMATIC SECTION ACOUSTIC DIAGRAM

and conference rooms have become the r modern libraries for a wide range of workder designs with stand-alone panels and lly been replaced by modular workstations This type of ibrary is considered to be cheaper

ack of privacy and increased noise, that have brary users and that need to be mitigated by o obtain an acceptable level of acoustical rooms require additional acoustic isolation.

of ceiling absorption and panel height. ms as large as possible. e an SAAâ&#x2030;¥0.70 and treat all large vertical surfaces with rial.

ith a 45-dBA level evenly distributed throughout the

Noise from Interactive spaces

Noise from AR Spaces

Noise from Outside

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

ACOUSTICS

Acoustic Ceiling Acoustic Insulation Noise from Lobby and reception

Noise from lecture theater

ACOUSTIC SECTION

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

225

226

General Notes The total area of the library is 40.000 sq. ft. This is the reason why the building needs two A.H.U. units of 400 sq. ft. to achieve the required heating and cooling requirements.

Mechanical System A.H.U. 1 = 20’x 8’ = 400 sq. ft. A.H.U. 2 = 20’x 8’ = 400 sq. ft. (Supply and Return) Risers = 15 sq. ft

3’x2’ Supply 3’x2’ Return

Electrical System Electrical = 1 per floor = 100 sq.ft IT Room = 1 per floor = 100 sq. ft.

A.H.U.1 400 sq. ft.

HVAC PLAN

RAGNA

3’x2’ Supply 3’x2’ Return

SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

IT Room Electrical Room Diffusers

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Drawing by : GS, NM

Branch Ducts

Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

A.H.U.2 400 sq. ft. Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

3D AXO OF MEP BUILDING SYSTEMS HEATING AND COOLING

SCALE

NTS

3D AXO OF MEP SYSTEMS

DATE

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StruCtural SyStem DeFinitionS

Steel Framing: 228 Post & Beam

88 Wood St // Rogers Stirk + Harbour Steel frame post and beam structures consist of a structural steel skeleton connected by bolts or welds. The frame can be either braced or continuous. Pros 1. Repetitive construction techniques 2. Short contruction time. 3. High vertical load capacity

Truss System

Cons Expensive Material and labour costs Prone to rust and corrosion

Beijing New Airport Terminal Building // Zaha Hadid Architects A space frame is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts connected at nodes to form a geometric shape. Pros 1. Repetitive construction techniques 2. High strength to weight ratio 3. Redistributes and redirects loads through members allowing for greater spans. 4. Modular system

Grid-Shell

Cons Expensive material costs Requires lateral bracing

Centre Georges Pompidou // Renzo Piano + Richard Rogers Truss systems are triangulated systems of straight interconnected elements. The individual elements are connected at nodes. Pros 1. Repetitive construction techniques 2. High strength to weight ratio 3. Redistributes and redirects loads through members allowing for greater spans.

Space Frame

projeCt implementation

Cons Expensive Material and labour costs Prone to rust and corrosion Low heat retension which leads to increase in heating and cooling costs

Zhang Zhidong Industrial Museum // Daniel Libeskind A steel grid-shell structure derives its strength from doube curvature in the geometry and is contructed of a grid or lattice. Pros 1. Stable with double curvature 2. Efficient use of material resources 3. Can be used to achieve complex geometries

Cons Expensive Material and labour costs Prone to rust and corrosion

ConCrete Framing: Post & Beam

Long Museum // Atelier Deshaus Concrete post and beam structures consist of concrete columns and concrete beams that are usually set on a grid to form the structural skeleton of a building. Pros 1. Superior compressive and tensile strengths 2. Fire proof 3. Relatively cheaper than steel

Flat Plate

Cons Not efficient for complex grometries Requires regular load paths on both the horizontal and vertical axis

Unite dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Habitation // Le Corbusier Flat plate is a two way reinforced concrete framing system which utilzes a slab of uniform thickness. They are a one or two-way system supported directly on columns or load bearing walls. Pros 1. Thin floor thickness 2. Fire proof 3. Lighter than regular slabs

Cons Increase vertical members for support Requires regular load paths on both the horizontal and vertical axis

lateral ForCe reSiSting SyStemS: Moment Frame

Feltrinelli Porta Volta // Herzog & de Meuron Moment frames are rectiliner frames that consist of both beams and columns. Moment frames are most efficient in long continuous structures. Pros 1. Repetitive frame 2. Cheaper due to repitition 3. Relatively simple contruction techniques

Braced Frame

The Leadenhall Building // Rogers Stirk + Harbour A braced from is a structural system design to resist wind and other lateral forces (earthquakes etc.). Pros 1. Strengthens the structural frame 2. Can be used only in specific places in the frame

Shear Wall

Cons Bound to specific form Can not be used for complex geometries

Cons Requires fire proofing Obstructs potential openings

Tate Extension // Herzog & de Meuron Concrete shear walls is the vertical element of the lateral force resisting system. Pros 1. Strengthens the structural frame 2. Can be used only in specific places in the frame 3. Lower cost depending on the scale of the project

Cons Need to be sealed (cores) May lead to condensation on the inside

DeSCription:

Our project implements a number of the The overall system can be understood a i.e. A steel grid-shell to support the facad steel column & beam system to support by two shear cores. All vertical loads are transfer slab on the ground.

RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

Steel Standoffs and Steel Tube 1 ft dia Steel Column

12” x 6” Steel Tube - Rect

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

6” Floor slab

18” dia Steel Tube - Circular

Drawing by : AM Edited :

AM, GS

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SELECTION

e structural systems researched. as a combination of two main systems, de and maintain the building form and a t the floors. These systems are stabilized e transferred to the foundation via a

SCALE

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

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RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

Concrete Shear Core

Slab edge beam

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

1’ dia Steel Column

W-18 Steel Beam

Drawing by : GS, AG Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

3’ Transfer Slab

2’ Concrete Column

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

3D STRUCTURAL AXO GRAVITANIONAL FORCES

SCALE

NTS

3D STRUCTURAL AXO

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

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RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

Aluminium Mullion

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY 12” x 6” Steed Tube - Rectangular

18” dia Steed Tube - Circular

Drawing by : GS, AG, NM Edited :

18” Concrete Curb

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

3D STRUCTURAL AXO SEISMIC AND LATERAL FORCES

SCALE

NTS

3D STRUCTURAL AXO

DATE

12-02-2018

SHEET NUMBER

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RAGNA SCI-Arc 960 E 3rd Los Angeles, CA. USA

8” SIP Panel - 5’ x 10’

ENCANTO PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY

4” x 4” Steel tube Frame

10” - 18” Steel standoff 4” x 4” Steel tube

Drawing by : GS, AG, NM Edited :

Checked by : AM, GS,

AG, NM, RB

TEAM 2

Raquel Bitar Andres Gandara Akhil Mathew Nikos Michelis Gokay Sapan

3D STRUCTURAL AXO SECONDARY STRUCTURE

SCALE

NTS

3D STRUCTURAL AXO

DATE

12-02-2018

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Who’s Afraid of Relationism Theories of Contemporary Architecture III Fall 2018 HT 2515 ( 3GAX ):Who’s Afraid of Relationism Instructor: Sanford Kwinter, Marrikka Trotter Team: Andres Gandara

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Shifting & Shaping Undefined matter is alien to human nature, as we rely on defining our surroundings in order to function in it. Moving along defined objects like buildings and offices, the spaces then become products of our definitions and preconceptions. Simondon refers to individuation as a premise to have matter without meaning, so to create an endless possibility of what is, is, and break typical conventions that define objects and their purpose. This is done with the purpose of creation and recreation, thus, having the power of change, adapt, and break. By allowing matter, or in this case, buildings and objects break from given meaning, new possibilities of what space can be is attainable. Through this ideology, program can be altered the same way and human interaction can then be affected. The modal works in conjunction with individuation as time passes and allows for perturbations to occur. The

Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) had a recent commission for a renovation and addition to the Foundation Galleries Lafayette, located in Paris, France. Diller Scofidio + Renfro designed The Shed, which is a building that can roll an exterior skin into the adjacent open space in order to use it as an extension of the program. Lastly, P-A-T-T-ER-N-S, housing project with Infonavit, shows a housing unit that is built from the exterior to interior.

This building, as most objects, was given the definition of a shelter for commercial and trading purposes in the late 19th century. It showcases and earth tone, French Renaissance exterior facade that keeps the building from falling out of context. The surrounding buildings have been filled up with artists, studios, and liberal

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arts, building a community that would have never existed if the area had continued as a major commercial zone. As the community begins to form an identity, the purpose of why the building exists shifts and is repurposed. OMA had the idea of adding a stack of planes that are detached from the building. These planes, apart from being detached, can move vertically, allowing access to some and restricting access to others. This gives a different meaning to what can be available and the meaning of each floor shifts. This is very important as you can isolate aspects of an event and use this to your advantage, individuating the stacks from each other and from the building. By undefining what these planes are supposed to be, OMA brakes the typical conventions of space. Space that is defined by program and human interaction becomes ethereal as planes arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t accessible at specific times that are programed based on the installation. This taps into the notion of individuation by becoming something that is not defined by what it is, instead, it is defined by what it must become.

The renovation restores materials of the

interior in order to follow the guidelines of the City Heritage authorities. While the aesthetics of the building are not individuated from its context, artists can set up a space in the warehouse, where the space becomes a full exploration area, allowing access to any tools and desired building techniques for whatever the next exhibition may require. The space transforms through time as it may be used to build props or explore aspects of the current exhibition due to free use of the building for artists. The addition is also enclosed by a framing system in order to have at least one way in which it is part of the existing building. This makes the platforms behave as more than just partitions and bridges of space across the building. This notion of detachment from the main building typical conventions of program and what defines it as a set of rules that happen in a given space. The Shed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro behaves alike the gallery as it has a secondary exterior skin that rolls into the adjacent space. It dwells in the ideas of flexibility and improvisation. The building is comprised of two exterior

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facades, a fixed one and a temporary one. The temporary one has the ability to move from its fixed position that acts as the main facade and extend, revealing the second exterior facade and expanding space by adding a new section of shelter. The program consists of a performance center that is functional when the exterior facade extends and an exhibition area that is permanent. The shifting area becomes a space that works as a multipurpose room with intricate details in the assemblage of rolling legs. There is a multilevel of program that is only available when the exterior facade rolls out into what is a public space. This new enclosed area creates the necessary space for big events and control of the elements. Not only does it affect the adjacent space, but it can fracture it by stopping at any given interval as to be critical with the consumption of space. These two buildings share the design principles of kinetic ideologies of space formation and programming. This is also very different than the typical open plan idea that has become very popular in the past two decades by taking one step further the idea of multi-configuration of a space

into being part or breaking out of the interior and usable space. This could be considered as breaking out of phase, as the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kinetic spaces shift and become useful or not. These two different methods can then be categorized as mechanical perturbations that affect how a space and its program functions. In the Galleries Lafayette, its ability to affect and produce change over the time an exhibition is taking place allows all sorts of perturbations that are ever-changing as time passes and exhibitions change. In the Shed, the mechanical perturbations allow for specific program to happen only when the exterior facade has extended out into the adjacent space, changing the primary and given program of that overtaken space. This perturbation allows the modal to take effect in the same way as the Galleries Lafayette, but it is not as successful as it has been designed and programmed for that specific task. Both architecture offices have managed to introduce modality and produce changes in the program through techniques that allow for change to happen over time. Artists are able to exploit this and transform their work

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in any way the space allows them to. This is a catalyst for future exploration and breakage from conventional use of program and its static position, individuating every instance of program before it comes into being. P-A-T-T-E-R-N-S, an architecture firm funded by Marcelo Spina and Georgina Huljich, worked with Infonavit, one of the biggest housing companies from Central and South America. The housing unit is built from the shell and then worked inward, with the goal of having the typology be reproduced by the local community with ease. This also leads dwellers into creating a program of their own and each unit can be configured to the needs of the owner. Adding partitions or removing them as well as shifting the use of designated spaces from what was intended. It can be implied that each unit will have variance from the original as these lowincome communities may not have access to the necessary tools for consistency, adding more speculation and uniqueness between each

instance. As the element of the architect is removed from the plans and the original entity, the object will begin to morph based on each need that may come up with time, changing the original plan and this can result in a complete breakage from the original. This can also be considered as a structural perturbation in the system. Through both of these major perturbations, a whole new network of units can come about from this one. Each and every instance will be personalized, almost as if it was mass customized and part of an intricate system of rules that are broken every time. All that is known is that there is a set of instructions that are somewhat guiding each construction, leading each unit into an individual path that is based on technique, intelligence, and ability to improvise. These three projects display shifting and shaping of program and space through individuating and perturbating through time. Individuation is also managed by time, as nothing can happen if time does not pass. These also shape and shift the conventional through a series

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of catalysts that require the user to be aware and able to exploit the instances that are generated by specific design decisions. As mentioned earlier, individuation regulates what can be and what is through redefining matter and its purpose. Time becomes a vessel that allows individuation to come forward as new ideas come about.

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Beinecke Library Design Studio Spring 2019 DS 5000 ( 3GBX ) Instructor: Hernan Diaz Alonso, Rachael McCall Team: Andres Gandara

The Beinecke Library is regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. A pragmatic design that works well with its context and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s easy to digest layout. The interior serves its purpose majestically by illuminating the interior through its thin, marbled facade, while keeping every book in the perfect conditions for longevity. The studio aims to re-design the building without changing square footage or program. By doing so, what qualities are worth saving, and which ones are outdated? How does the new design affect the books and why is it important, or not, to keep these rare books intact? My design derives from specific emotions evoked by the old Library. The books are encased two facades. One has zero fenestrations and the second is glass. The glass facade encases the books as a precious stone of unknown value. My vision, uses these qualities by encasing the program inside a facade that is impaled by crystal formations. These formations bring in light into every level and are way finders for specific programs. The presence of this design is eerie and hard to familiarize with, as to keep intruders away and those in need of knowledge, safe inside.

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Crimped & Puffy Visual Studies Summer 2019VS 2769 ( 3GBX ) Instructor: Rachael McCall Team: Andres Gandara

This course will explore methods and opportunities for sculpting and animating, thick brush strokes through three different digital mediums; ZBrush, Oculus Medium, and After Effects. Eliciting thoughts of fashion, layered flaky pastry and strange hair styles, forms and textural responses are to play on the terms, crimped and puffy. What can these words evoke as objects, sound, and fashion? Challenging the smooth slickness of a spline and polygon modeling of the 1990s and early 200s, the seminar will operate within the current postdigital context, investigating ideas of precise and intentional unruliness, mixing rustication and delicacy, and how formal legibility is affected by rips, wrinkles, peeling, and fuzz.

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A Construct Graduate Thesis Summer 2019 Guidance: Marcelyn Gow, Erick Ghenoiu Team: Andres Gandara

This thesis is focused on the development of residential and commercial typologies that may only exist in Olusosun, a dump site inside the city of Lagos, Nigeria. Dump sites of first world countries have moved abroad into the Middle East when China stopped all recyclable material imports. Periods of evolution of capitalism have transformed society and consumerism. As nations develop ties, new production and consumption arise. Distributed territories around the globe become powerhouses in the process. The global economy has reduced the distance between consumers and products that are produced all over the world. Due to these alterations, first world countries are producing massive amounts of waste and cities have not been able to keep up with the increasing demand on landfills. We have seen a major shift in waste treatment to recycle as much as possible but have failed in doing so as almost none of this form of waste is actually recycled. Because of this, third world countries have become the new landfill. As third world countries become our new landfills, what can architecture do to mediate this new problem?

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The city of Lagos, Nigeria has seen exponential growth in the past years with a population of over 27 million today. The city surrounds the old landfills that used to be in the outskirts two years ago. This has sprouted informal settlements on top of the waste that serve as housing and waste treatment. Economic development exists because of the waste as the dwellers scout and scavenge recyclable materials that are sold to mediators that further extract materials before exporting raw materials. This has brought many issues that linger on the 100 acre Olusosun dump site inside the city. Pollution, disease, toxic waste, and money are the current situation that these workers face on a daily basis. Social paradigms that exist around these new territories are exploited and altered by necessity. Experimentation and examination of these new landscapes and their need for future cities, politics, and society have unlimited potential for the development of the required ever-changing typologies that will emerge from this thesis. Cities developed a system that transfer all garbage across the globe. This includes recyclables as well as typical waste. These methods include, burying in landfills, burning trash for electricity, compacting and using it to extend ports, and some is recycled. About 2% off all trash is actually recycled, while the rest of the trash ends as one of the other options. Most first world countries have set up incentives for exporting waste and recycled material as landfills are filling up and there is no system or regulations established across countries for recyclables. One of the major problems is the way recycled material is treated by consumers. Most Americans believe that all there is to do is to drop it in the

recycling bin and the rest will be taken care of. Unfortunately, the recycling process consists of sorting, cleaning and preparing before companies can begin the next step. This first step comes with a huge cost because this can only be done through a workforce. Capitalist America is not willing to invest in this first step, nor are many countries that have relied on China. This is the main reason why China has stopped all imported recyclables from entering the country. The imports without a destination end up along coastal cities in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. All of the impacted villages and cities are now dumping sites and the local population is forced to live in the imposed conditions. Disease and opportunity has increased in these cities are people scavenge waste as its dumped into sites like the Olusosun dump site in the middle of the city of Lagos, Nigeria. This particular city has seen exponential growth from the world wide dumping that occurs in a 100 acre landfill inside the city. This has brought many opportunities for locals to make a living from a system of scavengers and mediators that do the job for first world countries. Scavengers go through piles and piles of trash on a daily basis gathering plastics, metals, electronics, and textiles that are then sold by weight to processor groups that separate the materials in specific groups for extraction, recycling, or shredding. Extraction of metals from electronic waste is harmful as many chemicals are used and pollutants and toxic clouds are by-product of the process. Plastics have to be cleaned and shredded in order to transfer by weight instead of volume, and textiles are sorted and paper is recycled or burned for energy. After this stage,

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the materials are then sold to an exporter that trades worldwide to specialized centers that have the required tools and services to recycle and treat pollutants with the intention of producing zero pollutants. This system is believed to be the solution by experts as the waste created per person keeps increasing and as urban areas keep growing. The displacement of waste has found an immediate solution at the moment but some of the long term effects like decreased lifespan and increase in disease in third world countries will pose high risk to the world. Mosquitoes find the new dumping sites as breeding grounds and are a big problem in Africa already. Epidemics like malaria are transferred by mosquitoes and Lassa fever outbreaks have had devastating impact on Lagos already due to poor sanitation and improper garbage disposal systems. Hard land is also becoming scarce as more acres around the city become dump sites, forcing locals to adapt settlements on top of trash or use it to extend housing into the bay. This process resembles many industries fueled by consumerism and Western countries like precious stones and cheap objects bought online in which a hierarchy develops and socially, politically and financially. In these systems, the group of people at the bottom are exploited by cheap labor and bad working conditions, while the profit only rises the higher you are in the ladder. This thesis will focus on the social, political, and architectural layers behind the system that has been created by the waste industry in third world countries in order to find or create ways

of enhancements that can potentially increase or optimize the conditions set by the industry. By accepting that this situation will stay due to ignorance of urban consumers, it is better to find ways of infiltrating the process for hybridizing the commercial, warehouse, and residential typologies into a conglomerate of either machine-like, or waste-like types that will enhance the conditions encountered at Olusosun dump site. By doing so, living and working conditions are to be enhanced locally and uniquely for this site based on real data and analysis. Global trade systems have been established and regulated to the point were it is best for cities to transport waste around the globe. Because of the conditions imposed by consumerism, nations have become landfills for others and created horrible living, and health issues in these areas. These dumping sites are found in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa in coastal regions. Coastal regions are prime candidates as ports become the starting point of waste transportation. Nigeria Ports Authority is the entity in charge of control and inspection of imports and exports of Lagos Port Complex. Lagos, Nigeria is one of the largest producers of solid waste in Africa and it is over populated, making waste management harder to manage. Many living quarters are located next to unmanageable landfills. This with the addition of poor waste practice by like littering the streets and dumping waste in gutters and drainages leads to stagnant water that becomes the perfect ecosystem for mosquitoes and other diseasecarrying bugs. These problems have existed for decades due to lack of governmental funding and poor initiatives to educate locals about the

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dangers that arise from the poor treatment of waste. Apart from all the waste created internally, Nigeria is one of the largest importers of secondhand electronic waste. Lagos Port Complex is the biggest e waste handling port in the country. All the waste imported to Lagos port stays in the city and is mainly dropped off at Olusosun. All electronic waste is scavenged by locals that have to dig trough the waste and hand pick logic boards and other parts that may contain precious metals. These parts go through a stripping process called “urban mining”. The process consists of stripping components into parts like plastics and metals, then bathing the metals in different chemicals that begin the stripping and separation process. These chemical reactions and by-products release toxins if not disposed of properly. In Lagos, the chemicals are either dumped on land or in the ocean or burnt. All of these are not solutions are make a problem increasingly difficult to manage and control. In 2017, the government of Nigeria announced the Cleaner Lagos Initiative, a major reform to improve the solid waste management infrastructure. The initiative began by closing several dump sites around the city to manage drainage, dumping in gutters and roads. A publicprivate partnership with the environmental group, Visionscape Sanitation Solutions was to be established, were the group was in charge of door-to-door waste, and the creation of specific landfill depots in Mushin, a district located West of Lagos. The government can’t just move all the waste into rural areas as the city is a nomadic entity

that only grew to this scale because of the waste. Lagos population only reached its peak when China stopped all imports on recyclables and waste. Another reason is the low volume of waste that is scavenged by each local is not enough for transportation as it is all treated on site. Campsites and homes developed on top of the waste and landfills have become a “suitable place to live” as they grow and take over more and more land. Waste scavenging and recycling has become the only way of income for many locals. Young groups of people move to the city to do these jobs as it provides income and does not require skills. The unskilled labor is hazardous as more people join because it raises competition for the plastic that is dumped daily to the point were violence arises. Why Lagos? The city attracts massive amounts of workers as more and more waste is dumped in the city. Locals believe that the dumping is a good thing as it brings opportunity and money in. City government officials are trying to implement cleaning and managing practices and raise public awareness about the issues created by waste. Settlements are developing atop waste and there is a need for reform. By developing a system for waste to become a reusable element of architecture, a hybrid typology that resides within housing and assembly lines.

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Bangaluru, India

Guiyu, China

Karachi, Pakistan

Lagos, Nigeria

Agbogbloshie, Ghana

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The current United States situates the recycling problem at a disadvantage. There is some awareness about the current situation of global warming and that we need to recycle as a society. The process of recycling is a bit more complicated than what it seems, as mentioned before, and it is a fact that many households put all recyclables together into plastic bags and dispose of them on a specific bin. This bin is usually cleared by a truck that is part of a larger city infrastructure and taken into a dedicated plant where the contents are separated. In big urban areas, like Los Angeles, this process is broken down into sectors that have their own warehouses that are usually privately owned. The sector that is owned by the state mostly ends up at the countyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landfill. The rest of the private sector has the opportunity for incentives that apply when any kind of waste is removed from the city. The reason why these incentives are active is because the city landfills are running out of space due to the huge amounts of waste created daily by society by consumer economies. Packaging of products is defined by the EPA as containers and packaging that is assumed to be discarded the same year the products they contain are purchased. This type of packaging make up for 77.9 million tons of solid waste were 29 million tons end up in the municipal landfills. Packaging is divided into paper, paperboard, glass, steel, aluminum, plastics, and wood. Plastic consists of 9 million tons with half of it ending up in landfills, a third is recycled and the rest is turned into energy. Steel does far better as most of it is not produced in households. A total of 2.2 million tons, were 20% of steel ends up in landfills while three quarters is recycled and the rest is used for energy recovery. Half of the 1.8 million tons

of aluminum as recycled and the other half ends up in landfills. Paper and paperboard generation reach 31.3 million tons but 92% of it is recycled while most of the leftovers ends up in landfills. Wood packaging consists of 9.8 million tons of waste. Almost half of it ends up in landfills and the rest is recycled. Plastic is uncontrollable as it is categorized as one thing. Plastics are not one type and not all kinds are recyclable. This makes it very complicated to keep track of but what has been tracked ends up at a total of 14.7 million tons. 69% of the recorded plastic is landfilled and the rest is recycled. This analysis of the EPA does not include construction waste, demolition debris, wastewater, sludge, non-hazardous industrial wastes, and electronic waste. My focus is on electronic waste as it seems to be the most toxic besides industrial waste, and it seems to be the new leader of toxicity when treated in a noncontrolled environment. This was an analysis from 2015 and only from the USA. It is expected for the numbers to steadily rise as population increases. It is true that the nation needs a change in policy and better ways to publicly release information that may increase awareness. Lagos, receives massive amounts of electronic waste and in between all of the unregulated imports, most of it I assume is illegally imported. Every electronic product needs a logic board. This board is made up of layers of copper and fiberglass. The layers lead to a compact way of having more paths for components to communicate. This layering makes each logic board value increase when recycling. Other metals used in small quantities are gold and lead. Some of the older products contain mercury, the

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plastic coating on cables releases toxic fumes when burned while lead and mercury lead to problems in the nervous system, liver and other organs. Exposure happens when boards are disassembled and burned. A megastructure that incorporates residences, access routes, and essential services for the inhabitants, Plug-in City was a direct attack at obsolescence were nothing is permanent and it can be altered or replaced at any moment if needed. Like many other groups that developed during the time, Archigram focused on the present issues and opposed the status quo of architectural and social ideas. Most of the work done by Archigram incorporated technology in daily life. Today that technology is so embedded that it has become an afterthought to many. Our present way of life requires you to be connected to function in society. Why has the city not evolved the same way society has? The ideas of the city following the same process have been set for decades already. The city is designed to develop based on future needs. In the image above, the business aspect of the city was designed with a time frame involved and exploration dates. This idea can be applied to landfills, strategies that mitigate waste, the buildings and infrastructure that manage the waste.

Archigram - Plug-In City - 1964

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Los Angeles county alone has over 500 privately owned facilities that process all types of waste.This process consists of separation and designation for placement into landfills, energy creation, or recycling. These four sites are allocated for a small area of Downtown Los Angeles. Waste pickup vehicles already did some of the job by designating certain ones to pick up only recycling materials. This is then taken into the next step by separating metals, plastics, glass, compostables, and electronic waste. In a way, these companies are hired to do one specific task and work with one type of recycling material. They prepare the material for easier transportation by making large cubes of compressed waste that is then wrapped up and stored for shipment. All waste keeps extending their carbon footprint as its shuffled between sites and transported out of the country. Most of the waste management economy of Los Angeles is privately owned. This means that the city has individual contracts with each business. There is no way of finding out what guidelines are proposed per contract and what exactly are the terms per contract. It is also impossible to know if the city surrenders all ownership to the waste. If this is the case, that means that each business can do whatever they please with the waste if it is not written down in the contract. The value of the waste fluctuates and that may mean that what is not shipped out, is either stored or ends up in a landfill. Now that China has cut all ties with all countries and no longer accepting any imported waste. All of these companies are facing a huge problem. Without a solution to storing or keep the

recycling circle going, most of these companies have begun to move all materials back into landfills or drop it off somewhere else in the globe. Many countries have taken advantage of third world countries as it is harder and harder too keep up with the amounts of waste produced daily.

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Waste Management Construction and Demolition

Los Angeles Waste Disposal

Universal Waste Systems

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Olusosun dump site and a low income community that gathers waste and transforms it into building materials. A seamless connection between usual disconnected programs and types. World economies segregate areas and availability to land in a micro scale. Communities that live off of the waste dumped at Olusosun, scavenge for money or re purpose metals, plastics, and textiles for household items, housing materials, and in the case of the community extending out into the sea, as a raft that becomes a floor slab. A composite of wood and waste becomes an architectural element and vital to the growth of the city as it becomes harder and harder to find land available for housing. Cities around the world are finding similar solutions to the issues that are imposed on areas with high levels of poverty. The image above shows another community that has found that extending into the shore is a great way of staying inside the confines of a city. Cities extending out into the shore as land is overtaken by waste. This builds into small shore porting docks for small communities that will eventually take over the bay area of Lagos. Mapping the growth of the dumping site shows fluctuations of volumes and area every five years. The growth is only continuous on the buildings that were built in order to help mitigate the overflow of waste. Most of the construction happens around a quarter mile radius but it is now starting to grow out of that radius as the land has been completely developed. The inconsistent area of the waste between every 5

years is because every time the landfill was filling up to an unmanageable state, the waste was burned as depicted in the image to the left. Even with all this infrastructure set up around the landfill, it is not enough to control and process the amounts of waste that are delivered daily since 2003. It is also important to note that this study does not reflect the amount of waste that is being imported by other nations. This study only reflects the waste produced by the city. City officials have never been able to implement good methods for the issue, this is something the city has had time to adapt and desensitize to. The uncontrollable burning is also uncontrolled and complaints are not taken seriously. Anything that had been dumped will be burned without thinking about chemical reactions that release toxic fumes. Large amounts of equipment are used to displace the waste daily. Only recently, have city officials spent funds in order to change legislation and reduce the amount of waste laying in public streets and parks. Besides the city government not having the resources to clear the streets, where is this supposed to end up? Olusosun is already having issues processing the waste that is dumped. In the new policy, there is no specific landfill where this waste will end up at. Politically, this system is only a placeholder to make communities believe that change is happening and that city officials care. This is another front that will allow the city to bring in all the illegal waste that is sitting at ports in shipping containers and slowly filling up shipyards. China is in severe danger at the moment to the point of no return. China was the dumping ground and recycling capital for decades. In 2019,

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they stopped accepting all waste from countries that kept violating the contract. The system was rigged, countries would enforce policies that gave incentives to companies that would ship out waste instead of recycling in-house. All the companies that recycled product at home, lost business and had to close. We all think that if its plastic, it can be recycled. This is not the case, as contamination from food, oils, etc, makes plastics useless and better to burn and use for energy. This fake solution pollutes the air but gets rid of the plastic. We all expected that China was just going to sit by and take all the contaminated piles of garbage and recycled materials that everyone kept sending. The market finally collapsed and the world finds itself in a hole, with no clear solution as to what to do with the excess waste. Meanwhile, we all keep filling the recycling bin, cities will just throw it into landfills.

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2018 growth .5 mile radius 2013 growth 2008 growth 2003 growth Landfill parcel

Olusosun Landfill

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Olusosun Landfill

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Shipyards

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Communities

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Communities

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Communities

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Ever since Sant Elia, Many Architects have had an idea of the ideal city. Almost all of it has been paper architecture and each iteration loses some value as they become a disconnect from the main idea that Sant Elia presented. I believe his theory revolved around modernism and an everchanging city that adapts to contemporary needs.

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Downtown Cultural Center Design Studio Spring 2012 Instructor: Eduardo Moreno Team: Andres Gandara

The city proposed a new Artist District for downtown El Paso. The project is located on a steep hill and its purpose is to centralize the artistic potential of the city. The city has planned to demolish part of downtown and the Arts District has to move.

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1st Floor

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2nd Floor

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3rd Floor

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Section

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Perspective Rendering

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El Paso Design Hub Design Studio Spring 2013 Instructor: Robert Rivas Team: Andres Gandara

To bring designers and artists together, the city of El Paso has begun designing a masterplan for the Southern portion of downtown, particularly the historic quarters, a neighborhood of adobe construction and historic landmarks. This particular zone has not been maintained by the city and most of the buildings are falling apart. The Design Hub is supposed to intertwine with the local community and help the area be more active. Part of a masterplan to revitalize downtown. Transparency of information is a necessity for the locals, future visitors and artists. This building serves as the beacon for these communities to join and create. The design was derived from â&#x20AC;&#x153;Transparency: Literal and Phenomenalâ&#x20AC;? by Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky, manages and leverages meanings of transparency. This is then extended to Cubist paintings and rationalizing the end result in Grasshopper for Rhino. This is then translated to plans and facades for the building.

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The Clarinet Player, 1911, by Pablo Picasso

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The Portuguese, 1911, by Georges Braque

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Masterplan

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Affected Area Design Hub Projected Lot Rio Grande River Future Construction

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1st Floor

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2nd Floor

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3rd Floor

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3rd Floor

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Section A

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Section B

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TTU Addition Building Information Management Spring 2014 Instructor: Craig Dixon Team: Andres Gandara

The course introduces students to Revit. The students are tasked with floor plan, elevation, section and detail drawings for a proposed addition to the Texas Tech University Union Depot building. The model is supplied as a blank canvas and students have to set up a central file, wall types, and entry level construction documents.

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39' - 11 11/16"

32' - 4 7/16"

H 25' - 4"

18' - 0 1/2"

24' - 9 1/2"

4 F-102 1351 SF

F-103 906 SF

F104 362 SF

95' - 2"

85' - 0"

89' - 4"

A-303

F-100 5103 SF

B-100 8626 SF

F-101 485 SF

100' - 8"

1 A-301

Addition

1st Floor Plan

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101' - 2 23/32"

N 18 A-106 805 SF

A105 1275 SF

14 80' - 2 5/16"

101' - 6"

141' - 2 1/8"

20 22 A-104 210 SF

A-100 9969 SF

39' - 8 1/8"

Q A-101 794 SF

A-102 819 SF

223' - 1 3/8"

Existing Building

19 23

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101' - 0 3/16"

13' - 3 7/16"

24' - 0"

4 G-201 2447 SF

G-200 2298 SF

G-204 426 SF

81' - 5 1/2"

18' - 0 1/2" 16' - 11"

G-203 419 SF

G-202 2424 SF

7 21' - 2 3/4"

19' - 8 13/16"

20' - 3 1/32"

19' - 11 3/4"

100' - 11 11/32"

1 A-301

Addition

2nd Floor Plan

1 A-303

26' - 11 3/4"

86' - 7 1/4"

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N 18

C-200 418 SF

C-201 212 SF

C-202 292 SF

C-203 191 SF

C-204 80 SF

C-205 347 SF

14 C-206 133 SF C-207 168 SF

C-208 237 SF

C-221 292 SF

C-209 269 SF

C-220 289 SF

C-211 173 SF C-212 142 SF

C-216 233 SF

C-215 270 SF

Existing Building

C-210 228 SF

C-218 217 SF

C-217 608 SF

OPEN AREA 5746 SF

C-219 181 SF

122' - 2 1/8"

C-222 292 SF

C-214 288 SF

C-213 373 SF

19 23

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32' - 4 7/16"

18' - 0 1/2"

25' - 4"

24' - 9 1/2"

F-102 1351 SF

F-103 906 SF

F104 362 SF

1 A-303

85' - 0"

89' - 4"

A-302

F-100 5103 SF

F-101 485 SF

10 100' - 8"

1 A-301

Area F

Addition

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18' - 3 1/2"

32' - 2"

25' - 1"

25' - 4"

G-201 2447 SF

G-203 419 SF

1 A-303

2 1 81' - 5 1/2"

A-302

86' - 7 1/4"

G-200 2298 SF

G-204 426 SF

G-202 2424 SF

21' - 2 3/4"

19' - 8 13/16"

20' - 3 1/32"

1 A-301

Area G

19' - 11 3/4"

19' - 9 3/32"

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2' - 8 1/2" 0' - 6 1/2"

21' - 6 3/4"

35' - 11" 24' - 4 1/2"

1' - 6" 21' - 9 3/4"

34' - 3"

A-302

A-303

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25' - 0"

451 7' - 0"

47 0' - 5"

21' - 3"

412

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412 412

414 22' - 9 3/4"

7' - 5 5/8"

1' - 6" 7' - 10 5/8"

7' - 5 5/8"

Elevation

Addition

38' - 4 3/8"

2' - 9 1/4"

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7' - 0"

4' - 0 1/4" 15' - 0"

15' - 0"

48 87' - 3"

451

13' - 6"

1 A-301

0' - 3"

2' - 0"

7' - 0"

451

314

1' - 0"

21' - 0"

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314

19' - 0"

412

15' - 4"

0' - 5"

9' - 5 1/2"

0' - 10 1/2"

23' - 9 1/2"

0' - 8"

18' - 0 1/2"

Elevation

0' - 8"

30' - 11 1/2"

0' - 8"

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35' - 11"

A-303

A-302 15' - 5 1/2"

1' - 10 1/2"

26' - 3 3/4"

15' - 5 1/2"

5' - 0"

43' - 0 1/4"

15' - 2 3/4"

19' - 8" 0' - 4"

19' - 0"

0' - 4"

21' - 0"

15' - 2 3/4"

0' - 3"

1' - 9"

1' - 0"

25' - 11 1/4"

24' - 4 1/2"

15' - 5 1/2"

7' - 4 3/4"

7' - 0 1/8"

6' - 9 7/8"

30' - 0"

41' - 0 1/2"

Elevation

Addition

6' - 9 7/8"

6' - 8 5/8"

18' - 3 1/2"

1' - 7 1/4"

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Elevation

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A-302

A-303

-----

1 A-400

1 A-401

G-200 2298 SF

G-202 2424 SF

F-100 5103 SF

F-102 1351 SF

Section A-301

Addition

G-201 2447 SF

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G 4 A-500

1 A-301

G-200 2298 SF

2 A-400

G-203 419 SF

F-100 5103 SF

Section A-302

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---

Metal Roofing

Batt Insulation

Level 3 39' - 0"

15' - 0 1/2"

Aluminum Mullion

3 A-500

Metal Decking

Rebar

3' - 0"

---

Level 2 20' - 0"

Concrete

Level 3 39' - 0"

Glass Pane

Gyp Board

---

Batt Insulation

Level 2 20' - 0"

Section A-301 Callout 1

Addition

Level 1 0' - 0"

Compacted Soil

Section A-302 Callout 2

359 Metal Roofing

Level 3 39' - 0" Concrete Wall

7 ---

0' - 8"

Level 2 20' - 0"

3' - 8"

0' - 4"

Level 2 20' - 0"

Concrete

Storefront

Rail

Wood

6' - 9"

Opening

3' - 11 1/4"

15' - 0"

3' - 6 7/8"

Coffee Shop Wall

4' - 5 7/8"

Rebar

#10 Rebar

Level 1 0' - 0"

0' - 4"

Typical Concrete Footer

1' - 4" 1' - 0"

Level 1 0' - 0"

Footer

2 A-500

Section A-303 Callout 3

0' - 11 3/4"

Section A-301 Callout 4

0' - 7 3/8"

Coffee Shop Wall

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0' - 9 1/4"

5/8" Glass

Aluminum Window Sill

0' - 3 1/2"

Brick

3/8" Gyp Board 1" Grout Ceramic Louvre 3/8" Plaster

0' - 3 1/2"

0' - 0 7/8"

0' - 7"

8" CMU Horizon Bars

Concrete 0' - 0 5/8"

Metal Decking

0' - 1 1/4"

5' - 7"

Wood Column

Section A-302 Detail 4

Addition

0' - 7 1/8" 0' - 3 3/4"

1' - 0 1/2"

Callout 2 Detail 3

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3' - 0" 1' - 0"

1' - 0"

Pre cast concrete column

Cast in place 4" concrete floor #9 steel rebar

0' - 8"

Level 1 0' - 0"

3' - 0"

Sand

1' - 0"

Typical Concrete footer

Callout 3 Detail 2

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Acclimate Housing Design Studio Spring 2016 Instructor: Ersela Kripa Team: Andres Gandara

Acclimate Housing in an attempt to deal with climate issues. More specifically, issues related to changes in landscapes that create extreme climates that are deserted from common life forms. The course encompasses the city of Medellin, Colombia as a perfect scenario to study a unique climate that may disappear. What are the decisions that an architect has to make in order to reduce the carbon footprint of a building throughout its lifespan. How do priorities shift for humankind when our present construction methods are massively impacting the world? The course tries to examine climate and use design to exploit climate opportunities. My design uses wind patterns to circulate air into each unit. Climate in Medellin is very comfortable, and changes in topography allow for wind speeds that can actually replace air conditioning systems. The design of each unit becomes an important second to a system of air contraptions that create positive and negative pressures to extract, heat, and cool spaces.

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SALENTO

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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA PUERTO BELLO

SIN INFORMACION

PEDREGAL

GIRARDOT

POPULAR

VILLA NIZA

BELALCAZAR

LEGEND

VILLA DEL SOCORRO

EARTHQUAKES VEGETATION PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE LA ESPERANZA SANTA CRUZ 1500mm - 2000mm 0-5ft Grassy Areas and Shurbs TRICENTENARIO 20,1°C to 21°C 5-10ft Tall Shurbs and Trees 19,1°C to 20°C 15+ft Tropical Forest Trees CASTILLA 18,1°C to 19°C 17,1°C to 18°C Medellin River 16,1°C to 17°C 15,1°C to 16°C KENNEDY HURRICANE SEASON Rainfall in Medellin, Colombia 2.4 in 3 in 4.7 in 6.4 in 7.8 in 5.8 in 4.7 in 6.1 in 6.8 in 8.7 in 5.9 in 3.5 in

Number of events registered in recent years

Days 12 13 17 21 24 18 16 20 22 25 21 15

SHADOW

GRANIZAL

Sun Rise MOSCU NO 1

27.5 25

22.5 20

17.5 15

12.5

Number of Earthquakes

Months January February March April May June July August September October November December

Sun Set

7.5

Average Monthly Rainy Days over the year

MOSCU

ALDEA PABLO VI

2.5

days

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Years

Jan

WIND

Feb Mar Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Average Monthly Precipitation over the year

August - November

PALERMO

SAN ISIDRO

Direction

SAN PABLO

8 7 6 5 4 3

BERLIN OLEODUCTO

2 1 0

Jan

Feb Mar Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

ALFONSO LOPEZ MORAVIA

Medellin Climate Analysis

LA SALLE

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LA CAMILA

LA AVANZADA

7342’ Highest Point from Sea Level

0.049697 miles 2624 ft. CARPINELO

MARIA CANO-CARAMBOLAS

3.27 miles 17265.6 ft. 4718’ Lowest Point from Sea Level

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Medellin, Colombia

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Airflow Testing

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Airflow Testing

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Typical 2 Bedroom Floor Plan

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Typical 1 Bedroom Floor Plan

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Section

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Section

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Floor

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Floor

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Airflow Section

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Section

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Section

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Acclimate Housing Hacking a car battery to power a machine that makes white smoke from baby oil, and an air compressor, I was able to demonstrate to the jury that the air chambers perform as intended.

Unit Testing

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that makes mpressor, I was chambers

Unit Testing