NEW DATUM
PROJECT FOR THE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
Work by Andrew Dadds With Elia Zenghelis Critic: Andrew Benner TF: Ioanna Angelidou Fall 2015 Advanced Studio Yale School of Architecture
Designed & Published by Andrew Dadds
4
5
6
7
8
9
PRECEDENT MANIFESTO BATHS OF CARACALLA IN(TRO)VERTED
PARADIGM OF RITUAL & PLEASURE
10
A-Calidarium B-Nymphaeum C-Great Hall (Tepidarium) D-Frigidarium (Swimming Pool) E-Courts G-Palaestra H-Lecture Halls I-Vestibules L-Dressing Rooms N-Steam Baths Q-Lounges S-Gymnasia T-Study Rooms V-Nymphaea
11
EXTRACTION AND TRANSFORMATION
12
Extracted Enfilade of Contradiction (Top) Enfilade Extruded (Bottom)
13
VISUAL SCANDAL BY TSUNEHISA KIMURA
14
15
EMBLEMATIC IMAGE The extracted paradigm of the Baths of Caracalla is one of a complex layering of interior and exterior, sensual experiences and transformations of scale combined together in an enfilade of mixing the natural and the artificial. The second part of the extraction separates and condenses; experiences of hot/cold, politics/reverie, debate/nudity, and strength/relation become concentrated by a compact layering that both hides and reveals worldly pleasures. The Emblematic Image turns the extracted paradigm in on itself. A vast spherical space embracing contradiction. Experiences and natural elements pour forth from all directions, concentrating themselves at the edges of an immense, foreboding void. The image is a collection of disparate experiences, happening simultaneously behind the scenes and in the spotlight. In this mixing chamber, social stratification becomes exposed through its immediate adjacency. Emperors mix with thieves in a space of no escape. Masked from the city, an inward looking building, whose exteriority becomes inverted, a mask flipped inside out. The outside is on the inside and the inside is on the outside, a two sided mirror to society and its stratifications. Emblematic Image: Watercolour, Digital Print, Collage.
16
17
URBAN RESPONSE
REGULATING LINES / DENSITY / NEW DATUM
POLYKATOIKIA The 1950’s in Greece saw rapid socio-economic changes and urbanization, under such urgency that there was no time for theory or planning. The system of “Antiparochi” was introduced, a system of urban metamorphosis whereby small houses and landowners were given a percentage of a new, contractor driven development on their land. This gave rise to the Polykatoikia typology, which invaded the countryside and threatened “Greek-ness” in architecture. The small-scaled Greek city multiplied in scale from two to five plus stories in the form of the Polykatoikia. What fulfilled a need for density and modern living conditions soon proliferated into an ever-expanding datum, dissolving architectural hierarchy in the city. Thessaloniki was not immune, and today a relentless datum of the Polykatoikia housing type extends into an endless horizon as seen from the Helexpo site.
18
19
POLYKATOIKIA & PUBLIC SPACE The Polykatoikia forms walls around streets and urban voids, which are almost exclusively archaeological sites. Thessaloniki offers little park space in the center of the city due to Polykatoikia’s rampant development. Public space is secondary to the full extent of private lot development.
20
21
POLYKATOIKIA & PUBLIC SPACE Background image: John Baldessari
22
23
24
25
Helexpo site during the 1960’s.
POLYKATOIKIA & PUBLIC SPACE The current Helexpo site in Thessaloniki presents a large void to the city, which breaks the Polykatoikia’s datum on both sides. The result is a form a bit like the body of a butterfly, whose long straight streets and Polykatoikia type form wings from two different axis of the city coming together. Although congested by many Expo buildings, currently in states of disrepair and disuse, our studio saw potential in the saving of key sites and the tabula rasa potential of removing others. The site then becomes open for density, cultural buildings, and a public park as a gift to the city and space. With transit systems re-routed through an already proposed tunnel, and street traffic concentrated along the Egnatia North of the site, the potential for the existing streets to be pedestrianized becomes possible The site’s strategy relies on our introduction of regulating lines to find order in the ad hoc and archipelago like site condition. The primary lines come in the form of a partially completed axis in Ernest Hebrard’s post 1917 Great fire of Thessaloniki plan, which we propose to strengthen as a connection from waterfront to green space to the North of Aristotle University. The second main North/South axis is in the form of the September the 3rd street, which takes on a gentle curvature in order to work around an existing city hall. 26
1. 2.
Regulating Lines: 1: Hebrard 2. 3rd September 3.
27
28
29
COLLECTIVE SITE PLAN
30
31
RADIAL ARRAY The new park space runs from the waterfront to the Egnatia which separates the University from the Park. As a means of framing the park, housing and dormitories hold the edge of the Egnatia and provide a new link between the park and the University. The regulating line for this edge comes in the form of another gentle arc, stemming from the Statue of Alexander the Great. Through diagramming this has been discovered as the center of a modernist radial Expo building along the Egnatia on site. The arc forms the edge of the park not as a wall, but as a porous colonnade, open to views to and from the University. Slab buildings orient themselves according to the radius of the circle, perpendicular to the Egnatia to foster communal park and amenity space between them. This minimizes overlooking a busy street and a second set of view lines are traced from the opening in the Bay back to the buildings to orient faรงade extrusions to provide views for those buildings which are perpendicular to the view. A regular spacing is determined by density requirements, to house approximately 2200 people of varying social and economic dispositions, as well as providing a grand public condenser for the students and public, and supporting amenities.
32
33
VIEW LINES AND CENTER
34
35
Existing Helexpo buildings to be retained and reprogrammed.
GROUND The space between the buildings is used for access, gardens, and commercial spaces. Following an algorithm of height, exterior ground level spaces closest to the metro stop form public plazas with commercial activities. An existing Basketball court is re-purposed to provide a house for the student population, a public condenser similar to the studied paradigm, a house for the body and politics. The densest towers share a common plinth from a 1960’s modernist building with accommodations for gymnasium and study. The student house extends outwards and infiltrates two buildings, as an immense public promenade. Underground linkages to key University buildings, the Library, the Polytechnique, and the proposed Metro stop, enliven public space and connect the larger population to the park, restoring the connection severed by the Egnatia.
36
37
MASSING AND GROUND SURFACES Pink: University Amenities 1. Student House for Body & Politics 2: Study & Sports Orange: Commercial & Plazas Green: Garden * Bosque Extensions from Park
38
2.
1.
39
DENSITY
40
SIZE: 102075sf Ground Floor (pink) x13avg Stories = 1410995sf
1410995 x 70% Efficiency = 987700sf
790160sf / 350sf = 2250 Rooms
987700sf x 20% Communal = 197500sf
Site: 544,000 sf = 12.5 acre Density: 180 p/acre
Manhattan London Berlin Athens Moscow Thessaloniki
Lichterfelde, 4th Ring Project Hochhaus am Landtag Wohndebauung Kathener Strabe
Lafayette Park (scheme 1) Lafayette Park (scheme 2) Court House
Vondelpark
0
50
100
Population Density (persons / acre)
41
150
200
250
site
RELENTLESS DATUM
42
43
EXTENDING THE DATUM The heights vary according to type of unit, and are grouped into five sets. 1. The densest & highest areas flank the Hebrard axis and use tightly packed dormitories and studio units for students and young professionals. Units have their own bathroom, bed, and study area. 2. Dormitories and small studios incorporate their own kitchen millwork into a multipurpose wall, clothing, study, eating, cooking, are combined. A variation on 2, including larger units and skip stop multi bedroomed units. 3. Larger studios with balconies 4. One, two, and three bedroom units with large terraces, double height and skip stop units occur sporadically throughout. 5. An alternative to a row house, the lowest of the five, luxurious units for communes and family arrangements with large semi private terraces. Suburbia, only stacked.
44
45
TYPOLOGIES INCLUSIVE SWEEP
TYPES Elevator cores react accordingly to the changes in type, many small cores serving fewer units gradients towards large, consolidated cores serving entire floors. The cores are placed in excess so as to allow for access to skip-stop units, and those corridors which become externalized as large communal terraces which puncture the buildings massing. There is a reciprocity between height and footprint, and public amenities in the buildings: the higher the building, the smaller the slab length, and the most amount of communal space exists to foster social interaction and sense of community. The lower the height, the longer the building becomes, units become large and luxurious, stacked houses with semiprivate terraces, the least amount of shared space. The ideal elevational regulating line for this algorithm is the circle. Gradual inclusive sweep, in the form of a mountain, facing mount Olympus.
46
47
48
49
Dormitory/temporary housing/ studios 50
51
Large bedrooms
52
53
TYPOLOGICAL VARIATION
54
House/live work
55
56
57
PUBLIC CONDENSER PARADIGM OPENED
58
59
60
61
TWO VOIDS
62
63
64
65
66
67
4
3
2
Typical Plan of Typological Array
68
1. Student House “Body & Politics” 2. Sport Field Promenade 3. Plinth “Study & Exercise” 4. Semi Enclosed Plazas
1
69
PROVOCATION Public and green space is in crisis in Thessaloniki. The premise of the studio aims to densify the center, consolidating the borders of the city while gifting the city with public park space. Whilst this project doesn’t claim to provide a solution to this problem, it does seek to ask provocative questions. Can the center of Helexpo decongest itself of desolate buildings and bring a new urban park to the city while simultaneously providing mass housing to residents and dormitories for nearby Aristotle University of Thessaloniki? Can the prototypical separation of housing types, dormitories, single family, studio, one and two bedrooms be combined and benefit from one another presence? Can eclectic financial and social demographics exist inside of a coherent and architecturally unified environment? The project tests ambitious design merged with contextual specificity; engaging with “Greekness� as a history of the expression of democratic design. The Polykatoikia is met with a provocative extension of its typology.
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
Elia Zenghelis Fall 2015 Advanced Studio Yale School of Architecture Critic: Andrew Benner TF: Ioanna Angelidou Andrew Dadds Dorian Booth Jessica Angel Charles Kane Andy Sternad Adil Mansure Daphne Binder Jared Abraham Seokim Min Kristin Nothwehr