Andrew Torero Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture 2014-2016
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Porous City: The Grid The first step in desgining our new city was creating a new grid system. to do this we choose key ideas that had to be conveyed by the grid. The concepts where mixed use, layering and organicity. Partners: Anthony Toma, Carme Azor, Byron Williams, Armani Valdez, Sarah Othman, Ann Bui, Taslima Mahmood, Dylan Harm, Suzanne Borderies, Roz Kagan, Alexandra Bilinski, Amhara Hernandez and Kevin Sarsfield
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S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City
The key concept that came throught during our first round of brainstorming was the idea of a layered city. Out city would not exist only on the ground level, we would have activity both below and above the ground.
Sketches by Alex Bilinski
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 S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City
The plan of the city reflects the way we felt it was organized, a collage. The city is a conglomeration of all of the different cultures and each section is defined by the people within it. We felt that the Commisioner's Plan did not serve this aspect of the city.
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Porous City: The Fractal System After the group decided on key rules and concepts we split into seven teams. Each team choose an area and created a grid and a set of zoning rules to guide there city. These individual grids where then combined to make our porous city. Partner: Amhara Hernandez
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S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
Roman Road Map
Chicago Street Plan
New York City Overhead Train Station
Colonial Savannah City Plan
United States Wind Map
The Evolution of Zoning & Regulations in New York City
1760-1840
1901
1916
1930
1938
1961
The Industrial Revolution was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. While industrialization aided in the development of cities, it also resulted in often grim employment and living conditions for the poor and working classes.
New York State Tenement House Act of 1901 struction of dark, poorly ventilated tenement buildings in the state of New York.
The New York City 1916 Zoning Resolution was a measure adopted primarily to stop massive buildings such from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below.
Along with amazing technological advances, the Industrial Revolution of the mid-19th centuryintroduced new sources of air and water pollution.
The City Planning Commission was established in 1938 and was put in charge of planning the orderly growth of the city, as well as distributing resources for housing, business, industry, transportation, recreation, culture, comfort, convenience, health and welfare of its population.
The 1961 Zoning Resolution introduced many new changes including the idea of incentive zoning. The concept involves rewarding developers of tall buildings to incorporate public plazas into their projects with the permission to increase the height of the building.
New York City Row Houses
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The Fractal System
Grid System
Existing Conditions
Land Uses
Existing Roads
Existing Roads
Existing Roads
Existing Homes
New Grid System
New Grid System
Existing Homes
Existing Homes Industrial
Infrastructural Growth A
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Infrastructural Growth B
Existing Roads
Existing Roads
New Grid System
New Grid System
Existing Homes
Existing Homes
Argricultural/Renewable Energy
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
Progression through time
Infrastructural Growth C Existing Roads New Grid System Existing Homes
Nodes of Interest
Transit Network
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S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
Industrial Agricultural Existing Homes Nautical Paths New Roads Old Roads
1/300”=1’
The system my group implamented was a square grid. We made the grid larger then the current plan of the city to allow smaller roads to be built. This would allow the land owners to develope their area more specifically and gave the area its individuality.
1/256"-1' Site Model
These major roads must be built orthagonal to the grid to help give the city continuity. The buildings themesleve can be whatever shape and must be seperated by atleast 10 ft. This created non-orthagonal paths on a smaller scale.
1/128"-1' Site Model
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Guidelines of a mixed use city
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The above ground conditions where directly connected to the size of the buildings. The large the building the more connections it would need to the adjacent strucutres. Also if there was a green pathway going through the lot it would need to continue though the structure. Its elevation can change and can function as the required above ground passageway. This creates interesting above ground condition.
1/32"=1' Sectional Model
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1/32"=1' Sectional Model and Circulation
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
Porous City: Designing in the New City In this exercise we designed a possible structure that would fit into our developed area's building envelopes. The design has to not only fall within the physical restrctions but must also convey the idea of mixed use within our pourous city. Partner: Amhara Hernandez
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1/16"=1' Enevelope Models
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
1/16"=1' Enevelope Models
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
Mixed use was implamented into our design by creating a strucutre that had the private area's embedded in the public. They are seperated but the points at which they meet are blurred. The threshold between the spaces in minimalized to help encourage more circulation through the building.
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The center of the builidng is the location of the above ground path and that created a second ground condition. This is where another entry for the buidling is located and allows access to the higher points of the structure.
1/16"=1' Circulation Model
1/8"=1' Model Plan View
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
The bottom half of the structure has an atrium that allows light to filter in from an open wall in the middle of the northern facade. This void space is then inverted on the upper half of the structure and becomes the private space.
1/8"=1' Model
1/8"=1' Model
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1/8"=1' Model
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
The center of the strucutre is the location of a greenhouse that is an ascept of the public bath merging with the private balconies. Creating a secondary ground condition and give a destintion above ground that is open to the public.
1/8"=1' Model Greenhouse
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Laurentian Library: Case Study For the Laurentian Library we looked at the geomerty of the structure and the three-dimensional grid it created. Also how it's composition was effected by the use of the space. Partner: Estefano Torres
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S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Case Study
The floorplan mirrored the ceiling plan and was connected by the pilasters that seperated each bay of benches. This seperation seperated each bay into it's own cube. It also created a pattern that when viewed from the end of the hall created a matrix along the entire room.
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S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Case Study
The benches served as the only medium of getting books becasue th reading material was chained to them. This led to the benches being placed next to the windows and making them into part of the prepetative pattern. They are directly connected to the grid on the walls.
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1/4"=1' Matrix Model
S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Case Study
The model to the left is of the grid created by the ornimentation isolated. It shows that the two main sections (the vestibule and the reading room) are connected through the grid even though the designs are very different.
1/4"=1' Matrix Model
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S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Case Study
Even the ornamentation had a system of geometry that was related to the overal grid of the library. This created a structure that on every scale followed the same system.
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1/2"=1' Sliver Section Model
S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Case Study
Site model of intersecting grids 
Laurentian Library: Analysis For my analysis I focused on the geometry of the exterior of the library and how it connected to that of the basilica. A drawing showing the geometries was created that showed the density created by the intersections. This led to the creation of a model that shows the possible condition created if these two densities where to be place opposite eachother.
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S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Analysis
 Laurentian facade density model
S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Analysis
Basilica facade density model
Basilica facade density model sectional view
S4 Prof. Tsafoulia | Pourous City: Designing in the New Cityw/ Amhara Hernandez
This void is the porduct of both structures and shows the contrasting moments of density between the two conditions. This model resides in the negative space and is not meant to be a strucutre. It is an abstract form that can exist in any scale and in any location.
Basilica facade density model interior
Basilica facade density model interior
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Pavillion: Library and the Body Our assignment was to create a pavillion that represented the interaction between the human body and the library. This led me to create a strucutre that was connected to how we look at the library.
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S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Pavillion
The pavilion I created was based on lines of sight. It was made by the intersections of cones of visons created by possible locations people would approach the pavilion. This led to a structure that gave the view a view of only a specific amount of books. This meant the occupant had to circulate around the structure and within to see all of the books. This is similar to how normal libraries function expect this plan is not linear and flows more naturally.
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Pavilion interior sectional view
S3 Prof. BagChee | Laurentian Library: Pavillion
Pavillion interioir view
The Parrish: Vehicle I created a vehicle that was inspired by Carlo Mollino's Bisiluro which was one of the first aerodynamic race cars. My vehicle would follow a similar shape but would function as a moving art studio that would curate art from citizens around NY that would then be displayed in the Parrish Art Museum.
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S2 Prof. Judelson | Parrish: Vehicle
Clading of the vehicle
S2 Prof. Judelson | Parrish: Vehicle
Frame of the vehicle
The Parrish: Case Study The Parrish Art Museum was designed by Hertzog and de Mueron. It has a very simple design and is focused more on materials then it is on the shape of the structure. It also optomizes the northern lighting to give the art the same lighting the artists used to create the works.
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S2 Prof. Judelson | Parrish: Case Study
The museum is very low and is hard to see from a distance. It can be confused for a barn and is not noticed until the occuppant is right ontop of it. This created an experience and makes it somewhat of a mystery.
1/64"=1' Site Model
1/64"=1' Site Model
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S2 Prof. Judelson | Parrish: Case Study
S2 Prof. Judelson | Parrish: Case Study
I decided to make an analysis that took the geometries created by the intersecting shadows of the main windows and made those shapes into forms. This became a piece of sculpture that could be in any scale and which exagerated the focus of the lighting within this building.
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Thomas Schutte: One Man House The One Man House was meant as a project that was five diffrent combinations of simple shapes to create houses that could house one man. Each one was meant for a diffrent type of man. On could house a man that wants to be alone and another could be for a man that wants company.
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S1 Prof. Terragni | One Man House: Case Study
My model was a direct copy of the ones created by Schutte except for one addition. I installed functioning light fixtures which when one created a more believeable living space. It is a very pragmatic addition but it gives the model a scale and shows what the model would look like at night when someone lives in it.
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Where Do These Go? This is where I am putting the smaller projects that do not really fit into the rest of the portfolio. They are from diffrent semesters and are only one spread each. Even though these are smaller projects I feel like they say a lot about how I think and what I consider arhcitecture to be.
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After the Ernst project I created my own story with the same set of animals. I made a projected image instead of maing a room that bent around the image. The image itself would bend to fit in the room.
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The model to the left was my first model. It is the room I imaged to be illusrated in the Master's Bedroom by Ernst.
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The final set of model for first semster was a simple task. Make multiple models that distort light. I wanted to make light more physical so i created a serious of models that either diffused light or made it more dense. These where the two most sucessfull.
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This model was for a proposed artist study next to the Parrish Art Museum. It would lay within the topography adn would be just as hidden as the museum. The walls would have hidden pathways that could be retracted to add more work space or to creat a multi-floor gallery space.
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