Creative Collectives, collaborate with the Scottish Government. by Andy Xiao

Service Design Group 4 2014/2015

CONTENTS

04 06 07

10 11

Hear

22 24 27 28

Team Introduction

Framing the Brief

Research Questions and Stakeholders

Methodology

Desk Research

Introducing GRA

Manifesto

Identify

Sharing Communities

Designer as Facilitator

create

34 36 Prototypes

Committee Workshop

deliver

44 47 57 62

66 67

Oor Hame

Acknowledgements

The tools

Bibliography

Website

System Map

THE TEAM

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Catherine Farrar Scotland

Yue Liu China

Martyna Janicka Poland

Andy Xiao China

Susana Santos Portugal

METHODOLOGY

MANIFESTO

Does your residential neighbourhood lack a sense of community spirit? Living in a friendly, social environment where you feel comfortable is far healthier than living â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;aloneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Help your neighbours and they can help you. Oor Hame provides a series of tool kits which encourage sharing economy. This toolkit is aimed to connect residents of a neighbourhood,form a strong successful committee, then share knowledge and experiences openly with other committees countrywide.

Identify

FRAMING THE BRIEF

Research aim

The aim of our project is to facilitate a community based creative collective, empowering people with the opportunity to share and collaborate in a sustainable way in areas of common interest, which are of value to society. In order to achieve this we need to identify particular assets within a community space/place/population/culture, and also become aware of people who are willing and actively want to be involved in helping others.

DESK RESEARCH

Social enterprises are businesses that trade to tackle social problems, improve communities, peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life chances, or the environment. They make their money from selling goods and services in the open market, but they reinvest their profits back into the business or the local community. A social enterprise is a business that has both social and commercial goals. What makes it different from other enterprises is that it places a firm emphasis on tackling social problems. This positive impact is as important to its business objective as any financial bottom line.

“

Why do we spend so much time teaching kids how to share their toys nicely, when for adults sharing becomes a loaded concept?

”

- Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, “What’s mine is yours” 12

SHARING

What brings people together? We asked ourselves same question during this project. This issue came up also in our talk with Cristina Garriga from MyBookcase (book exchange platform). She was very calm throughout all our conversation, but when we ask her why, as adult we teach kids to share when we do not do that ourselves, she become a bit irritated and said that it is not about that! She told us that it is natural to share and first, and that we teach kids about ownership, which is something that should never happen! Similar point of view is presented by Tomasello in his book “Why we cooperate”. He argues in it that empathy and cooperative behaviours are not learned by kids from adults, or done out of expectation of reward. Children are sociable by nature, however by the age of three, children start to adhere to “social norms” shaped by culture. Even though it is hard to disagree, for some reason the culture IS shaped this way. Obviously, we can try to change it, but we need to have in mind that those changes take time. We can try to retain our childhood knowledge or even try not to teach kids about ownership, but for now we live in society which is already structured in some way. Therefore, at this point, questions about deciding about the needs of others rise up again. In terms of sharing, with needs come also obligations. “Questions about human need are questions about human obligations. To ask what our needs are is to ask not just which of our desires are strongest and most urgent, but which of our desires give us an entitlement to the resources of others. This natural pairing of the idea of need with the idea of duty and obligation is what distinguish need from desire”. (“The needs of strangers”) Does everyone need to want to share? Are they obliged to participate? As a team we believe that a sharing economy is the future, we do not believe in design as a way of making people do something. It is about making them more conscious, creating opportunities and choices to change their reality. Therefore, in our project we aim to create more of an opportunity than a necessity. 13

What is Sharing Economy? “The reinvention of traditional market behaviors such as bartering, renting, trading, exchanging through technology, enabling them to take place on scale and in ways never possible before.” = collaborative consumption -Roo Rogers, “What’s mine is yours”

Case studies Online sharing platforms are successful and work because most of them offer a cheaper, more convenient option, which is easy to access and involves a social experience. Sharing allows access to assets.

We seek help from people from further afield by using these online platform as its classed as easy access, but why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t we seek help from those living next door, Surely this act could be effortless? 15

What does community mean? After much thought and deliberation we concluded that a community is a social assembly, which varies in scale and shares common values. The main â&#x20AC;&#x153;elementsâ&#x20AC;? of a community are people and assets.

Glasgow’s history of tenement Here in Glasgow socialising was particularly popular in tenement blocks. the traditional red sandstone social housing built in the 19th century. We feel it would be a great idea to bring back this sense of community and tradition of sharing across this traditional structure.

“An Englishman’s home may be his castle but a Scotsman’s hame is his close. Well, at least in Glasgow it was.”

“Nana says the neighbours in the close were always there if you needed something. If Nana is anything to go by, conversation became an art form.”

-http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/glasgowandwestscotland/hi/people_and_places/hist ory/newsid_8336000/8336787.stm

TITULO AQUI

Hear

Quando iisque atomorum nec at, ferri tantas altera mei no. Te quo nullam apeirian argumentum. Justo omnesque ex per. Has ad luptatum assueverit. In quo conceptam ullamcorper. Nam quaestio corrumpit ad. Mel causae melius ullamcorper an, tale constituam ex vix, erat lobortis platonem ei mel. Nam erat choro ceteros ne, vix et atqui euripidis. Mei et tollit saperet disputando. No sint dolor definitiones cum, docendi concludaturque ne per. Duo ponderum tractatos concludaturque id. Ei soluta mollis impedit est, eum mundi invidunt percipitur cu. Tractatos accommodare eam in, ad mei verear feugiat platonem. Te consul appetere perpetua per, ne melius feugiat usu. Ea errem doming partiendo has, eos regione eruditi electram at. Cu nostrum appareat luptatum vis, libris sensibus sea cu, in doctus option repudiare eos. Te mutat nostrum definiebas mea. Usu no mediocrem corrumpit, ut vix porro consul commune, ex causae doctus mei. Per pertinax urbanitas eu, ei his tale diam postulant. Usu ex delenit scribentur, cu munere quaeque iudicabit nec, te mei case dicit tantas.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research questions were developed to further our understanding of the core concept, these initiated further thought and allowed us to identify who would be able to help us produce a sustainable working outcome.

- What brings people together? - What makes people stay together? - What is a community and what does community mean to you? - How are you part of a community? - How can relationships between the individual and the community be sustainable?

STAKEHOLDERS

With â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; being a neighbourhood, first and foremost our most valuable stakeholders would be the people who live there. In addition we selected a committee to learn from and coordinate our prototyping around, then finally organisations who are currently creating a sharing economy.

INTRODUCING GRA Garrioch Residents Association The Garrioch Residential area is based in quadrangle of traditional tenement flats situated in the Maryhill area of Glasgow. Like many traditional tenement blocks the Garrioch area is home to a communal garden space in its backcourt. From 1970â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residents there have come together as a community to maintain their communal space. The Garrioch Residents Association (GRA) is an active working committee who try to capture the essence of community spirit across their residents. They organise many events and take part in various initiatives to better the living experience for all residents in this area, they are a great example of sustainable and active community. We got in touch with them to learn about their approaches, motivations and future aspirations.

Interviews As we were fortunate enough to have GRA committee on board, we were able to use their residential area as framework. To begin with we started our field research by conducting interviews with two of the committee members - Keira Anderson and John-Paul Sumner. Both of them were interested in the idea of sharing and creating more of a social connection amongst the residents.

During our discussion Keira highlighted an important issue which challenged us throughout this project- community doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t necessarily mean friendship. Interaction between residents cannot be forced. We also needed to consider how to integrate participation in community life with the day to day activities of individual residents. John-Paul on the other hand mentioned that what usually brings people together are the common problems. The most important aspect we identified during our interviews was that in order for a community to work there is a need for a number of people who are driven and passionate enough to take leadership. 25

Resident Personas After our talk with the committee members, we got a better understanding of the people that lived in GRA, so we developed Personas to better represent those residents.

THE ELDERLY COUPLE

Aileen McCaig Hugh McCaig

THE FAMILY

Rose Norris David Noris Gavin Norris

THE SINGLE MAN

Alan Scott

Retired

Teacher & Designer

Office Clerk

Aileen and Hugh moved in to one of the Garrioch flats 32 years ago, when they got married. They’ve been living there since then. They never had any children, so they only have each other. They know some of their neighbours by name, but they aren’t even aware of who most of them are or where they live. They don’t get along with technology: neither of their jobs asked for an interaction with a computer or internet, so they never got to learn to use it. Because of that, they don’t have internet at home.

Rose and David moved in 2 months ago, after their little boy, Gavin, was born. Rose is still home taking care of the baby, but she’ll have to return to work soon. David spends his day working at a Design Studio. He’s also a freelancer designer, meaning that some days he has to work really late at nights, in order to finnish his projects. They don’t know any of their neighbours.

Alan moved in 15 years ago. He lives on his own. He knows the majority of his neighbours who live on his close, but he doesn’t know much about the rest of the people who live in the quadrant. He is involved in some of the community activities and likes to spend time in the garden. He is a social guy who is keen on knowing more people.

SHARING COMMUNITIES

As mentioned before, we spoke about sharing with Cristina Garriga from project “My bookcase”- an online book exchange platform. The idea is that My Bookcase would enable people to contact each other online and then meet in offline reality in order to borrow or lend books, and as a result create real life interactions. Cristina feels strongly about the concept of sharing- in her opinion people are doing it all the time, so why shouldn’t it work? To gain a full perspective on the idea, we spoke also to Jane Jin from Nestbird Library. Her project was based on a similar idea of book exchange. Nestbird Library was a free mini-library, which in fact consisted of a little bookshelf opened 24 hours 7 days a week. The rule was that when one takes a book from it, one must replace it with another to make sure that there are always some books inside. However, it didn’t really work that way and the project failed. As Jane claims, the community she was working with was too big and it was impossible to build up the trust among residents. As there was no online platform or staff to support project, it was lacking of proper management, this resulted in project failure.

Interviews summary The biggest challenge for us in this project is not to push people to do something they don’t want to do, or force friendships. This is not what community means to us. To make a valuable project we need to have a clear idea of what the real benefits people can achieve are, by being the part of a community and how sharing can enhance their life. At this point we came to the conclusion that in order to make sharing happen, there needs to be trust or control system.

DESIGNER AS FACILITATOR

Working as a designer to help individuals collaborate and develop creative selfsustaining groups will involve adopting approaches which can sit uncomfortably with designers’ natural tendencies. Rather than focusing on the traditional role of problem setting and solving, this new role requires a conscious detachment from traditional notions of the ‘problem’ and the ‘output’ of the design process. Instead it demands a broader focus on people, where helping understand, enable, motivate and assist people in achieving their own desired outcomes takes centre stage. In short, it involves reframing your role as a designer to that of facilitator. So what does the ideas of designer as facilitator mean for notions of design practice and skill? Well, just as designing for experiences involves becoming acquainted with new approaches to researching, synthesising information and communicating ideas; so too are there principles, processes and tools that can help you practice effectively in this new role as a designer-facilitator.

Workshop with Ian Atchkinson • Introduce some of the fundamentals of practicing as a designer-facilitator • Give you experience of imagining, planning and prototyping facilitated interactions with your potential collective • Help you develop a plan for creating sustaining meeting formats for your collective

Problem solvers >> Facilitators When we decided we wanted to work with Garrioch Resident Association throughout our project, we found ourselves at a point in which we didn’t fully understand where our role would lie. We weren’t the ones to know best about the residents needs, and we didn’t want to pretend that we were. The workshops we attended with Ian Aitchison from Plan were really helpful for us. We redefined our role, and shifted from being the problem solvers, to being the facilitators.

“Facilitation: to make easier or less difficult; help forward (an action, process, etc.)”

We learn that by working together with the committee, we can help them identify problems by themselves and use our skills to make them see possible solutions. We also found that something which seems obvious and easy for us, is not necessary so obvious for others and that was a space for us to work within. We discovered that small changes in terms of making materials more visual and changing the approach into a less formal one, can provide better contact with residents and make them more active in participating in community life.

TITULO AQUI

Create

PROTOTYPES

Engagement tools After submitting a series of postcards to the residents of Garrioch, containing questions related to their neighbourhood, we realised we had to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;teachâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the committee ways in which to approach the answers, to generate opportunity for positive change. Taking on board the feedback we received, we created a series of answers in response to the issues that arose. This proves that our role of designing for the facilitation, would be able to be taken on by others, and manipulated to suit their individual unique communities. 34

COMMITTEE WORKSHOP

In order to test our theory we presented our prototypes to the committee during one of their monthly meetings. Knowing that many of the engagement tools we had initially produced wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t show immediate effect; we had to lend a great deal of trust in our committeeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s advice. Being an active committee for so long means they have witnessed many failures, and were able to offer advice on activities that wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work with little residents participation. From here we discovered that the aesthetics of the engagement tools would need to be a key feature, in order to attract the attention of as many resident as possible. Taking on board the fact that the committee members take on this role in their spare time, meaning that they have little time to spend on presentation, interaction with residents would be less taxing if the design work could be available to personalise easily.

COMMITTEE WORKSHOP

Completion & adaption of engagement tools Bearing in mind we wish this framework to be available to communities similar to that of Garrioch, we spend some time generalising the previously prototyped engagement tools. We created simplified versions accompanied by instructions on how to use and apply, so each tool would be easy for both the committee and the community to use, understand and ultimately create a sharing economy with.

Aim Recap Our Goal, then, was to connect communities by following a 3-phase step. These steps would include, Building a committee, allowing that committee to Engage with their residents, and then encouraging the network of committees to openly share ideas back and forth.

TITULO AQUI

Deliver

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OOR HAME

Introducing Oor Hame Oor Hame is an open online sharing platform made up of a 3 phase toolkit. This toolkit is designed to allow residents of a tenement block community to create a committee for their community, help the committee engage with all their residents, and then share ideas and stories with similar communities across the city.

How it would be promoted? oorhame.co.uk would ideally be promoted and advertised through the City Council, the Government, Housing Associations and such like. We seek to attract active members of a community, who want to better their own (and their neighbours) living experience by creating social events and interactions. Knowing and trusting your neighbours creates a safe environment to live in, and means you have people close by to turn to in times of need. These active members would be encouraged to join forces and become the Committee of their residential area. Having a committee means the community has a control system, so oversee communal activities, host events and manage community spending.

Addressďź&#x161;5 Havelock Street, Glasgow

What the committee can do? Once the committee has been identified, then will have access to a number of free downloadable templates to personalise and print out. These vary from membership forms, event posters and sharing stickers. All designed to encourage social interaction amongst residents. Each committee will be granted a log in, and their community page can be accessed. Once they have an active committee they can seek advice from other committees across the country via the online forum. Here committees can submit suggestions on additional tools, and share stories on what works, or doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work.

THE TOOLS

Each of the individual downloadable tools comes with a simple set of instructions on how to personalise, print out, and distribute in your community. This makes the committees life easier and means their monthly meeting can be spent discussing community relevant issues rather than designing and making engagements.

Membership Form Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important that the entire community are aware of the fact that there is a newly formed committee in their neighbourhood. When the committee has formed they would be encouraged to distribute membership forms to all of the residents, to welcome them into their sharing community and possibly recruit additional committee members. 49

Sharing Stickers Sharing Stickers are seen as a long-term fixture. The idea being that residents who are willing to participate would display on the outside of their doors, a number of stickers containing easily identifiable icons, relating to which belongings or assets they have spare, or would be willing to lend. These stickers can be seen by neighbours passing by, and should they require a hand/ or an object, they could easily seek help from each other.

Event posters Various styles of event posters would be available to download and edit according to the type of residential event the committee are throwing. These are designed to make the committees life a little easier, and capture the attention of the resident and ultimately bring the residents together in a social setting.

Neighbourhood set of rules It would be suggested that once the committee has formed and is welcoming their residents into their new sharing community, they distribute the neighbourhood rule book. This lighthearted booklet is a gentle reminder on how to be a good neighbour by respecting eachother, being considerate and getting involved.

CONCLUSION

Recap OorHame has is designed to create a lasting sharing economy, therefore has no conclusion as such. Tools should be seen as prompts, and on going activities. The aim is to bring back the sense of an ‘offline’ community.

Benefits Using the guides from oorhame.co.uk and being part of an offline sharing economy creates a better living experience for the neighbours of a community. If neighbours knew each other well enough, one would easily feel part of a community, meaning the opportunity for sharing is larger. Creating numerous social interactions means that there’s less risk for social isolation; and, therefore, a better quality of life.

WEBSITE

SYSTEM MAP

TITULO AQUI

The End

ACKOWLEDGEMENTS

Scottish Government Garrioch Residents Association

Organizations

Gristina Garriga, MY BOOKCASE Dominika Janicka, INSTITUTE OF DESIGN Jane jin, NEST LIBRARY

Studio Facilitators Elio Caccavale Stuart Bailey

Visiting Lecturers

Iain Aitchison, PlAN

Special Thanks Gordon Hush Irene Bell Ian Grout Emma Murphy

BIBLIOGRAPHY Belsky, S 2010 Making Ideas Happen. Overcoming the obstacles between vision & reality, Portfolio Penguin, London. Tomasello, M 2009 Why do we cooparate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts. Heller, S & Vienne, V 1984 Citizen designer. Perspective on Design Responsibility, The Hogwart Press, New York. Ignatieff, M 1984 The needs of strangers, Picador, New York. Botsman, R & Rogers R 2010 Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, HarperCollins Publishers, New York. Restakis, J 2010 Humanizing the Economy in the age of capital, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island. Murray, R & Caulier-Grice, J & Mulgan, G 2010 The Open Book Of Social Innovation, The Young Foundation, London. Bessant, J & Moslein, K 2011 Open Collective Innovation: The Power of the Many over the Few. AIM Research Report, Executive Briefing, London. Wosskow, D 2014 Unlocking the sharing economy. An independant review. [Online] Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/378291/bis-14-1227-unlocking-the-sharing-economy-an-independent-review.pdf [Accessed: 30.01.2015] OPEN GLASGOW (2013) The OPEN Manifesto. Future City Principals. [Online] Available from: http://open.glasgow.gov.uk/content/uploads/2013/11/FC_OPEN-Manifesto.pdf [Accessed: 24.02.2015] DESIGN COUNCIL (2013) Design For Public Good. [Online] Available from: https:// www.designcouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/asset/document/Design%20for%20 Public%20Good.pdf [Accessed on 10.02.2015]