urban archipelago for climate change: the next phase of landmaking in Boston
Remind the History: transformation of historic district in Beijing
Rhythm in Nature: Amphitheater Design in Allerton Park
Find Love in Garden: Family theme Garden design in Beijing
Stock Yard Line: Industrial District Planning in Chicago
Dynamic City: Urban Waterfront Park Design in Hebei
Flowing Land: Urban Park Design in Tianjin
Other Work
urban archipelago for climate change: the next phase of landmaking in Boston Urban landform design for sea level rising Location: South Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, US Date: 08/2014-12/2014 Instructor: Mary Pat Mattson Project Description:
With global climate change, numerous costal cities all over the world are threated by sea level rise. Boston is one of them that urge to seek a best way to solve the problem. Borrowing from the theoretical strategies, precedents and combining Boston’s own specific landfill history as well as urban characteristic, this project provides a new, optional strategy that changes the relationship between the water and city. By changing the landform through filling, cutting and connecting the existing land, Boston will become a new urban archipelago that adapts with sea level rise in the future as well as thrive new dynamic harbor life response to need of surrounding community.a green infrastructure and brings new vitality to the whole city.
Boston’s Wet Future
This scenario shows the situation that will happen around 2050 when sea level rises 7.5 feet higher than the average high tide. More and deeper flooding can be seen from the scenario map. The flooding will merge five more neighborhoods and South Boston Waterfront has the largest affected area.
Boston Landfilling History & Site Strategies
Theoretical Strategies
Fortify
(Keep water out)
Boston Site Strategies
Boston Character
Selective Seawalls
Landmaking History Shoreline Condition
Rise
(move to (away) higher ground)
Existing Topography
Raise Existing Ground
Urban Infrastructure Thriving Port
Adapt
(Design with water)
Dynamic Urban Life Natural Habitat
Cut / Fill Landform
Boston has its specific landfill history. Each big movement in this city is related with water. The new site strategies including using selective seawalls, raising existing ground and fiiling and cutting lanform come from the traditional strateies, which extends Boston’s own landfill history as well as represents Boston’s specific characteristics.
Related Case Studies and Proposed Approches Case Study1 BIG U |BIG Projects in “Rebuild by Design ” Competition
Green Infrastructure/Hard Infrastructure
Proposed Approach
Land Fill-berm/dune/raised Promenade
Wall/Bulkhead/levee
Rethinking The Edge of Harbor
Social Functional
Land Cut-Soil swale/small rain garden
Ecological Berm
RESIST
Existing Building
Case Study2 RESIST DELAY STOREDISCHARGE| OMA Projects in “Rebuild by Design ” Competition
DELAY
FILL Land Cut-Water Garden/ Urban Forest
Parking System
STORE
CUT
Buffer
DISCHARGE Green Belt
Case Study3 New Urban Ground| Dlands Studio Projects in “Rising Currents”
Selective Sea Wall
Making Room for Water in City Pump
Cistern Land Cut- Wetland/Natural Habitat
Traditional Design Evolution & Adaption Strategies The relationship between water and city in Boston is changing over time. Coastal cities are usually impacted by two kinds of water: salted water from ocean and sweet water from rain. Through the history, people took several strategies both for the boundary to adapt with salt water from the ocean and for the inner land to adapt with the sweet water from the rain. Now It is time for a next evolution when numerous problems caused by sea level rising are emerging. Instead of using engineering infrastructures like levees, the new adaption strategy contains the changing of the gained landform, including filling/rising the landform to resist the rising water, cutting the landform to detain/ filter the inner precipitation and connecting the raised landform with old topography to create an upper level living space without the threat of rising sea level.
Precipitation
LAND SEA
PRE-URBANIZATION
Precipitation
LANDFILL+ URBANIZATION
RISING SEA LEVEL
TRADITIONAL SOLUTION
City Drainage System
SEA
SEA
Flooding
Precipitation
Elevated Walkway/ corridor
City Drainage System SEA PROBLEM
Impermeable surface Bad connection (flooding) (transportation & view)
Connect
SEA
Fill
Park
Architecture
Underground Parking Lot
Cut
Soil swale/rain garden
Natural Habitat/ Wetland
Precipitation
Shoreline Condition & Land use
South Boston Waterfront
The shoreline is the place where land meets water, opportunities are created here since it is the destination of transportation, the economy develop prosperity along the coast, threats are also happened here as the continually rising water will break the boundary and merge lower area. For Boston, specifically, the shoreline is changing through time in response to the needs of development in different time periods. South Boston Waterfront, which has different shoreline conditions and land uses, has been chosen as a test site to apply the proposed approaches.
South Boston Waterfront Site Analysis & Apply Strategies
Summer Street & Convention Center 25 feet
Master Plan Diagram(0-4 feet)
Existing Condition
1 Foot
2 Feet
3 Feet
Based on all the analysis above, a series of plans have been developed (Appendix F). Since sea level rising is a continues process, it is unpredicted and changing through time, a series of diagrams are developed to illustrate the process of filling and cutting in each sea level rise moment. The steps of landform change are decided according to the prediction of flooding situation from 1 foot to 7 feet. Each plan diagram is designed for the future situation. The lowest area, which is merged by water firstly, will be the priority is protected. The existing condition is also an important impact factor for the landfilling process; the new raised land will build upon the existing elevated infrastructures.
Master Plan Diagram(5-7 feet)
4 Feet
5 Feet
6 Feet
7 Feet + Future
The 2 feet scenario and 5 feet scenario are crucial moments for the whole process. 2 feet scenario is when flooding begins to affect inner land so some lands are raised as berms or some selected sea walls are used as levees to protect the inner land. 5 feet scenario is the time when all the ambient raised land have been connect, at this moment, all the inner land of South Boston waterfront will be protected from water and the major property and value will move to the higher ground. By further connecting the raised land and historic topography, South Boston Waterfront will become an urban archipelago that water from the water can flow smoothly through the city without treating people’s life
Landform Change Process - Fort Port Neighborhood
A0’ If nothing is done, what does 5’ sea level rise look like?
A5’ With landform changes, what does 5’ sea level rise look like?
A10’ With landform changes, what does 10’ sea level rise look like?
A5X-Summer St Water Garden
A10X-Summer St Canal
Landform Change Process - Seaport District to Convention Center
B0’ If nothing is done, what does 5’ sea level rise look like?
B5’ With landform changes, what does 5’ sea level rise look like?
B10’ With landform changes, what does 10’ sea level rise look like?
B5X-Sea Port Pavilion+Stair
B5X-Sea Port Under Sea Tourist Tunnel
Landform Change Process - South Boston Waterfront Industrial+Convention Center
C0’ If nothing is done, what does 5’ sea level rise look like?
C5’ With landform changes, what does 5’ sea level rise look like?
C10’ With landform changes, what does 10’ sea level rise look like?
C5X-Pappas Terrace+Urban Forest
C5X-Pappas Terrace+Wetland/Pond
By significantly re-shaping Boston’s already made ground - through cut/fill strategies, partial seawalls and connective land bridges - South Boston Waterfront could be a new Urban Archipelago. New landscapes relationships emerge that allow the Waterfront to retain existing infrastructure, transportation, and industrial/seaport/ commercial activities, while redefining the City’s relationship with water
Rhythm In Nature
Amphitheater Design in Allerton Park Location: Monticello, Illinois, US Date: 10/2014-12/2014 Tutor: M. Elen Deming Project Description:
It is hard to determine which has a greater effect on the soul-music or nature. In this project, two amphitheaters are designed for two music styles: blue grass and jazz. By thinking about the materials and their change in diverse seasons and weathers, the amphitheaters can create the atmosphere of music during the music festival and merge in surrounding environment after that.
Performing Art Centers in Surrounding Cities
Site Analysis
Performing Art in Allerton Park
Mission Art Can Change The World! Create a space combines landscape with art where everyone can enjoy art and shape their morality through art. Using art to make people’s mind peaceful and let them Appreciate and cherish the nature Goals 1 showing people performing arts on the stage, focus on the blue grass and jazz 2 improving people’s creativity and stimulating people’s interest of art 3 letting people enjoy the nature and get inspiration of art from nature 4 offering a place where people can share their thoughts about art and get emotional resonance 5 creating a beautiful scenery where people can relax and get mind peaceful 6 Enlightenment children with art
Detail Design-A-Jazz Stage (Stone)
Section-Stage in Different time peroids
Music Festival
audience
main stage
prepare and rehearsal space
rain garden
Ordinary Time
rest area
playground and water fountain
viewing platform
rain garden
Perspective-Stage in Different Weather and seasons
Stone Fountain
sunny
snow
moss
rainy water
Detail Design-B-Blue Grass Stage (Wood)
Perspective Improvisational stage
Stock Yard Line Industrial District Design of Stock Yard Location: Chicago, Illinois, US Da te: 02/2015-05/2015 Instructor: Mary Pat Mattson Project Description: The contemporary discourse on landscape urbanism suggests that ongoing attention to the seemingly banal surfaces of urban operation is a cultural task ( Pierre Belanger, Synthetic Surfaces). In this project, our site is mainly covered by asphalt; it has a specific history and faces the ecological problems. I focus on the material of the surface. By using the materials that recall site history: the rail and the wood along with using green infrastructure, such as permeable parking lot, bio swales and wetland. I propose to turn the original industrial area into a vivid historic memorial and recreational system. At the same time improve the ecological environment.
Existing Condition
History 1864 1865
1900
1910
1934
1955
1971
2004
Existing Site Analysis
The selection of the trail is based on its existing condition, including surrounding land use and asphalt condition. This trail starts from the intersection of S Halsted St and W 45th Street and ends at the intersection of W 35 St and S Iron St. The length of the trail is about 2.89 mile. It goes along several main streets in Union Stock Yard, including W 45th St, S Racine Ave, W Exchanges Ave, S Morgan St and W Pershing Rd. Along the trail spreads several asphalts surface in varying size. Most of them are parking lots for the industrial while many parking lots are not completely occupied.
Material Strategy Material Strategy Gravel Pathway / Pavement
Cobblestone Pathway / Pavement
Corten Steel Edge
Flower Border Repeat the pattern of rail Gravel Path
Planter
Rail
Reserve History Movable landscape Installation Reuse the rail with other materials
Water
Grass
Wood
Repeat the pattern of animal fence
Wood Path / Square
Animal Fence Represent History
Wood Terrace / Planter / Bench
Use wood material to create recreational space
Gravel
Cobblestonel
Permeable Parking Permeable Material---Filter Grass
Bio Swale
Wetland
Green Infrustructure Reduce pollution of Bubbly Creek
Water Feature
Water Feature---detention
Framework Plan
My design proposal is based on the combination of historic line and ecological line. By using the materials that recall site history: the rail and the wood along with using green infrastructure, such as permeable parking lot, bio swales and wetland. We propose to turn the original industrial area into a vivid historic memorial and recreational system. At the same time improve the ecological environment of bubbly creek.
8
7 2
1
1
2
6
For the history line, we propose to reserve the rail that left on the site and use several park materials such as wood, gravels, stones and plant material instead of asphalt. These materials combining together can repeat the pattern of the rail and at the same time create variable space, which can slow people down and provide different programming.
4 5
4
3
3
4
3
2 1 Gateway-Railway Plaza 2 Railway Linear Park 3 Corten Steel Plaza
5
5
6
1 6
4 Railway Natural Park 5 Wood Plaza 6 Rail Commercial Plaza 7 Bubbly Creek Wetland 8 Railway Blossom Park
800
For the ecology line, we propose to increase the proportion of permeable surface. According to our pervious research, the main source of pollution for Bubbly creek is the storm water. The best way to reduce this none point source pollution is to create green infrastructure to slow and filter the storm water. Thus we propose to turn several asphalt parking lots to permeable parking lots, build bio swales along street and design a wetland near Bubbly Creek to reduce the pollution.
Sections
Permeable Parking
Permeable Parking Corten Steel Bench
Wood Path
Rail Planter Wood Square Wood Stairs Corten Steel Planter Fountain
Wood Plaza Gravel Path
Gravel Path Strip Stone Paving Grass Stone Bench
Flower Border Permeable Parking
Railway Linear Park
Railway Plaza
Railway Linear Park
Wood Plaza
Flowing Land
Urban park design in new city zone Location: Haerbin, Heilongjiang Province, China Date: 04/2012-06/2012 Instructor: Jinshi Zhang& Guo Wei Project Description:
" Landscape architecture is the design on the land" Topography is the key element of a design, in this project, topo is designed like sculpture. By combing with the function of stormwater collection and various space experience, the garden plays a role as a green infrastructure and brings new vitality to the whole city.
Site Analysis Challenge
Concept- Dune
Master Plan
The concept of Nantuo Park comes from dune, which has beautiful shape that can bring both visual enjoyment and different experiences of space. People can walk through those curves of the hills. Sometimes they go up to the hills, sometimes they go down to the ground, thus everyone who visit the park will enjoy the changing scenery and the flowing land. What's more, in the south of the park, I use a earth covered construction in order to ensure functions without destroying the terrain at the same time.
Dynamic Topography
waterfront road
lake
High altitude corridor
children playing space
waterfront road
lake
High altitude corridor
sports area
Comprehensive service building
Spray square
lake
High altitude corridor
garden road
Garden Road
High Altitude Corridor
Waterfront Road
Footbridge
In this project, topography is the key component part. Different terrain forms a dervise traffic system, including garden road, high altitude corridor, waterfront road and footbridge. Besides, different terrain also contributes seasonal changing landscape. In sunny days, the entire park without water can occupied by people for various activities, while in the rainy days, rain water will merge the lower area and people can walk on the footbridges and high altitude corridors to enjoy the scene of rain.
Urban Green Infrustructure
Chracteristics of Water Flow SURFACE RUNOFF This part of water mainly come from the rainfall. Since the surface of city's ground is mostly rigid pavement, little rain will infiltrates and a large amount of water during rainy days will lead to many problems.
URBAN PIPELINE SYSTEM City residents' living water will be transported by pipelines. After treatment of sewage treatment plant, the water will finally emissions into the rivers.
COLLECTION
By setting green open ditch with treatment plants on the waysides, the rainwater and living water will be collected and preliminary filtered.
RECYCLE The water that be collected in the open ditch will be recycled in the garden. Some of it will be discharged into the lake, others will be reused as landscape water like fountain.
Zizania aquatica Cladlum jamalcense Hemerocallis sp.
filter precipitate
discharge
recycle
Water Feature The site locates in a city where temperature varies dramatically. Thus water features contribute key attractions and bring vitality to the park. Water will show diverse forms in different seasons. In summer, mist spray system can cools the children playground. In winter, earth-sheltered buildings will act as a ski field. A Water Plaza
B Earth-sheltered building
A C
B C Mist Playground
Remind The History
Type:Transformation of Historic District Date12/2012 Instructor: Cao Shanshan Project Discription Beijing, especially the area within the second ring road, has a long history. The old quadrangles, narrow hutongs and the local residents all witness to the history. However, with the development of the city, many problems have appeared. How to keep the balance between modern and tradition is the main task of the design. In this design, I use the space of traditional quadrangle courtyard as a basic pattern and I try to keep the traditional culture of Beijing. I hope the historic district will full of new vitality and people who visit the district will remind the hostory after the transformation.
Background
Second Ring Road of
DESIGN PLOT
The design plot is on the northern part of Beijing, in the range of Shichahai historic preservation district. Surrounded by many historic sites like Bei Hai and Forbidden City, this area has a high historical value. Besides, with many local residents living in the quadrangles, this area is lively and dynamic.
FORBIDDEN CITY
QIAN MEN
Challenge: the living condition of the quadrangles is poor, lack of activity space and green space. The transportation is really a mass and there is no parking lot. What's more, some traditional buildings have been destroyed, and many buildings with different architectural styles appeared, which destroy the area's history lasting appeal. The Temple of Heaven
Opportunity: Many traditional Hutongs keep very well, the local residents and the traditional festivals make the whole area full of of vitality and vigor. Besides, the area is near Houhai, the waterfront environment can attract many people and bring many more possibilities to the design.
Current problems and solutions
Framework Plan
Detail Design
Dynamic City
Urban Waterfront Landscape Design in Zhumadian (team work)
collaborators: Liu Pai& Yan Lu Individual part: site analysis, data collection, general plan, ecology and flood management analysis
Location: Zhumadian, Hebei Province, China Date: 06/2012 Tutor: Li Xiong Project Description
Waterfront, a charming while complex area, always brings as well as damage to a city. In this project, the site faces the threat of flood disaster. How to combine waterfront landscape with ecological recovery, sewage treatment and flood control perfectly as well as bring vivid to the new waterfront environment is the main purpose of this project.
Site Analysis
Master Plan
Function As an Urban Waterfront Park
Function As Green Infrustructure Case study
Flooding Problem
New opportunities
Changing Landscape
Find Love In Garden Planting Design Location: Beijing, China Tutor: Hao Peiyao, Li Guanheng
Project Description: Beijing, a city with high density, faces plenty of problems. Lacking of exercise space, air pollution, alienation from family, all these factors cause mental and physical problems among residents. In this project, plant is used as a treatment to relieve people's stress. The theme of the Garden is family. By using plants to create an atmosphere of family, everyone can find love and enjoy a good time with their families.
Function Of Plants
How to solve problems by planting?
Culture and Theme
Master Plan
Detail Design-A-Study Theme Garden
Detail Design-B-Play With Me Theme Garden
Detail Design-C-Love of Parents Theme Garden
Ghats of Varanasi on the ganga in india: the cultural landscape reclaimed
Points . Lines . Trains: Vision Strategies For Champaign North-South Rail Corridor Downtown Analysis
Urban Segregation
Urban Fabric
Single Family Two Family
Urban Area Railroad The railroad seperates the city in an east west fashion. This seperation makes an unwelcoming and unused corridor following the tracks.
Socio-Economic Hotspot & Traffic
Multifamily Low Density Multifamily Medium Density Multifamily High Density /Limited Business In-town Single Family In-town Single and Two Family In-town Neighborhood Conservation In-town Multifamily
In-town Mixed Use District Central Business Commercial Neighborhood Commercial General Commercial Office Commercial Industrial Light Industrial Conservation / Recreation /Education Downtown Energy
Energy Flow
3 Lavender
1 Yellow
7 Grey 2 Red 9 Brown
3 Lavender
7 Grey
6 Orange 5 Green
6 Orange
2 Red
12 Teal
1 Yellow
2 Red
9 Brown
5 Green
12 Teal
13 Sliver
22 Illini
27 Air
1 Yellow
1 Yellow 2 Red 3 Lavender
9 Brown
Downtown Energy
2 Red
12 Teal
12 Teal
Railroad
3 Lavender
13 Sliver
13 Sliver
New Connections
1 Yellow
9 Brown
5 Green
5 Green
22 Illini
22 Illini
6 Orange
6 Orange
27 Air
27 Air
7 Gey
7 Grey Socio-Economic Hotspot Main Destination
Landscape Corridor Creek Corridor Currently, there is a lot of existing energy located downtown that is going untapped. The presence of a green corridor running parralel to the tracks creates a great opportunity to connect communities to the downtown energy.
Langfang International School surrounding environment